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Kumar S, Jaiswal S, Gupta SK, Ayyannan SR. Benzimidazole-derived carbohydrazones as dual monoamine oxidases and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: design, synthesis, and evaluation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:4710-4729. [PMID: 37345530 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2224887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel benzimidazole-derived carbohydrazones was designed, synthesized and evaluated for their dual inhibition potential against monoamine oxidases (MAOs) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) using multitarget-directed ligand approach (MTDL). The investigated compounds have exhibited moderate to excellent in vitro MAOs/AChE inhibitory activity at micromolar to nanomolar concentrations. Compound 12, 2-(1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)-N'-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethylidene]acetohydrazide has emerged as a lead dual MAO-AChE inhibitor by exhibiting superior multi-target activity profile against MAO-A (IC50 = 0.067 ± 0.018 µM), MAO-B (IC50 = 0.029 ± 0.005 µM) and AChE (IC50 = 1.37 ± 0.026 µM). SAR studies suggest that the site A (hydrophobic ring) and site C (semicarbazone linker) modifications attempted on the semicarbazone-based MTDL resulted in a significant enhancement in the MAO-A/B inhibitory potential and a drastic decrease in the AChE inhibitory activity. Further, molecular docking and dynamics simulation experiments disclosed the possible molecular interactions of inhibitors inside the active site of respective enzymes. Also, computational prediction of drug-likeness and ADME parameters of test compounds revealed their drug-like characteristics.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory II, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Shivani Jaiswal
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory II, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Sukesh Kumar Gupta
- Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Senthil Raja Ayyannan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory II, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
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2
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Lv Y, Zheng Z, Liu R, Guo J, Zhang C, Xie Y. Monoamine oxidase B inhibitors based on natural privileged scaffolds: A review of systematically structural modification. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126158. [PMID: 37549764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase is a flavin enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain. Various toxic by-products, aldehydes and hydrogen peroxide produced during the catalytic process, can cause oxidative stress and neuronal cell death. Overexpression of MAO-B and insufficient dopamine concentration are recognized as pathological factors in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, the inhibition of MAO-B is an attractive target for the treatment of NDs. Despite significant efforts, few selective and reversible MAO-B inhibitors have been clinically approved. Natural products have emerged as valuable sources of lead compounds in drug discovery. Compounds such as chromone, coumarin, chalcone, caffeine, and aurone, present in natural structures, are considered as privileged scaffolds in the synthesis of MAO-B inhibitors. In this review, we summarized the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of MAO-B inhibitors based on the naturally privileged scaffolds over the past 20 years. Additionally, we proposed a balanced discussion on the advantages and limitations of natural scaffold-based MAO-B inhibitors with providing a future perspective in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjing Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renzheng Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianan Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changjun Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceutical, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, China.
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3
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Herraiz T. Assay of MAO Inhibition by Chromatographic Techniques (HPLC/HPLC-MS). Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2558:97-114. [PMID: 36169858 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2643-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes (MAO A and B) catalyze the oxidative deamination of biogenic amines, neurotransmitters, and xenobiotic amines and contribute to the regulation of the content of these active substances in mammalian organisms. The oxidation of biogenic amines by MAO produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and aldehydes that represent risk factors for oxidative injury. The inhibitors of MAO are useful as antidepressants and neuroprotective agents. Usually, the assays of MAO determine amine deamination products or measure the H2O2 released by using direct spectrophotometric or fluorimetric methods. Direct methods are more prone to interferences and can afford inaccurate results. Those limitations can be avoided by using chromatographic techniques. This work describes a chromatographic method to assay MAO A and MAO B activity by using kynuramine as a nonselective substrate and the subsequent analysis of 4-hydroxyquinoline by RP-HPLC-DAD-fluorescence and mass spectrometry (MS). Alternatively, the assay uses the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) neurotoxin as a substrate of MAO that is oxidized (bioactivated) to neurotoxic pyridinium cations which are analyzed by HPLC. These methods are applied to assess the inhibition of MAO by bioactive β-carboline alkaloids occurring in foods, plants, and biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Herraiz
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Sudevan ST, Oh JM, Abdelgawad MA, Abourehab MAS, Rangarajan TM, Kumar S, Ahmad I, Patel H, Kim H, Mathew B. Introduction of benzyloxy pharmacophore into aryl/heteroaryl chalcone motifs as a new class of monoamine oxidase B inhibitors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22404. [PMID: 36575270 PMCID: PMC9794710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory action of fifteen benzyloxy ortho/para-substituted chalcones (B1-B15) was evaluated against human monoamine oxidases (hMAOs). All the molecules inhibited hMAO-B isoform more potently than hMAO-A. Furthermore, the majority of the molecules showed strong inhibitory actions against hMAO-B at 10 μM level with residual activities of less than 50%. Compound B10 has an IC50 value of 0.067 μM, making it the most potent inhibitor of hMAO-B, trailed by compound B15 (IC50 = 0.12 μM). The thiophene substituent (B10) in the A-ring exhibited the strongest hMAO-B inhibition structurally, however, increased residue synthesis did not result in a rise in hMAO-B inhibition. In contrast, the benzyl group at the para position of the B-ring displayed more hMAO-B inhibition than the other positions. Compounds B10 and B15 had relatively high selectivity index (SI) values for hMAO-B (504.791 and 287.600, respectively). Ki values of B10 and B15 were 0.030 ± 0.001 and 0.033 ± 0.001 μM, respectively. The reversibility study showed that B10 and B15 were reversible inhibitors of hMAO-B. PAMPA assay manifested that the benzyloxy chalcones (B10 and B15) had a significant permeability and CNS bioavailability with Pe value higher than 4.0 × 10-6 cm/s. Both compounds were stabilized in protein-ligand complexes by the π-π stacking, which enabled them to bind to the hMAO-B enzyme's active site incredibly effectively. The hMAO-B was stabilized by B10- and B15-hMAO-B complexes, with binding energies of - 74.57 and - 87.72 kcal/mol, respectively. Using a genetic algorithm and multiple linear regression, the QSAR model was created. Based on the best 2D and 3D descriptor-based QSAR model, the following statistics were displayed: R2 = 0.9125, Q2loo = 0.8347. These findings imply that B10 and B15 are effective, selective, and reversible hMAO-B inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachithra Thazhathuveedu Sudevan
- grid.411370.00000 0000 9081 2061Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041 India
| | - Jong Min Oh
- grid.412871.90000 0000 8543 5345Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922 Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- grid.440748.b0000 0004 1756 6705Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72341 Saudi Arabia ,grid.411662.60000 0004 0412 4932Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514 Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. S. Abourehab
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - T. M. Rangarajan
- grid.8195.50000 0001 2109 4999Department of Chemistry, Sri Venketeswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- grid.411370.00000 0000 9081 2061Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041 India
| | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Prof. Ravindra Nikam College of Pharmacy, Gondur, Dhule, 424002 Maharashtra India
| | - Harun Patel
- grid.412233.50000 0001 0641 8393Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405 Maharashtra India
| | - Hoon Kim
- grid.412871.90000 0000 8543 5345Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922 Republic of Korea
| | - Bijo Mathew
- grid.411370.00000 0000 9081 2061Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041 India
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5
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Kondeva-Burdina M, Mitkov J, Valkova I, Peikova L, Georgieva M, Zlatkov A. Quantitative Structure-Neurotoxicity Assessment and In Vitro Evaluation of Neuroprotective and MAO-B Inhibitory Activities of Series N'-substituted 3-(1,3,7-trimethyl-xanthin-8-ylthio)propanehydrazides. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165321. [PMID: 36014559 PMCID: PMC9414684 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotoxic, neuroprotective and MAO-B inhibitory effects of series N'-substituted 3-(1,3,7-trimethyl-xanthin-8-ylthio)propanehydrazides are evaluated. The results indicate compounds N'-(2,3-dimethoxybenzylidene)-3-(1,3,7-trimethyl-2,6-dioxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-purin-8-ylthio)propanehydrazide (6k) and N'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(1,3,7-trimethyl-2,6-dioxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-purin-8-ylthio)propanehydrazide (6l) as most perspective. The performed QSTR analysis identified that the decreased lipophilicity and smaller dipole moments of the molecules are the structural features ensuring lower neurotoxicity. The obtained results may be used as initial information in the further design of (xanthinyl-8-ylthio)propanhydrazides with potential hMAOB inhibitory effect and pronounced neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kondeva-Burdina
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Street, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence:
| | - Javor Mitkov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Street, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iva Valkova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Street, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lily Peikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Street, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maya Georgieva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Street, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexander Zlatkov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Street, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
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6
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Sudevan ST, Rangarajan TM, Al-Sehemi AG, Nair AS, Koyiparambath VP, Mathew B. Revealing the role of the benzyloxy pharmacophore in the design of a new class of monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200084. [PMID: 35567313 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The conceptual layout of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors has been modified to explore their potential biological application in the case of neurological disorders for the time being. The current review article is an effort to display the summation of innovative conceptual prospects of MAO inhibitors and their intriguing chemistry and bioactivity. Based on this scenario, we emphasize the pivotal role of the benzyloxy moiety attached to scaffolds like oxadiazolones, indolalkylamines, safinamide, caffeine, benzofurans, α-tetralones, β-nitrostyrene, benzoquinones, coumarins, indoles, chromones, and chromanone analogs, while acting as an MAO inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachithra T Sudevan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
| | - T M Rangarajan
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venketeswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, KingKhalid University, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aathira S Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Vishal P Koyiparambath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
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7
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Sharma K. Chromone Scaffolds in the Treatment of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease: An Overview. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh Sharma
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University Gurugram 122505 Haryana INDIA
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8
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Liu H, Zhang S, Li H, Zhang Y, Li Z, Wang B. Synthesis and Biological Activities of Novel 8-((3,4,4-Trifluorobut-3-en-1-yl)thio)-substituted Methylxanthines and Their Derivatives. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202012006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Valkova I, Mitkov J, Georgieva M, Zlatkov A. In silico analysis of monoamine oxidase B inhibitory activity of 8-substituted xanthine derivatives. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2020. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2020.66.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iva Valkova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University - Sofia, 2 Dunav st., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Javor Mitkov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University - Sofia, 2 Dunav st., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maya Georgieva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University - Sofia, 2 Dunav st., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexander Zlatkov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University - Sofia, 2 Dunav st., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
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10
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The evaluation of 1-tetralone and 4-chromanone derivatives as inhibitors of monoamine oxidase. Mol Divers 2020; 25:491-507. [PMID: 32970293 PMCID: PMC7512223 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10143-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is of much clinical relevance, and inhibitors of this enzyme are used in the treatment for neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders such as depression and Parkinson’s disease. The present study synthesises and evaluates the MAO inhibition properties of a series of 33 1-tetralone and 4-chromanone derivatives in an attempt to discover high-potency compounds and to expand on the structure–activity relationships of MAO inhibition by these classes. Among these series, eight submicromolar MAO-A inhibitors and 28 submicromolar MAO-B inhibitors are reported, with all compounds acting as specific inhibitors of the MAO-B isoform. The most potent inhibitor was a 1-tetralone derivative (1h) with IC50 values of 0.036 and 0.0011 µM for MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively. Interestingly, with the reduction of 1-tetralones to the corresponding alcohols, a decrease in MAO inhibition potency is observed. Among these 1-tetralol derivatives, 1p (IC50 = 0.785 μM) and 1o (IC50 = 0.0075 μM) were identified as particularly potent inhibitors of MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively. Potent compounds such as those reported here may act as leads for the future development of MAO-B specific inhibitors. Graphic abstract The present study describes the MAO inhibitory activities of a series of 1-tetralone and 4-chromanone derivatives. Numerous high-potency MAO-B specific inhibitors were identified.![]() Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11030-020-10143-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorised users.
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11
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Design, synthesis and evaluation of phthalide alkyl tertiary amine derivatives as promising acetylcholinesterase inhibitors with high potency and selectivity against Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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de Beer F, Petzer JP, Petzer A. Monoamine oxidase inhibition by selected dye compounds. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 95:355-367. [PMID: 31834986 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is an important drug target as the MAO isoforms play key roles in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, as well as in neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression. Methylene blue is an inhibitor of MAO-A, while azure B, the major metabolite of methylene blue, and various other structural analogues retain the ability to inhibit MAO-A. Based on this, the present study evaluated 22 dyes, many of which are structurally related to methylene blue, as potential inhibitors of human MAO-A and MAO-B. The results highlighted three dye compounds as good potency competitive and reversible MAO inhibitors, and which exhibit higher MAO inhibition than methylene blue: acridine orange, oxazine 170 and Darrow red. Acridine orange was found to be a MAO-A specific inhibitor (IC50 = 0.017 μM), whereas oxazine 170 is a MAO-B specific inhibitor (IC50 = 0.0065 μM). Darrow red was found to be a non-specific MAO inhibitor (MAO-A, IC50 = 0.059 μM; MAO-B, IC50 = 0.065 μM). These compounds may be advanced for further testing and preclinical development, or be used as possible lead compounds for the future design of MAO inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciska de Beer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Anél Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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13
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Tian C, Qiang X, Song Q, Cao Z, Ye C, He Y, Deng Y, Zhang L. Flurbiprofen-chalcone hybrid Mannich base derivatives as balanced multifunctional agents against Alzheimer's disease: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2019; 94:103477. [PMID: 31818478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The complex pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) calls for multitarget approach for disease management. Herein, a series of novel flurbiprofen-chalcone hybrid Mannich base derivatives were designed and synthesized. The biological screening results indicated that most of the derivatives exhibited potent multi-target effects involved in AD. In particular, compound 6c bearing a pyrrolidine group showed the highest activities against self- and Cu2+-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation (70.65% and 54.89% at 25.0 µM, respectively), highly selective inhibition towards AChE and MAO-B (IC50 = 7.15 μM and 0.43 μM respectively), good antioxidant ability and metal-chelating property. Moreover, 6c displayed excellent anti-neuroinflammatory activity and appropriate BBB permeability in vitro. These outstanding results qualified compound 6c as a promising multifunctional agent for further development of disease-modifying treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoquan Tian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoming Qiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qing Song
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhongcheng Cao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chanyuan Ye
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuxi He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Deng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Elderly Digestive, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China.
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14
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Experimental and Computational Evaluation of Piperonylic Acid Derived Hydrazones Bearing Isatin Moieties as Dual Inhibitors of Cholinesterases and Monoamine Oxidases. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1359-1376. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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15
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Mitkov J, Kasabova-Angelova A, Kondeva-Burdina M, Tzankova V, Tzankova D, Georgieva M, Zlatkov A. Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of 8-Thiosubstituted 1,3,7- Trimethylxanthine Hydrazones with In-vitro Neuroprotective and MAO-B Inhibitory Activities. Med Chem 2019; 16:326-339. [PMID: 31146671 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190531121927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The syntheses and biological activities of 8-thiosubstituted-1,3,7- trimethylxanthine derivatives bearing an aromatic hydrazide-hydrazone fragment in the side chain at C8 are described. METHODS The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds 6a-m were confirmed based on their MS, FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR analyses. RESULTS The in vitro investigations of neuroprotective effects manifested on cellular (human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y) and sub-cellular (isolated rat brain synaptosomes) levels show that compounds 6g and 6i demonstrate statistically significant activity. The performed monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibition study in vitro show that compounds 6g and 6i possess a significant MAO-B inhibition activity close to L-deprenyl. CONCLUSION These results suggest that such compounds may be utilized for the development of new candidate MAO-B inhibitors for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javor Mitkov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Street, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexandra Kasabova-Angelova
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Street, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Magdalena Kondeva-Burdina
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Street, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Virginia Tzankova
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Street, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Diana Tzankova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Street, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maya Georgieva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Street, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexander Zlatkov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Street, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
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16
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Hong R, Li X. Discovery of monoamine oxidase inhibitors by medicinal chemistry approaches. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:10-25. [PMID: 30774851 PMCID: PMC6350766 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00446c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and depression, have seriously inconvenienced the lives of patients. Growing evidence indicates that these diseases are closely related to the monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzyme, making it an attractive target for the exploitation of potent MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) with high selectivity and low side effects. Although various MAOIs have been discovered, the discovery of an ideal MAOI is not an easy task. In this review, we discuss the currently available rational design strategies for obtaining ideal MAOIs, including ligand-based and receptor-based design strategies, and these strategies were further illustrated with the aid of specific examples from the recent literature. To better understanding the biological activity of MAO, we also highlight the binding modes of typical inhibitors against MAO. Besides, advanced strategies for finding upcoming potent MAOIs were prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyuan Hong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 , Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: 86 531 88382005
| | - Xun Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 , Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: 86 531 88382005
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17
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Ma QS, Yao Y, Zheng YC, Feng S, Chang J, Yu B, Liu HM. Ligand-based design, synthesis and biological evaluation of xanthine derivatives as LSD1/KDM1A inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 162:555-567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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18
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Dhiman P, Malik N, Khatkar A. 3D-QSAR and in-silico Studies of Natural Products and Related Derivatives as Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:881-900. [PMID: 29189167 PMCID: PMC6080100 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666171128143650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The computational development of human monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors led to advancement in drug design and the treatment of many neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders. The computational development of human monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors led to advancement in drug design and the treatment of many neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders. Different natural heterocyclic structures are reported to display selective MAO inhibitory activity by preclinical and in-silico modeling. OBJECTIVE Currently, the major interest is devoted to the study of natural based therapeutic agents from the different categories. Therefore, we presenting the review to critically discuss and outline the recent advances in our knowledge on the importance of natural and natural based ligand-MAO insilico methods for novel MAO inhibitors. DISCUSSION Several natural and related synthetic heterocyclic compounds such as coumarins, β- carboline, piperine, naphthoquinone, morpholine, caffeine, amphetamine moreover flavonoids, chalcones, xanthones, curcumin are discussed for their MAO inhibitory profile along with molecular docking and quantitative structure-activity relationship studies. CONCLUSION It is clear that, by this computational drug design approach, more particular, reversible and potent compounds can be proposed as MAO inhibitors by exact changes on the fundamental framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Dhiman
- Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Enzyme Inhibition Studies, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak (124001), India
| | - Neelam Malik
- Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Enzyme Inhibition Studies, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak (124001), India
| | - Anurag Khatkar
- Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Enzyme Inhibition Studies, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak (124001), India
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Xu R, Xiao G, Li Y, Liu H, Song Q, Zhang X, Yang Z, Zheng Y, Tan Z, Deng Y. Multifunctional 5,6-dimethoxybenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one-N-alkylbenzylamine derivatives with acetylcholinesterase, monoamine oxidases and β-amyloid aggregation inhibitory activities as potential agents against Alzheimer’s disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:1885-1895. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Lipke A, Makarska-Bialokoz M, Sierakowska A, Jasiewicz B. Non-covalent interactions between thio-caffeine derivatives and water-soluble porphyrin in ethanol-water environment. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 192:304-311. [PMID: 29166626 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To determine the binding interactions and ability to form the non-covalent systems, the association process between 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(trimethylammonio)phenyl]-21H,23H-porphine tetra-p-tosylate (H2TTMePP) and a series of five structurally diverse thio-caffeine analogues has been studied in ethanol and ethanol-water solutions, analyzing its absorption and steady-state fluorescence spectra. The porphyrin fluorescence lifetimes in the systems studied were established as well. During the titration with thio-caffeine compounds the slight bathochromic effect and considerable hypochromicity of the porphyrin Soret band maximum can be noted. The fluorescence quenching effect observed for interactions in H2TTMePP - thio-caffeine derivative systems, as well as the order of binding and fluorescence quenching constants (of 105-103mol-1) suggest the existence of the mechanism of static quenching due to the formation of non-covalent and non-fluorescent stacking complexes. In all the systems studied the phenomenon of the fractional accessibility of the fluorophore for the quencher was observed as well. Additionally, the specific binding interactions, due to the changes in reaction environment polarity, can be observed. It was found that thio-caffeine compounds can quench the porphyrin fluorescence according to the structure of thio-substituent in caffeine molecule. The obtained results can be potentially useful from scientific, therapeutic or environmental points of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Lipke
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, M. C. Sklodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Makarska-Bialokoz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, M. C. Sklodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Arleta Sierakowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Beata Jasiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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21
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Design, synthesis and evaluation of 4′-OH-flurbiprofen-chalcone hybrids as potential multifunctional agents for Alzheimer’s disease treatment. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:1102-1115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Tripathi AC, Upadhyay S, Paliwal S, Saraf SK. Privileged scaffolds as MAO inhibitors: Retrospect and prospects. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 145:445-497. [PMID: 29335210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to be a comprehensive, authoritative, critical, and readable review of general interest to the medicinal chemistry community because it focuses on the pharmacological, chemical, structural and computational aspects of diverse chemical categories as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Monoamine oxidases (MAOs), namely MAO-A and MAO-B represent an enormously valuable class of neuronal enzymes embodying neurobiological origin and functions, serving as potential therapeutic target in neuronal pharmacotherapy, and hence we have coined the term "Neurozymes" which is being introduced for the first time ever. Nowadays, therapeutic attention on MAOIs engrosses two imperative categories; MAO-A inhibitors, in certain mental disorders such as depression and anxiety, and MAO-B inhibitors, in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The use of MAOIs declined due to some potential side effects, food and drug interactions, and introduction of other classes of drugs. However, curiosity in MAOIs is reviving and the recent developments of new generation of highly selective and reversible MAOIs, have renewed the therapeutic prospective of these compounds. The initial section of the review emphasizes on the detailed classification, structural and binding characteristics, therapeutic potential, current status and future challenges of the privileged pharmacophores. However, the chemical prospective of privileged scaffolds such as; aliphatic and aromatic amines, amides, hydrazines, azoles, diazoles, tetrazoles, indoles, azines, diazines, xanthenes, tricyclics, benzopyrones, and more interestingly natural products, along with their conclusive SARs have been discussed in the later segment of review. The last segment of the article encompasses some patents granted in the field of MAOIs, in a simplistic way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash C Tripathi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology, Lucknow 226028, UP, India
| | - Savita Upadhyay
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology, Lucknow 226028, UP, India
| | - Sarvesh Paliwal
- Pharmacy Department, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Tonk 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shailendra K Saraf
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology, Lucknow 226028, UP, India.
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23
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Herraiz T, Flores A, Fernández L. Analysis of monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymatic activity by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection combined with an assay of oxidation with a peroxidase and its application to MAO inhibitors from foods and plants. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1073:136-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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24
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Tripathi RKP, M Sasi V, Gupta SK, Krishnamurthy S, Ayyannan SR. Design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of 2-amino-5-nitrothiazole derived semicarbazones as dual inhibitors of monoamine oxidase and cholinesterase: effect of the size of aryl binding site. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 33:37-57. [PMID: 29098902 PMCID: PMC6009888 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1389920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 2-amino-5-nitrothiazole derived semicarbazones were designed, synthesised and investigated for MAO and ChE inhibition properties. Most of the compounds showed preferential inhibition towards MAO-B. Compound 4, (1-(1-(4-Bromophenyl)ethylidene)-4-(5-nitrothiazol-2-yl)semicarbazide) emerged as lead candidate (IC50 = 0.212 µM, SI = 331.04) against MAO-B; whereas compounds 21 1-(5-Bromo-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-4-(5-nitrothiazol-2-yl)semicarbazide (IC50 = 0.264 µM) and 17 1-((4-Chlorophenyl) (phenyl)methylene)-4-(5-nitrothiazol-2-yl)semicarbazide (IC50 = 0.024 µM) emerged as lead AChE and BuChE inhibitors respectively; with activity of compound 21 almost equivalent to tacrine. Kinetic studies indicated that compound 4 exhibited competitive and reversible MAO-B inhibition while compounds 21 and 17 showed mixed-type of AChE and BuChE inhibition respectively. Docking studies revealed that these compounds were well-accommodated within MAO-B and ChE active sites through stable hydrogen bonding and/or hydrophobic interactions. This study revealed the requirement of small heteroaryl ring at amino terminal of semicarbazone template for preferential inhibition and selectivity towards MAO-B. Our results suggest that 5-nitrothiazole derived semicarbazones could be further exploited for its multi-targeted role in development of anti-neurodegenerative agents. [Formula: see text] A library of 2-amino-5-nitrothiazole derived semicarbazones (4-21) was designed, synthesised and evaluated for in vitro MAO and ChE inhibitory activity. Compounds 4, 21 and 17 (shown) have emerged as lead MAO-B (IC50:0.212 µM, competitive and reversible), AChE (IC50:0.264 µM, mixed and reversible) and BuChE (IC50:0.024 µM, mixed and reversible) inhibitor respectively. SAR studies disclosed several structural aspects significant for potency and selectivity and indicated the role of size of aryl binding site in potency and selectivity towards MAO-B. Antioxidant activity and neurotoxicity screening results further suggested their multifunctional potential for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rati K P Tripathi
- a Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology , Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) , Varanasi , India
| | - Vishnu M Sasi
- a Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology , Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) , Varanasi , India
| | - Sukesh K Gupta
- b Neurotherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology , Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) , Varanasi , India
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- b Neurotherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology , Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) , Varanasi , India
| | - Senthil R Ayyannan
- a Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology , Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) , Varanasi , India
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25
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The evaluation of 1,4-benzoquinones as inhibitors of human monoamine oxidase. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 135:196-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Mladenović M, Patsilinakos A, Pirolli A, Sabatino M, Ragno R. Understanding the Molecular Determinant of Reversible Human Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitors Containing 2H-Chromen-2-One Core: Structure-Based and Ligand-Based Derived Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationships Predictive Models. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:787-814. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.6b00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Mladenović
- Kragujevac Center
for Computational Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, P.O. Box 60, Serbia
| | - Alexandros Patsilinakos
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug
Chemistry and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Rome Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome Italy
- Alchemical Dynamics srl, 00125 Rome, Italy
| | - Adele Pirolli
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug
Chemistry and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Rome Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome Italy
- Department of Information
Technology, IRBM Science Park, Via Pontina km 30, 600, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Sabatino
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug
Chemistry and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Rome Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome Italy
| | - Rino Ragno
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug
Chemistry and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Rome Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome Italy
- Alchemical Dynamics srl, 00125 Rome, Italy
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 4′-aminochalcone-rivastigmine hybrids as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:1030-1041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Li Y, Qiang X, Luo L, Yang X, Xiao G, Zheng Y, Cao Z, Sang Z, Su F, Deng Y. Multitarget drug design strategy against Alzheimer’s disease: Homoisoflavonoid Mannich base derivatives serve as acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase B dual inhibitors with multifunctional properties. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:714-726. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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29
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Li Y, Qiang X, Luo L, Yang X, Xiao G, Liu Q, Ai J, Tan Z, Deng Y. Aurone Mannich base derivatives as promising multifunctional agents with acetylcholinesterase inhibition, anti-β-amyloid aggragation and neuroprotective properties for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 126:762-775. [PMID: 27951485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of aurone Mannich base derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In vitro assays demonstrated that most of the derivatives were selective AChE inhibitors with good multifunctional properties. Among them, compound 7d exhibited outstanding inhibitory activity for RatAChE, EeAChE and HuAChE (IC50 = 0.00878 ± 0.0002 μM, 0.0212 ± 0.006 μM and 0.0371 ± 0.004 μM, respectively). Moreover, 7d displayed high antioxidant activity and could confer significant neuroprotective effect against H2O2-induced PC-12 cell injury. In addition, 7d also showed biometal chelating abilities, good self- and Cu2+-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation inhibitory potency and high BBB permeability. These multifunctional properties highlight 7d as promising candidate for further studies directed to the development of novel drugs against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoming Qiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ganyuan Xiao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sichuan academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiachen Ai
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sichuan academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhenghuai Tan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sichuan academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yong Deng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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30
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Fišar Z. Drugs related to monoamine oxidase activity. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 69:112-24. [PMID: 26944656 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Progress in understanding the role of monoamine neurotransmission in pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders was made after the discovery of the mechanisms of action of psychoactive drugs, including monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. The increase in monoamine neurotransmitter availability, decrease in hydrogen peroxide production, and neuroprotective effects evoked by MAO inhibitors represent an important approach in the development of new drugs for the treatment of mental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. New drugs are synthesized by acting as multitarget-directed ligands, with MAO, acetylcholinesterase, and iron chelation as targets. Basic information is summarized in this paper about the drug-induced regulation of monoaminergic systems in the brain, with a focus on MAO inhibition. Desirable effects of MAO inhibition include increased availability of monoamine neurotransmitters, decreased oxidative stress, decreased formation of neurotoxins, induction of pro-survival genes and antiapoptotic factors, and improved mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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31
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Antioxidant properties of thio-caffeine derivatives: Identification of the newly synthesized 8-[(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonothioyl)sulfanyl]caffeine as antioxidant and highly potent cytoprotective agent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3994-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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32
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Tripathi RKP, Ayyannan SR. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of 2-Amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole-Derived Hydrazones as MAO Inhibitors: Role of the Methylene Spacer Group. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1551-67. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rati K. P. Tripathi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory; Department of Pharmaceutics; Indian Institute of Technology; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221005 Uttar Pradesh India), Fax
| | - Senthil R. Ayyannan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory; Department of Pharmaceutics; Indian Institute of Technology; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221005 Uttar Pradesh India), Fax
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33
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Tripathi RKP, Rai GK, Ayyannan SR. Exploration of a Library of 3,4-(Methylenedioxy)aniline-Derived Semicarbazones as Dual Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidase and Acetylcholinesterase: Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1145-60. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rati K. P. Tripathi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory; Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology; Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi; 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Gopal K. Rai
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory; Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology; Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi; 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Senthil R. Ayyannan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory; Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology; Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi; 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
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Li Y, Qiang X, Luo L, Li Y, Xiao G, Tan Z, Deng Y. Synthesis and evaluation of 4-hydroxyl aurone derivatives as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:2342-51. [PMID: 27079124 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of 4-hydroxyl aurone derivatives were designed synthesized and evaluated as potential multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The results demonstrated that most of the derivatives exhibited good multifunctional properties. Among them, compound 14e displayed good inhibitory activities of self- and Cu(2+)-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation with 99.2% and 84.0% at 25μM, respectively, and high antioxidant activity with a value 1.90-fold of Trolox. In addition, 14e also showed remarkable inhibitory activities of both monoamine oxidase A and B with IC50 values of 0.271μM and 0.393μM, respectively. However the 6-methoxyl aurones 15a-c revealed excellent selectivity toward MAO-B. Furthermore, the representative compounds 14e and 15b displayed good metal-chelating abilities and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeabilities in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoming Qiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuxing Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ganyuan Xiao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhenghuai Tan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yong Deng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Quintanilla G, Usarralde Á, Pérez I, Gargiulo ML, Yakupoglu G, Martín A, Barba F. Anodic Oxidation of Caffeine and Theophylline in Glacial Acetic Acid. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201500047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Quintanilla
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica; Universidad de Alcalá; 28871 Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | - Ángela Usarralde
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica; Universidad de Alcalá; 28871 Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | - Iván Pérez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica; Universidad de Alcalá; 28871 Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | - Maria L. Gargiulo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica; Universidad de Alcalá; 28871 Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | - Gökce Yakupoglu
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica; Universidad de Alcalá; 28871 Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | - Avelino Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica; Universidad de Alcalá; 28871 Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | - Fructuoso Barba
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica; Universidad de Alcalá; 28871 Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
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Tripathi RKP, Krishnamurthy S, Ayyannan SR. Discovery of 3-Hydroxy-3-phenacyloxindole Analogues of Isatin as Potential Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2015; 11:119-32. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rati K. P. Tripathi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory; Department of Pharmaceutics; Indian Institute of Technology; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Neurotherapeutics Laboratory; Department of Pharmaceutics; Indian Institute of Technology; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Senthil R. Ayyannan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory; Department of Pharmaceutics; Indian Institute of Technology; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
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Van Dyk AS, Petzer JP, Petzer A, Legoabe LJ. 3-Coumaranone derivatives as inhibitors of monoamine oxidase. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:5479-89. [PMID: 26491258 PMCID: PMC4599074 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s89961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory properties of a series of 20 3-coumaranone [benzofuran-3(2H)-one] derivatives. The 3-coumaranone derivatives are structurally related to series of α-tetralone and 1-indanone derivatives, which have recently been shown to potently inhibit MAO, with selectivity for MAO-B (in preference to the MAO-A isoform). 3-Coumaranones are similarly found to selectively inhibit human MAO-B with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 0.004–1.05 µM. Nine compounds exhibited IC50<0.05 µM for the inhibition of MAO-B. For the inhibition of human MAO-A, IC50 values ranged from 0.586 to >100 µM, with only one compound possessing an IC50<1 µM. For selected 3-coumaranone derivatives, it is established that MAO-A and MAO-B inhibition are reversible since dialysis of enzyme–inhibitor mixtures almost completely restores enzyme activity. On the basis of the selectivity profiles and potent action, it may be concluded that the 3-coumaranone derivatives are suitable leads for the development of selective MAO-B inhibitors as potential treatment for disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriaan S Van Dyk
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa ; Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa ; Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Anél Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Lesetja J Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Legoabe LJ, Petzer A, Petzer JP. 2-acetylphenol analogs as potent reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015. [PMID: 26203229 PMCID: PMC4507791 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s86225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Based on a previous report that substituted 2-acetylphenols may be promising leads for the design of novel monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, a series of C5-substituted 2-acetylphenol analogs (15) and related compounds (two) were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of human MAO-A and MAO-B. Generally, the study compounds exhibited inhibitory activities against both MAO-A and MAO-B, with selectivity for the B isoform. Among the compounds evaluated, seven compounds exhibited IC50 values <0.01 µM for MAO-B inhibition, with the most selective compound being 17,000-fold selective for MAO-B over the MAO-A isoform. Analyses of the structure–activity relationships for MAO inhibition show that substitution on the C5 position of the 2-acetylphenol moiety is a requirement for MAO-B inhibition, and the benzyloxy substituent is particularly favorable in this regard. This study concludes that C5-substituted 2-acetylphenol analogs are potent and selective MAO-B inhibitors, appropriate for the design of therapies for neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesetja J Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Anél Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa ; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Mathew B, Mathew GE, Uçar G, Baysal I, Suresh J, Vilapurathu JK, Prakasan A, Suresh JK, Thomas A. Development of fluorinated methoxylated chalcones as selective monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors: Synthesis, biochemistry and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Chem 2015; 62:22-9. [PMID: 26189013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of methoxylated chalcones with fluoro and trifluoromethyl derivatives were synthesized and investigated for their ability to inhibit human monoamine oxidase A and B. The chemical structures of the compounds have been characterized by means of their (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, Mass spectroscopic datas and elemental analysis. The results demonstrate that these compounds are reversible and selective MAO-B inhibitors with a competitive mode of inhibition. The most potent compound (2E)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] prop-2-en-1-one showed the best activity and higher selectivity towards hMAO-B with Ki and SI values of 0.22±0.01μM and 0.05 comparable to that standard drug, Selegiline Ki and SI values were found as 0.33±0.03μM and 0.04, respectively. Molecular docking studies were carried out to further explain the in vitro results of the new compounds, and to identify the hypothetical binding mode for the compounds inside the inhibitor binding cavity of hMAO-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Grace College of Pharmacy, Palakkad 678004, Kerala, India.
| | | | - Gülberk Uçar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ipek Baysal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jerad Suresh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Madras Medical College, Chennai 600004, India
| | - Jobin Kunjumon Vilapurathu
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Grace College of Pharmacy, Palakkad 678004, Kerala, India
| | - Aneesh Prakasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Grace College of Pharmacy, Palakkad 678004, Kerala, India
| | | | - Anjana Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology, Grace College of Pharmacy, Palakkad 678004, Kerala, India
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows a relationship between the human MAO-B (hMAO-B) enzyme and neuropsychiatric/degenerative disorder, personality traits, type II alcoholism, borderline personality disorders, aggressiveness and violence in crime, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, suicide, schizophrenia, anorexia nervosa, migraine, dementia, and PD. Thus, MAO-B represents an attractive target for the treatment of a number of human diseases. The discovery, development, and therapeutic use of drugs that inhibit MAO-B are major challenges for future therapy. Various compounds and drugs that selectively target this isoform have been discovered recently. These agents are synthetic compounds or natural products and their analogues, including chalcones, pyrazoles, chromones, coumarins, xanthines, isatin derivatives, thiazolidindiones, (thiazol-2-yl)hydrazones, and analogues of marketed drugs. Despite considerable efforts in understanding the binding interaction with specific substrates or inhibitors, structural information available for the rational design of new hMAO-B inhibitors remains unsatisfactory. Therefore, the quest for novel, potent, and selective hMAO-B inhibitors remains of high interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Carradori
- Dipartimento Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Dipartimento Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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41
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Mostert S, Petzer A, Petzer JP. Indanones As High-Potency Reversible Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidase. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:862-73. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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42
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Chirkova ZV, Kabanova MV, Filimonov SI, Abramov IG, Petzer A, Petzer JP, Firgang SI, Suponitsky KY. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase by indole-5,6-dicarbonitrile derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1206-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Insuasty B, Ramírez J, Becerra D, Echeverry C, Quiroga J, Abonia R, Robledo SM, Vélez ID, Upegui Y, Muñoz JA, Ospina V, Nogueras M, Cobo J. An efficient synthesis of new caffeine-based chalcones, pyrazolines and pyrazolo[3,4-b][1,4]diazepines as potential antimalarial, antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 93:401-13. [PMID: 25725376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A new series of chalcones 5a-f were synthesized from caffeine-based aldehyde 3 and substituted acetophenones 4a-f. Treatment of compounds 5a-f with hydrazine hydrate led to pyrazolines 6a-f, and their subsequent reaction with acetic anhydride or formic acid afforded the corresponding N-substituted pyrazolines 7a-f and 8a-f respectively. Additionally, the regioselective cyclocondensation reaction of chalcones 5a-f with 4,5-diaminopyrazole 9 afforded the diazepine derivatives 10a-f. Synthesis of the above novel compounds was carried out through a simple procedure involving an easy work-up and mild reaction conditions. In vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum was evaluated for the obtained compounds. Among of them, just pirazoline 6a showed an outstanding growth inhibition percentage 85.2 ± 5.4%, while diazepines 10a-f showed remarkable growth inhibitions in the range of 80.3 ± 13.5 to 94.2 ± 0.2% when were tested at 20 μg/mL. Compounds 5b, 5e, 7c and 7f showed remarkable activities against Leishmania panamensis with growth inhibition of 88.3 ± 1.5, 82.6 ± 2.2, 82.8 ± 1.7 and 87.6 ± 0.5% respectively, at 20 μg/mL. In vitro assays against Trypanozoma cruzi showed that pyrazoline 6d displayed a growth inhibition of 61.9 ± 7.8% at 20 μg/mL while chalcone 5f was considered especially active with a growth inhibition of 9.7 ± 1.5% for a very low concentration of 1.0 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braulio Insuasty
- Grupo de Investigación de Compuestos Heterocíclicos, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, A. A. 25360 Cali, Colombia.
| | - Juan Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigación de Compuestos Heterocíclicos, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, A. A. 25360 Cali, Colombia
| | - Diana Becerra
- Grupo de Investigación de Compuestos Heterocíclicos, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, A. A. 25360 Cali, Colombia
| | - Carlos Echeverry
- Grupo de Investigación de Compuestos Heterocíclicos, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, A. A. 25360 Cali, Colombia
| | - Jairo Quiroga
- Grupo de Investigación de Compuestos Heterocíclicos, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, A. A. 25360 Cali, Colombia
| | - Rodrigo Abonia
- Grupo de Investigación de Compuestos Heterocíclicos, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, A. A. 25360 Cali, Colombia
| | - Sara M Robledo
- PECET, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, PO Box 1226, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Iván Darío Vélez
- PECET, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, PO Box 1226, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Yulieth Upegui
- PECET, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, PO Box 1226, Medellín, Colombia
| | - July A Muñoz
- PECET, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, PO Box 1226, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Victoria Ospina
- PECET, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, PO Box 1226, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Manuel Nogueras
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Justo Cobo
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
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The adenosine receptor affinities and monoamine oxidase B inhibitory properties of sulfanylphthalimide analogues. Bioorg Chem 2015; 59:117-23. [PMID: 25746740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Based on a report that sulfanylphthalimides are highly potent monoamine oxidase (MAO) B selective inhibitors, the present study examines the adenosine receptor affinities and MAO-B inhibitory properties of a series of 4- and 5-sulfanylphthalimide analogues. Since adenosine antagonists (A1 and A2A subtypes) and MAO-B inhibitors are considered agents for the therapy of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, dual-target-directed drugs that antagonize adenosine receptors and inhibit MAO-B may have enhanced therapeutic value. The results document that the sulfanylphthalimide analogues are selective for the adenosine A1 receptor over the A2A receptor subtype, with a number of compounds also possessing MAO-B inhibitory properties. Among the compounds evaluated, 5-[(4-methoxybenzyl)sulfanyl]phthalimide was found to possess the highest binding affinity to adenosine A1 receptors with a Ki value of 0.369 μM. This compound is reported to also inhibit MAO-B with an IC50 value of 0.020 μM. Such dual-target-directed compounds may act synergistic in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: antagonism of the A1 receptor may facilitate dopamine release, while MAO-B inhibition may reduce dopamine metabolism. Additionally, dual-target-directed compounds may find therapeutic value in Alzheimer's disease: antagonism of the A1 receptor may be beneficial in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction, while MAO-B inhibition may exhibit neuroprotective properties. In neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, dual-target-directed drugs are expected to be advantageous over single-target treatments.
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Legoabe LJ, Petzer A, Petzer JP. The Synthesis and Evaluation of C7-Substitutedα-Tetralone Derivatives as Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidase. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:895-904. [PMID: 25581511 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lesetja J. Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences; North-West University; Private Bag X6001 Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa
| | - Anél Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences; North-West University; Private Bag X6001 Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa
| | - Jacobus P. Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences; North-West University; Private Bag X6001 Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; North-West University; Private Bag X6001 Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa
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46
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Legoabe LJ, Petzer A, Petzer JP. α-Tetralone derivatives as inhibitors of monoamine oxidase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2758-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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47
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Matos MJ, Vilar S, García-Morales V, Tatonetti NP, Uriarte E, Santana L, Viña D. Insight into the Functional and Structural Properties of 3-Arylcoumarin as an Interesting Scaffold in Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibition. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1488-500. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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48
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Petzer A, Grobler P, Bergh JJ, Petzer JP. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase by selected phenylalkylcaffeine analogues. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 66:677-87. [PMID: 24313346 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Caffeine represents a useful scaffold for the design of monoamine oxidase (MAO) type B inhibitors. Specifically, substitution on the C8 position yields structures which are high-potency MAO-B inhibitors. To explore the structure–activity relationships of MAO-B inhibition by caffeine-derived compounds, this study examines the MAO inhibitory properties of a series of phenylalkylcaffeine analogues.
Methods
Employing the recombinant human enzymes, the potencies (IC50 values) by which the caffeine analogues inhibit MAO-A and MAO-B were measured. The reversibility of inhibition of a selected inhibitor was determined by measuring the recovery of enzyme activity after dilution and dialysis of enzyme-inhibitor mixtures.
Key findings
The results document that the phenylalkylcaffeine analogues are reversible and selective MAO-B inhibitors with a competitive mode of inhibition. The most potent analogue, 8-(7-phenylheptyl)caffeine, exhibits IC50 values for the inhibition of MAO-A and MAO-B of 3.01 μm and 0.086 μm, respectively. Increasing the length of the alkyl side chain leads to enhanced MAO-A and MAO-B inhibitory potency while introduction of a carbonyl group reduces MAO-B inhibitory potency.
Conclusions
Phenylalkylcaffeines represent a new class of high-potency MAO-B inhibitors with the longer alkyl side chains yielding enhanced inhibitory activity. Such compounds may represent useful leads for the development of anti-parkinsonian therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anél Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Paul Grobler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jacobus J Bergh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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49
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Meiring L, Petzer JP, Petzer A. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase by 3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:5498-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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50
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Robinson SJ, Petzer JP, Petzer A, Bergh JJ, Lourens AC. Selected furanochalcones as inhibitors of monoamine oxidase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4985-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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