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Zhang S, Liu Y, Javeed A, Jian C, Sun J, Wu S, Han B. Treatment of allergy: Overview of synthetic anti-allergy small molecules in medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115151. [PMID: 36731273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic diseases has been continuously increasing over the past few decades, affecting approximately 20-30% of the global population. Allergic reactions to infection of respiratory tract, digestive tract, and skin system involve multiple different targets. The main difficulty of anti-allergy research is how to develop drugs with good curative effect and less side effects by adopting new multi-targets and mechanisms according to the clinical characteristics of different allergic populations and different allergens. This review focuses on information concerning potential therapeutic targets as well as the synthetic anti-allergy small molecules with respect to their medicinal chemistry. The structure-activity relationship and the mechanism of compound-target interaction were highlighted with perspective to histamine-1/4 receptor antagonists, leukotriene biosynthesis, Th2 cytokines inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers. We hope that the study of chemical scaffold modification and optimization for different lead compounds summarized in this review not only lays the foundation for improvement of success rate and efficiency of virtual screening of antiallergic drugs, but also can provide valuable reference for the drug design of related promising research such as allergy, inflammation, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Antiallergy Functional Molecules, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Hangzhou Zheda Dixun Biological Gene Engineering Co., LTD., Hangzhou, China
| | - Ansar Javeed
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Antiallergy Functional Molecules, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Cuiqin Jian
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Antiallergy Functional Molecules, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jinlyu Sun
- Department of Allergy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shandong Wu
- Hangzhou Zheda Dixun Biological Gene Engineering Co., LTD., Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingnan Han
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Antiallergy Functional Molecules, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Abdel-Maksoud MS, El-Gamal MI, Gamal El-Din MM, Choi Y, Choi J, Shin JS, Kang SY, Yoo KH, Lee KT, Baek D, Oh CH. Synthesis of New Triarylpyrazole Derivatives Possessing Terminal Sulfonamide Moiety and Their Inhibitory Effects on PGE₂ and Nitric Oxide Productions in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102556. [PMID: 30301280 PMCID: PMC6222820 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This article describes the design, synthesis, and in vitro anti-inflammatory screening of new triarylpyrazole derivatives. A total of 34 new compounds were synthesized containing a terminal arylsulfonamide moiety and a different linker between the sulfonamide and pyridine ring at position 4 of the pyrazole ring. All the target compounds were tested for both cytotoxicity and nitric oxide (NO) production inhibition in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Compounds 1b, 1d, 1g, 2a, and 2c showed the highest NO inhibition percentages and the lowest cytotoxic effect. The most potent derivatives were tested for their ability to inhibit prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. The IC50 for nitric oxide inhibition, PGE₂ inhibition, and cell viability were determined. In addition, 1b, 1d, 1g, 2a, and 2c were tested for their inhibitory effect on LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) protein expression as well as iNOS enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Abdel-Maksoud
- Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed I El-Gamal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud M Gamal El-Din
- Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Yunji Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Hanseo University, Seosan 31962, Korea.
| | - Jungseung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Hanseo University, Seosan 31962, Korea.
| | - Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02792 Korea.
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-650, Korea.
| | - Shin-Young Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02792 Korea.
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-650, Korea.
| | - Kyung Ho Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Hanseo University, Seosan 31962, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02792 Korea.
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-650, Korea.
| | - Daejin Baek
- Department of Chemistry, Hanseo University, Seosan 31962, Korea.
| | - Chang-Hyun Oh
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Korea.
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Yuseong-gu 34113, Korea.
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3
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CRAC channels as targets for drug discovery and development. Cell Calcium 2018; 74:147-159. [PMID: 30075400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channels have been the target of drug discovery for many years. The identification of STIM and Orai proteins as key components of CRAC channels greatly facilitated this process because their co-expression in cell lines produced electrophysiological currents (ICRAC) much larger than those in native cells, making it easier to confirm and characterize the effects of modulatory compounds. A driving force in the quest for CRAC channel drugs has been the immunocompromised phenotype displayed by humans and mice with null or loss-of-function mutations in STIM1 or Orai1, suggesting that CRAC channel inhibitors could be useful therapeutics for autoimmune or inflammatory conditions. Emerging data also suggests that other therapeutic conditions may benefit from CRAC channel inhibition. However, only recently have CRAC channel inhibitors reached clinical trials. This review discusses the challenges associated with drug discovery and development on CRAC channels and the approaches employed to date, as well as the results, starting from initial high-throughput screens for CRAC channel modulators and progressing through target selection and justification, descriptions of pharmacological, safety and toxicological profiles of compounds, and finally the entry of CRAC channel inhibitors into clinical trials.
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Dago CD, Maux PL, Roisnel T, Brigaudeau C, Bekro YA, Mignen O, Bazureau JP. Preliminary Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) of a Novel Series of Pyrazole SKF-96365 Analogues as Potential Store-Operated Calcium Entry (SOCE) Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29538341 PMCID: PMC5877717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
From a series of (1R, 1S)-1[β-(phenylalkoxy)-(phenetyl)]-1H-pyrazolium hydrochloride as new analogues of SKF-96365, one has an interesting effect for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ release and store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) (IC50 25 μM) on the PLP-B lymphocyte cell line. A successful resolution of (±) 1-phenyl-2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethan-1-ol has been developed by using the method of “half-concentration” in the presence of (+)-(1S)- or (−)-(1R)-CSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille D Dago
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), UMR CNRS 6226, Groupe CORINT, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Campus de Beaulieu, Bât. 10A, 263 Avesnue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes CEDEX, France.
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bio Organique et de Substances Naturelles (LCBOSN), Université Nangui Abrogoua (UNA), Abidjan BP 802, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Paul Le Maux
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), UMR CNRS 6226, Groupe CORINT, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Campus de Beaulieu, Bât. 10A, 263 Avesnue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes CEDEX, France.
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), UMR CNRS 6226, Centre de Diffractométrie X (cdifx), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Campus de Beaulieu, Bât. 10B, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes CEDEX, France.
| | - Christophe Brigaudeau
- Laboratoire Canalopathies & Signalisation Calcique, Inserm U1227, Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), 22 Avenue Camille Desmoulins, 29200 Brest CEDEX, France.
- CalciScreen Platform, Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), 22 Avenue Camille Desmoulins, 29200 Brest CEDEX, France.
| | - Yves-Alain Bekro
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bio Organique et de Substances Naturelles (LCBOSN), Université Nangui Abrogoua (UNA), Abidjan BP 802, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Olivier Mignen
- Laboratoire Canalopathies & Signalisation Calcique, Inserm U1227, Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), 22 Avenue Camille Desmoulins, 29200 Brest CEDEX, France.
- CalciScreen Platform, Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), 22 Avenue Camille Desmoulins, 29200 Brest CEDEX, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Bazureau
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), UMR CNRS 6226, Groupe CORINT, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Campus de Beaulieu, Bât. 10A, 263 Avesnue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes CEDEX, France.
- S2Wave Platform, ScanMAT UMS 2001 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Campus de Beaulieu, Bât. 10A, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes CEDEX, France.
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A Convenient Four-Step Synthesis of 1-{β-[3-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)Propoxy]-4-Methoxyphenethyl}-1H-Imidazole Hydrochloride as a Probing Tool for SOCE Assays. MOLBANK 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/m909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Zhu K, Shaver MP, Thomas SP. Chemoselective nitro reduction and hydroamination using a single iron catalyst. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3031-3035. [PMID: 29997793 PMCID: PMC6005157 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04471e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An amine-bis(phenolate) iron(iii) complex catalyses both the chemoselective reduction of nitroarenes and the formal hydroamination of highly substituted olefins.
The reduction and reductive addition (formal hydroamination) of functionalised nitroarenes is reported using a simple and bench-stable iron(iii) catalyst and silane. The reduction is chemoselective for nitro groups over an array of reactive functionalities (ketone, ester, amide, nitrile, sulfonyl and aryl halide). The high activity of this earth-abundant metal catalyst also facilitates a follow-on reaction in the reductive addition of nitroarenes to alkenes, giving efficient formal hydroamination of olefins under mild conditions. Both reactions offer significant improvements in catalytic activity and chemoselectivity and the utility of these catalysts in facilitating two challenging reactions supports an important mechanistic overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailong Zhu
- School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , UK . ;
| | - Michael P Shaver
- School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , UK . ;
| | - Stephen P Thomas
- School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , UK . ;
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Kaur K, Kumar V, Gupta GK. Trifluoromethylpyrazoles as anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agents: A review. J Fluor Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Emmadi NR, Bingi C, Kotapalli SS, Ummanni R, Nanubolu JB, Atmakur K. Synthesis and evaluation of novel fluorinated pyrazolo-1,2,3-triazole hybrids as antimycobacterial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2918-22. [PMID: 26048808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A library of novel 3-trifluoromethyl pyrazolo-1,2,3-triazole hybrids (5-7) were accomplished starting from 5-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-amine (1) via key intermediate 2-azido-N-(5-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)acetamide (3) through click chemistry approach. Thus obtained compounds in 5-7 series were evaluated for in vitro antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis (MC(2) 155) and also verified the cytotoxicity. These studies engendered promising lead compounds 5q, 7b and 7c with MIC (μg/mL) values 15.34, 16.18 and 16.60, respectively. Amongst these three compounds, 2-(4-(4-methoxybenzoyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-N-(5-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) acetamide (5q) emerged as the most promising antitubercular agent with lowest cytotoxicity against the A549 cancer cell line. This is the first report to demonstrate the pyrazolo triazole hybrids as potential antimycobacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narender Reddy Emmadi
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Chiranjeevi Bingi
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Sudha Sravanti Kotapalli
- Chemical Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Ramesh Ummanni
- Chemical Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Jagadeesh Babu Nanubolu
- Centre for X-ray Crystallography, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Krishnaiah Atmakur
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.
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9
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Liu J, Xin L, Benson VL, Allen DG, Ju YK. Store-operated calcium entry and the localization of STIM1 and Orai1 proteins in isolated mouse sinoatrial node cells. Front Physiol 2015; 6:69. [PMID: 25806000 PMCID: PMC4353302 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In many non-excitable and excitable cells, store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) represents an additional pathway for calcium entry upon Ca2+ store depletion. In a previous study, we demonstrated SOCE activity in intact mouse cardiac pacemaker tissue, specifically from sinoatrial node (SAN) tissue. However, store content as a key determinant of SOCE activity is difficult to measure in intact SAN tissue. Therefore, to investigate the interaction between SOCE and store content and its role in cardiac pacemaking, it is necessary to investigate SOCE activity in single cardiac pacemaker cells. Furthermore, recent studies in other tissues have identified two new proteins involved in SOCE, stromal interacting molecule (STIM), which is an ER Ca2+ sensor, and the surface membrane channel Orai, a prototypic gene encoding for SOCE. However, whether STIM and Orai are expressed in native pacemaker cells is still unknown. In this current study, we examined SOCE activity in single firing pacemaker cells isolated from mouse sinoatrial node tissue. We found a significant rise in Ca2+ entry in response to Ca2+ store depletion. SOCE blockers reduced the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous Ca2+ transients and reduced Ca2+ store content. We demonstrated for the first time that STIM and Orai are expressed in pacemaker cells. After store depletion, STIM1 redistributed to the cell periphery and showed increased co-localization with surface membrane located Orai1, indicating a possible involvement of these proteins in SOCE activity in native cardiac pacemaker cells. These results suggest the novel concept that SOCE plays a functional role in regulating intracellular Ca2+ of cardiac pacemaker cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Li Xin
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Victoria L Benson
- School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David G Allen
- School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yue-Kun Ju
- School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia
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10
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Mykhailiuk PK. Three-component synthesis of C2F5-substituted pyrazoles from C2F5CH2NH2·HCl, NaNO2 and electron-deficient alkynes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:16-24. [PMID: 25670987 PMCID: PMC4311722 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A one-pot reaction between C2F5CH2NH2·HCl, NaNO2 and electron-deficient alkynes gives C2F5-substituted pyrazoles in excellent yields. The transformation smoothly proceeds in dichloromethane/water, tolerates the presence of air, and requires no purification of products by column chromatography. Mechanistically, C2F5CH2NH2·HCl and NaNO2 react first in water to generate C2F5CHN2, that participates in a [3 + 2] cycloaddition with electron-deficient alkynes in dichloromethane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel K Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd., Vul. Oleksandra Matrosova 23, 01103 Kyiv, Ukraine; and Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street, 64, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
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11
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Merchant RR, Allwood DM, Blakemore DC, Ley SV. Regioselective Preparation of Saturated Spirocyclic and Ring-Expanded Fused Pyrazoles. J Org Chem 2014; 79:8800-11. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501624t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohan R. Merchant
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Daniel M. Allwood
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - David C. Blakemore
- Neusentis
Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, The Portway Building, Granta
Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GS, U.K
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
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12
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Lin FF, Elliott R, Colombero A, Gaida K, Kelley L, Moksa A, Ho SY, Bykova E, Wong M, Rathanaswami P, Hu S, Sullivan JK, Nguyen HQ, McBride HJ. Generation and characterization of fully human monoclonal antibodies against human Orai1 for autoimmune disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 345:225-38. [PMID: 23475901 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.202788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium entry into T cells following antigen stimulation is crucial for nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)-mediated T cell activation. The movement of calcium is mediated by calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channels. There are two key components of this channel: Orai1 is the pore-forming subunit located in the plasma membrane, and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) functions as a Ca(2+) sensor in the endoplasmic reticulum. A subset of human patients carry mutations in either STIM1 or Orai1 that affect protein function or expression, resulting in defective store-operated Ca(2+) influx and CRAC channel function, and impaired T cell activation. These patients suffer from a hereditary form of severe combined immune deficiency syndrome, highlighting the importance of the CRAC channel for T lymphocyte function in humans. Since autoreactive T cells play an important role in the development of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and organ transplantation, Orai1 becomes an attractive therapeutic target for ameliorating autoimmune disease. We developed a novel approach to inhibiting CRAC function by generating high-affinity fully human monoclonal antibodies to human Orai1. These antibodies inhibited ICRAC current, store-operated Ca(2+) influx, NFAT transcription, and cytokine release. These fully human antibodies to human Orai1 may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen-Fen Lin
- Protein Technologies, Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Mail Stop: 14-2-A, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.
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13
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A Simple and Efficient Synthesis of Ethyl 1-Aryl-4-formyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylates. J Heterocycl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Li Y, Geng J, Liu Y, Yu S, Zhao G. Thiadiazole-a Promising Structure in Medicinal Chemistry. ChemMedChem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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15
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Schleifer H, Doleschal B, Lichtenegger M, Oppenrieder R, Derler I, Frischauf I, Glasnov TN, Kappe CO, Romanin C, Groschner K. Novel pyrazole compounds for pharmacological discrimination between receptor-operated and store-operated Ca(2+) entry pathways. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 167:1712-22. [PMID: 22862290 PMCID: PMC3525873 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02126.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pyrazole derivatives have recently been suggested as selective blockers of transient receptor potential cation (TRPC) channels but their ability to distinguish between the TRPC and Orai pore complexes is ill-defined. This study was designed to characterize a series of pyrazole derivatives in terms of TRPC/Orai selectivity and to delineate consequences of selective suppression of these pathways for mast cell activation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Pyrazoles were generated by microwave-assisted synthesis and tested for effects on Ca(2+) entry by Fura-2 imaging and membrane currents by patch-clamp recording. Experiments were performed in HEK293 cells overexpressing TRPC3 and in RBL-2H3 mast cells, which express classical store-operated Ca(2+) entry mediated by Orai channels. The consequences of inhibitory effects on Ca(2+) signalling in RBL-2H3 cells were investigated at the level of both degranulation and nuclear factor of activated T-cells activation. KEY RESULTS Pyr3, a previously suggested selective inhibitor of TRPC3, inhibited Orai1- and TRPC3-mediated Ca(2+) entry and currents as well as mast cell activation with similar potency. By contrast, Pyr6 exhibited a 37-fold higher potency to inhibit Orai1-mediated Ca(2+) entry as compared with TRPC3-mediated Ca(2+) entry and potently suppressed mast cell activation. The novel pyrazole Pyr10 displayed substantial selectivity for TRPC3-mediated responses (18-fold) and the selective block of TRPC3 channels by Pyr10 barely affected mast cell activation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The pyrazole derivatives Pyr6 and Pyr10 are able to distinguish between TRPC and Orai-mediated Ca(2+) entry and may serve as useful tools for the analysis of cellular functions of the underlying Ca(2+) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schleifer
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Yang C, Chen Y, Wang J, Xie Y, Yan T. Synthesis of 3-Cyanopyrazoles from 3-Trifluoromethyl-pyrazoles via Direct Ammonolysis Reaction. HETEROCYCLES 2012. [DOI: 10.3987/com-11-12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gerus II, Mironetz RX, Kondratov IS, Bezdudny AV, Dmytriv YV, Shishkin OV, Starova VS, Zaporozhets OA, Tolmachev AA, Mykhailiuk PK. “Reported, but Still Unknown.” A Closer Look into 3,4-Bis- and 3,4,5-Tris(trifluoromethyl)pyrazoles. J Org Chem 2011; 77:47-56. [DOI: 10.1021/jo202305c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor I. Gerus
- Enamine Ltd., Oleksandra
Matrosova
Street, 23, Kyiv 01103, Ukraine
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Petrochemistry, National Ukrainian Academy of Science, Murmanska 1, Kiev 02660, Ukraine
| | - Roman X. Mironetz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Petrochemistry, National Ukrainian Academy of Science, Murmanska 1, Kiev 02660, Ukraine
| | - Ivan S. Kondratov
- Enamine Ltd., Oleksandra
Matrosova
Street, 23, Kyiv 01103, Ukraine
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Petrochemistry, National Ukrainian Academy of Science, Murmanska 1, Kiev 02660, Ukraine
| | - Andrei V. Bezdudny
- Enamine Ltd., Oleksandra
Matrosova
Street, 23, Kyiv 01103, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska
Street 5, 02660, Kyiv 94, Ukraine
| | - Yurii V. Dmytriv
- Enamine Ltd., Oleksandra
Matrosova
Street, 23, Kyiv 01103, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska
Street 5, 02660, Kyiv 94, Ukraine
| | - Oleg V. Shishkin
- STC, Institute for Single Crystalls, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 60 Lenina Avenue, Kharkiv 61001,
Ukraine
| | - Viktoriia S. Starova
- Department of Chemistry, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Volodymyrska
Street, 64, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine
| | - Olga A. Zaporozhets
- Department of Chemistry, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Volodymyrska
Street, 64, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine
| | - Andrey A. Tolmachev
- Enamine Ltd., Oleksandra
Matrosova
Street, 23, Kyiv 01103, Ukraine
- Department of Chemistry, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Volodymyrska
Street, 64, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine
| | - Pavel K. Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd., Oleksandra
Matrosova
Street, 23, Kyiv 01103, Ukraine
- Department of Chemistry, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Volodymyrska
Street, 64, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine
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Obermayer D, Glasnov TN, Kappe CO. Microwave-Assisted and Continuous Flow Multistep Synthesis of 4-(Pyrazol-1-yl)carboxanilides. J Org Chem 2011; 76:6657-69. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2009824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Obermayer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry (CDLMC) and Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Toma N. Glasnov
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry (CDLMC) and Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry (CDLMC) and Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Sweeney Z, Minatti A, Button D, Patrick S. Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Store-Operated Calcium Entry. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:706-18. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Várnai P, Hunyady L, Balla T. STIM and Orai: the long-awaited constituents of store-operated calcium entry. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2009; 30:118-28. [PMID: 19187978 PMCID: PMC3125588 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2008.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Revised: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rapid changes in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentrations [Ca(2+)](i) are the most commonly used signals in biology to regulate a whole host of cellular functions including contraction, secretion and gene activation. A widely utilized form of Ca(2+) influx is termed store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) owing to its control by the Ca(2+) content of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The underlying molecular mechanism of SOCE has eluded identification until recently when two groups of proteins, the ER Ca(2+) sensors stromal interaction molecule (STIM)1 and STIM2 and the plasma-membrane channels Orai1, Orai2 and Orai3, have been identified. These landmark discoveries have enabled impressive progress in clarifying how these proteins work in concert and what developmental and cellular processes require their participation most. As we begin to better understand the biology of the STIM and Orai proteins, the attention to the pharmacological tools to influence their functions quickly follow suit. Here, we briefly summarize recent developments in this exciting area of Ca(2+) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Várnai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, H-1088, Puskin u. 9, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Hunyady
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, H-1088, Puskin u. 9, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamas Balla
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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Chapter 5.5: Five-Membered Ring Systems: With N and S (Se) Atoms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(09)70036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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