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Biomimetic Self-Assembled Chiral Inorganic Nanomaterials: A New Strategy for Solving Medical Problems. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7040165. [PMID: 36278722 PMCID: PMC9624310 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7040165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid expansion of the study of chiral inorganic structures has led to the extension of the functional boundaries of inorganic materials. Nature-inspired self-assembled chiral inorganic structures exhibit diverse morphologies due to their high assembly efficiency and controlled assembly process, and they exhibit superior inherent properties such as mechanical properties, chiral optical activity, and chiral fluorescence. Although chiral self-assembled inorganic structures are becoming more mature in chiral catalysis and chiral optical regulation, biomedical research is still in its infancy. In this paper, various forms of chiral self-assembled inorganic structures are summarized, which provides a structural starting point for various applications of chiral self-assembly inorganic structures in biomedical fields. Based on the few existing research statuses and mechanism discussions on the chiral self-assembled materials-mediated regulation of cell behavior, molecular probes, and tumor therapy, this paper provides guidance for future chiral self-assembled structures to solve the same or similar medical problems. In the field of chiral photonics, chiral self-assembled structures exhibit a chirality-induced selection effect, while selectivity is exhibited by chiral isomers in the medical field. It is worth considering whether there is some correspondence or juxtaposition between these phenomena. Future chiral self-assembled structures in medicine will focus on the precise treatment of tumors, induction of soft and hard tissue regeneration, explanation of the biochemical mechanisms and processes of its medical effects, and improvement of related theories.
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Baud D, Tappertzhofen N, Moody TS, Ward JM, Hailes HC. Stereoselective Transaminase‐Mediated Synthesis of Serotonin and Melatonin Receptor Agonists. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Baud
- Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Nadine Tappertzhofen
- Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Thomas S. Moody
- Almac Department of Biocatalysis & Isotope Chemistry 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate Craigavon BT63 5QD N. Ireland, U.K
- Arran Chemical Company Limited Unit 1 Monksland Industrial Estate Athlone Co. Roscommon Ireland
| | - John M. Ward
- University College London Department of Biochemical Engineering Bernard Katz Building London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Helen C. Hailes
- Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
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Elisi GM, Scalvini L, Lodola A, Bedini A, Spadoni G, Rivara S. In silico drug discovery of melatonin receptor ligands with therapeutic potential. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:343-354. [PMID: 35255751 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2043846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The neurohormone melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) regulates circadian rhythms exerting a variety of effects in the central nervous system and in periphery. These activities are mainly mediated by activation of MT1 and MT2 GPCRs. MT1/MT2 agonist compounds are used clinically for insomnia, depression, and circadian rhythm disturbances. AREA COVERED The following review describes the design strategies that have led to the identification of melatonin receptor ligands, guided by in silico approaches and molecular modeling. Initial ligand-based design, mainly relying on pharmacophore modeling and 3D-QSAR, has been flanked by structure-based virtual screening, given the recent availability of MT1 and MT2 crystal structures. Receptor ligands with different activity profiles, agonist/antagonist and subtype-selective compounds, are available. EXPERT OPINION An insight on the pharmacological characterization and therapeutic perspectives for relevant ligands is provided. In silico drug discovery has been instrumental in the design of novel ligands targeting melatonin receptors. Ligand-based approaches has led to the construction of a solid framework defining structure-activity relationships to obtain compounds with a tailored pharmacological profile. Structure-based techniques could integrate previous knowledge and provide compounds with novel chemotypes and pharmacological activity as drug candidates for disease conditions in which melatonin receptor ligands are currently being investigated, including cancer and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Marco Elisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Scalvini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessio Lodola
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Annalida Bedini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Gilberto Spadoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
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Chiral Recognition of Flexible Melatonin Receptor Ligands Induced by Conformational Equilibria. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184057. [PMID: 32899888 PMCID: PMC7570888 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
N-anilinoethylamides are a class of melatoninergic agents with the aniline portion mimicking the indole ring of the natural ligand and the ethylamide chain reproducing that of melatonin. The simplest compound in this class, N-{2-[(3-methoxyphenyl)methylamino]ethyl}acetamide (UCM793), has nanomolar binding affinity for MT1 and MT2 membrane receptors. To explore the effect of chain conformation on receptor binding, a methyl group was inserted on the methylene alpha or beta to the amide nitrogen and conformational equilibria were investigated by NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. Receptor affinity was conserved only for the beta-methyl derivative, which also showed significant stereoselectivity, with the (S) enantiomer being the eutomer. Molecular dynamics simulations, validated by NMR spectroscopy, showed that the beta-methyl group affects the conformational preferences of the ethylamide chain. Docking into the receptor crystal structure provides a rationale for the observed chiral recognition, suggesting that the (S)-beta-methyl group favors the conformation that better fits the receptor binding site.
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Rivara S, Scalvini L, Lodola A, Mor M, Caignard DH, Delagrange P, Collina S, Lucini V, Scaglione F, Furiassi L, Mari M, Lucarini S, Bedini A, Spadoni G. Tetrahydroquinoline Ring as a Versatile Bioisostere of Tetralin for Melatonin Receptor Ligands. J Med Chem 2018; 61:3726-3737. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rivara
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Scalvini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessio Lodola
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Daniel-Henri Caignard
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Philippe Delagrange
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Simona Collina
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Valeria Lucini
- Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Scaglione
- Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Furiassi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Michele Mari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Simone Lucarini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Annalida Bedini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Gilberto Spadoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
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6
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Alkozi HA, Sánchez Montero JM, Doadrio AL, Pintor J. Docking studies for melatonin receptors. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 13:241-248. [PMID: 29271261 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1419184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Melatonin is a neurohormone that controls many relevant physiological processes beyond the control of circadian rhythms. Melatonin's actions are carried out by two main types of melatonin receptors; MT1 and MT2. These receptors are important, and not just because of the biological actions of its natural agonist; but also, because melatonin analogues can improve or antagonize their biological effect. Area covered: The following article describes the importance of melatonin as a biologically relevant molecule. It also defines the receptors for this substance, as well as the second messengers coupled to these receptors. Lastly, the article describes the amino acid residues involved in the docking process in both MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors. Expert opinion: The biological actions of melatonin and their interpretations are becoming more relevant and therefore require the development of new pharmacological tools. Understanding the second messenger mechanisms involved in melatonin actions, as well as the characteristics of the docking of this molecule to MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors, will permit the development of more selective agonists and antagonists which will help us to better understand this molecule as well to develop new therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Awad Alkozi
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Faculty of Optometry , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - José Maria Sánchez Montero
- b Department of Organic Chemistry and Pharmaceutical, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ciudad Universitaria , Madrid , Spain
| | - Antonio Luis Doadrio
- c Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Bioorganic, Faculty of Pharmacy , University Complutense of Madrid , Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid , Spain
| | - Jesus Pintor
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Faculty of Optometry , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
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7
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Talele TT. The "Cyclopropyl Fragment" is a Versatile Player that Frequently Appears in Preclinical/Clinical Drug Molecules. J Med Chem 2016; 59:8712-8756. [PMID: 27299736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 558] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been an increasing use of the cyclopropyl ring in drug development to transition drug candidates from the preclinical to clinical stage. Important features of the cyclopropane ring are, the (1) coplanarity of the three carbon atoms, (2) relatively shorter (1.51 Å) C-C bonds, (3) enhanced π-character of C-C bonds, and (4) C-H bonds are shorter and stronger than those in alkanes. The present review will focus on the contributions that a cyclopropyl ring makes to the properties of drugs containing it. Consequently, the cyclopropyl ring addresses multiple roadblocks that can occur during drug discovery such as (a) enhancing potency, (b) reducing off-target effects,
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaji T Talele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University , 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, New York 11439, United States
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8
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New coumarin-based fluorescent melatonin ligands. Design, synthesis and pharmacological characterization. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 103:370-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Spadoni G, Bedini A, Lucarini S, Mari M, Caignard DH, Boutin JA, Delagrange P, Lucini V, Scaglione F, Lodola A, Zanardi F, Pala D, Mor M, Rivara S. Highly Potent and Selective MT2 Melatonin Receptor Full Agonists from Conformational Analysis of 1-Benzyl-2-acylaminomethyl-tetrahydroquinolines. J Med Chem 2015; 58:7512-25. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Spadoni
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Annalida Bedini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Simone Lucarini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Michele Mari
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Daniel-Henri Caignard
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Jean A. Boutin
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Philippe Delagrange
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Valeria Lucini
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Scaglione
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessio Lodola
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area
delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Franca Zanardi
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area
delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Pala
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area
delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area
delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area
delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
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10
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de la Fuente Revenga M, Fernández-Sáez N, Herrera-Arozamena C, Morales-García JA, Alonso-Gil S, Pérez-Castillo A, Caignard DH, Rivara S, Rodríguez-Franco MI. Novel N-Acetyl Bioisosteres of Melatonin: Melatonergic Receptor Pharmacology, Physicochemical Studies, and Phenotypic Assessment of Their Neurogenic Potential. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4998-5014. [PMID: 26023814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein we present a new family of melatonin-based compounds, in which the acetamido group of melatonin has been bioisosterically replaced by a series of reversed amides and azoles, such as oxazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, and 1,3,4-oxadiazole, as well as other related five-membered heterocycles, namely, 1,3,4-oxadiazol(thio)ones, 1,3,4-triazol(thio)ones, and an 1,3,4-thiadiazole. New compounds were fully characterized at melatonin receptors (MT1R and MT2R), and results were rationalized by superimposition studies of their structures to the bioactive conformation of melatonin. We also found that several of these melatonin-based compounds promoted differentiation of rat neural stem cells to a neuronal phenotype in vitro, in some cases to a higher extent than melatonin. This unique profile constitutes the starting point for further pharmacological studies to assess the mechanistic pathways and the relevance of neurogenesis induced by melatonin-related structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario de la Fuente Revenga
- †Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Fernández-Sáez
- †Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Herrera-Arozamena
- †Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Morales-García
- ‡Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIB-CSIC), C/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,§Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), C/Valderrebollo 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Alonso-Gil
- ‡Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIB-CSIC), C/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,§Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), C/Valderrebollo 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez-Castillo
- ‡Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIB-CSIC), C/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,§Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), C/Valderrebollo 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel-Henri Caignard
- ∥Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Silvia Rivara
- ⊥Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - María Isabel Rodríguez-Franco
- †Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Ettaoussi M, Pérès B, Jarry C, Nosjean O, Boutin JA, Gohier A, Mannoury la Cour C, Caignard DH, Delagrange P, Berthelot P, Yous S. Synthesis, chiral resolution, absolute configuration assignment and pharmacological evaluation of a series of melatoninergic ligands. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00149d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
(−)-R-Enantiomers of agomelatine analogues were more potent at serotonin 5-HT2C receptors than (+)-S-enantiomers, and showed antidepressant-like properties in a tail suspension test.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Basile Pérès
- Univ Lille Nord de France
- , France
- UDSL
- EA GRIIOT
- UFR Pharmacie
| | | | - Olivier Nosjean
- Biotechnologies
- Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire
- Institut de Recherches Servier
- , France
| | - Jean A. Boutin
- Biotechnologies
- Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire
- Institut de Recherches Servier
- , France
| | - Arnaud Gohier
- Département des Sciences Expérimentales
- Institut de Recherches Servier
- , France
| | | | | | - Philippe Delagrange
- Département des Sciences Expérimentales
- Institut de Recherches Servier
- , France
| | | | - Saïd Yous
- Univ Lille Nord de France
- , France
- UDSL
- EA GRIIOT
- UFR Pharmacie
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12
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Zlotos DP, Jockers R, Cecon E, Rivara S, Witt-Enderby PA. MT1 and MT2 Melatonin Receptors: Ligands, Models, Oligomers, and Therapeutic Potential. J Med Chem 2013; 57:3161-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401343c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darius. P. Zlotos
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Inserm, U1016,
Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR
8104, Paris, France
- Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Erika Cecon
- Department
of Physiology, Institute of Bioscience, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area
delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Paula A. Witt-Enderby
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, 421 Mellon Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
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13
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Homology models of melatonin receptors: challenges and recent advances. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:8093-121. [PMID: 23584026 PMCID: PMC3645733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14048093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin exerts many of its actions through the activation of two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), named MT1 and MT2. So far, a number of different MT1 and MT2 receptor homology models, built either from the prototypic structure of rhodopsin or from recently solved X-ray structures of druggable GPCRs, have been proposed. These receptor models differ in the binding modes hypothesized for melatonin and melatonergic ligands, with distinct patterns of ligand-receptor interactions and putative bioactive conformations of ligands. The receptor models will be described, and they will be discussed in light of the available information from mutagenesis experiments and ligand-based pharmacophore models. The ability of these ligand-receptor complexes to rationalize structure-activity relationships of known series of melatonergic compounds will be commented upon.
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14
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Pala D, Beuming T, Sherman W, Lodola A, Rivara S, Mor M. Structure-based virtual screening of MT2 melatonin receptor: influence of template choice and structural refinement. J Chem Inf Model 2013; 53:821-35. [PMID: 23541165 DOI: 10.1021/ci4000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Developing GPCR homology models for structure-based virtual screening requires the choice of a suitable template and refinement of binding site residues. We explored this systematically for the MT2 melatonin receptor, with the aim to build a receptor homology model that is optimized for the enrichment of active melatoninergic ligands. A set of 12 MT2 melatonin receptor models was built using different GPCR X-ray structural templates and submitted to a virtual screening campaign on a set of compounds composed of 29 known melatonin receptor ligands and 2560 drug-like decoys. To evaluate the effect of including a priori information in receptor models, 12 representative melatonin receptor ligands were placed into the MT2 receptor models in poses consistent with known mutagenesis data and with assessed pharmacophore models. The receptor structures were then adapted to the ligands by induced-fit docking. Most of the 144 ligand-adapted MT2 receptor models showed significant improvements in screening enrichments compared to the unrefined homology models, with some template/refinement combinations giving excellent enrichment factors. The discriminating ability of the models was further tested on the 29 active ligands plus a set of 21 inactive or low-affinity compounds from the same chemical classes. Rotameric states of side chains for some residues, presumed to be involved in the binding process, were correlated with screening effectiveness, suggesting the existence of specific receptor conformations able to recognize active compounds. The top MT2 receptor model was able to identify 24 of 29 active ligands among the first 2% of the screened database. This work provides insights into the use of refined GPCR homology models for virtual screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Pala
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
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15
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Al-Omary FAM. Melatonin: comprehensive profile. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2013; 38:159-226. [PMID: 23668405 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407691-4.00005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This chapter includes the aspects of melatonin. The drug is synthesized in the pineal gland starting from tryptophane or synthetically by using indole as starting material. Melatonin has been used as an adjunct to interleukin-2 therapy for malignant neoplasms, as contraceptive, in the management of various forms of insomnia, to alleviate jet lag following long flights, and finally as free radical scavenger and hence as an antioxidant and an anti-inflammatory. The chapter discusses the drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics and presents various method of analysis of this drug such as biological analysis, spectroscopic analysis, and chromatographic techniques of separation. It also discusses its physical properties such as solubility characteristics, X-ray powder diffraction pattern, and thermal methods of analysis. The chapter is concluded with a discussion on its biological properties such as activity, toxicity, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatmah A M Al-Omary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Rivara S, Pala D, Lodola A, Mor M, Lucini V, Dugnani S, Scaglione F, Bedini A, Lucarini S, Tarzia G, Spadoni G. MT1-Selective Melatonin Receptor Ligands: Synthesis, Pharmacological Evaluation, and Molecular Dynamics Investigation ofN-{[(3-O-Substituted)anilino]alkyl}amides. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:1954-64. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Spadoni G, Bedini A, Rivara S, Mor M. Melatonin receptor agonists: new options for insomnia and depression treatment. CNS Neurosci Ther 2012; 17:733-41. [PMID: 21554566 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2010.00197.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian nature of melatonin (MLT) secretion, coupled with the localization of MLT receptors to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, has led to numerous studies of the role of MLT in modulation of the sleep-wake cycle and circadian rhythms in humans. Although much more needs to be understood about the various functions exerted by MLT and its mechanisms of action, three therapeutic agents (ramelteon, prolonged-release MLT, and agomelatine) are already in use, and MLT receptor agonists are now appearing as new promising treatment options for sleep and circadian-rhythm related disorders. In this review, emphasis has been placed on medicinal chemistry strategies leading to MLT receptor agonists, and on the evidence supporting therapeutic efficacy of compounds undergoing clinical evaluation. A wide range of clinical trials demonstrated that ramelteon, prolonged-release MLT and tasimelteon have sleep-promoting effects, providing an important treatment option for insomnia and transient insomnia, even if the improvements of sleep maintenance appear moderate. Well-documented effects of agomelatine suggest that this MLT agonist offers an attractive alternative for the treatment of depression, combining efficacy with a favorable side effect profile. Despite a large number of high affinity nonselective MLT receptor agonists, only limited data on MT₁ or MT₂ subtype-selective compounds are available up to now. Administration of the MT₂-selective agonist IIK7 to rats has proved to decrease NREM sleep onset latency, suggesting that MT₂ receptor subtype is involved in the acute sleep-promoting action of MLT; rigorous clinical studies are needed to demonstrate this hypothesis. Further clinical candidates based on selective activation of MT₁ or MT₂ receptors are expected in coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Spadoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU), Italy.
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18
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Bedini A, Lucarini S, Spadoni G, Tarzia G, Scaglione F, Dugnani S, Pannacci M, Lucini V, Carmi C, Pala D, Rivara S, Mor M. Toward the Definition of Stereochemical Requirements for MT2-Selective Antagonists and Partial Agonists by Studying 4-Phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin Derivatives. J Med Chem 2011; 54:8362-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jm200790v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annalida Bedini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Simone Lucarini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Gilberto Spadoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Tarzia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Francesco Scaglione
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia,
Chemioterapia e Tossicologia Medica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano,
Italy
| | - Silvana Dugnani
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia,
Chemioterapia e Tossicologia Medica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano,
Italy
| | - Marilou Pannacci
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia,
Chemioterapia e Tossicologia Medica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano,
Italy
| | - Valeria Lucini
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia,
Chemioterapia e Tossicologia Medica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano,
Italy
| | - Caterina Carmi
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale G. P.
Usberti 27/A Campus Universitario, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Pala
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale G. P.
Usberti 27/A Campus Universitario, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale G. P.
Usberti 27/A Campus Universitario, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale G. P.
Usberti 27/A Campus Universitario, I-43124 Parma, Italy
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19
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Li G, Zhou H, Jiang Y, Keim H, Topiol SW, Poda SB, Ren Y, Chandrasena G, Doller D. Design and synthesis of 4-arylpiperidinyl amide and N-arylpiperdin-3-yl-cyclopropane carboxamide derivatives as novel melatonin receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1236-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Mor M, Rivara S, Pala D, Bedini A, Spadoni G, Tarzia G. Recent advances in the development of melatonin MT1and MT2receptor agonists. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2010; 20:1059-77. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2010.496455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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21
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Csontos J, Kálmán P, Tasi G, Kálmán M, Murphy RF, Lovas S. The effect of electron correlation on the conformational space of melatonin. J Comput Chem 2008; 29:1466-71. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.20907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Spadoni G, Bedini A, Diamantini G, Tarzia G, Rivara S, Lorenzi S, Lodola A, Mor M, Lucini V, Pannacci M, Caronno A, Fraschini F. Synthesis, Enantiomeric Resolution, and Structure–Activity Relationship Study of a Series of 10,11-Dihydro-5H-Dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene MT2 Receptor Antagonists. ChemMedChem 2007; 2:1741-9. [PMID: 17907131 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200700141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Racemic N-(8-methoxy-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-10-ylmethyl)acetamide (compound 5) was previously identified as a novel selective MT(2) antagonist fulfilling the requirements of pharmacophore and 3D QSAR models. In this study the enantiomers of 5 were separated by medium-pressure liquid chromatography and behaved as the racemate. Compound 5 was modified at the acylaminomethyl side chain and at position C8. The resulting analogues generally behaved as melatonin receptor antagonists (GTPgammaS test) with a modest degree of selectivity (up to 10-fold) for the MT(2) receptor. Changes at the amide side chain led to a decrease in binding affinity, whereas 8-acetyl and 8-methyl derivatives 12 and 11, respectively, were as potent as the 8-methoxy parent compound 5. Docking experiments with an MT(2) receptor model suggested binding modes consistent with the observed SARs and with the lack of selectivity of the enantiomers of 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Spadoni
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, V.le G. P. Usberti 27A, Campus Universitario, 43100 Parma, Italy
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23
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de Lima VR, Caro MSB, Tavares MIB, Creczynski-Pasa TB. Melatonin location in egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes: possible relation to its antioxidant mechanisms. J Pineal Res 2007; 43:276-82. [PMID: 17803525 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2007.00474.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although it is known that the antioxidant properties of melatonin can be modulated by its effect on membrane fluidity, there are few studies on this subject reported in the literature and they are controversial. In this study, viscosimetry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques were used to determine melatonin's effect and location on egg phosphatidylcholine bilayers mobility. Melatonin decreases the dynamic viscosity of the lipid dispersion. (31)P-NMR line width analysis indicated that melatonin induces a slight but uniform restriction of the lipid motional freedom in the polar head. However, melatonin changes in choline (13)C dynamics was only observed through chemical shift analysis. On the other hand, melatonin can induce an increase in the lipid nonpolar chain mobility, as observed by (13)C and (1)H relaxation time analysis. These results suggest the interfacial location of melatonin in the membrane. Additionally, the results of the analysis of the lipid (1)H-fitted exponential relaxation times suggest that melatonin promotes a molecular rearrangement of the bilayers. The melatonin effect and location in the lipid membrane may explain its antioxidant properties against lipid peroxidation induced by reactive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Rodrigues de Lima
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Hirsch-Rodriguez E, Imbesi M, Manev R, Uz T, Manev H. The pattern of melatonin receptor expression in the brain may influence antidepressant treatment. Med Hypotheses 2007; 69:120-4. [PMID: 17197111 PMCID: PMC1950672 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2006.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2006] [Accepted: 11/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The pineal hormone melatonin produces most of its biological effects via G protein-coupled receptors MT1 and MT2. In mammals, these receptors are expressed in various tissues and organs including in the brain. Recent research points to a putative role of MT1/MT2 dimerization as a mechanism that could determine the receptor-mediated biological effects of melatonin. Brain content and the ratios between MT1 and MT2 receptors are affected by illness, e.g., Alzheimer's disease, and by prolonged drug treatment, e.g., antidepressants. New drugs with antidepressant properties that bind and activate melatonin receptors have been discovered. We hypothesize that endogenous, i.e., low, levels of melatonin could contribute to antidepressant effects depending on the expression pattern of melatonin receptors in the brain. Hence, we propose that a prolonged treatment with classical antidepressant drugs alters the brain ratio of MT1/MT2 receptors to enable the endogenous melatonin, which is secreted during the night, to further improve the antidepressant effects. A corollary of this hypothesis is that antidepressants would be less effective in conditions of pathologically altered brain melatonin receptors, e.g., in Alzheimer's patients or due to genetic polymorphisms. If our hypothesis is confirmed, supplementing classical antidepressant treatment with an appropriate dose of a melatonin receptor agonist might be used to improve antidepressant effects in subjects with a susceptible pattern of brain melatonin receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hirsch-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and the Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor Street, M/C912, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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