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Semeraro M, Boubaker G, Scaccaglia M, Müller J, Vigneswaran A, Hänggeli KPA, Amdouni Y, Kramer LH, Vismarra A, Genchi M, Pelosi G, Bisceglie F, Heller M, Uldry AC, Braga-Lagache S, Hemphill A. Transient Adaptation of Toxoplasma gondii to Exposure by Thiosemicarbazone Drugs That Target Ribosomal Proteins Is Associated with the Upregulated Expression of Tachyzoite Transmembrane Proteins and Transporters. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9067. [PMID: 39201756 PMCID: PMC11354806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Thiosemicarbazones and their metal complexes have been studied for their biological activities against bacteria, cancer cells and protozoa. Short-term in vitro treatment with one gold (III) complex (C3) and its salicyl-thiosemicarbazone ligand (C4) selectively inhibited proliferation of T. gondii. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) detected transient structural alterations in the parasitophorous vacuole membrane and the tachyzoite cytoplasm, but the mitochondrial membrane potential appeared unaffected by these compounds. Proteins potentially interacting with C3 and C4 were identified using differential affinity chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (DAC-MS). Moreover, long-term in vitro treatment was performed to investigate parasitostatic or parasiticidal activity of the compounds. DAC-MS identified 50 ribosomal proteins binding both compounds, and continuous drug treatments for up to 6 days caused the loss of efficacy. Parasite tolerance to both compounds was, however, rapidly lost in their absence and regained shortly after re-exposure. Proteome analyses of six T. gondii ME49 clones adapted to C3 and C4 compared to the non-adapted wildtype revealed overexpression of ribosomal proteins, of two transmembrane proteins involved in exocytosis and of an alpha/beta hydrolase fold domain-containing protein. Results suggest that C3 and C4 may interfere with protein biosynthesis and that adaptation may be associated with the upregulated expression of tachyzoite transmembrane proteins and transporters, suggesting that the in vitro drug tolerance in T. gondii might be due to reversible, non-drug specific stress-responses mediated by phenotypic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Semeraro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Sciences, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (M.S.); (L.H.K.); (A.V.); (M.G.)
| | - Ghalia Boubaker
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggass-Strasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (J.M.); (A.V.); (K.P.A.H.); (Y.A.)
| | - Mirco Scaccaglia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 11/a, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.S.); (G.P.); (F.B.)
| | - Joachim Müller
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggass-Strasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (J.M.); (A.V.); (K.P.A.H.); (Y.A.)
| | - Anitha Vigneswaran
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggass-Strasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (J.M.); (A.V.); (K.P.A.H.); (Y.A.)
| | - Kai Pascal Alexander Hänggeli
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggass-Strasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (J.M.); (A.V.); (K.P.A.H.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yosra Amdouni
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggass-Strasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (J.M.); (A.V.); (K.P.A.H.); (Y.A.)
| | - Laura Helen Kramer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Sciences, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (M.S.); (L.H.K.); (A.V.); (M.G.)
| | - Alice Vismarra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Sciences, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (M.S.); (L.H.K.); (A.V.); (M.G.)
| | - Marco Genchi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Sciences, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (M.S.); (L.H.K.); (A.V.); (M.G.)
| | - Giorgio Pelosi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 11/a, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.S.); (G.P.); (F.B.)
| | - Franco Bisceglie
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 11/a, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.S.); (G.P.); (F.B.)
| | - Manfred Heller
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Länggass-Strasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (M.H.); (A.-C.U.); (S.B.-L.)
| | - Anne-Christine Uldry
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Länggass-Strasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (M.H.); (A.-C.U.); (S.B.-L.)
| | - Sophie Braga-Lagache
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Länggass-Strasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (M.H.); (A.-C.U.); (S.B.-L.)
| | - Andrew Hemphill
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggass-Strasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (J.M.); (A.V.); (K.P.A.H.); (Y.A.)
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Mansour AM, Khaled RM, Radacki K, Shehab OR, Mostafa GAE, Ali EA, Abo-Elfadl MT. Palladium(II) Complexes of 4-Phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone Ligands: Insights Into Cytotoxic Properties and Mode of Cell Death. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400363. [PMID: 38470083 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Reactions between sodium tetrachloropalladate and 2- (or 4-) substituted 4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone ligands (HLR), with various electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents (R = OCH3, NO2, and Cl), afford square-planar complexes of the general formula [Pd(LR)2]. Ground-state geometry optimization and the vibrational analysis of cis- and trans-isomers of the complexes were carried out to get an insight into the stereochemistry of the complexes. Natural bond orbital analysis was used to analyze how the nature of the substituent affects the natural charge of the metal center, the type of hybridization, and the strength of the M-N and M-S bonds. Using spectrophotometry, the stability of the complexes, and their DNA binding abilities were assessed. The Pd(II) complexes showed moderate cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and Caco-2 cell lines, two of the assessed malignant cell lines, resulting in all known cell death types, including early apoptotic bodies and late apoptotic vacuoles as well as evident necrotic bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Mansour
- Department of Chemistry, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabaa M Khaled
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Gamma Street, Giza, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ola R Shehab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Gamma Street, Giza, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - Gamal A E Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam A Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud T Abo-Elfadl
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
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Naseem M, Rafique H, Tayyab M, Saeed A, Mumtaz A. Design, Synthesis, QSAR Studies, and Molecular Modeling of Some Novel Bis Methyl 2-[3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-terephthaloyl-bis-4-oxo-thiazolidin- 5-ylidene]acetates and Screening of their Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibition Properties. Curr Org Synth 2024; 21:917-927. [PMID: 37670713 DOI: 10.2174/1570179421666230905094559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Benzothiazolamine-based bisthiourea precursors were prepared in good yields. These bisthiourea derivatives were cyclized into symmetrical Bis Methyl 2-[3-(benzothiazol- 2-yl)-2-terephthaloyl-bis-4-oxo-thiazolidin-5-ylidene]acetates, by their condensation with (DMAD) dimethyl but-2-meditate in the presence of dry methanol. MATERIALS AND METHODS All these compounds were evaluated for their biological applications. Antioxidant activities were performed by adopting a DPPH radical assay, and an in vitro enzyme inhibition assay was performed to investigate their enzyme inhibitory potential against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). RESULTS Molecular modeling and QSAR studies were performed to monitor the binding propensity of imidathiazolidinone derivatives with enzymes and DNA. Also, electronic and steric descriptors were calculated to determine the effect of structure on the activity of imidathiazolidinone derivatives. CONCLUSION The characterization of all the synthesized compounds was done by their physical data, FT-IR, NMR and elemental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naseem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Hummera Rafique
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tayyab
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Amara Mumtaz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
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Khakpash M, Esfahanizadeh M, Mahboubi-Rabbani M, Amidi S, Kobarfard F. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Thiadiazole Derivatives as Antiplatelet Agents. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2023; 22:e141846. [PMID: 38655234 PMCID: PMC11036646 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-141846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
A novel series of thiadiazole compounds was synthesized through the reaction of thiosemicarbazone intermediates with 2, 3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ). The antiplatelet activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated using an aggregation test with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and arachidonic acid (AA) as platelet aggregation inducers. Among the synthesized analogs, compound 3b exhibited the most potent inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by ADP (half maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 39 ± 11 µM). Molecular docking studies of 3b revealed hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen of the thiadiazole ring and Lys280. The tolyl ring exhibited hydrophobic interactions with Tyr105, similar to the antagonist co-crystallized with P2Y12 (PDB ID: 4NTJ). These compounds have the potential to serve as lead molecules for designing P2Y12 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsima Khakpash
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Esfahanizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahboubi-Rabbani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salimeh Amidi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Synthesis, molecular structure investigation, biological evaluation and docking studies of novel spiro-thiazolidinones. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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6
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Ibáñez-Escribano A, Fonseca-Berzal C, Martínez-Montiel M, Álvarez-Márquez M, Gómez-Núñez M, Lacueva-Arnedo M, Espinosa-Buitrago T, Martín-Pérez T, Escario JA, Merino-Montiel P, Montiel-Smith S, Gómez-Barrio A, López Ó, Fernández-Bolaños JG. Thio- and selenosemicarbazones as antiprotozoal agents against Trypanosoma cruzi and Trichomonas vaginalis. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:781-791. [PMID: 35193444 PMCID: PMC8881069 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2041629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the preparation of a panel of Schiff bases analogues as antiprotozoal agents by modification of the stereoelectronic effects of the substituents on N-1 and N-4 and the nature of the chalcogen atom (S, Se). These compounds were evaluated towards Trypanosoma cruzi and Trichomonas vaginalis. Thiosemicarbazide 31 showed the best trypanocidal profile (epimastigotes), similar to benznidazole (BZ): IC50 (31)=28.72 μM (CL-B5 strain) and 33.65 μM (Y strain), IC50 (BZ)=25.31 μM (CL-B5) and 22.73 μM (Y); it lacked toxicity over mammalian cells (CC50 > 256 µM). Thiosemicarbazones 49, 51 and 63 showed remarkable trichomonacidal effects (IC50 =16.39, 14.84 and 14.89 µM) and no unspecific cytotoxicity towards Vero cells (CC50 ≥ 275 µM). Selenoisosters 74 and 75 presented a slightly enhanced activity (IC50=11.10 and 11.02 µM, respectively). Hydrogenosome membrane potential and structural changes were analysed to get more insight into the trichomonacidal mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ibáñez-Escribano
- Unidad de Parasitología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Fonseca-Berzal
- Unidad de Parasitología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Martínez-Montiel
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Manuel Álvarez-Márquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Gómez-Núñez
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Lacueva-Arnedo
- Unidad de Parasitología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Espinosa-Buitrago
- Unidad de Parasitología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania Martín-Pérez
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - José Antonio Escario
- Unidad de Parasitología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Penélope Merino-Montiel
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Sara Montiel-Smith
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Alicia Gómez-Barrio
- Unidad de Parasitología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Gupta S, Singh N, Khan T, Joshi S. Thiosemicarbazone derivatives of transition metals as multi-target drugs: A review. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Wu RZ, Zhou HY, Song JF, Xia QH, Hu W, Mou XD, Li X. Chemotherapeutics for Toxoplasma gondii: Molecular Biotargets, Binding Modes, and Structure-Activity Relationship Investigations. J Med Chem 2021; 64:17627-17655. [PMID: 34894691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis, an infectious zoonotic disease caused by the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), is a major worldwide health problem. However, there are currently no effective options (chemotherapeutic drugs or prophylactic vaccines) for treating chronic latent toxoplasmosis infection. Accordingly, seeking more effective and safer chemotherapeutics for combating this disease remains a long-term and challenging objective. In this paper, we summarize possible molecular biotargets, with an emphasis on those that are druggable and promising, including, without limitation, calcium-dependent protein kinase 1, bifunctional thymidylate synthase-dihydrofolate reductase, and farnesyl diphosphate synthase. Meanwhile, as important components of medicinal chemistry, the binding modes and structure-activity relationship profiles of the corresponding inhibitors were also illuminated. We anticipate that this information will be helpful for further identification of more effective chemotherapeutic interventions to prevent and treat zoonotic infections caused by T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Zhen Wu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, no. 6699 Qingdao Road, Ji'nan, Shandong 250117, PR China
| | - Huai-Yu Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, no. 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Ji'nan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Jing-Feng Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, no. 1168 Chunrong Xi Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Qiao-Hong Xia
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, no. 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Ji'nan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, no. 72 Binhai Road of JiMo, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Mou
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, no. 6699 Qingdao Road, Ji'nan, Shandong 250117, PR China
| | - Xun Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, no. 6699 Qingdao Road, Ji'nan, Shandong 250117, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100192, PR China
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El-Husseiny WM. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New 3-Phenylthiazolidin-4-One and 3-Phenylthiazole Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2019.1708420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walaa M. El-Husseiny
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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10
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Benmohammed A, Rekiba N, Sehanine Y, Louail AA, Khoumeri O, Kadiri M, Djafri A, Terme T, Vanelle P. Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of new thiosemicarbazones and thiazolidinones in indole series. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-021-02823-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Molina DA, Ramos GA, Zamora-Vélez A, Gallego-López GM, Rocha-Roa C, Gómez-Marin JE, Cortes E. In vitro evaluation of new 4-thiazolidinones on invasion and growth of Toxoplasma gondii. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2021; 16:129-139. [PMID: 34102589 PMCID: PMC8187164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Treatments for toxoplasmosis such as pyrimethamine have shown numerous side effects. It has been reported that the likelihood of relapse associated with pyrimethamine-based therapy in patients with HIV and toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) can have significant implications, even for patients who often develop new lesions in areas of the brain previously free of infection. This led us to research for new agents against Toxoplasma gondii. Recent findings have shown the potent biological activity of 4-thiazolidinones. We proposed to design and synthesize a new series of 2-hydrazono-4-thiazolidinones derivatives to evaluate the in vitro growth inhibition effect on T. gondii. The growth rates of T. gondii tachyzoites in Human Foreskin Fibroblast (HFF) cell culture were identified by two in vitro methodologies. The first one was by fluorescence in which green fluorescent RH parasites and cherry-red fluorescent ME49 parasites were used. The second one was a colorimetric methodology using β-Gal parasites of the RH strain constitutively expressing the enzyme beta-galactosidase. The 4-thiazolidinone derivatives 1B, 2B and 3B showed growth inhibition at the same level of Pyrimethamine. These compounds showed IC50 values of 1B (0.468-0.952 μM), 2B (0.204-0.349 μM) and 3B (0.661-1.015 μM) against T. gondii. As a measure of cytotoxicity the compounds showed a TD50 values of: 1B (60 μM), 2B (206 μM) and 3B (125 μM). The in vitro assays and molecular modeling results suggest that these compounds could act as possible inhibitors of the Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase 1 of T. gondii. Further, our results support the fact that of combining appropriate detection technologies, combinatorial chemistry and computational biology is a good strategy for efficient drug discovery. These compounds merit in vivo analysis for anti-parasitic drug detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Molina
- Grupo GEPAMOL, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, 630004, Colombia.
| | | | - Alejandro Zamora-Vélez
- Grupo GEPAMOL, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, 630004, Colombia
| | - Gina M Gallego-López
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, 53715, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Cristian Rocha-Roa
- Biophysics of Tropical Diseases, Max Planck Tandem Group, University of Antioquia, Medellin, 050010, Colombia
| | - Jorge Enrique Gómez-Marin
- Grupo GEPAMOL, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, 630004, Colombia
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Nayak SG, Poojary B, Kamat V, Puthran D. Novel thiazolidin‐4‐one clubbed thiophene derivatives via Gewald synthesis as anti‐tubercular and anti‐inflammatory agents. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Boja Poojary
- Department of Chemistry Mangalore University Mangaluru Karnataka India
| | - Vinuta Kamat
- Department of Chemistry Mangalore University Mangaluru Karnataka India
| | - Divyaraj Puthran
- Department of Chemistry Mangalore University Mangaluru Karnataka India
- Solara Active Pharma Sciences, Ltd. New Mangalore Karnataka India
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13
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Toan VN, Thanh ND, Khuyen VH, Tu LTC, Tri NM, Huong NTT. N-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)thiosemicarbazones of 6-alkoxy-2-oxo-2H-chromene-4-carbaldehydes: synthesis, evaluation of their antibacterial, anti-MRSA, antifungal activity, and docking study. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02688-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Toan VN, Tri NM, Thanh ND. Substituted 4-Formyl-2H-chromen-2-ones: Their Reaction with N-(2,3,4,6-Tetra-Oacetyl- β-D-galactopyranosyl)thiosemicarbazide, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Their Thiosemicarbazone Products. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999200812132256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several 6- and 7-alkoxy-2-oxo-2H-chromene-4-carbaldehydes were prepared
from corresponding alkyl ethers of 6- and 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-2-ones
by oxidation using selenium dioxide. 6- and 7-Alkoxy-4-methyl-2H-chromenes were obtained
with yields of 57-85%. Corresponding 4-carbaldehyde derivatives were prepared
with yields of 41-67%. Thiosemicarbazones of these aldehydes with D-galactose moiety
were synthesized by reaction of these aldehydes with N-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-Dgalactopyranosyl)
thiosemicarbazide with yields of 62-74%. These thiosemicarbazones
were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities in vitro against bacteria, such
as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and fungi, such as Aspergillus niger, Candida
albicans. Several compounds exhibited strong inhibitory activity with MIC values of 0.78-
1.56 μM, including 8a (against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans), 8d (against E. coli and A. niger), 9a
(against S. aureus), and 9c (against S. aureus and C. albicans).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Ngoc Toan
- Institute for Chemistry and Materials, Vietnam Academy of Military Science and Technology, 17 Hoang Sam, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Minh Tri
- Institute for Chemistry and Materials, Vietnam Academy of Military Science and Technology, 17 Hoang Sam, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Dinh Thanh
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science (Vietnam National University, Ha Noi), 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Ha Noi, Vietnam
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15
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2-Amino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles as prospective agents in trypanosomiasis and other parasitoses. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2020; 70:259-290. [PMID: 32074064 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2020-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases are a serious public health problem affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. African trypanosomiasis, American trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, malaria and toxoplasmosis are the main parasitic infections caused by protozoan parasites with over one million deaths each year. Due to old medications and drug resistance worldwide, there is an urgent need for new antiparasitic drugs. 1,3,4-Thiadiazoles have been widely studied for medical applications. The chemical, physical and pharmacokinetic properties recommend 1,3,4-thiadiazole ring as a target in drug development. Many scientific papers report the antiparasitic potential of 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles. This review presents synthetic 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles exhibiting antitrypanosomal, antimalarial and antitoxoplasmal activities. Although there are insufficient results to state the quality of 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles as a new class of antiparasitic agents, many reported derivatives can be considered as lead compounds for drug synthesis and a promise for the future treatment of parasitosis and provide a valid strategy for the development of potent antiparasitic drugs.
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16
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Al-Mutairi AA, Al-Alshaikh MA, Ghabbour HA, Tiekink ER, El-Emam AA. Crystal structure of 1-(adamantan-1-yl)-3-aminothiourea, C 11H 19N 3S. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2020-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C11H19N3S, monoclinic, C2/m (no. 12), a = 10.789(3) Å, b = 6.959(3) Å, c = 15.196(4) Å, β = 96.843(13)°, V = 1132.7(6) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0568, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1414, T = 293(2) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamal A. Al-Mutairi
- Department of Chemistry , College of Sciences, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) , Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monirah A. Al-Alshaikh
- Department of Chemistry , College of Sciences, King Saud University , Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem A. Ghabbour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Mansoura , Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Edward R.T. Tiekink
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University , 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan , Malaysia
| | - Ali A. El-Emam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Mansoura , Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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17
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Molecular events and cytotoxic effects of a novel thiosemicarbazone derivative in human leukemia and lymphoma cell lines. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 2020; 14:51-64. [PMID: 32763229 DOI: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effect of 38 new thiosemicarbazone derivatives on hematological neoplastic cells lines and to select the most effective compounds to investigate the main molecular mechanisms involved in cell death. Cytotoxicity screening on Daudi and Jurkat cells revealed that only compound 1b met the selection criteria; therefore, it was chosen for further investigation. Cell viability of Daudi, Jurkat, Molt-4, Namalwa, K562, and MM.1S cell lines decreased in a concentration- and time-dependent manner after compound1b incubation; nevertheless the compound neither caused significant hemolysis nor reduction in peripheral blood mononuclear cell viability. Although no changes were observed on cell cycle or Ki-67 expression, compound1b induced apoptotic-like cell death with mitochondrial involvement, Bax/Bcl-2 inversion, AIF release, survivin inhibition, and caspase-3 activation in both Daudi and Jurkat cells. Furthermore, the compound reduced NFκB expression in Jurkat cells. In Daudi cells, compound1b also decreased CHOP, Akt, pAkt, and MAPK/ERK2 expression, thereby suggesting modulation of UPR, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. Finally, the compound was able to reduce the cell viability of samples collected from patients with different lymphoid neoplasms subtypes, showing that thiosemicarbazones derivatives could be used in the development of new drugs with anticancer activity.
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18
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Synthesis of a New [3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-ylidene]acetic Acid Derivative. MOLBANK 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/m1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The new methyl [3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-{[(2,4-dichloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methylidene]hydrazinylidene}-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-ylidene]acetate was synthesized from 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methylidene-3-thiosemicarbazide using dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate as thia-Michael reaction acceptor. New compounds (3 and 4) were characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy methods.
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19
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Angel SO, Vanagas L, Ruiz DM, Cristaldi C, Saldarriaga Cartagena AM, Sullivan WJ. Emerging Therapeutic Targets Against Toxoplasma gondii: Update on DNA Repair Response Inhibitors and Genotoxic Drugs. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:289. [PMID: 32656097 PMCID: PMC7325978 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis in animals and humans. This infection is transmitted to humans through oocysts released in the feces of the felines into the environment or by ingestion of undercooked meat. This implies that toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease and T. gondii is a foodborne pathogen. In addition, chronic toxoplasmosis in goats and sheep is the cause of recurrent abortions with economic losses in the sector. It is also a health problem in pets such as cats and dogs. Although there are therapies against this infection in its acute stage, they are not able to permanently eliminate the parasite and sometimes they are not well tolerated. To develop better, safer drugs, we need to elucidate key aspects of the biology of T. gondii. In this review, we will discuss the importance of the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway in the parasite's lytic cycle and how components of these processes can be potential molecular targets for new drug development programs. In that sense, the effect of different DNA damage agents or HHR inhibitors on the growth and replication of T. gondii will be described. Multitarget drugs that were either associated with other targets or were part of general screenings are included in the list, providing a thorough revision of the drugs that can be tested in other scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio O Angel
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional General San Martin (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Laura Vanagas
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional General San Martin (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Diego M Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional General San Martin (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Constanza Cristaldi
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional General San Martin (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Ana M Saldarriaga Cartagena
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional General San Martin (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - William J Sullivan
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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20
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Salin NH, Noordin R, Al-Najjar BO, Kamarulzaman EE, Yunus MH, Karim IZA, Nasim NNM, Zakaria II, Wahab HA. Identification of potential dual -targets anti- toxoplasma gondii compounds through structure-based virtual screening and in-vitro studies. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0225232. [PMID: 32442170 PMCID: PMC7244133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is the etiologic agent of toxoplasmosis, a disease which can lead to morbidity and mortality of the fetus and immunocompromised individuals. Due to the limited effectiveness or side effects of existing drugs, the search for better drug candidates is still ongoing. In this study, we performed structure-based screening of potential dual-targets inhibitors of active sites of T. gondii drug targets such as uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRTase) and adenosine kinase (AK). First screening of virtual compounds from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) was performed via molecular docking. Subsequently, the hit compounds were tested in-vitro for anti- T. gondii effect using cell viability assay with Vero cells as host to determine cytotoxicity effects and drug selectivities. Clindamycin, as positive control, showed a selectivity index (SI) of 10.9, thus compounds with SI > 10.9 specifically target T. gondii proliferation with no significant effect on the host cells. Good anti- T. gondii effects were observed with NSC77468 (7-ethoxy-4-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-thiopyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine) which showed SI values of 25. This study showed that in-silico selection can serve as an effective way to discover potentially potent and selective compounds against T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Hanim Salin
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Belal O. Al-Najjar
- Faculty of Pharmacy Al-Ahliyya Amman, University Amman Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Muhammad Hafiznur Yunus
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | | | - Nurul Nadieya Mohd Nasim
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Iffah Izzati Zakaria
- Synthetic Biology & Cell Factories, Malaysia Genome Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Selangor, Gelugor, Malaysia
| | - Habibah A. Wahab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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21
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Shadap L, Banothu V, Adepally U, Adhikari S, Kollipara MR. Variable structural bonding modes and antibacterial studies of thiosemicarbazone ligands of ruthenium, rhodium, and iridium metal complexes. J COORD CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2019.1711070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lathewdeipor Shadap
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Venkanna Banothu
- Centre for Biotechnology (CBT), Institute of Science and Technology (IST), Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad (JNTUH), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Uma Adepally
- Centre for Biotechnology (CBT), Institute of Science and Technology (IST), Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad (JNTUH), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sanjay Adhikari
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Mohan Rao Kollipara
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
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22
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In silico studies of novel scaffold of thiazolidin-4-one derivatives as anti-Toxoplasma gondii agents by 2D/3D-QSAR, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. Struct Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-019-01458-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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23
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Synthesis, Antimicrobial, and Anti-Proliferative Activities of Novel 4-(Adamantan-1-yl)-1-arylidene-3-thiosemicarbazides, 4-Arylmethyl N'-(Adamantan-1-yl)piperidine-1-carbothioimidates, and Related Derivatives. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234308. [PMID: 31779091 PMCID: PMC6930481 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The reaction of 4-(adamantan-1-yl)-3-thiosemicarbazide 3 with various aromatic aldehydes yielded the corresponding thiosemicarbazones 4a–g. 1-Adamantyl isothiocyanate 2 was reacted with 1-methylpiperazine or piperidine to yield the corresponding N-(adamantan-1-yl)carbothioamides 5 and 6, respectively. The latter was reacted with benzyl or substituted benzyl bromides to yield the S-arylmethyl derivatives 7a–c. Attempted cyclization of 1,3-bis(adamantan-1-yl)thiourea 8 with chloroacetic acid via prolonged heating to the corresponding thiazolidin-4-one 9 resulted in desulfurization of 8 to yield its urea analogue 10. The thiazolidin-4-one 9 and its 5-arylidene derivatives 11a,b were obtained via microwave-assisted synthesis. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeast-like pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. Compounds 7a–c displayed marked broad spectrum antibacterial activities (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), 0.5–32 μg/mL) and compounds 4a and 4g showed good activity against Candida albicans. Nine representative compounds were evaluated for anti-proliferative activity towards three human tumor cell lines. Compounds 7a–c displayed significant generalized anti-proliferative activity against all the tested cell lines with IC50 < 10 μM.
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24
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Leite ACL, Espíndola JWP, de Oliveira Cardoso MV, de Oliveira Filho GB. Privileged Structures in the Design of Potential Drug Candidates for Neglected Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4323-4354. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171023163752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Privileged motifs are recurring in a wide range of biologically
active compounds that reach different pharmaceutical targets and pathways and could represent
a suitable start point to access potential candidates in the neglected diseases field.
The current therapies to treat these diseases are based in drugs that lack of the desired effectiveness,
affordable methods of synthesis and allow a way to emergence of resistant
strains. Due the lack of financial return, only few pharmaceutical companies have been
investing in research for new therapeutics for neglected diseases (ND).
Methods:
Based on the literature search from 2002 to 2016, we discuss how six privileged
motifs, focusing phthalimide, isatin, indole, thiosemicarbazone, thiazole, and thiazolidinone
are particularly recurrent in compounds active against some of neglected diseases.
Results:
It was observed that attention was paid particularly for Chagas disease, malaria,
tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, dengue, African sleeping sickness (Human
African Trypanosomiasis - HAT) and toxoplasmosis. It was possible to verify that, among
the ND, antitrypanosomal and antiplasmodial activities were between the most searched.
Besides, thiosemicarbazone moiety seems to be the most versatile and frequently explored
scaffold. As well, phthalimide, isatin, thiazole, and thiazolidone nucleus have been also
explored in the ND field.
Conclusion:
Some described compounds, appear to be promising drug candidates, while
others could represent a valuable inspiration in the research for new lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - José Wanderlan Pontes Espíndola
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Gevanio Bezerra de Oliveira Filho
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
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25
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Synthesis and In Vitro Anti- Toxoplasma gondii Activity of Novel Thiazolidin-4-one Derivatives. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173029. [PMID: 31438527 PMCID: PMC6749389 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings on the biological activity of thiazolidin-4-ones and taking into account the lack of effective drugs used in the treatment of toxoplasmosis, their numerous side effects, as well as the problem of drug resistance of parasites prompted us to look for new agents. We designed and synthesized a series of new thiazolidin-4-one derivatives through a two-step reaction between 4-substituted thiosemicarbazides with hydroxybenzaldehydes followed by the treatment with ethyl bromoacetate; maleic anhydride and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate afforded target compounds. The thiazolidin-4-one derivatives were used to assess the inhibition of Toxoplasma gondii growth in vitro. All active thiazolidine-4-one derivatives (12 compounds) inhibited T. gondii proliferation in vitro much better than used references drugs both sulfadiazine as well as the synergistic effect of sulfadiazine + trimethoprim (weight ratio 5:1). Most active among them derivatives 94 and 95 showed inhibition of proliferation at about 392-fold better than sulfadiazine and 18-fold better than sulfadiazine with trimethoprim. All active compounds (82–88 and 91–95) against T. gondii represent values from 1.75 to 15.86 (CC30/IC50) lower than no cytotoxic value (CC30).
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26
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Ramadan ES. Synthesis and mass spectrometry of some arylidene-hydrazinyl-thiazolines and their 2-arylidene-N-(3-chlorophenyl)hydrazinecarbothioamide precursors. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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27
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A novel thiosemicarbazone as a promising effective and selective compound for acute leukemia. Anticancer Drugs 2019; 30:828-837. [PMID: 30932944 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute leukemias are a heterogeneous group of aggressive malignant neoplasms associated with severe morbidities due to the nonselectivity of current chemotherapeutic drugs to nonmalignant cells. The investigation of novel natural and synthetic structures that might be used for the development of new drugs with greater efficiency and selectivity to leukemic cells is mandatory. In this context, thiosemicarbazones have been well described in the literature by their several biological properties and their reaction is known as versatile, low-cost, and highly chemoselective. With this perspective, this study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effect and the main death mechanisms of a novel thiosemicarbazone (LAP17) on acute leukemia cell lines K562 and Jurkat. The results show that the strong cytotoxic effect of LAP17 to leukemic cells is due to apoptosis induction, which resulted in caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation. Intrinsic apoptosis seems to be related to the inversion of Bax/Bcl-2 expression, ΔΨm loss, and AIF release, whereas extrinsic apoptosis was initiated by FasR. Gene-expression profiling of HL-60 cells treated with LAP17 by the microarray technique revealed a significant enrichment of gene sets related to cell cycle arrest at G2/M. Accordingly, K562 and Jurkat cells treated with LAP17 revealed a clear arrest at G2/M phase. Taking into consideration that LAP17 was not cytotoxic to nonhematological cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cell and erythrocytes), these results suggest that LAP17 is a promising new compound that might be used as a prototype for the development of new antileukemic agents.
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28
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Synthesis and comparison of antileishmanial and cytotoxic activities of S-(−)-limonene benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazones with their R-(+)-analogues. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Hassan AA, Mohamed NK, El-Shaieb KM, Tawfeek HN, Bräse S, Nieger M. A convenient and efficient synthesis of thiazolidin-4-ones via cyclization of substituted hydrazinecarbothioamides. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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30
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Protein targets of thiazolidinone derivatives in Toxoplasma gondii and insights into their binding to ROP18. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:856. [PMID: 30497375 PMCID: PMC6267824 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thiazolidinone derivatives show inhibitory activity (IC50) against the Toxoplasma gondii parasite, as well as high selectivity with high therapeutic index. To disclose the target proteins of the thiazolidinone core in this parasite, we explored in silico the active sites of different T. gondii proteins and estimated the binding-free energy of reported thiazolidinone molecules with inhibitory effect on invasion and replication of the parasite inside host cells. This enabled us to describe some of the most suitable structural characteristics to design a compound derived from the thiazolidinone core. Results The best binding affinity was observed in the active site of kinase proteins, we selected the active site of the T. gondii ROP18 kinase, because it is an important factor for the virulence and survival of the parasite. We present the possible effect of a derivative of thiazolidinone core in the active site of T. gondii ROP18 and described some characteristics of substituent groups that could improve the affinity and specificity of compounds derived from the thiazolidinone core against T. gondii. Conclusions The results of our study suggest that compounds derived from the thiazolidinone core have a preference for protein kinases of T. gondii, being promising compounds for the development of new drugs with potential anti-toxoplasmosis activity. Our findings highlight the importance of use computational studies for the understanding of the action mechanism of compounds with biological activity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5223-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Sens L, de Souza ACA, Pacheco LA, Menegatti ACO, Mori M, Mascarello A, Nunes RJ, Terenzi H. Synthetic thiosemicarbazones as a new class of Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein tyrosine phosphatase A inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5742-5750. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A. Hassan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Minia University; El-Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Maysa M. Makhlouf
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Minia University; El-Minia 61519 Egypt
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Rocha-Roa C, Molina D, Cardona N. A Perspective on Thiazolidinone Scaffold Development as a New Therapeutic Strategy for Toxoplasmosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:360. [PMID: 30386743 PMCID: PMC6198644 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most successful parasites due to its ability to infect a wide variety of warm-blooded animals. It is estimated that one-third of the world's population is latently infected. The generic therapy for toxoplasmosis has been a combination of antifolates such as pyrimethamine or trimethoprim with either sulfadiazine or antibiotics such as clindamycin with a combination with leucovorin to prevent hematologic toxicity. This therapy shows limitations such as drug intolerance, low bioavailability or drug resistance by the parasite. There is a need for the development of new molecules with the capacity to block any stage of the parasite's life cycle in humans or in a different type of hosts. Heterocyclic compounds are promissory drugs due to its reported biological activity; for this reason, thiazolidinone and its derivatives are presented as a new alternative not only for its inhibitory activity against the parasite but also for its high selectivity-level with high therapeutic index. Thiazolidinones are an important scaffold known to be associated with anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities. The molecule possesses an imidazole ring that has been described as an antiprotozoal agent with antiparasitic properties and less toxicity. Thiazolidinone derivatives have been reportedly as building blocks in organic chemistry and as scaffolds for drug discovery. Here we present a perspective of how structural modifications of the thiazolidinone core could generate new compounds with high anti-parasitic effect and less toxic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Rocha-Roa
- Centre for Biomedical Research CIBM, University of Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
| | - Diego Molina
- Centre for Biomedical Research CIBM, University of Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
| | - Néstor Cardona
- Centre for Biomedical Research CIBM, University of Quindío, Armenia, Colombia.,Dentistry Faculty, University Antonio Nariño, Armenia, Colombia
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Martelli G, Giacomini D. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities for natural and synthetic dual-active compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:91-105. [PMID: 30205261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is widely recognized as a grave threat to global health in the 21st century, since the past decades have seen a dramatic increase in human-pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to one or multiple antibiotics. New antimicrobial agents are urgently required, particularly in the treatment of chronic infections such as cystic fibrosis, often associated with persistent colonization by drug-resistant pathogens and epithelial damage by pulmonary oxidative stress. In such events, it would be favourable to find agents that could have antioxidant and antibacterial activities combined in one molecule. The discovery of compounds that can show a dual-target activity considerably increased in the last years, reflecting the growing confidence that this new approach could lead to better therapeutic solutions for complex multigenic diseases. The aim of this review is to report those natural and synthetic compounds displaying significant antioxidant and antibacterial activities. In recent years there has been a growing attention on plant-derived antimicrobials as an alternative to antibiotics, for their efficacy and low tendency in developing bacterial resistance. Moreover, it was found that some natural products could enhance the activity of common antibiotics displaying a synergistic effect. We then report some selected synthetic compounds with an in-built capacity to act on two targets or with the combination in a single structure of two pharmacophores with antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Recent literature instances were screened and the most promising examples of dual-active antibacterial-antioxidant molecules were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Martelli
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daria Giacomini
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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2-{[(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazinylidene}-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-yl Acetic Acid. MOLBANK 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/m1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thia-Michael addition of 2-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (1) with maleic anhydride results in the formation of the title compound 2-{[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazinylidene}-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-yl acetic acid 2. The precursor 1 is synthesized by the reaction of 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde and thiosemicarbazide in the presence of glacial acetic acid as the catalyst. The structure of the title compound is determined by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectral data. In order to determine the molecular interactions with the bacterial enzyme, the title compound is further docked into the active site of the MurB protein of Staphylococcus aureus (PDB ID: 1HSK). The in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity of the title compound is carried out in order to appraise its antimicrobial efficacy by determination of zone of inhibition and minimal inhibitory concentration. The compound is also evaluated for its antioxidant property by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay.
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Chavan AS, Kharat AS, Bhosle MR, Mane RA. Baker’s yeast catalyzed one-pot synthesis of bioactive 2-[benzylidene(or pyrazol-4-ylmethylene)hydrazono]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one-5-yl-acetic acids. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2017-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
An efficient and simple one-pot protocol has been developed for synthesis of substituted derivatives of 2-hydrazono-4-thiazolidinone-5-acetic acids 4a–j and 6a–g by cyclocondensation of aryl/pyrazolyl aldehyde, thiosemicarbazide and maleic anhydride in acetonitrile in the presence of readily available whole cell biocatalyst, baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The reaction is enhanced by ultrasonication.
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Silveira GR, Campelo KA, Lima GRS, Carvalho LP, Samarão SS, Vieira-da-Motta O, Mathias L, Matos CRR, Vieira IJC, Melo EJTD, Maria EJ. In Vitro Anti-Toxoplasma gondii and Antimicrobial Activity of Amides Derived from Cinnamic Acid. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040774. [PMID: 29597255 PMCID: PMC6017938 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cinnamic acids, their esters, amides, aldehydes, and alcohols present several therapeutic actions through anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and inhibitory activity against a great variety of microorganisms. In this work, eight amines derived from cinnamic acid were synthesized and tested against host cells infected with Toxoplasma gondii and the bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and three strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Compounds 3 and 4 showed the best result against intracellular T. gondii, presenting antiparasitic activity at low concentrations (0.38 and 0.77 mM). The antibacterial activity of these compounds was also evaluated by the agar microdilution method, and amides 2 and 5 had a minimum inhibitory concentration of 250 µg mL−1 against two strains of S. aureus (ATCC 25923 and bovine strain LSA 88). These also showed synergistic action along with a variety of antibiotics, demonstrating that amines derived from cinnamic acid have potential as pharmacological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziela Rangel Silveira
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense-Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000-Parque Califórnia, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, Brazil.
| | - Karoline Azerêdo Campelo
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense-Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000-Parque Califórnia, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, Brazil.
| | - Gleice Rangel Silveira Lima
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense-Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000-Parque Califórnia, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, Brazil.
| | - Lais Pessanha Carvalho
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense-Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000-Parque Califórnia, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, Brazil.
| | - Solange Silva Samarão
- Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense-Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000-Parque Califórnia, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, Brazil.
| | - Olney Vieira-da-Motta
- Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense-Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000-Parque Califórnia, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, Brazil.
| | - Leda Mathias
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense-Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000-Parque Califórnia, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Roberto Ribeiro Matos
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense-Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000-Parque Califórnia, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, Brazil.
| | - Ivo José Curcino Vieira
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense-Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000-Parque Califórnia, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, Brazil.
| | - Edesio José Tenório de Melo
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense-Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000-Parque Califórnia, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, Brazil.
| | - Edmilson José Maria
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense-Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000-Parque Califórnia, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, Brazil.
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Mal’kina AG, Nosyreva VV, Afonin AV, Albanov AI, Apartsin QA, Grigor’ev EG, Trofimov BA. Regio- and stereoselective N 2-functionalization with propanamide fragment of aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes thiosemicarbazones. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428017080115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Fawzi M, Auhmani A, Ait Itto MY, Riahi A, Chevreux S, Ketatni EM. (2 E)- N-Methyl-2-[1-(4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl)ethylidene]hydrazinecarbothioamide. IUCRDATA 2017. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314617005132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
There are two independent molecules (AandB) in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C11H19N3S. In moleculeB, two C atoms and the associated H atoms of the cyclohexene ring are disordered over two sets of sites with a site occupancy ratio of 0.649 (7):0.351 (7). The N—N—C—N fragments of the hydrazinecarbothioamide segments of both molecules are not planar, with a torsion angle of −5.8 (3)° forAand 11.6 (3)° forB. The stability of the conformations of both molecules is aided by the formation of intramolecular N—H...N hydrogen bonds. In the crystal, N—H...S hydrogen bonds link like molecules intoR22(8)A+Bdimers. These dimers are interconnected by additional N—H...S contacts, forming chains along thec-axis direction. The structure was refined as a two-component inversion twin.
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Mahyavanshi V, Marjadi SI, Yadav R. Synthesis and pharmacological studies of 1-(2-amino-1-(4-methoxyphenyl) ethyl) cyclohexanol analogs as potential microbial agents. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Alday PH, Doggett JS. Drugs in development for toxoplasmosis: advances, challenges, and current status. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:273-293. [PMID: 28182168 PMCID: PMC5279849 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s60973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii causes fatal and debilitating brain and eye diseases. Medicines that are currently used to treat toxoplasmosis commonly have toxic side effects and require prolonged courses that range from weeks to more than a year. The need for long treatment durations and the risk of relapsing disease are in part due to the lack of efficacy against T. gondii tissue cysts. The challenges for developing a more effective treatment for toxoplasmosis include decreasing toxicity, achieving therapeutic concentrations in the brain and eye, shortening duration, eliminating tissue cysts from the host, safety in pregnancy, and creating a formulation that is inexpensive and practical for use in resource-poor areas of the world. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in identifying and developing new compounds for the treatment of toxoplasmosis. Unlike clinically used medicines that were repurposed for toxoplasmosis, these compounds have been optimized for efficacy against toxoplasmosis during preclinical development. Medicines with enhanced efficacy as well as features that address the unique aspects of toxoplasmosis have the potential to greatly improve toxoplasmosis therapy. This review discusses the facets of toxoplasmosis that are pertinent to drug design and the advances, challenges, and current status of preclinical drug research for toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Holland Alday
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Joseph Stone Doggett
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
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Montazeri M, Sharif M, Sarvi S, Mehrzadi S, Ahmadpour E, Daryani A. A Systematic Review of In vitro and In vivo Activities of Anti -Toxoplasma Drugs and Compounds (2006-2016). Front Microbiol 2017; 8:25. [PMID: 28163699 PMCID: PMC5247447 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The currently available anti-Toxoplasma agents have serious limitations. This systematic review was performed to evaluate drugs and new compounds used for the treatment of toxoplasmosis. Data was systematically collected from published papers on the efficacy of drugs/compounds used against Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) globally during 2006-2016. The searched databases were PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, ISI Web of Science, EBSCO, and Scopus. One hundred and eighteen papers were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review, which were both in vitro and in vivo studies. Within this review, 80 clinically available drugs and a large number of new compounds with more than 39 mechanisms of action were evaluated. Interestingly, many of the drugs/compounds evaluated against T. gondii act on the apicoplast. Therefore, the apicoplast represents as a potential drug target for new chemotherapy. Based on the current findings, 49 drugs/compounds demonstrated in vitro half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of below 1 μM, but most of them were not evaluated further for in vivo effectiveness. However, the derivatives of the ciprofloxacin, endochin-like quinolones and 1-[4-(4-nitrophenoxy) phenyl] propane-1-one (NPPP) were significantly active against T. gondii tachyzoites both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, these compounds are promising candidates for future studies. Also, compound 32 (T. gondii calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 inhibitor), endochin-like quinolones, miltefosine, rolipram abolish, and guanabenz can be repurposed into an effective anti-parasitic with a unique ability to reduce brain tissue cysts (88.7, 88, 78, 74, and 69%, respectively). Additionally, no promising drugs are available for congenital toxoplasmosis. In conclusion, as current chemotherapy against toxoplasmosis is still not satisfactory, development of well-tolerated and safe specific immunoprophylaxis in relaxing the need of dependence on chemotherapeutics is a highly valuable goal for global disease control. However, with the increasing number of high-risk individuals, and absence of a proper vaccine, continued efforts are necessary for the development of novel treatment options against T. gondii. Some of the novel compounds reviewed here may represent good starting points for the discovery of effective new drugs. In further, bioinformatic and in silico studies are needed in order to identify new potential toxoplasmicidal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbobeh Montazeri
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical SciencesSari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical SciencesSari, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sharif
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical SciencesSari, Iran
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Sari Medical School, Mazandaran University of Medical SciencesSari, Iran
| | - Shahabeddin Sarvi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical SciencesSari, Iran
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Sari Medical School, Mazandaran University of Medical SciencesSari, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences TehranIran
| | - Ehsan Ahmadpour
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Daryani
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical SciencesSari, Iran
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Sari Medical School, Mazandaran University of Medical SciencesSari, Iran
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Mal’kina AG, Nosyreva VV, Albanov AI, Afonin AV, Vashchenko AV, Amosova SV, Trofimov BA. Regioselective N(2)-H-functionalization of thiosemicarbazones of aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes with acrylonitrile. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2016.1257723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya G. Mal’kina
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Valentina V. Nosyreva
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander I. Albanov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei V. Afonin
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V. Vashchenko
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana V. Amosova
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Boris A. Trofimov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
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Unexpected products from the reaction of different compounds with hydrazine hydrate or aryl thiosemicarbazides. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Synthesis and evaluation of in vivo antioxidant, in vitro antibacterial, MRSA and antifungal activity of novel substituted isatin N-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)thiosemicarbazones. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:532-543. [PMID: 27517802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Some new isatin N-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)thiosemicarbazones 4a-t with different substituents at 1-, 5- and 7-positions of isatin ring have been synthesized by reaction of N-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)thiosemicarbazide 2 with corresponding isatins 3a-t. Compounds 4a-t were evaluated in vivo for antioxidant activity and in vitro for anti-microorganism activities. The MIC values were found for Gram positive bacteria (MIC = 1.56-6.25 μM), for Gram negative bacteria (MIC = 12.5 μM), and for fungi Aspergillus niger (MIC = 3.12-12.5 μM), Fusarium oxysporum (MIC = 6.25-12.5 μM) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MIC = 6.25-12.5 μM). Regarding the antioxidant activity, the SOD, GHS-Px and catalase activities of 4c-i and 4m-r were MIC = 10.57-10.85, 0.27-0.93 and 345.45-399.75 unit/mg protein, respectively. Compounds 4e-h had MIC values of 0.78, 1.56, and 3.12 μM for three clinical MRSA isolates. Compound 4e showed the selective cytotoxic effects against some cancer (LU-1, HepG2, MCF7, P338, SW480, KB) cell lines and normal fibroblast cell line NIH/3T3.
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Silva-Júnior EF, Silva EPS, França PHB, Silva JPN, Barreto EO, Silva EB, Ferreira RS, Gatto CC, Moreira DRM, Siqueira-Neto JL, Mendonça-Júnior FJB, Lima MCA, Bortoluzzi JH, Scotti MT, Scotti L, Meneghetti MR, Aquino TM, Araújo-Júnior JX. Design, synthesis, molecular docking and biological evaluation of thiophen-2-iminothiazolidine derivatives for use against Trypanosoma cruzi. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4228-4240. [PMID: 27475533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of thiophen-2-iminothiazolidine derivatives from thiophen-2-thioureic with good anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity. Several of the final compounds displayed remarkable trypanocidal activity. The ability of the new compounds to inhibit the activity of the enzyme cruzain, the major cysteine protease of T. cruzi, was also explored. The compounds 3b, 4b, 8b and 8c were the most active derivatives against amastigote form, with significant IC50 values between 9.7 and 6.03μM. The 8c derivative showed the highest potency against cruzain (IC50=2.4μM). Molecular docking study showed that this compound can interact with subsites S1 and S2 simultaneously, and the negative values for the theoretical energy binding (Eb=-7.39kcal·mol(-1)) indicates interaction (via dipole-dipole) between the hybridized sulfur sp(3) atom at the thiazolidine ring and Gly66. Finally, the results suggest that the thiophen-2-iminothiazolidines synthesized are important lead compounds for the continuing battle against Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F Silva-Júnior
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Pharmacy and Nursing School, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
| | - E P S Silva
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Pharmacy and Nursing School, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
| | - P H B França
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Pharmacy and Nursing School, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
| | - J P N Silva
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
| | - E O Barreto
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
| | - E B Silva
- Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - R S Ferreira
- Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - C C Gatto
- Inorganic Synthesis and Crystallography Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil
| | - D R M Moreira
- Tissue Engineering and Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - J L Siqueira-Neto
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, California, San Diego La Jolla, United States
| | - F J B Mendonça-Júnior
- Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Delivery, Biological Sciences Department, State University of Paraiba, Campus V, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - M C A Lima
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, National Science and Technology Institute for Pharmaceutical Innovation, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - J H Bortoluzzi
- Catalysis and Chemical Reactivity Group (GCaR), Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
| | - M T Scotti
- Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Delivery, Biological Sciences Department, State University of Paraiba, Campus V, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - L Scotti
- Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Delivery, Biological Sciences Department, State University of Paraiba, Campus V, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - M R Meneghetti
- Catalysis and Chemical Reactivity Group (GCaR), Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
| | - T M Aquino
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Pharmacy and Nursing School, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil.
| | - J X Araújo-Júnior
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Pharmacy and Nursing School, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
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Synthesis, antitumor activity and mechanism of action of novel 1,3-thiazole derivatives containing hydrazide–hydrazone and carboxamide moiety. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3263-3270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pandey S, Sonar PK, Saraf SK. Synthesis and characterization of novel conjugates of 4-[3-(aryl/heteroaryl)-3-oxo-propenyl]-benzaldehyde with thiazole and thiazolidinones as possible voltage-gated sodium channel blockers. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1587-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pânzariu AT, Apotrosoaei M, Vasincu IM, Drăgan M, Constantin S, Buron F, Routier S, Profire L, Tuchilus C. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new 1,3-thiazolidine-4-one derivatives of nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. Chem Cent J 2016; 10:6. [PMID: 26855668 PMCID: PMC4743259 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-016-0151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND l-Arginine is a semi-essential aminoacid with important role in regulation of physiological processes in humans. It serves as precursor for the synthesis of proteins and is also substrate for different enzymes such as nitric oxide synthase. This amino-acid act as free radical scavenger, inhibits the activity of pro-oxidant enzymes and thus acts as an antioxidant and has also bactericidal effect against a broad spectrum of bacteria. RESULTS New thiazolidine-4-one derivatives of nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (NO2-Arg-OMe) have been synthesized and biologically evaluated in terms of antioxidant and antibacterial/antifungal activity. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by (1)H, (13)C NMR, Mass and IR spectral data. The antioxidant potential was investigated using in vitro methods based on ferric/phosphomolybdenum reducing antioxidant power and DPPH/ABTS radical scavenging assay. The antibacterial effect was investigated against Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Sarcina lutea ATCC 9341) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) bacterial strains. The antifungal activity was also investigated against Candida spp. (Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Candida glabrata ATCC MYA 2950, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019). CONCLUSIONS Synthesized compounds showed a good antioxidant activity in comparison with the NO2-Arg-OMe. The antimicrobial results support the selectivity of tested compounds especially on P. aeruginosa as bacterial strain and C. parapsilosis as fungal strain. The most proper compounds were 6g (R = 3-OCH3) and 6h (R = 2-OCH3) which showed a high free radical (DPPH, ABTS) scavenging ability and 6j (R = 2-NO2) that was the most active on both bacterial and fungal strains and also it showed the highest ABTS radical scavenging ability.Graphical abstract1: ethyl 3-aminopropionate hydrochloride, 2a-j: aromatic aldehydes, 3: thioglycolic acid, 4a-j: thiazolidine-propionic acid derivatives , 5: Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, 6a-j: thiazolidine-propionyl-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea-Teodora Pânzariu
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria Apotrosoaei
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana Mirela Vasincu
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria Drăgan
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Sandra Constantin
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Frédéric Buron
- />Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique - ICOA UMR7311, Pôle de chimie, Rue de Chartres, 45100 Orléans, France
| | - Sylvain Routier
- />Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique - ICOA UMR7311, Pôle de chimie, Rue de Chartres, 45100 Orléans, France
| | - Lenuta Profire
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Tuchilus
- />Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Novel 4-Thiazolidinone Derivatives as Anti-Infective Agents: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Evaluation. Biochem Res Int 2016; 2016:8086762. [PMID: 26925267 PMCID: PMC4746384 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8086762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new 4-thiazolidinone derivatives was synthesized, characterized by spectral techniques, and screened for antimicrobial activity. All the compounds were evaluated against five Gram-positive bacteria, two Gram-negative bacteria, and two fungi, at concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 µg/mL, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of all the compounds were also determined and were found to be in the range of 100–400 µg/mL. All the compounds showed moderate-to-good antimicrobial activity. Compounds 4a [2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-(4-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinazolin-2-yl)-thiazolidin-4-one] and 4e [3-(4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-thiazolidin-4-one] were the most potent compounds of the series, exhibiting marked antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus aureus, and the fungal strains. Thus, on the basis of results obtained, it may be concluded that synthesized compounds exhibit a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity.
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