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Mishra S, Gupta A, Jain S, Vaidya A. Anticancer mechanisms of β-carbolines. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14521. [PMID: 38653576 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
β-Carboline nucleus is therapeutically valuable in medicinal chemistry for the treatment of varied number of diseases, most importantly cancer. The potent and wide-ranging activity of β-carboline has established them as imperative pharmacological scaffolds especially in the cancer treatment. Numerous derivatives such as Tetrahydro β-carbolines, metal complexed β-carbolines, mono, di and tri substituted β-carbolines have been reported to possess dynamic anticancer activity. These different substituted β-carboline derivatives had shown different mechanism of action and plays important role in anticancer drug discovery and development. The review is an update of the chemistry of β-carbolines, both synthetic and natural origin acting through various targets against cancerous cells. In addition to this, studies of multitarget molecules designed by coupling β-carbolines along with other mechanisms for treatment of neoplasm are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Mishra
- Pharmacy College Saifai, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aditi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shweta Jain
- Sir Madan Lal Institute of Pharmacy, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankur Vaidya
- Pharmacy College Saifai, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
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2
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Chamariya R, Suvarna V. Role of KSP inhibitors as anti-cancer therapeutics: an update. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:2517-2538. [PMID: 35043768 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220119093105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Regardless of the growing discovery of anticancer treatments, targeting cancer-specific pathways, cytotoxic therapy still maintained its abundant clinical significance based on the fact that tumours harbour a greater population of actively dividing cells than normal tissues. Conventional anti-mitotic agents or microtubule poisons acting on the major mitotic spindle protein tubulin have been effectively used in clinical settings for cancer chemotherapy over the last three decades. However, use of these drugs is associated with limited clinical utility due to serious side effects such as debilitating and dose-limiting peripheral neuropathy, myelosuppression, drug resistance and allergic reactions. Therefore, research initiatives have been undertaken to develop novel microtubule motor proteins inhibitors that can potentially circumvent the limitations associated with conventional microtubule poisons. Kinesin spindle proteins (KSP) belonging to the kinesin-5 family play a crucial role during mitosis and unregulated cell proliferation. Several evidences from preclinical studies and different phases of clinical trials have presented kinesin spindle protein as a promising target for cancer therapeutics. kinesin spindle protein inhibitors causing mitosis disruption without interfering with microtubule dynamics in non-dividing cells offer a potential therapeutic alternative for the management of several major cancer types and are devoid of side effects associated with classical anti-mitotic drugs. This review summarizes recent data highlighting progress in the discovery of targeted KSP inhibitors and presents the development of scaffolds, structure-activity relationships, and outcomes of biological, and enzyme inhibition studies. We reviewed the recent literature reports published over last decade, using various electronic database searches such as PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Clinical trial data till 2021 was retrieved from ClinicalTrial.gov. Major chemical classes developed as selective KSP inhibitors include dihydropyrimidines, β-carbolines, carbazoles, benzimidazoles, fused aryl derivatives, pyrimidines, fused pyrimidines, quinazolines, quinolones, thiadiazolines, spiropyran and azobenzenes. Drugs such as filanesib, litronesib, ispinesib have entered clinical trials, the most advanced phase explored being Phase II. KSP inhibitors have exhibited promising results; however, continued exploration is greatly required to establish the clinical potential of KSP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinkal Chamariya
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai - 400056, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vasanti Suvarna
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai - 400056, Maharashtra, India
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3
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A review of synthetic bioactive tetrahydro-β-carbolines: A medicinal chemistry perspective. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113815. [PMID: 34479038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
1, 2, 3, 4-Tetrahydro-β-carboline (THβC) scaffold is widespread in many natural products (NPs) and synthetic compounds which show a variety of pharmacological activities. In this article, we reviewed the design, structures and biological characteristics of reported synthetic THβC compounds, and structure and activity relationship (SAR) of them were also discussed. This work might provide a reference for subsequent drug development based on THβC.
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A comprehensive overview of β-carbolines and its derivatives as anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113688. [PMID: 34332400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
β-Carboline alkaloids are a family of natural and synthetic products with structural diversity and outstanding antitumor activities. This review summarizes research developments of β-carboline and its derivatives as anticancer agents, which focused on both natural and synthetic monomers as well as dimers. In addition, the structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis of β-carboline monomers and dimers are summarized and mechanism of action of β-carboline and its derivatives are also presented. A few possible research directions, suggestions and clues for future work on the development of novel β-carboline-based anticancer agents with improved expected activities and lesser toxicity are also provided.
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Paliwal D, Srivastava S, Sharma PK, Ahmad I. Marine Originated Fused Heterocyclic: Prospective Bioactivity against Cancer. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083805666190328205729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The deep Sea has several herbal sources such as marine organisms. These marine
sources possibly have effective anticancer properties. The fused heterocyclic ring with marine
source has special characteristics with minimum toxicity and with maximum anticancer
effects. The review focused on and classified the prospective lead compounds which have
shown a promising therapeutic range as anticancer agents in clinical and preclinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Paliwal
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical & Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, 201310, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, UP 226003, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical & Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, 201310, India
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Novel Polycondensed Partly Saturated β-Carbolines Including Ferrocene Derivatives: Synthesis, DFT-Supported Structural Analysis, Mechanism of Some Diastereoselective Transformations and a Preliminary Study of Their in vitro Antiproliferative Effects. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071599. [PMID: 32244444 PMCID: PMC7181298 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of a Pictet-Spengler reaction of tryptamine and l-tryptophan methyl ester and subsequent reduction of the nitro group followed by further cyclocondensation with aryl aldehydes and formyl–substituted carboxylic acids, including ferrocene-based components, furnished a series of diastereomeric 6-aryl-substituted 5,6,8,9,14,14b-hexahydroindolo[2′,3′:3,4]pyrido[1-c]-quinazolines and 5,5b,17,18-tetrahydroindolo[2′,3′:3,4]pyrido[1,2-c]isoindolo[2,1-a]quinazolin-11-(15bH)-ones with the elements of central-, planar and conformational chirality. The relative configuration and the conformations of the novel polycyclic indole derivatives were determined by 1H- and 13C-NMR methods supplemented by comparative DFT analysis of the possible diastereomers. The structure of one of the pentacyclic methyl esters with defined absolute configuration “S” was also confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction measurement. Accounting for the characteristic substituent-dependent diastereoselective formation of the products multistep mechanisms were proposed on the basis of the results of DFT modeling. Preliminary in vitro cytotoxic assays of the products revealed moderate-to-significant antiproliferative effects against PANC-1-, COLO-205-, A-2058 and EBC-1 cell lines that proved to be highly dependent on the stereostructure and on the substitution pattern of the pending aryl substituent.
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Molecular docking, ADME/Tox prediction, and in vitro study of the cell growth inhibitory activity of five β-carboline alkaloids. Struct Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-019-01308-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Dhanasekaran S, Kannaujiya VK, Biswas RG, Singh VK. Enantioselective A3-Coupling Reaction Employing Chiral CuI-iPrpyboxdiPh/N-Boc-(l)-Proline Complex under Cooperative Catalysis: Application in the Synthesis of (Indol-2-yl)methanamines. J Org Chem 2019; 84:3275-3292. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sivasankaran Dhanasekaran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Vinod. K. Kannaujiya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Rayhan G. Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Vinod K. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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10
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Design and synthesis of some β-carboline derivatives as multi-target anticancer agents. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:2791-2814. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Some anticancer β-carbolines exhibited dual inhibition of topo-I and KSP. Methodology/Results: Novel β-carbolines were synthesized and screened for their anticancer activity according to the NCI protocol. Five dose assays results indicated that compounds 9, 10, 12, 17 and 20 were potent and non selective anticancer agents; the sulfanyltriazole 12 was the most potent. Compounds 10, 12 and 20 showed dual topo-I and KSP inhibition with compound 12 being the most potent. Active compounds elicited Pre-G1 apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase of melanoma MDA-MB-435 cells. Docking results, in silico physicochemical and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) properties were appropriate. Conclusion: Compounds 10, 12 and 20 are potent apoptosis-inducing multitarget anticancer agents that act via dual inhibition of topo-I and KSP-ATPase.
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Design, synthesis, anticancer screening, docking studies and in silico ADME prediction of some β-carboline derivatives. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:1159-1175. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Medicinal interest has focused on β-carbolines as anticancer agents. Methodology/Results: Several β-carbolines were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and A-549 cancer cell lines using MTT assay. Compounds 13a, 13c, 13d and 20a were the most promising showing high selectivity indices. Compounds 13c and 20a showed potent inhibition of topoisomerase (topo-I) and kinesin spindle protein (KSP/Eg5 ATPase) which was confirmed by their docking results into the active site of both enzymes. In silico physicochemical calculations predicted that compounds 13a, 13d and 20a obeyed Lipinski's rule of five. Conclusion: Compounds 13c and 20a are multitarget anticancer leads that act as potent inhibitors for both topo-I and/or KSP ATPase.
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12
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Yang JM, Zhu YH, Chen S, Lu X, Wu YM, Ma FE, Li LP, Yang Y, Shi ZH, Huang KY, Hong X, Jiang P, Peng Y. A β-carboline derivative-based nickel(ii) complex as a potential antitumor agent: synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:100-107. [PMID: 30108903 PMCID: PMC6072409 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00428a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel nickel(ii) complex of 6-methoxy-1-pyridine-β-carboline (4a) was synthesized and characterized. The cytotoxicities of the complex towards six cancer cell lines, including MGC-803, Hep G2, T24, OS-RC-2, NCI-H460, and SK-OV-3, and human normal liver cell line HL-7702 were investigated. The IC50 values for MGC-803, Hep G2, T24, OS-RC-2, NCI-H460 and SK-OV-3 were generally in the micromolar range (3.77-15.10 μM), lower than those of ligand 4 and cisplatin. Furthermore, 4a (6 μM) significantly induced cell cycle arrest at the S phase, and caused the down-regulation of p-AKT, cyclin E, cyclin A and CDK2 and the up-regulation of p27. Various experiments showed that 4a induced apoptosis, activated caspase-3, increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhanced the intracellular [Ca2+]c levels in MGC-803. In addition, the expression of intrinsic apoptotic proteins, including cytochrome c and apaf-1, increased. Further intrinsic apoptosis was triggered via executive molecular caspase-9 and caspase-3. In short, 4a exerted its cytotoxic activity primarily through inducing cell cycle arrest at the S phase and intrinsic apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Mei Yang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Guangxi Normal University , No. 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 773 2120958
| | - Yan-Hong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Guangxi Normal University , No. 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 773 2120958
| | - Sheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Guangxi Normal University , No. 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 773 2120958
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Guangxi Normal University , No. 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 773 2120958
| | - Yi-Ming Wu
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Guangxi Normal University , No. 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 773 2120958
| | - Feng-E Ma
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Guangxi Normal University , No. 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 773 2120958
| | - Liang-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Guangxi Normal University , No. 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 773 2120958
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Guangxi Normal University , No. 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 773 2120958
| | - Zhen-Hao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Guangxi Normal University , No. 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 773 2120958
| | - Kun-Yuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Guangxi Normal University , No. 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 773 2120958
| | - Xue Hong
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Guangxi Normal University , No. 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 773 2120958
| | - Ping Jiang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center , Shanghai Institute of Mental Health , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , 600 Wan Ping Nan Road , Shanghai 200030 , P.R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 21 64387250
| | - Yan Peng
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Guangxi Normal University , No. 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 773 2120958
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Nekkanti S, Pooladanda V, Veldandi M, Tokala R, Godugu C, Shankaraiah N. Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazolo-fused-tetrahydro-β-carboline Derivatives via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction: Cytotoxicity Evaluation and DNA-Binding studies. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Nekkanti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER); Hyderabad 500 037 India
| | - Venkatesh Pooladanda
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER); Hyderabad 500 037 India
| | - Mamatha Veldandi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER); Hyderabad 500 037 India
| | - Ramya Tokala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER); Hyderabad 500 037 India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER); Hyderabad 500 037 India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER); Hyderabad 500 037 India
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Konnert L, Lamaty F, Martinez J, Colacino E. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Hydantoins: The State of the Art of a Valuable Scaffold. Chem Rev 2017. [PMID: 28644621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The review highlights the hydantoin syntheses presented from the point of view of the preparation methods. Novel synthetic routes to various hydantoin structures, the advances brought to the classical methods in the aim of producing more sustainable and environmentally friendly procedures for the preparation of these biomolecules, and a critical comparison of the different synthetic approaches developed in the last twelve years are also described. The review is composed of 95 schemes, 8 figures and 528 references for the last 12 years and includes the description of the hydantoin-based marketed drugs and clinical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Konnert
- Université de Montpellier, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron UMR 5247 CNRS - Universités Montpellier - ENSCM , Place E. Bataillon, Campus Triolet, cc 1703, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Lamaty
- Université de Montpellier, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron UMR 5247 CNRS - Universités Montpellier - ENSCM , Place E. Bataillon, Campus Triolet, cc 1703, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Martinez
- Université de Montpellier, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron UMR 5247 CNRS - Universités Montpellier - ENSCM , Place E. Bataillon, Campus Triolet, cc 1703, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Evelina Colacino
- Université de Montpellier, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron UMR 5247 CNRS - Universités Montpellier - ENSCM , Place E. Bataillon, Campus Triolet, cc 1703, 34095 Montpellier, France
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15
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QSAR analysis for some β-carboline derivatives as anti-tumor. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2012.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Lunagariya NA, Gohil VM, Kushwah V, Neelagiri S, Jain S, Singh S, Bhutani KK. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,3,6-trisubstituted β-carboline derivatives for cytotoxic and anti-leishmanial potential. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 26:789-794. [PMID: 26791014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.12.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, 23 derivatives of 1,3,6-trisubstituted β-carboline were synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxic potential against four human cancer cells, namely A-549, HeLa, Hep G2 and MCF-7 as well as anti-leishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani (MHOM/80/IN/Dd8) promastigotes. Among the studied compounds, compounds 13c and 13q showed potent cytotoxic activity better than the parent compound 10. For instance, compound 13c was found to be the most cytotoxic with IC50 of 4.72, 3.59, 3.65 and 4.17 μM against A-549, HeLa, Hep G2 and MCF-7 respectively, while for compound 13q, IC50 were 15.47, 5.30, 6.15 and 13.39 μM against the same cancer cells respectively. Further, these two compounds were found to be apoptotic in A-549 and MCF-7 cells when observed using Annexin V/propidium iodide staining under confocal microscope. All the compounds were also tested for anti-leishmanial potential. In which, compounds 13u and 13c were found to show moderate inhibition with IC50 of 23.5±9.0 and 68.0±0.0 μM respectively, while compound 10 was the most active with IC50 of 9.0±2.8 μM, suggesting the modification at C-6 detrimental for anti-leishmanial activity. Interestingly, amongst all, compound 13c was found to be the most active for cytotoxic and moderately active for anti-leishmanial activity which can be further developed as a lead for these disease areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin A Lunagariya
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Vikrantsinh M Gohil
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Varun Kushwah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Soumya Neelagiri
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Sushma Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Kamlesh K Bhutani
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
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17
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Design, synthesis and anticancer evaluation of tetrahydro-β-carboline-hydantoin hybrids. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 24:5413-7. [PMID: 25453799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of new tetrahydro-β-carboline-hydantoin hybrids have been designed and synthesized based on the structure of the known Eg5 inhibitor HR22C16. These compounds have been evaluated for their anticancer activity against lung (A549), cervical (ME180, HeLa), prostate (PC-3) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cell lines by MTT assay. These hybrids have displayed significant in vitro cytotoxicity in comparison to etoposide against PC-3, A549, and MCF-7 cell lines. The hybrids 3a, 3b, 3c, 3e, 3f, 3g, 4b, 4c, 4e and 4f appear to be more effective against the PC-3 cell line, among which compound 4b displayed the highest cytotoxicity (6.08 ± 0.2, IC₅₀ μM). Based on these results, an attempt was made to rationalize their mechanism of action through cell cycle analysis studies. The flow-cytometric analysis of compound 4b in PC-3 cells indicated a G2/M cell cycle arrest. Molecular docking studies substantiate that these compounds indeed bind to the allosteric site of Eg5 formed from Glu116, Gly117, Glu118, Trp127, Ala133, Ile136, Pro137, Tyr211, Leu214, and Glu215 residues with the most potent compound 4b showing the most favorable interaction.
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18
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Lood CS, Laine AE, Högnäsbacka A, Nieger M, Koskinen AMP. Synthesis of Chiral (Indol-2-yl)methanamines and Insight into the Stereochemistry Protecting Effects of the 9-Phenyl-9-fluorenyl Protecting Group. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Ahmed NS, Elgendy M, Laufer S, Abadi AH. Discovery of a novel series of tetrahydro-β-carbolines inducing autophagic cell death in human metastatic melanoma. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2014; 347:398-406. [PMID: 24652680 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of novel tetrahydro-β-carbolines that induce cell death via the autophagic pathway. Five of the new compounds induced cell death in a panel of patient-derived human metastatic melanoma cells. The autophagic pathway was confirmed using LC3 autophagosome markers; the involvement of ATG7 and Beclin 1 autophagy regulating genes was confirmed using infection with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to silence Beclin 1 and ATG7. Compound VIII (IC50 = 2.34-5.15 μM) displayed activities greater than cisplatin against a panel of patient-derived human metastatic melanoma cell lines. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of this class and the role of the absolute stereochemistry and geometrical isomerism are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin S Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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Wu N, Song F, Yan L, Li J, You J. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed CH Bond Functionalizations: Feasible Access to a Diversity-Oriented β-Carboline Library. Chemistry 2014; 20:3408-14. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Laine AE, Lood C, Koskinen AMP. Pharmacological importance of optically active tetrahydro-β-carbolines and synthetic approaches to create the C1 stereocenter. Molecules 2014; 19:1544-67. [PMID: 24473212 PMCID: PMC6271216 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19021544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-β-carbolines (THβCs) are a pharmacologically important group of compounds belonging to the indole alkaloids. C1-Substituted optically active THβCs have been the target of extensive synthetic efforts due to the presence of the scaffold in numerous natural products and synthetic targets. This review briefly summarizes the methods to obtain the C1 stereocenter and concentrates on evaluating the pharmacological importance of optically active C1-substituted THβCs, including their PDE5-inhibitory, antimalarial, antiviral and antitumor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aino E Laine
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Tehcnology, Aalto University, PO Box 16100, Kemistintie 1, Aalto FI-00076, Finland.
| | - Christopher Lood
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Tehcnology, Aalto University, PO Box 16100, Kemistintie 1, Aalto FI-00076, Finland.
| | - Ari M P Koskinen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Tehcnology, Aalto University, PO Box 16100, Kemistintie 1, Aalto FI-00076, Finland.
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22
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Abnous K, Barati B, Mehri S, Masboghi Farimani MR, Alibolandi M, Mohammadpour F, Ghandadi M, Hadizadeh F. Synthesis and molecular modeling of six novel monastrol analogues: evaluation of cytotoxicity and kinesin inhibitory activity against HeLa cell line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 21:70. [PMID: 24355209 PMCID: PMC3891991 DOI: 10.1186/2008-2231-21-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background and the purpose of the study A common approach in cancer chemotherapy is development of drugs that interrupt the mitosis phase of cell division. Dimethylenastron is a known kinesin inhibitor. In this study, six novel dimethylenastron analogues (4a-f), in which 3-hydroxyphenyl substituent has been replaced with substituted benzylimidazolyl, were synthesized through Biginelli reaction. Methods Six novel Biginelli compounds (4a-f) were synthesized through one step Biginelli reaction of imidazole aldehydes (3a-c), dimedone and urea or thioura. In vitro cytotoxicities of prepared compounds were investigated using MTT assay. Furthermore the ELIPA kit was implemented to study inhibitory effects of synthesized compounds on ATPase activity of kinesin by measuring of organic phosphate. Results Our results indicated that analogue 4c is the most toxic and analogues 4f, 4b and dimethylenasteron were less cytotoxic in compare with other analogues. On the other hand, analogue 4a, 4b, 4c and 4e showed stronger Kinesin inhibition as compared with analogue 4f and dimethylenasteron. None of synthesized compounds were as potent kinesin inhibitor as Taxol. Docking analysis revealed that hydrogen bond formation and hydrophobic interactions were the key factors affecting inhibitory effects of these compounds. Conclusion Newly synthesized compounds were found to have moderate to good cytotoxicity against HeLa cancer cell. Our results may be helpful in further design of dihydropyrimidine as potential anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Farzin Hadizadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P, O, Box 91775-1365, Mashhad, Iran.
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Jiang C, You Q. Kinesin spindle protein inhibitors in cancer: a patent review (2008 - present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2013; 23:1547-60. [PMID: 23978071 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.833606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inhibition of kinesin spindle protein (KSP) has emerged as a novel and validated therapeutic strategy against cancers. A lot of new KSP inhibitors have been identified in recent years and some of them have entered clinical trials. This may provide more selections in future cancer therapy. AREAS COVERED In the present review, the authors will describe the most recent classes of KSP inhibitors by reviewing about 96 literatures in which 24 patent applications were included from 2008 to now. EXPERT OPINION Many new KSP inhibitors have been discovered that act either by binding in an allosteric site of KSP or by ATP competitive inhibition. There are several ATP non-competitive KSP inhibitors entering clinical investigation. Although they were both well tolerated and showed acceptable pharmacokinetic profiles, limited clinical response was always the problem. Mutation of the binding pocket was also a hindrance in the development of these allosteric inhibitors. The appearance of ATP competitive KSP inhibitors was considered to be able to overcome mutation-mediated resistance to the allosteric inhibitors, which could be a new approach for the development of novel KSP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jiang
- China Pharmaceutical University, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization , Nanjing 210009 , China
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Dong J, Meng TZ, Shi XX, Zou WH, Lu X. Highly stereoselective transformation of (1S,3S)-cis-1,3-disubstituted tetrahydro-β-carbolines into (1S,3R)-trans-1,3-disubstituted tetrahydro-β-carbolines: an improved asymmetric synthesis of tadalafil from l-tryptophan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Comparative evaluation of a Pictet–Spengler protocol in microwave-assisted conversions of tryptamine with aryl- and carboxyaryl aldehydes: role of ring strain in cyclocondensation of the primarily formed carboxyaryl-substituted β-carbolines. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-013-1007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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El-Nassan HB. Advances in the discovery of kinesin spindle protein (Eg5) inhibitors as antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 62:614-31. [PMID: 23434636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is considered as one of the most serious health problems. Despite the presence of many effective chemotherapeutic agents, their severe side effects together with the appearance of mutant tumors limit the use of these drugs and increase the need for new anticancer agents. Eg5 represents an attractive target for medicinal chemists since Eg5 is overexpressed in many proliferative tissues while almost no Eg5 is detected in nonproliferative tissues. Many Eg5 inhibitors displayed potent anticancer activity against some of the mutant tumors with limited side effects. The present review provides an overview about the progress in the discovery of Eg5 inhibitors especially from 2009 to 2012 as well as the clinical trials conducted on some of these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Bakr El-Nassan
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 33 Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
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27
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Airaghi F, Fiorati A, Lesma G, Musolino M, Sacchetti A, Silvani A. The diketopiperazine-fused tetrahydro-β-carboline scaffold as a model peptidomimetic with an unusual α-turn secondary structure. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:147-54. [PMID: 23399789 PMCID: PMC3566863 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming at restricting the conformational freedom of tryptophan-containing peptide ligands, we designed a THBC (tetrahydro-β-carboline)-DKP (diketopiperazine)-based peptidomimetic scaffold capable of arranging in an unusual α-turn conformation. The synthesis is based on a diastereoselective Pictet–Spengler condensation to give the THBC core, followed by an intramolecular lactamization to complete the tetracyclic THBC-DKP fused ring system. The presence of conformers bearing the intramolecular thirteen-membered hydrogen bond that characterizes the α-turn structure is confirmed by 1H NMR conformational studies. To the best of our knowledge, this scaffold represents one of the rare examples of a designed constrained α-turn mimic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Airaghi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Goulet A, Moores C. New insights into the mechanism of force generation by kinesin-5 molecular motors. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 304:419-66. [PMID: 23809441 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407696-9.00008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Kinesin-5 motors are members of a superfamily of microtubule-dependent ATPases and are widely conserved among eukaryotes. Kinesin-5s typically form homotetramers with pairs of motor domains located at either end of a dumbbell-shaped molecule. This quaternary structure enables cross-linking and ATP-driven sliding of pairs of microtubules, although the exact molecular mechanism of this activity is still unclear. Kinesin-5 function has been characterized in greatest detail in cell division, although a number of interphase roles have also been defined. The kinesin-5 ATPase is tuned for slow microtubule sliding rather than cellular transport and-in vertebrates-can be inhibited specifically by allosteric small molecules currently in cancer clinical trials. The biophysical and structural basis of kinesin-5 mechanochemistry is being elucidated and has provided further insight into kinesin-5 activities. However, it is likely that the precise mechanism of these important motors has evolved according to functional context and regulation in individual organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Goulet
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, United Kingdom
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29
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Rashid N, Alam S, Hasan M, Khan N, Khan KM, Duddeck H, Pescitelli G, Kenéz Á, Antus S, Kurtán T. Cis
-Diastereoselectivity in Pictet-Spengler Reactions of L
-Tryptophan and Electronic Circular Dichroism Studies. Chirality 2012; 24:789-95. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naghmana Rashid
- Allama Iqbal Open University; Department of Chemistry; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Samina Alam
- Quaid-i-Azam University; Department of Chemistry; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Mashooda Hasan
- Allama Iqbal Open University; Department of Chemistry; Islamabad Pakistan
- Quaid-i-Azam University; Department of Chemistry; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Naeema Khan
- Quaid-i-Azam University; Department of Chemistry; Islamabad Pakistan
- Fatima Jinnah Women University; Rawalpindi Pakistan
| | - Khalid M. Khan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical Sciences; University of Karachi; Pakistan
| | - Helmut Duddeck
- Leibniz Universität Hannover; Institut für Organische Chemie; Hannover Germany
| | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Università di Pisa; Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Pisa Italy
| | - Ágnes Kenéz
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Sándor Antus
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Tibor Kurtán
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
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Amat M, Subrizi F, Elias V, Llor N, Molins E, Bosch J. Cyclocondensation Reactions between 2-Acyl-3-indoleacetic Acid Derivatives and Phenylglycinol: Enantioselective Synthesis of 1-Substituted Tetrahydro-β-carboline Alkaloids. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lesma G, Cecchi R, Crippa S, Giovanelli P, Meneghetti F, Musolino M, Sacchetti A, Silvani A. Ugi 4-CR/Pictet–Spengler reaction as a short route to tryptophan-derived peptidomimetics. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:9004-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26301g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Mangalaraj S, Ramanathan CR. Construction of tetrahydro-β-carboline skeletons via Brønsted acid activation of imide carbonyl group: syntheses of indole alkaloids (±)-harmicine and (±)-10-desbromoarborescidine-A. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21734a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Dong J, Trieu TH, Shi XX, Zhang Q, Xiao S, Lu X. A general strategy for the highly stereoselective synthesis of HR22C16-like mitotic kinesin Eg5 inhibitors from both l- and d-tryptophans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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34
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Yao K, Zhao M, Zhang X, Wang Y, Li L, Zheng M, Peng S. A class of oral N-[(1S,3S)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carbonyl]- N′-(amino-acid-acyl)hydrazine: Discovery, synthesis, in vitro anti-platelet aggregation/in vivo anti-thrombotic evaluation and 3D QSAR analysis. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:3237-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Smith E, Hégarat N, Vesely C, Roseboom I, Larch C, Streicher H, Straatman K, Flynn H, Skehel M, Hirota T, Kuriyama R, Hochegger H. Differential control of Eg5-dependent centrosome separation by Plk1 and Cdk1. EMBO J 2011; 30:2233-45. [PMID: 21522128 PMCID: PMC3117641 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) is thought to trigger centrosome separation in late G2 phase by phosphorylating the motor protein Eg5 at Thr927. However, the precise control mechanism of centrosome separation remains to be understood. Here, we report that in G2 phase polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) can trigger centrosome separation independently of Cdk1. We find that Plk1 is required for both C-Nap1 displacement and for Eg5 localization on the centrosome. Moreover, Cdk2 compensates for Cdk1, and phosphorylates Eg5 at Thr927. Nevertheless, Plk1-driven centrosome separation is slow and staggering, while Cdk1 triggers fast movement of the centrosomes. We find that actin-dependent Eg5-opposing forces slow down separation in G2 phase. Strikingly, actin depolymerization, as well as destabilization of interphase microtubules (MTs), is sufficient to remove this obstruction and to speed up Plk1-dependent separation. Conversely, MT stabilization in mitosis slows down Cdk1-dependent centrosome movement. Our findings implicate the modulation of MT stability in G2 and M phase as a regulatory element in the control of centrosome separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan Smith
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Nadia Hégarat
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Clare Vesely
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Isaac Roseboom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brigthon, UK
| | - Chris Larch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Hansjörg Streicher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Helen Flynn
- CRUK London Research Institutes Clare Hall, South Mimms, UK
| | - Mark Skehel
- CRUK London Research Institutes Clare Hall, South Mimms, UK
| | - Toru Hirota
- The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Ariake, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Kuriyama
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Helfrid Hochegger
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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Design, synthesis and cytotoxic activities of novel β-amino alcohol derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:2302-4. [PMID: 21397498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.02.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Three series of novel β-amino alcohols possessing an N-anthranyl group have been obtained using tryptophan as the major starting material. These compounds were screened for cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines in vitro by MTT assay, and some of them exhibited potential ability to be anticancer agents. Structure-activity relationship was carefully investigated. Only the compounds possessing small substituents (H or CH(3)) at C-6 position showed the same activity as cisplatin (DDP) did.
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Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Tetrahydro-β-Carboline Hydantoin and Tetrahydro-β-Carboline Thiohydantoin Derivatives as Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2011; 2011:562421. [PMID: 27471602 PMCID: PMC4939265 DOI: 10.1155/2011/562421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two series of fused tetrahydro-β-carboline hydantoin and tetrahydro-β-carboline thiohydantoin derivatives with a pendant 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl at position 5 were synthesized, and chiral carbons at positions 5 and 11a swing from R,R to R,S, S,R, and S,S. The prepared analogues were evaluated for their capacity to inhibit phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) isozyme. The R absolute configuration of C-5 in the β-carboline hydantoin derivatives was found to be essential for the PDE5 inhibition. Chiral carbon derived from amino acid even if of the S configuration (L-tryptophan) may lead to equiactive or more active isomers than those derived from amino acid with the R configuration (D-tryptophan). This expands the horizon from which efficient PDE5 inhibitors can be derived and may offer an economic advantage. The thiohydantoin derivatives were less active than their hydantoin congeners.
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Mohamed HA, Girgis NMR, Wilcken R, Bauer MR, Tinsley HN, Gary BD, Piazza GA, Boeckler FM, Abadi AH. Synthesis and molecular modeling of novel tetrahydro-β-carboline derivatives with phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitory and anticancer properties. J Med Chem 2010; 54:495-509. [PMID: 21189023 DOI: 10.1021/jm100842v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
New derivatives based upon the tetrahydro-β-carboline-hydantoin and tetrahydro-β-carboline-piperazinedione scaffolds were synthesized. All compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit PDE5 in vitro, and numerous compounds with IC(50) values in the low nanomolar range were identified including compounds derived from l-tryptophan. Compounds with high potency versus PDE5 were then evaluated for inhibitory activity against other PDEs to assess isozyme selectivity. Compound 5R,11aS-5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-ethyl-5,6,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[1',5':1,6]pyrido[3,4-b]indole-1,3(2H)dione 14 showed a selectivity index of >200 for cGMP hydrolysis by PDE5 versus PDE11. Meanwhile, 6R,12aR-6-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-ethyl-2,3,6,7,12,12a-hexahydropyrazino[1',2':1,6]pyrido[3,4-b]indole-1,4dione 45 demonstrated strong potency for inhibition of PDE11 with an IC(50) value of 11 nM, representing the most potent PDE11 inhibitor thus far reported. Docking experiments differentiated between active and inactive analogues and revealing the conformational, steric, and lipophilic necessities for potent PDE5 inhibition. Many derivatives, including potent PDE5 inhibitors, were able to inhibit the growth of the MDA-MB-231 breast tumor cell line with low micromolar potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
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Abstract
A convergent, efficient synthesis of syringolin A has been accomplished in 13 steps from commercially available materials, Garner's aldehyde and L-valine. The unnatural 3,4-dehydrolysine fragment was prepared using successive Johnson-Claisen/Curtius rearrangement reactions. The macrolactamization and late-stage introduction of the side chain will provide convenient access to analogues of this promising proteasome inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Chanda K, Chou CT, Lai JJ, Lin SF, Yellol GS, Sun CM. Traceless synthesis of diketopiperazine fused tetrahydro-β-carbolines on soluble polymer support. Mol Divers 2010; 15:569-81. [PMID: 20936530 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-010-9284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Pictet-Spengler reaction, using polyethylene glycol immobilized tryptophan ester with a variety of ketones, was achieved by refluxing condition in acidic chloroform. The linear as well as cyclic ketones were employed. All the ketones were reacted within 6-8 h to furnish soluble polymer-supported tetrahydro-β-carboline in good yields. Further expansion at N-terminus of tetrahydro-β-carbolines was achieved through a reaction with chloroacetyl chloride. Finally, the 2,5-diketopiperazine skeleton was constructed over a β-carboline by amination of the resulting N-chloroacetamides and subsequent intramolecular cyclization leading to cleavage of the polymer; constitutes a traceless synthesis of tetracyclic molecular architecture. Significantly, this strategy affords a straightforward and efficient approach for the construction of biological promising molecules with high purity and good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, 300-10, Taiwan, ROC
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41
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Abadi AH, Gary BD, Tinsley HN, Piazza GA, Abdel-Halim M. Synthesis, molecular modeling and biological evaluation of novel tadalafil analogues as phosphodiesterase 5 and colon tumor cell growth inhibitors, new stereochemical perspective. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:1278-86. [PMID: 20206015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2009] [Revised: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of novel tadalafil analogues in which the benzodioxole moiety is replaced by 2-bromophenyl; the chiral carbons swing from R,R to R,S, S,R and S,S; the piperazinedione ring is maintained or reduced to the 5-membered imidazolidinedione or thioxoimidazolinone is described. The prepared analogues were evaluated for their capacity to inhibit the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) selective phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) isozyme and the growth of human HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma cells. The R absolute configuration of C-5 in the beta-carboline-hydantoin and C-6 in the beta-carboline-piperazinedione derivatives was found to be essential for the PDE5 inhibition. In addition, tadalafil analogues that were synthesized from l-tryptophan were more active than those derived from d-tryptophan, which is of economic value and expands the horizon for the discovery of new carbolines as PDE5 inhibitors. While some analogues displayed potent tumor cell growth inhibitory activity, there was no apparent correlation with their PDE5 inhibitory activity, which leads us to conclude that other PDE isozymes or PDE5 splice variants may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf H Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt.
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42
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Svetlik J, Veizerová L, Mayer TU, Catarinella M. Monastrol analogs: A synthesis of pyrazolopyridine, benzopyranopyrazolopyridine, and oxygen-bridged azolopyrimidine derivatives and their biological screening. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:4073-6. [PMID: 20542426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Liu J, Jiang X, Zhao M, Zhang X, Zheng M, Peng L, Peng S. A class of 3S-2-aminoacyltetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acids: their facile synthesis, inhibition for platelet activation, and high in vivo anti-thrombotic potency. J Med Chem 2010; 53:3106-16. [PMID: 20329729 DOI: 10.1021/jm901816j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
3S-Tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (TCCA) effectively inhibits ADP-induced platelet activation. This paper used TCCA as a lead, modified its 2-position with amino acids, and provided 20 novel 3S-2-aminoacyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acids (5a-t). With the in vitro assay, it was demonstrated that this modification diminished the IC(50) values from 701 nM of TCCA to 10 nM of 5a-t. With the in vivo assay, it was demonstrated that this modification reduced the efficacious dose from 5.0 micromol/kg of TCCA to 0.1 micromol/kg of 5a-t. Comparing the Cerius based conformation of them with that of their analogues, the 3-position modified TCCA, it was suggested that the comparatively unfolded conformation was one of the important factors of enhancing the in vivo antithrombotic potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawang Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
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44
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Kim ED, Buckley R, Learman S, Richard J, Parke C, Worthylake DK, Wojcik EJ, Walker RA, Kim S. Allosteric drug discrimination is coupled to mechanochemical changes in the kinesin-5 motor core. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:18650-61. [PMID: 20299460 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.092072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential in mitosis, the human Kinesin-5 protein is a target for >80 classes of allosteric compounds that bind to a surface-exposed site formed by the L5 loop. Not established is why there are differing efficacies in drug inhibition. Here we compare the ligand-bound states of two L5-directed inhibitors against 15 Kinesin-5 mutants by ATPase assays and IR spectroscopy. Biochemical kinetics uncovers functional differences between individual residues at the N or C termini of the L5 loop. Infrared evaluation of solution structures and multivariate analysis of the vibrational spectra reveal that mutation and/or ligand binding not only can remodel the allosteric binding surface but also can transmit long range effects. Changes in L5-localized 3(10) helix and disordered content, regardless of substitution or drug potency, are experimentally detected. Principal component analysis couples these local structural events to two types of rearrangements in beta-sheet hydrogen bonding. These transformations in beta-sheet contacts are correlated with inhibitory drug response and are corroborated by wild type Kinesin-5 crystal structures. Despite considerable evolutionary divergence, our data directly support a theorized conserved element for long distance mechanochemical coupling in kinesin, myosin, and F(1)-ATPase. These findings also suggest that these relatively rapid IR approaches can provide structural biomarkers for clinical determination of drug sensitivity and drug efficacy in nucleotide triphosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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45
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Xiao S, Shi XX, Ni F, Xing J, Yan JJ, Liu SL. An Efficient and General Method for the Stereodivergent Syntheses of Tadalafil-Like Tetracyclic Compounds. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200901378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Xiao S, Shi XX. The first highly stereoselective approach to the mitotic kinesin Eg5 inhibitor HR22C16 and its analogues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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47
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Catarinella M, Grüner T, Strittmatter T, Marx A, Mayer TU. BTB-1: a small molecule inhibitor of the mitotic motor protein Kif18A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 48:9072-6. [PMID: 19856362 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200904510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Catarinella
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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48
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Abstract
Mitosis is the process by which a cell divides its genetic material equally into two daughter cells. Successful division requires that the two identical sister chromatids of a mitotic chromosome attach to the plus-ends of spindle microtubules (MTs) via their kinetochores, which are large protein structures built on centromeric DNA. Attachments between kinetochores and MTs must be persistent so that forces can be generated for chromosome movements, but at the same time they must be compliant, because attached MT plus-ends continuously polymerize and depolymerize to provide force for chromosome congression to the spindle equator. Both the attachment stability of kinetochore-MTs and the degree of dynamic instability exhibited by kinetochore-MTs must be precisely controlled to avoid errors in chromosome segregation. This chapter provides an overview of techniques used in cultured mammalian cells that measure stability and polymerization/depolymerization dynamics of kinetochore-MTs during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer G DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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Abadi AH, Abouel-Ella DA, Ahmed NS, Gary BD, Thaiparambil JT, Tinsley HN, Keeton AB, Piazza GA. Synthesis of novel tadalafil analogues and their evaluation as phosphodiesterase inhibitors and anticancer agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 59:415-21. [PMID: 19813465 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1296417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Two closely related series of novel beta-carboline derivatives, electronically similar to tadalafil (CAS 171596-29-5), were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory effects upon phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) and phosphodiesterase 11 (PDE11) and their in vitro tumor cell growth inhibitory activity versus HT29 colorectal carcinoma cell line. Interestingly, some of the synthesized compounds showed growth inhibitory properties that appear to be associated with their ability to inhibit PDE5. Moreover, the PDE5 inhibition seems relevant to the stereochemical aspects of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf H Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.
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Catarinella M, Grüner T, Strittmatter T, Marx A, Mayer T. BTB-1, ein niedermolekularer Inhibitor des mitotischen Motorproteins Kif18A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200904510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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