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Chen G, Obal D. Detecting and measuring of GPCR signaling - comparison of human induced pluripotent stem cells and immortal cell lines. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1179600. [PMID: 37293485 PMCID: PMC10244570 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1179600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family of transmembrane proteins that play a major role in many physiological processes, and thus GPCR-targeted drug development has been widely promoted. Although research findings generated in immortal cell lines have contributed to the advancement of the GPCR field, the homogenous genetic backgrounds, and the overexpression of GPCRs in these cell lines make it difficult to correlate the results with clinical patients. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have the potential to overcome these limitations, because they contain patient specific genetic information and can differentiate into numerous cell types. To detect GPCRs in hiPSCs, highly selective labeling and sensitive imaging techniques are required. This review summarizes existing resonance energy transfer and protein complementation assay technologies, as well as existing and new labeling methods. The difficulties of extending existing detection methods to hiPSCs are discussed, as well as the potential of hiPSCs to expand GPCR research towards personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxian Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Detlef Obal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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2
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Heinz CS, Bermudez M, Jaiswal N, Große C, Kauk M, Hoffmann C, Holzgrabe U. Hybridization into a Bitopic Ligand Increased Muscarinic Receptor Activation for Isopilocarpine but Not for Pilocarpine Derivatives. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:869-881. [PMID: 37042802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pilocarpine (1), a secondary metabolite of several Pilocarpus species, is a therapeutically used partial agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). The available pharmacological data and structure-activity relationships do not provide comparable data for all five receptor subtypes. In this study, pilocarpine (1), its epimer isopilocarpine (2), racemic analogues pilosinine (3) and desmethyl pilosinine (4), and the respective hybrid ligands with a naphmethonium fragment (5-C6 to 8-C6) were synthesized and analyzed in mini-G nano-BRET assays at the five mAChRs. In line with earlier studies, pilocarpine was the most active compound among the orthosteric ligands 1-4. Computational docking of pilocarpine and isopilocarpine to the active M2 receptor suggests that the trans-configuration of isopilocarpine leads to a loss of the hydrogen bond from the lactone carbonyl to N6.52, explaining the lower activity of isopilocarpine. Hybrid formation of pilocarpine (1) and isopilocarpine (2) led to an inverted activity rank, with the trans-configured isopilocarpine hybrid (6-C6) being more active. The hydrogen bond of interest is formed by the isopilocarpine hybrid (6-C6) but not by the pilocarpine hybrid (5-C6). Hybridization thus leads to a modified binding mode of the orthosteric moiety, as the binding mode of the hybrid is dominated by the high-affinity allosteric moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine S Heinz
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Bermudez
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Natasha Jaiswal
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Carolin Große
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Kauk
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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3
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Two-step structural changes in M3 muscarinic receptor activation rely on the coupled G q protein cycle. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1276. [PMID: 36882424 PMCID: PMC9992711 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36911-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate diverse intracellular signaling pathways through the activation of heterotrimeric G proteins. However, the effects of the sequential activation-deactivation cycle of G protein on the conformational changes of GPCRs remains unknown. By developing a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) tool for human M3 muscarinic receptor (hM3R), we find that a single-receptor FRET probe can display the consecutive structural conversion of a receptor by G protein cycle. Our results reveal that the G protein activation evokes a two-step change in the hM3R structure, including the fast step mediated by Gq protein binding and the subsequent slower step mediated by the physical separation of the Gαq and Gβγ subunits. We also find that the separated Gαq-GTP forms a stable complex with the ligand-activated hM3R and phospholipase Cβ. In sum, the present study uncovers the real-time conformational dynamics of innate hM3R during the downstream Gq protein cycle.
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Matera C, Kauk M, Cirillo D, Maspero M, Papotto C, Volpato D, Holzgrabe U, De Amici M, Hoffmann C, Dallanoce C. Novel Xanomeline-Containing Bitopic Ligands of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors: Design, Synthesis and FRET Investigation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052407. [PMID: 36903650 PMCID: PMC10005175 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) receptor sensors have contributed to the understanding of GPCR ligand binding and functional activation. FRET sensors based on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) have been employed to study dual-steric ligands, allowing for the detection of different kinetics and distinguishing between partial, full, and super agonism. Herein, we report the synthesis of the two series of bitopic ligands, 12-Cn and 13-Cn, and their pharmacological investigation at the M1, M2, M4, and M5 FRET-based receptor sensors. The hybrids were prepared by merging the pharmacophoric moieties of the M1/M4-preferring orthosteric agonist Xanomeline 10 and the M1-selective positive allosteric modulator 77-LH-28-1 (1-[3-(4-butyl-1-piperidinyl)propyl]-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone) 11. The two pharmacophores were connected through alkylene chains of different lengths (C3, C5, C7, and C9). Analyzing the FRET responses, the tertiary amine compounds 12-C5, 12-C7, and 12-C9 evidenced a selective activation of M1 mAChRs, while the methyl tetrahydropyridinium salts 13-C5, 13-C7, and 13-C9 showed a degree of selectivity for M1 and M4 mAChRs. Moreover, whereas hybrids 12-Cn showed an almost linear response at the M1 subtype, hybrids 13-Cn evidenced a bell-shaped activation response. This different activation pattern suggests that the positive charge anchoring the compound 13-Cn to the orthosteric site ensues a degree of receptor activation depending on the linker length, which induces a graded conformational interference with the binding pocket closure. These bitopic derivatives represent novel pharmacological tools for a better understanding of ligand-receptor interactions at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Matera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section “Pietro Pratesi”, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Kauk
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Hans Knoell Str. 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Davide Cirillo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section “Pietro Pratesi”, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Maspero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section “Pietro Pratesi”, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Papotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section “Pietro Pratesi”, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Volpato
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco De Amici
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section “Pietro Pratesi”, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Hans Knoell Str. 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Clelia Dallanoce
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section “Pietro Pratesi”, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-503-19327
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Abstract
The genetically encoded fluorescent sensors convert chemical and physical signals into light. They are powerful tools for the visualisation of physiological processes in living cells and freely moving animals. The fluorescent protein is the reporter module of a genetically encoded biosensor. In this study, we first review the history of the fluorescent protein in full emission spectra on a structural basis. Then, we discuss the design of the genetically encoded biosensor. Finally, we briefly review several major types of genetically encoded biosensors that are currently widely used based on their design and molecular targets, which may be useful for the future design of fluorescent biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, No. 3663 Zhong Shan Road North, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yifan Da
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, No. 3663 Zhong Shan Road North, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, No. 3663 Zhong Shan Road North, Shanghai, 200062, China
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6
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Kowalski-Jahn M, Schihada H, Schulte G. Conformational GPCR BRET Sensors Based on Bioorthogonal Labeling of Noncanonical Amino Acids. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2676:201-213. [PMID: 37277635 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3251-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe the application of genetic code expansion and site-specific incorporation of noncanonical amino acids that serve as anchor points for fluorescent labeling to generate bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based conformational sensors. Using a receptor with an N-terminal NanoLuciferase (Nluc) and a fluorescently labeled noncanonical amino acid in the receptor's extracellular part allows to analyze receptor complex formation, dissociation, and conformational rearrangements over time and in living cells. These BRET sensors can be used to investigate ligand-induced intramolecular (cysteine-rich domain [CRD] dynamics), but also intermolecular (dimer dynamics) receptor rearrangements. With the design of BRET conformational sensors based on the minimally invasive bioorthogonal labeling procedure, we describe a method that can be used in a microtiter plate format and can be easily adopted to investigate ligand-induced dynamics in various membrane receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kowalski-Jahn
- Receptor Biology & Signaling, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannes Schihada
- Receptor Biology & Signaling, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Schulte
- Receptor Biology & Signaling, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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7
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Examination of Intracellular GPCR-Mediated Signaling with High Temporal Resolution. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158516. [PMID: 35955656 PMCID: PMC9369311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The GTP-binding protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play important roles in physiology and neuronal signaling. More than a thousand genes, excluding the olfactory receptors, have been identified that encode these integral membrane proteins. Their pharmacological and functional properties make them fascinating targets for drug development, since various disease states can be treated and overcome by pharmacologically addressing these receptors and/or their downstream interacting partners. The activation of the GPCRs typically causes transient changes in the intracellular second messenger concentrations as well as in membrane conductance. In contrast to ion channel-mediated electrical signaling which results in spontaneous cellular responses, the GPCR-mediated metabotropic signals operate at a different time scale. Here we have studied the kinetics of two common GPCR-induced signaling pathways: (a) Ca2+ release from intracellular stores and (b) cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production. The latter was monitored via the activation of cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) ion channels causing Ca2+ influx into the cell. Genetically modified and stably transfected cell lines were established and used in stopped-flow experiments to uncover the individual steps of the reaction cascades. Using two homologous biogenic amine receptors, either coupling to Go/q or Gs proteins, allowed us to determine the time between receptor activation and signal output. With ~350 ms, the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores was much faster than cAMP-mediated Ca2+ entry through CNG channels (~6 s). The measurements with caged compounds suggest that this difference is due to turnover numbers of the GPCR downstream effectors rather than the different reaction cascades, per se.
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8
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Ma X, Gao M, Vischer HF, Leurs R. A NanoBRET-Based H 3R Conformational Biosensor to Study Real-Time H 3 Receptor Pharmacology in Cell Membranes and Living Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158211. [PMID: 35897787 PMCID: PMC9332000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Conformational biosensors to monitor the activation state of G protein-coupled receptors are a useful addition to the molecular pharmacology assay toolbox to characterize ligand efficacy at the level of receptor proteins instead of downstream signaling. We recently reported the initial characterization of a NanoBRET-based conformational histamine H3 receptor (H3R) biosensor that allowed the detection of both (partial) agonism and inverse agonism on living cells in a microplate reader assay format upon stimulation with H3R ligands. In the current study, we have further characterized this H3R biosensor on intact cells by monitoring the effect of consecutive ligand injections in time and evaluating its compatibility with photopharmacological ligands that contain a light-sensitive azobenzene moiety for photo-switching. In addition, we have validated the H3R biosensor in membrane preparations and found that observed potency values better correlated with binding affinity values that were measured in radioligand competition binding assays on membranes. Hence, the H3R conformational biosensor in membranes might be a ready-to-use, high-throughput alternative for radioligand binding assays that in addition can also detect ligand efficacies with comparable values as the intact cell assay.
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Kowalski-Jahn M, Schihada H, Turku A, Huber T, Sakmar TP, Schulte G. Frizzled BRET sensors based on bioorthogonal labeling of unnatural amino acids reveal WNT-induced dynamics of the cysteine-rich domain. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj7917. [PMID: 34757789 PMCID: PMC8580317 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj7917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Frizzleds (FZD1–10) are G protein–coupled receptors containing an extracellular cysteine-rich domain (CRD) binding Wingless/Int-1 lipoglycoproteins (WNTs). Despite the role of WNT/FZD signaling in health and disease, our understanding of how WNT binding is translated into receptor activation and transmembrane signaling remains limited. Current hypotheses dispute the roles for conformational dynamics. To clarify how WNT binding to FZD translates into receptor dynamics, we devised conformational FZD-CRD biosensors based on bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). Using FZD with N-terminal nanoluciferase (Nluc) and fluorescently labeled unnatural amino acids in the linker domain and extracellular loop 3, we show that WNT-3A and WNT-5A induce similar CRD conformational rearrangements despite promoting distinct signaling pathways and that CRD dynamics are not required for WNT/β-catenin signaling. Thus, these FZD-CRD biosensors provide insights into binding, activation, and signaling processes in FZDs. The sensor design is broadly applicable to explore ligand-induced dynamics also in other membrane receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kowalski-Jahn
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Biomedicum 6D, S-17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannes Schihada
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Biomedicum 6D, S-17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ainoleena Turku
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Biomedicum 6D, S-17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Huber
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thomas P. Sakmar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, S-17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Schulte
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Biomedicum 6D, S-17165 Stockholm, Sweden
- Corresponding author.
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Pomorski A, Krężel A. Biarsenical fluorescent probes for multifunctional site-specific modification of proteins applicable in life sciences: an overview and future outlook. Metallomics 2021; 12:1179-1207. [PMID: 32658234 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00093k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent modification of proteins of interest (POI) in living cells is desired to study their behaviour and functions in their natural environment. In a perfect setting it should be easy to perform, inexpensive, efficient and site-selective. Although multiple chemical and biological methods have been developed, only a few of them are applicable for cellular studies thanks to their appropriate physical, chemical and biological characteristics. One such successful system is a tetracysteine tag/motif and its selective biarsenical binders (e.g. FlAsH and ReAsH). Since its discovery in 1998 by Tsien and co-workers, this method has been enhanced and revolutionized in terms of its efficiency, formed complex stability and breadth of application. Here, we overview the whole field of knowledge, while placing most emphasis on recent reports. We showcase the improvements of classical biarsenical probes with various optical properties as well as multifunctional molecules that add new characteristics to proteins. We also present the evolution of affinity tags and motifs of biarsenical probes demonstrating much more possibilities in cellular applications. We summarize protocols and reported observations so both beginners and advanced users of biarsenical probes can troubleshoot their experiments. We address the concerns regarding the safety of biarsenical probe application. We showcase examples in virology, studies on receptors or amyloid aggregation, where application of biarsenical probes allowed observations that previously were not possible. We provide a summary of current applications ranging from bioanalytical sciences to allosteric control of selected proteins. Finally, we present an outlook to encourage more researchers to use these magnificent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pomorski
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
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11
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Oda H, Kihara K, Morimoto Y, Takeuchi S. Cell-Based Biohybrid Sensor Device for Chemical Source Direction Estimation. CYBORG AND BIONIC SYSTEMS 2021; 2021:8907148. [PMID: 36285129 PMCID: PMC9494699 DOI: 10.34133/2021/8907148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper describes a method to estimate the direction from which the signal molecule reaches the sensor by using living cells. In this context, biohybrid sensors that utilize a sophisticated sensing system of cells can potentially offer high levels of chemical-detection sensitivity and selectivity. However, biohybrid-sensor-based chemical-source-direction estimation has not received research attention because the cellular response to chemicals has not been examined in the context of directional information. In our approach, we fabricated a device that can limit the interface between the cell-laden hydrogel and the chemical solution of interest to enhance the time difference over which the chemical solution reaches the cells. Chemical detection by cells that express specific receptors is reflected as the fluorescence of the calcium indicator within the cells. Our device has eight chambers that each house 3D cell-laden collagen hydrogels facing circularly outward. The device also works as a cover to prevent chemicals from permeating the hydrogel from above. In our study, by observing the time course of the fluorescence emission of each chamber, we were able to successfully estimate the chemical-source direction within an error range of 7–13°. Our results suggest that a combination of microstructure devices embedded with living cells can be used to exploit cell functionalities to yield chemical-source directional information.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Oda
- Department of Mechano-Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - K. Kihara
- Department of Mechano-Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y. Morimoto
- Department of Mechano-Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - S. Takeuchi
- Department of Mechano-Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Liput DJ, Nguyen TA, Augustin SM, Lee JO, Vogel SS. A Guide to Fluorescence Lifetime Microscopy and Förster's Resonance Energy Transfer in Neuroscience. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 94:e108. [PMID: 33232577 PMCID: PMC8274369 DOI: 10.1002/cpns.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime microscopy (FLIM) and Förster's resonance energy transfer (FRET) are advanced optical tools that neuroscientists can employ to interrogate the structure and function of complex biological systems in vitro and in vivo using light. In neurobiology they are primarily used to study protein-protein interactions, to study conformational changes in protein complexes, and to monitor genetically encoded FRET-based biosensors. These methods are ideally suited to optically monitor changes in neurons that are triggered optogenetically. Utilization of this technique by neuroscientists has been limited, since a broad understanding of FLIM and FRET requires familiarity with the interactions of light and matter on a quantum mechanical level, and because the ultra-fast instrumentation used to measure fluorescent lifetimes and resonance energy transfer are more at home in a physics lab than in a biology lab. In this overview, we aim to help neuroscientists overcome these obstacles and thus feel more comfortable with the FLIM-FRET method. Our goal is to aid researchers in the neuroscience community to achieve a better understanding of the fundamentals of FLIM-FRET and encourage them to fully leverage its powerful ability as a research tool. Published 2020. U.S. Government.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Liput
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Tuan A. Nguyen
- Laboratory of Biophotonics and Quantum Biology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Shana M. Augustin
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Jeong Oen Lee
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Steven S. Vogel
- Laboratory of Biophotonics and Quantum Biology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
- Corresponding author:
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13
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Jing M, Li Y, Zeng J, Huang P, Skirzewski M, Kljakic O, Peng W, Qian T, Tan K, Zou J, Trinh S, Wu R, Zhang S, Pan S, Hires SA, Xu M, Li H, Saksida LM, Prado VF, Bussey TJ, Prado MAM, Chen L, Cheng H, Li Y. An optimized acetylcholine sensor for monitoring in vivo cholinergic activity. Nat Methods 2020; 17:1139-1146. [PMID: 32989318 PMCID: PMC7606762 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-020-0953-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The ability to directly measure acetylcholine (ACh) release is an essential step toward understanding its physiological function. Here we optimized the GRABACh (GPCR-activation-based ACh) sensor to achieve substantially improved sensitivity in ACh detection, as well as reduced downstream coupling to intracellular pathways. The improved version of the ACh sensor retains the subsecond response kinetics, physiologically relevant affinity and precise molecular specificity for ACh of its predecessor. Using this sensor, we revealed compartmental ACh signals in the olfactory center of transgenic flies in response to external stimuli including odor and body shock. Using fiber photometry recording and two-photon imaging, our ACh sensor also enabled sensitive detection of single-trial ACh dynamics in multiple brain regions in mice performing a variety of behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Jing
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuexuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Huang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics; MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Miguel Skirzewski
- BrainsCAN Rodent Cognition Core, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ornela Kljakic
- Robarts Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medecine and Dentistry, Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wanling Peng
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tongrui Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Section of Neurobiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Simon Trinh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Section of Neurobiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Runlong Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shichen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Sunlei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Samuel A Hires
- Department of Biological Sciences, Section of Neurobiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Min Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haohong Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics; MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lisa M Saksida
- Robarts Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medecine and Dentistry, Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vania F Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medecine and Dentistry, Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy J Bussey
- Robarts Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medecine and Dentistry, Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marco A M Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medecine and Dentistry, Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liangyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Heping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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14
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Labouesse MA, Cola RB, Patriarchi T. GPCR-Based Dopamine Sensors-A Detailed Guide to Inform Sensor Choice for In vivo Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8048. [PMID: 33126757 PMCID: PMC7672611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how dopamine (DA) encodes behavior depends on technologies that can reliably monitor DA release in freely-behaving animals. Recently, red and green genetically encoded sensors for DA (dLight, GRAB-DA) were developed and now provide the ability to track release dynamics at a subsecond resolution, with submicromolar affinity and high molecular specificity. Combined with rapid developments in in vivo imaging, these sensors have the potential to transform the field of DA sensing and DA-based drug discovery. When implementing these tools in the laboratory, it is important to consider there is not a 'one-size-fits-all' sensor. Sensor properties, most importantly their affinity and dynamic range, must be carefully chosen to match local DA levels. Molecular specificity, sensor kinetics, spectral properties, brightness, sensor scaffold and pharmacology can further influence sensor choice depending on the experimental question. In this review, we use DA as an example; we briefly summarize old and new techniques to monitor DA release, including DA biosensors. We then outline a map of DA heterogeneity across the brain and provide a guide for optimal sensor choice and implementation based on local DA levels and other experimental parameters. Altogether this review should act as a tool to guide DA sensor choice for end-users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie A. Labouesse
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Reto B. Cola
- Anatomy and Program in Neuroscience, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tommaso Patriarchi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Mergenthal A, Bouteiller JMC, Yu GJ, Berger TW. A Computational Model of the Cholinergic Modulation of CA1 Pyramidal Cell Activity. Front Comput Neurosci 2020; 14:75. [PMID: 33013341 PMCID: PMC7509450 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2020.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction in cholinergic modulation has been linked to a variety of cognitive disorders including Alzheimer's disease. The important role of this neurotransmitter has been explored in a variety of experiments, yet many questions remain unanswered about the contribution of cholinergic modulation to healthy hippocampal function. To address this question, we have developed a model of CA1 pyramidal neuron that takes into consideration muscarinic receptor activation in response to changes in extracellular concentration of acetylcholine and its effects on cellular excitability and downstream intracellular calcium dynamics. This model incorporates a variety of molecular agents to accurately simulate several processes heretofore ignored in computational modeling of CA1 pyramidal neurons. These processes include the inhibition of ionic channels by phospholipid depletion along with the release of calcium from intracellular stores (i.e., the endoplasmic reticulum). This paper describes the model and the methods used to calibrate its behavior to match experimental results. The result of this work is a compartmental model with calibrated mechanisms for simulating the intracellular calcium dynamics of CA1 pyramidal cells with a focus on those related to release from calcium stores in the endoplasmic reticulum. From this model we also make various predictions for how the inhibitory and excitatory responses to cholinergic modulation vary with agonist concentration. This model expands the capabilities of CA1 pyramidal cell models through the explicit modeling of molecular interactions involved in healthy cognitive function and disease. Through this expanded model we come closer to simulating these diseases and gaining the knowledge required to develop novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Mergenthal
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Center for Neural Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jean-Marie C Bouteiller
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Center for Neural Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gene J Yu
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Center for Neural Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Theodore W Berger
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Center for Neural Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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16
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Perpiñá-Viciano C, Işbilir A, Zarca A, Caspar B, Kilpatrick LE, Hill SJ, Smit MJ, Lohse MJ, Hoffmann C. Kinetic Analysis of the Early Signaling Steps of the Human Chemokine Receptor CXCR4. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 98:72-87. [PMID: 32474443 PMCID: PMC7330677 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.118448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are biologic switches that transduce extracellular stimuli into intracellular responses in the cell. Temporally resolving GPCR transduction pathways is key to understanding how cell signaling occurs. Here, we investigate the kinetics and dynamics of the activation and early signaling steps of the CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR) 4 in response to its natural ligands CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) 12 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), using Förster resonance energy transfer–based approaches. We show that CXCR4 presents a multifaceted response to CXCL12, with receptor activation (≈0.6 seconds) followed by a rearrangement in the receptor/G protein complex (≈1 seconds), a slower dimer rearrangement (≈1.7 seconds), and prolonged G protein activation (≈4 seconds). In comparison, MIF distinctly modulates every step of the transduction pathway, indicating distinct activation mechanisms and reflecting the different pharmacological properties of these two ligands. Our study also indicates that CXCR4 exhibits some degree of ligand-independent activity, a relevant feature for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Perpiñá-Viciano
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), University Hospital Jena, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (C.P.-V., C.H.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (C.P.-V., A.I., M.J.L., C.H.); Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (A.I., M.J.L.); Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.Z., M.J.S.); Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (B.C., L.E.K., S.J.H.); and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, United Kingdom (B.C., L.E.K., S.J.H.)
| | - Ali Işbilir
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), University Hospital Jena, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (C.P.-V., C.H.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (C.P.-V., A.I., M.J.L., C.H.); Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (A.I., M.J.L.); Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.Z., M.J.S.); Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (B.C., L.E.K., S.J.H.); and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, United Kingdom (B.C., L.E.K., S.J.H.)
| | - Aurélien Zarca
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), University Hospital Jena, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (C.P.-V., C.H.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (C.P.-V., A.I., M.J.L., C.H.); Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (A.I., M.J.L.); Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.Z., M.J.S.); Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (B.C., L.E.K., S.J.H.); and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, United Kingdom (B.C., L.E.K., S.J.H.)
| | - Birgit Caspar
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), University Hospital Jena, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (C.P.-V., C.H.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (C.P.-V., A.I., M.J.L., C.H.); Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (A.I., M.J.L.); Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.Z., M.J.S.); Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (B.C., L.E.K., S.J.H.); and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, United Kingdom (B.C., L.E.K., S.J.H.)
| | - Laura E Kilpatrick
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), University Hospital Jena, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (C.P.-V., C.H.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (C.P.-V., A.I., M.J.L., C.H.); Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (A.I., M.J.L.); Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.Z., M.J.S.); Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (B.C., L.E.K., S.J.H.); and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, United Kingdom (B.C., L.E.K., S.J.H.)
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), University Hospital Jena, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (C.P.-V., C.H.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (C.P.-V., A.I., M.J.L., C.H.); Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (A.I., M.J.L.); Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.Z., M.J.S.); Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (B.C., L.E.K., S.J.H.); and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, United Kingdom (B.C., L.E.K., S.J.H.)
| | - Martine J Smit
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), University Hospital Jena, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (C.P.-V., C.H.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (C.P.-V., A.I., M.J.L., C.H.); Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (A.I., M.J.L.); Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.Z., M.J.S.); Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (B.C., L.E.K., S.J.H.); and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, United Kingdom (B.C., L.E.K., S.J.H.)
| | - Martin J Lohse
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), University Hospital Jena, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (C.P.-V., C.H.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (C.P.-V., A.I., M.J.L., C.H.); Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (A.I., M.J.L.); Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.Z., M.J.S.); Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (B.C., L.E.K., S.J.H.); and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, United Kingdom (B.C., L.E.K., S.J.H.)
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), University Hospital Jena, University of Jena, Jena, Germany (C.P.-V., C.H.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (C.P.-V., A.I., M.J.L., C.H.); Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (A.I., M.J.L.); Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.Z., M.J.S.); Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom (B.C., L.E.K., S.J.H.); and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, United Kingdom (B.C., L.E.K., S.J.H.)
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17
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Scida K, Plaxco KW, Jamieson BG. High frequency, real-time neurochemical and neuropharmacological measurements in situ in the living body. Transl Res 2019; 213:50-66. [PMID: 31361988 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The beautiful and complex brain machinery is perfectly synchronized, and our bodies have evolved to protect it against a myriad of potential threats. Shielded physically by the skull and chemically by the blood brain barrier, the brain processes internal and external information so that we can efficiently relate to the world that surrounds us while simultaneously and unconsciously controlling our vital functions. When coupled with the brittle nature of its internal chemical and electric signals, the brain's "armor" render accessing it a challenging and delicate endeavor that has historically limited our understanding of its structural and neurochemical intricacies. In this review, we briefly summarize the advancements made over the past 10 years to decode the brain's neurochemistry and neuropharmacology in situ, at the site of interest in the brain, with special focus on what we consider game-changing emerging technologies (eg, genetically encoded indicators and electrochemical aptamer-based sensors) and the challenges these must overcome before chronic, in situ chemosensing measurements become routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Scida
- Diagnostic Biochips, Inc., Glen Burnie, Maryland
| | - Kevin W Plaxco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California
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18
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Zhang P, Fu C, Xiao Y, Zhang Q, Ding C. Copper(II) complex as a turn on fluorescent sensing platform for acetylcholinesterase activity with high sensitivity. Talanta 2019; 208:120406. [PMID: 31816742 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an important enzyme associated with many nervous diseases, demonstrating the great need for smarter sensing platform with improved sensitivity, selectivity and simplified operation. A "turn on" fluorometric assay is described herein for AChE activity detection, according to the specific enzyme catalyzed reaction of acetylcholine (ATCh) by AChE, which generates thiocholine (TCh) as the product. The well-designed fluorescent probe HBTP possesses ESIPT (Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer) nature, leading to a larger Stokes shift, which could be quenched upon coordination with Cu2+. The fluorescence-silent HBTP-Cu2+ complex could be broken by TCh generated from reaction of ATCh with AChE, giving rise to HBTP release which originates from competitive coordination of TCh with Cu2+. This complex probe HBTP-Cu2+ offers a limit detection as low as 0.02 mU mL-1, which is lower than most reported literatures. Furthermore, both HBTP-Cu2+ and HBTP show little toxicity to live cells and is available in visualizing cellular AChE activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China
| | - Caixia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China
| | - Yuzhe Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China
| | - Caifeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
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19
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Advances in Engineering and Application of Optogenetic Indicators for Neuroscience. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9030562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Our ability to investigate the brain is limited by available technologies that can record biological processes in vivo with suitable spatiotemporal resolution. Advances in optogenetics now enable optical recording and perturbation of central physiological processes within the intact brains of model organisms. By monitoring key signaling molecules noninvasively, we can better appreciate how information is processed and integrated within intact circuits. In this review, we describe recent efforts engineering genetically-encoded fluorescence indicators to monitor neuronal activity. We summarize recent advances of sensors for calcium, potassium, voltage, and select neurotransmitters, focusing on their molecular design, properties, and current limitations. We also highlight impressive applications of these sensors in neuroscience research. We adopt the view that advances in sensor engineering will yield enduring insights on systems neuroscience. Neuroscientists are eager to adopt suitable tools for imaging neural activity in vivo, making this a golden age for engineering optogenetic indicators.
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20
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Sleno R, Hébert TE. Shaky ground - The nature of metastable GPCR signalling complexes. Neuropharmacology 2019; 152:4-14. [PMID: 30659839 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
How G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) interact with one another remains an area of active investigation. Obligate dimers of class C GPCRs such as metabotropic GABA and glutamate receptors are well accepted, although whether this is a general feature of other GPCRs is still strongly debated. In this review, we focus on the idea that GPCR dimers and oligomers are better imagined as parts of larger metastable signalling complexes. We discuss the nature of functional oligomeric entities, their stabilities and kinetic features and how structural and functional asymmetries of such metastable entities might have implications for drug discovery. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Receptor heteromers and their allosteric receptor-receptor interactions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory Sleno
- Marketed Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Bureau, Marketed Health Products Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Canada
| | - Terence E Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Canada.
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21
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Mergenthal AR, Bouteiller JMC, Berger TW. Cholinergic Modulation of CA1 Pyramidal Cells via M1 Muscarinic Receptor Activation: A Computational Study at Physiological and Supraphysiological Levels. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2018:1396-1399. [PMID: 30440653 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8512574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus receives extensive cholinergic modulation from the basal forebrain, which has been shown to have a prominent role in attention, learning, and synaptic plasticity. Disruptions of this modulation have been linked to a variety of neural disorders including Alzheimer's Disease. Pyramidal cells of the CA1 region of the hippocampus express several cholinergic receptor types in different locations throughout the cells' morphology. Developing a computational model of these cells and their modulation provides a unique opportunity to explore how each receptor type alters the overall computational role of the cell. To this end we implemented a kinetic model of the most widely distributed receptor type, the M1 muscarinic receptor and examined its role on excitation of a compartmental model of a CA1 pyramidal cell. We demonstrate that the proposed model replicates the increased pyramidal cell excitability seen in experimental results. We then used the model to replicate the effect of organophosphates, a class of pesticides and chemical weapons, whose effects consist in inhibiting the hydrolysis of acetylcholine; we demonstrated the effect of increasing concentrations of acetylcholine on the pyramidal cell's excitability. The cell model we implemented and its associated modulation constitute a basis for exploring the effects of cholinergic modulation in a large scale network model of the hippocampus both under physiological and supraphysiological levels.
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22
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Jing M, Zhang P, Wang G, Feng J, Mesik L, Zeng J, Jiang H, Wang S, Looby JC, Guagliardo NA, Langma LW, Lu J, Zuo Y, Talmage DA, Role LW, Barrett PQ, Zhang LI, Luo M, Song Y, Zhu JJ, Li Y. A genetically encoded fluorescent acetylcholine indicator for in vitro and in vivo studies. Nat Biotechnol 2018; 36:726-737. [PMID: 29985477 PMCID: PMC6093211 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.4184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) regulates a diverse array of physiological processes throughout the body. Despite its importance, cholinergic transmission in the majority of tissues and organs remains poorly understood owing primarily to the limitations of available ACh-monitoring techniques. We developed a family of ACh sensors (GACh) based on G-protein-coupled receptors that has the sensitivity, specificity, signal-to-noise ratio, kinetics and photostability suitable for monitoring ACh signals in vitro and in vivo. GACh sensors were validated with transfection, viral and/or transgenic expression in a dozen types of neuronal and non-neuronal cells prepared from multiple animal species. In all preparations, GACh sensors selectively responded to exogenous and/or endogenous ACh with robust fluorescence signals that were captured by epifluorescence, confocal, and/or two-photon microscopy. Moreover, analysis of endogenous ACh release revealed firing-pattern-dependent release and restricted volume transmission, resolving two long-standing questions about central cholinergic transmission. Thus, GACh sensors provide a user-friendly, broadly applicable tool for monitoring cholinergic transmission underlying diverse biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871,
China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Guangfu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin
150001, China
| | - Jiesi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871,
China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lukas Mesik
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Department of Physiology & Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine,
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033
| | - Jianzhi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871,
China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huoqing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871,
China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Jess C. Looby
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Undergraduate Class of 2019, University of Virginia College of Arts and Sciences, Charlottesville, VA
22908
| | - Nick A. Guagliardo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Linda W. Langma
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Ju Lu
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Yi Zuo
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA
95064
| | - David A. Talmage
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Lorna W. Role
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Paula Q. Barrett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Li I. Zhang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Department of Physiology & Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine,
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033
| | - Minmin Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yan Song
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
| | - J. Julius Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, China
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EN, Nijmegen,
Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science
and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871,
China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
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23
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Sun F, Zeng J, Jing M, Zhou J, Feng J, Owen SF, Luo Y, Li F, Wang H, Yamaguchi T, Yong Z, Gao Y, Peng W, Wang L, Zhang S, Du J, Lin D, Xu M, Kreitzer AC, Cui G, Li Y. A Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Sensor Enables Rapid and Specific Detection of Dopamine in Flies, Fish, and Mice. Cell 2018; 174:481-496.e19. [PMID: 30007419 PMCID: PMC6092020 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is a central monoamine neurotransmitter involved in many physiological and pathological processes. A longstanding yet largely unmet goal is to measure DA changes reliably and specifically with high spatiotemporal precision, particularly in animals executing complex behaviors. Here, we report the development of genetically encoded GPCR-activation-based-DA (GRABDA) sensors that enable these measurements. In response to extracellular DA, GRABDA sensors exhibit large fluorescence increases (ΔF/F0 ∼90%) with subcellular resolution, subsecond kinetics, nanomolar to submicromolar affinities, and excellent molecular specificity. GRABDA sensors can resolve a single-electrical-stimulus-evoked DA release in mouse brain slices and detect endogenous DA release in living flies, fish, and mice. In freely behaving mice, GRABDA sensors readily report optogenetically elicited nigrostriatal DA release and depict dynamic mesoaccumbens DA signaling during Pavlovian conditioning or during sexual behaviors. Thus, GRABDA sensors enable spatiotemporally precise measurements of DA dynamics in a variety of model organisms while exhibiting complex behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, 100871 Beijing, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, 100871 Beijing, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, 100871 Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Miao Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, 100871 Beijing, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, 100871 Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Jingheng Zhou
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jiesi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, 100871 Beijing, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, 100871 Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Scott F Owen
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yichen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Funing Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, 100871 Beijing, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Takashi Yamaguchi
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Zihao Yong
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, 100871 Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, 100871 Beijing, China; College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Yijing Gao
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Wanling Peng
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Lizhao Wang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Jiulin Du
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Dayu Lin
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Min Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Anatol C Kreitzer
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Guohong Cui
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, 100871 Beijing, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, 100871 Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, 100871 Beijing, China.
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24
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Wang H, Jing M, Li Y. Lighting up the brain: genetically encoded fluorescent sensors for imaging neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 50:171-178. [PMID: 29627516 PMCID: PMC5984720 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Measuring the precise dynamics of specific neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the brain is essential for understanding how information is transmitted and processed. Thanks to the development and optimization of various genetically encoded sensors, we are approaching the stage in which a few key neurotransmitters/neuromodulators can be imaged with high cell specificity and good signal-to-noise ratio. Here, we summarize recent progress regarding these sensors, focusing on their design principles, properties, potential applications, and current limitations. We also highlight the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) scaffold as a promising platform that may enable the scalable development of the next generation of sensors, enabling the rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of a large repertoire of neurotransmitters/neuromodulators in vivo at cellular or even subcellular resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Miao Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China.
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25
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Liu Y, Zeng H, Pediani JD, Ward RJ, Chen LY, Wu N, Ma L, Tang M, Yang Y, An S, Guo XX, Hao Q, Xu TR. Visualization of the activation of the histamine H3 receptor (H3R) using novel fluorescence resonance energy transfer biosensors and their potential application to the study of H3R pharmacology. FEBS J 2018; 285:2319-2336. [PMID: 29701013 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the histamine-3 receptor (H3R) is involved in memory processes and cognitive action, while blocking H3R activation can slow the progression of neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and narcolepsy. To date, however, no direct way to examine the activation of H3R has been utilized. Here, we describe a novel biosensor that can visualize the activation of H3R through an intramolecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) signal. To achieve this, we constructed an intramolecular H3R FRET sensor with cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) attached at the C terminus and yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) inserted into the third intracellular loop. The sensor was found to internalize normally on agonist treatment. We measured FRET signals between the donor CFP and the acceptor YFP in living cells in real time, the results of which indicated that H3R agonist treatment (imetit or histamine) increases the FRET signal in a time- and concentration-dependent manner with Kon and Koff values consistent with published data and which maybe correlated with decreasing cAMP levels and the promotion of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. The FRET signal was inhibited by H3R antagonists, and the introduction of mutations at F419A, F423A, L426A and L427A, once again, the promotion of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, was diminished. Thus, we have built a H3R biosensor which can visualize the activation of receptor through real-time structure changes and which can obtain pharmacological kinetic data at the same time. The FRET signals may allow the sensor to become a useful tool for screening compounds and optimizing useful ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Hong Zeng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - John D Pediani
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard J Ward
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Lu-Yao Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Li Ma
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Mei Tang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Su An
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Guo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Qian Hao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Tian-Rui Xu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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26
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Wang A, Feng J, Li Y, Zou P. Beyond Fluorescent Proteins: Hybrid and Bioluminescent Indicators for Imaging Neural Activities. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:639-650. [PMID: 29482322 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical biosensors have been invaluable tools in neuroscience research, as they provide the ability to directly visualize neural activity in real time, with high specificity, and with exceptional spatial and temporal resolution. Notably, a majority of these sensors are based on fluorescent protein scaffolds, which offer the ability to target specific cell types or even subcellular compartments. However, fluorescent proteins are intrinsically bulky tags, often insensitive to the environment, and always require excitation light illumination. To address these limitations, there has been a proliferation of alternative sensor scaffolds developed in recent years, including hybrid sensors that combine the advantages of synthetic fluorophores and genetically encoded protein tags, as well as bioluminescent probes. While still in their early stage of development as compared with fluorescent protein-based sensors, these novel probes have offered complementary solutions to interrogate various aspects of neuronal communication, including transmitter release, changes in membrane potential, and the production of second messengers. In this Review, we discuss these important new developments with a particular focus on design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiesi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Zou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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27
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Sleno R, Hébert TE. The Dynamics of GPCR Oligomerization and Their Functional Consequences. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 338:141-171. [PMID: 29699691 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The functional importance of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) oligomerization remains controversial. Although obligate dimers of class C GPCRs are well accepted, the generalizability of this phenomenon is still strongly debated with respect to other classes of GPCRs. In this review, we focus on understanding the organization and dynamics between receptor equivalents and their signaling partners in oligomeric receptor complexes, with a view toward integrating disparate viewpoints into a unified understanding. We discuss the nature of functional oligomeric entities, and how asymmetries in receptor structure and function created by oligomers might have implications for receptor function as allosteric machines and for future drug discovery.
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28
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Fernandes DD, Bamrah J, Kailasam S, Gomes GNW, Li Y, Wieden HJ, Gradinaru CC. Characterization of Fluorescein Arsenical Hairpin (FlAsH) as a Probe for Single-Molecule Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13063. [PMID: 29026195 PMCID: PMC5638890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, new labelling strategies have been developed that involve the genetic insertion of small amino-acid sequences for specific attachment of small organic fluorophores. Here, we focus on the tetracysteine FCM motif (FLNCCPGCCMEP), which binds to fluorescein arsenical hairpin (FlAsH), and the ybbR motif (TVLDSLEFIASKLA) which binds fluorophores conjugated to Coenzyme A (CoA) via a phosphoryl transfer reaction. We designed a peptide containing both motifs for orthogonal labelling with FlAsH and Alexa647 (AF647). Molecular dynamics simulations showed that both motifs remain solvent-accessible for labelling reactions. Fluorescence spectra, correlation spectroscopy and anisotropy decay were used to characterize labelling and to obtain photophysical parameters of free and peptide-bound FlAsH. The data demonstrates that FlAsH is a viable probe for single-molecule studies. Single-molecule imaging confirmed dual labeling of the peptide with FlAsH and AF647. Multiparameter single-molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (smFRET) measurements were performed on freely diffusing peptides in solution. The smFRET histogram showed different peaks corresponding to different backbone and dye orientations, in agreement with the molecular dynamics simulations. The tandem of fluorophores and the labelling strategy described here are a promising alternative to bulky fusion fluorescent proteins for smFRET and single-molecule tracking studies of membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis D Fernandes
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A7, Canada.
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada.
| | - Jasbir Bamrah
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Senthilkumar Kailasam
- Alberta RNA Research & Training Institute, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Gregory-Neal W Gomes
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A7, Canada
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Yuchong Li
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A7, Canada
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Hans-Joachim Wieden
- Alberta RNA Research & Training Institute, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Claudiu C Gradinaru
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A7, Canada.
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada.
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29
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Prosser RS, Ye L, Pandey A, Orazietti A. Activation processes in ligand-activated G protein-coupled receptors: A case study of the adenosine A 2A receptor. Bioessays 2017; 39. [PMID: 28787091 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Here we review concepts related to an ensemble description of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The ensemble is characterized by both inactive and active states, whose equilibrium populations and exchange rates depend sensitively on ligand, environment, and allosteric factors. This review focuses on the adenosine A2 receptor (A2A R), a prototypical class A GPCR. 19 F Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) studies show that apo A2A R is characterized by a broad ensemble of conformers, spanning inactive to active states, and resembling states defined earlier for rhodopsin. In keeping with ideas associated with a conformational selection mechanism, addition of agonist serves to allosterically restrict the overall degrees of freedom at the G protein binding interface and bias both states and functional dynamics to facilitate G protein binding and subsequent activation. While the ligand does not necessarily "induce" activation, it does bias sampling of states, increase the cooperativity of the activation process and thus, the lifetimes of functional activation intermediates, while restricting conformational dynamics to that needed for activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Scott Prosser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, UTM, Mississauga, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Libin Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, UTM, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Aditya Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, UTM, Mississauga, ON, Canada
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30
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Sleno R, Devost D, Pétrin D, Zhang A, Bourque K, Shinjo Y, Aoki J, Inoue A, Hébert TE. Conformational biosensors reveal allosteric interactions between heterodimeric AT1 angiotensin and prostaglandin F2α receptors. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:12139-12152. [PMID: 28584054 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.793877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are conformationally dynamic proteins transmitting ligand-encoded signals in multiple ways. This transmission is highly complex and achieved through induction of distinct GPCR conformations, which preferentially drive specific receptor-mediated signaling events. This conformational capacity can be further enlarged via allosteric effects between dimers, warranting further study of these effects. Using GPCR conformation-sensitive biosensors, we investigated allosterically induced conformational changes in the recently reported F prostanoid (FP)/angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) heterodimer. Ligand occupancy of the AT1R induced distinct conformational changes in FP compared with those driven by PGF2α in bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based FP biosensors engineered with Renilla luciferase (RLuc) as an energy donor in the C-tail and fluorescein arsenical hairpin binder (FlAsH)-labeled acceptors at different positions in the intracellular loops. We also found that this allosteric communication is mediated through Gαq and may also involve proximal (phospholipase C) but not distal (protein kinase C) signaling partners. Interestingly, β-arrestin-biased AT1R agonists could also transmit a Gαq-dependent signal to FP without activation of downstream Gαq signaling. This transmission of information was specific to the AT1R/FP complex, as activation of Gαq by the oxytocin receptor did not recapitulate the same phenomenon. Finally, information flow was asymmetric in the sense that FP activation had negligible effects on AT1R-based conformational biosensors. The identification of partner-induced GPCR conformations may help identify novel allosteric effects when investigating multiprotein receptor signaling complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory Sleno
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Dominic Devost
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Darlaine Pétrin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Alice Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Kyla Bourque
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Yuji Shinjo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Terence E Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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31
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Kanda T, Ohyama K, Muramoto H, Kitajima N, Sekiya H. Promising techniques to illuminate neuromodulatory control of the cerebral cortex in sleeping and waking states. Neurosci Res 2017; 118:92-103. [PMID: 28434992 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sleep, a common event in daily life, has clear benefits for brain function, but what goes on in the brain when we sleep remains unclear. Sleep was long regarded as a silent state of the brain because the brain seemingly lacks interaction with the surroundings during sleep. Since the discovery of electrical activities in the brain at rest, electrophysiological methods have revealed novel concepts in sleep research. During sleep, the brain generates oscillatory activities that represent characteristic states of sleep. In addition to electrophysiology, opto/chemogenetics and two-photon Ca2+ imaging methods have clarified that the sleep/wake states organized by neuronal and glial ensembles in the cerebral cortex are transitioned by neuromodulators. Even with these methods, however, it is extremely difficult to elucidate how and when neuromodulators spread, accumulate, and disappear in the extracellular space of the cortex. Thus, real-time monitoring of neuromodulator dynamics at high spatiotemporal resolution is required for further understanding of sleep. Toward direct detection of neuromodulator behavior during sleep and wakefulness, in this review, we discuss developing imaging techniques based on the activation of G-protein-coupled receptors that allow for visualization of neuromodulator dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kanda
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Kaoru Ohyama
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroki Muramoto
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Nami Kitajima
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sekiya
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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32
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Scheggi S, Ferrari A, Pelliccia T, Devoto P, De Montis MG, Gambarana C. Fasting biases μ-opioid receptors toward β-arrestin2-dependent signaling in the accumbens shell. Neuroscience 2017; 352:19-29. [PMID: 28391016 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and dopamine D1 receptor are co-expressed in the medium spiny neurons of striatal areas and the signaling pathways activated by these two receptors are in functional competition. However, in certain conditions an integrated response mediated by the dopamine D1 receptor transduction system is observed. In mice, morphine administration induces hypermotility and this response has been described in terms of a β-arrestin2-dependent mechanism that favors prevalent dopamine D1 receptor activation. In rats, acute morphine administration induces hypermotility only when the animals are food-deprived (FD). We aimed to further investigate the functional interaction between the MOR and dopamine D1 receptors in striatal areas and we studied the effects of acute pharmacological MOR stimulation on motility and nucleus accumbens shell (NAcS) dopamine D1 receptor signaling in control rats and rats with reduced β-arrestin2 expression in the NAcS, either non food-deprived (NFD) or FD. Motility and dopamine D1 receptor signaling increased only in FD rats in a β-arrestin2-dependent way. Moreover, FD rats showed a β-arrestin2-dependent increase in the levels of MOR-dopamine D1 receptor heteromeric complexes in the NAcS. Sucrose consumption is accompanied by release of endogenous opioids and dopamine in the NAcS. We then examined MOR-dopamine D1 receptor interactions after sucrose consumption. Sucrose increased NAcS dopamine D1 receptor signaling in NFD and FD rats, and a reduction in β-arrestin2 expression prevented this effect selectively in FD rats. These results show the β-arrestin2-dependent prevalence of dopamine D1 receptor signaling in response to acute morphine or sucrose consumption elicited by food deprivation in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Scheggi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferrari
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Teresa Pelliccia
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Devoto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Carla Gambarana
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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33
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Messerer R, Kauk M, Volpato D, Alonso Canizal MC, Klöckner J, Zabel U, Nuber S, Hoffmann C, Holzgrabe U. FRET Studies of Quinolone-Based Bitopic Ligands and Their Structural Analogues at the Muscarinic M 1 Receptor. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:833-843. [PMID: 28117571 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aiming to design partial agonists as well as allosteric modulators for the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine (M1AChR) receptor, two different series of bipharmacophoric ligands and their structural analogues were designed and synthesized. The hybrids were composed of the benzyl quinolone carboxylic acid (BQCA)-derived subtype selective allosteric modulator 3 and the orthosteric building block 4-((4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)oxy)-N,N-dimethylbut-2-yn-1-amine (base of iperoxo) 1 or the endogenous ligand 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl acetate (base of acetylcholine) 2, respectively. The two pharmacophores were linked via alkylene chains of different lengths (C4, C6, C8, and C10). Furthermore, the corresponding structural analogues of 1 and 2 and of modified BQCA 3 with varying alkyl chain length between C2 and C10 were investigated. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements in a living single cell system were investigated in order to understand how these compounds interact with a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) on a molecular level and how the single moieties contribute to ligand receptor interaction. The characterization of the modified orthosteric ligands indicated that a linker attached to an orthoster rapidly attenuates the receptor response. Linker length elongation increases the receptor response of bitopic ligands, until reaching a maximum, followed by a gradual decrease. The optimal linker length was found to be six methylene groups at the M1AChR. A new conformational change is described that is not of inverse agonistic origin for long linker bitopic ligands and was further investigated by exceptional fragment-based screening approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Messerer
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Kauk
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher
Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf
Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef Schneider Straße 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Volpato
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Consuelo Alonso Canizal
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher
Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf
Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef Schneider Straße 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jessika Klöckner
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Zabel
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher
Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf
Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef Schneider Straße 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Nuber
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher
Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf
Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef Schneider Straße 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher
Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf
Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef Schneider Straße 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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34
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Bagheri F, Piri K, Mohsenifar A, Ghaderi S. FRET-based nanobiosensor for detection of scopolamine in hairy root extraction of Atropa belladonna. Talanta 2017; 164:593-600. [PMID: 28107978 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive, selective, and rapid optical nanobiosensor based on FRET was designed to detect tropane alkaloids as anti-cholinergic agents in natural and transgenic hairy roots extracts of Atropa belladonna. To achieve that, conjugation of tioglycolyic acid capped cadmium telluride quantum Dots, M2 muscarinic receptor (Cd/Te QDs-M2R) and conjugation of scopolamine-rhodamine123 (Sc-Rho123) were performed. More specifically, proportional amounts of M2 muscarinic receptor and quantum dots (QDs) were conjugated while scopolamine (as a tropane alkaloid) and rhodamine123 were also combined and these moieties functioned as donor and acceptor pairs, respectively. The system response was linear over the range of 0.01-4µmolL-1 of scopolamine hydrochloride concentration with a detection limit of 0.001µmolL-1. The developed nanobiosensor was successfully used for in vitro recognition of scopolamine as an anti-cholinergic agent in the investigated plant extracts. In addition, Agrobacterium rhizogenesis mediated gene transfer technique was employed to generate hairy roots and to enhance the production of tropane alkaloids in the studied medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshte Bagheri
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran; Research Pharmaceutical Center, School of pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Khosro Piri
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | | | - Smaiil Ghaderi
- Department of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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35
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Bourque K, Pétrin D, Sleno R, Devost D, Zhang A, Hébert TE. Distinct Conformational Dynamics of Three G Protein-Coupled Receptors Measured Using FlAsH-BRET Biosensors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:61. [PMID: 28439254 PMCID: PMC5383666 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have profiled G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) conformation using fluorescent biaresenical hairpin binders (FlAsH) as acceptors for BRET or FRET. These conformation-sensitive biosensors allow reporting of movements occurring on the intracellular surface of a receptor to investigate mechanisms of receptor activation and function. Here, we generated eight FlAsH-BRET-based biosensors within the sequence of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) and compared agonist-induced responses to the angiotensin II receptor type I (AT1R) and the prostaglandin F2α receptor (FP). Although all three receptors had FlAsH-binding sequences engineered into the third intracellular loops and carboxyl-terminal domain, both the magnitude and kinetics of the BRET responses to ligand were receptor-specific. Biosensors in ICL3 of both the AT1R and FP responded robustly when stimulated with their respective full agonists as opposed to the β2AR where responses in the third intracellular loop were weak and transient when engaged by isoproterenol. C-tail sensors responses were more robust in the β2AR and AT1R but not in FP. Even though GPCRs share the heptahelical topology and are expressed in the same cellular background, different receptors have unique conformational fingerprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla Bourque
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Darlaine Pétrin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rory Sleno
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dominic Devost
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alice Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Terence E. Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Terence E. Hébert,
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36
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Pancreatic Beta Cell G-Protein Coupled Receptors and Second Messenger Interactions: A Systems Biology Computational Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152869. [PMID: 27138453 PMCID: PMC4854486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin secretory in pancreatic beta-cells responses to nutrient stimuli and hormonal modulators include multiple messengers and signaling pathways with complex interdependencies. Here we present a computational model that incorporates recent data on glucose metabolism, plasma membrane potential, G-protein-coupled-receptors (GPCR), cytoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum calcium dynamics, cAMP and phospholipase C pathways that regulate interactions between second messengers in pancreatic beta-cells. The values of key model parameters were inferred from published experimental data. The model gives a reasonable fit to important aspects of experimentally measured metabolic and second messenger concentrations and provides a framework for analyzing the role of metabolic, hormones and neurotransmitters changes on insulin secretion. Our analysis of the dynamic data provides support for the hypothesis that activation of Ca2+-dependent adenylyl cyclases play a critical role in modulating the effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and catecholamines. The regulatory properties of adenylyl cyclase isoforms determine fluctuations in cytoplasmic cAMP concentration and reveal a synergistic action of glucose, GLP-1 and GIP on insulin secretion. On the other hand, the regulatory properties of phospholipase C isoforms determine the interaction of glucose, acetylcholine and free fatty acids (FFA) (that act through the FFA receptors) on insulin secretion. We found that a combination of GPCR agonists activating different messenger pathways can stimulate insulin secretion more effectively than a combination of GPCR agonists for a single pathway. This analysis also suggests that the activators of GLP-1, GIP and FFA receptors may have a relatively low risk of hypoglycemia in fasting conditions whereas an activator of muscarinic receptors can increase this risk. This computational analysis demonstrates that study of second messenger pathway interactions will improve understanding of critical regulatory sites, how different GPCRs interact and pharmacological targets for modulating insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes.
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37
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Butcher AJ, Bradley SJ, Prihandoko R, Brooke SM, Mogg A, Bourgognon JM, Macedo-Hatch T, Edwards JM, Bottrill AR, Challiss RAJ, Broad LM, Felder CC, Tobin AB. An Antibody Biosensor Establishes the Activation of the M1 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor during Learning and Memory. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:8862-75. [PMID: 26826123 PMCID: PMC4861454 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.681726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing the in vivo activation status of G protein-coupled receptors would not only indicate physiological roles of G protein-coupled receptors but would also aid drug discovery by establishing drug/receptor engagement. Here, we develop a phospho-specific antibody-based biosensor to detect activation of the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M1 mAChR) in vitro and in vivo. Mass spectrometry phosphoproteomics identified 14 sites of phosphorylation on the M1 mAChR. Phospho-specific antibodies to four of these sites established that serine at position 228 (Ser228) on the M1 mAChR showed extremely low levels of basal phosphorylation that were significantly up-regulated by orthosteric agonist stimulation. In addition, the M1 mAChR-positive allosteric modulator, 1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid, enhanced acetylcholine-mediated phosphorylation at Ser228. These data supported the hypothesis that phosphorylation at Ser228 was an indicator of M1 mAChR activation. This was further supported in vivo by the identification of phosphorylated Ser228 on the M1 mAChR in the hippocampus of mice following administration of the muscarinic ligands xanomeline and 1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid. Finally, Ser228 phosphorylation was seen to increase in the CA1 region of the hippocampus following memory acquisition, a response that correlated closely with up-regulation of CA1 neuronal activity. Thus, determining the phosphorylation status of the M1 mAChR at Ser228 not only provides a means of establishing receptor activation following drug treatment both in vitro and in vivo but also allows for the mapping of the activation status of the M1 mAChR in the hippocampus following memory acquisition thereby establishing a link between M1 mAChR activation and hippocampus-based memory and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Adrian Mogg
- Eli Lilly and Co. Neuroscience, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Andrew R Bottrill
- Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry Laboratory, University of Leicester, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - R A John Challiss
- the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa M Broad
- Eli Lilly and Co. Neuroscience, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Christian C Felder
- Eli Lilly and Co. Neuroscience, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, and
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38
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van Unen J, Stumpf AD, Schmid B, Reinhard NR, Hordijk PL, Hoffmann C, Gadella TWJ, Goedhart J. A New Generation of FRET Sensors for Robust Measurement of Gαi1, Gαi2 and Gαi3 Activation Kinetics in Single Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146789. [PMID: 26799488 PMCID: PMC4723041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) can activate a heterotrimeric G-protein complex with subsecond kinetics. Genetically encoded biosensors based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) are ideally suited for the study of such fast signaling events in single living cells. Here we report on the construction and characterization of three FRET biosensors for the measurement of Gαi1, Gαi2 and Gαi3 activation. To enable quantitative long-term imaging of FRET biosensors with high dynamic range, fluorescent proteins with enhanced photophysical properties are required. Therefore, we use the currently brightest and most photostable CFP variant, mTurquoise2, as donor fused to Gαi subunit, and cp173Venus fused to the Gγ2 subunit as acceptor. The Gαi FRET biosensors constructs are expressed together with Gβ1 from a single plasmid, providing preferred relative expression levels with reduced variation in mammalian cells. The Gαi FRET sensors showed a robust response to activation of endogenous or over-expressed alpha-2A-adrenergic receptors, which was inhibited by pertussis toxin. Moreover, we observed activation of the Gαi FRET sensor in single cells upon stimulation of several GPCRs, including the LPA2, M3 and BK2 receptor. Furthermore, we show that the sensors are well suited to extract kinetic parameters from fast measurements in the millisecond time range. This new generation of FRET biosensors for Gαi1, Gαi2 and Gαi3 activation will be valuable for live-cell measurements that probe Gαi activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakobus van Unen
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94215, NL-1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anette D Stumpf
- Bio-Imaging-Center/Rudolf-Virchow-Zentrum and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schmid
- Bio-Imaging-Center/Rudolf-Virchow-Zentrum and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie R Reinhard
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94215, NL-1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, NL-1066 CX, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter L Hordijk
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94215, NL-1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, NL-1066 CX, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Bio-Imaging-Center/Rudolf-Virchow-Zentrum and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Theodorus W J Gadella
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94215, NL-1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Goedhart
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94215, NL-1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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39
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Stumpf AD, Hoffmann C. Optical probes based on G protein-coupled receptors - added work or added value? Br J Pharmacol 2015; 173:255-66. [PMID: 26562218 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2003, the first report was published that presented proof of principle for a novel class of FRET biosensors for use in living cells. This novel sensor class was built on the base of GPCRs, which represent an integral transmembrane receptor family passing the membrane seven times and are thus also called the 7TM receptor family. As an estimated number of 30% of all marketed drugs exert their effects by modulating GPCR function, these initial reports promised the gain of novel insights into receptor function. Such FRET sensors have slowly, but progressively, made their way into the standard toolbox for GPCR research as several groups are now reporting on the generation and use of these sensors. By now, FRET sensors have been reported for 18 different GPCRs, and more are expected to be added. These particular receptor sensors have been used to investigate receptor dynamics in living cells to evaluate ligand binding and ligand efficacy in real time, to study voltage and mechanosensitivity of GPCRs or to study the influence of receptor polymorphisms on receptor function in real-time. In this review we will describe the different design principles of these GPCR-based sensors and will summarize their current biological applications in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Stumpf
- Bio-Imaging Center, Rudolf-Virchow-Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - C Hoffmann
- Bio-Imaging Center, Rudolf-Virchow-Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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40
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Rinne A, Mobarec JC, Mahaut-Smith M, Kolb P, Bünemann M. The mode of agonist binding to a G protein-coupled receptor switches the effect that voltage changes have on signaling. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra110. [PMID: 26535008 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aac7419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Signaling by many heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is either enhanced or attenuated by changes in plasma membrane potential. To identify structural correlates of the voltage sensitivity of GPCR signaling, we chose muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (the M1, M3, and M5 isoforms) as a model system. We combined molecular docking analysis with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based assays that monitored receptor activity under voltage clamp conditions. When human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells expressing the individual receptors were stimulated with the agonist carbachol, membrane depolarization enhanced signaling by the M1 receptor but attenuated signaling by the M3 and M5 receptors. Furthermore, whether membrane depolarization enhanced or inhibited receptor signaling depended on the type of agonist. Membrane depolarization attenuated M3 receptor signaling when the receptor was bound to carbachol or acetylcholine, whereas depolarization enhanced signaling when the receptor was bound to either choline or pilocarpine. Docking calculations predicted that there were two distinct binding modes for these ligands, which were associated with the effect of depolarization on receptor function. From these calculations, we identified a residue in the M3 receptor that, when mutated, would alter the binding mode of carbachol to resemble that of pilocarpine in silico. Introduction of this mutated M3 receptor into cells confirmed that the membrane depolarization enhanced, rather than attenuated, signaling by the carbachol-bound receptor. Together, these data suggest that the directionality of the voltage sensitivity of GPCR signaling is defined by the specific binding mode of each ligand to the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Rinne
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Juan Carlos Mobarec
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Martyn Mahaut-Smith
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Leicester, University Road, P. O. Box 138, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Bünemann
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 1, D-35043 Marburg, Germany.
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41
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Randáková A, Dolejší E, Rudajev V, Zimčík P, Doležal V, El-Fakahany EE, Jakubík J. Classical and atypical agonists activate M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors through common mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2015; 97:27-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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42
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Sleno R, Pétrin D, Devost D, Goupil E, Zhang A, Hébert TE. Designing BRET-based conformational biosensors for G protein-coupled receptors. Methods 2015; 92:11-8. [PMID: 25962643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-biased signaling is starting to have significant impact on drug discovery programs in the pharmaceutical industry and has reinvigorated our understanding of pharmacological efficacy. As such, many investigators and screening campaigns are now being directed at a larger section of the signaling responses downstream of an individual G protein-coupled receptor. Many biosensor-based platforms have been developed to capture signaling signatures. Despite our growing ability to use such signaling signatures, we remain hampered by the fact that signaling signatures may be particular to an individual cell type and thus our platforms may not be portable from cell to cell, necessitating further cell-specific biosensor development. Here, we provide a complementary strategy based on capturing receptor-proximal conformational profiles using intra-molecular BRET-based sensors composed of a Renilla luciferase donor engineered into the carboxy-terminus and CCPGCC motifs which bind fluorescent hairpin arsenical dyes engineered into different positions in intracellular loop 3 of FP, the receptor for PGF2α. We discuss the design and optimization of such sensors for orthosteric and allosteric ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory Sleno
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Canada
| | - Darlaine Pétrin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Canada
| | - Dominic Devost
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Canada
| | - Eugénie Goupil
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Canada
| | - Alice Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Canada
| | - Terence E Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Canada.
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43
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Naganathan S, Ray-Saha S, Park M, Tian H, Sakmar TP, Huber T. Multiplex detection of functional G protein-coupled receptors harboring site-specifically modified unnatural amino acids. Biochemistry 2015; 54:776-86. [PMID: 25524496 PMCID: PMC4310623 DOI: 10.1021/bi501267x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
We developed a strategy for identifying
positions in G protein-coupled
receptors that are amenable to bioorthogonal modification with a peptide
epitope tag under cell culturing conditions. We introduced the unnatural
amino acid p-azido-l-phenylalanine (azF)
into human CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) at site-specific amber codon
mutations. We then used strain-promoted azide–alkyne [3+2]
cycloaddition to label the azF-CCR5 variants with a FLAG peptide epitope-conjugated
aza-dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) reagent. A microtiter plate-based sandwich
fluorophore-linked immunosorbent assay was used to probe simultaneously
the FLAG epitope and the receptor using infrared dye-conjugated antibodies
so that the extent of DBCO incorporation, corresponding nominally
to labeling efficiency, could be quantified ratiometrically. The extent
of incorporation of DBCO at the various sites was evaluated in the
context of a recent crystal structure of maraviroc-bound CCR5. We
observed that labeling efficiency varied dramatically depending on
the topological location of the azF in CCR5. Interestingly, position
109 in transmembrane helix 3, located in a hydrophobic cavity on the
extracellular side of the receptor, was labeled most efficiently.
Because the bioorthogonal labeling and detection strategy described
might be used to introduce a variety of different peptide epitopes
or fluorophores into engineered expressed receptors, it might prove
to be useful for a wide range of applications, including single-molecule
detection studies of receptor trafficking and signaling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranga Naganathan
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University , New York, New York 10065, United States
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Fenzl C, Genslein C, Zöpfl A, Baeumner AJ, Hirsch T. A photonic crystal based sensing scheme for acetylcholine and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:2089-2095. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01970a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A 2-layer approach towards optical sensing of acetylcholine and detection of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor using photonic crystal sensor technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Fenzl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- Chemo- and Biosensors. University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Christa Genslein
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- Chemo- and Biosensors. University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Alexander Zöpfl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- Chemo- and Biosensors. University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Antje J. Baeumner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- Chemo- and Biosensors. University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Thomas Hirsch
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- Chemo- and Biosensors. University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
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Wolters V, Krasel C, Brockmann J, Bünemann M. Influence of gαq on the dynamics of m3-acetylcholine receptor-g-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 interaction. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 87:9-17. [PMID: 25316767 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.094722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is a serine/threonine kinase with an important function in the desensitization of G-protein-coupled receptors. Based on its ability to bind G-protein βγ subunits as well as activated Gαq subunits, it can be considered as an effector for G-proteins. The recruitment of GRK2 to activated receptors is well known to be mediated by Gβγ together with negatively charged membrane phospholipids. In the current study, we address the role of Gαq on the interaction of GRK2 with activated Gq-protein-coupled receptors. Therefore, we established new Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based assays to study the interaction of GRK2 with the M3-acetylcholine (M3-ACh) receptor as well as Gq-protein subunits with high spatiotemporal resolution in single living human embryonic kidney 293T cells. M3-ACh receptor stimulation with 10 µM acetylcholine resulted in distinct changes in FRET, which reflects interaction of the respective proteins. GRK2 mutants with reduced binding affinity toward Gαq [GRK2(D110A)] and Gβγ [GRK2(R587Q)] were used to determine the specific role of Gq-protein-binding by GRK2. Comparison of absolute FRET amplitudes demonstrated that Gαq enhances the extent and stability of the GRK2-M3-ACh receptor interaction, and that not only Gβγ but also Gαq can target GRK2 to the membrane. This reveals an important role of Gαq in efficient recruitment of GRK2 to M3-ACh receptors. Furthermore, interactions between Gαq and GRK2 were associated with a prolongation of the interaction between GRK2 and the M3-ACh receptor and enhanced arrestin recruitment by these receptors, indicating that Gαq influences signaling and desensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Wolters
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany (V.W., C.K., M.B.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.B.)
| | - Cornelius Krasel
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany (V.W., C.K., M.B.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.B.)
| | - Jörg Brockmann
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany (V.W., C.K., M.B.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.B.)
| | - Moritz Bünemann
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany (V.W., C.K., M.B.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.B.)
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46
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Ma Z, Du L, Li M. Toward fluorescent probes for G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). J Med Chem 2014; 57:8187-203. [PMID: 24983484 DOI: 10.1021/jm401823z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), a superfamily of cell-surface receptors that are the targets of about 40% of prescription drugs on the market, can sense numerous critical extracellular signals. Recent breakthroughs in structural biology, especially in holo-form X-ray crystal structures, have contributed to our understanding of GPCR signaling. However, actions of GPCRs at the cellular and molecular level, interactions between GPCRs, and the role of protein dynamics in receptor activities still remain controversial. To overcome these dilemmas, fluorescent probes of GPCRs have been employed, which have advantages of in vivo safety and real-time monitoring. Various probes that depend on specific mechanisms and/or technologies have been used to study GPCRs. The present review focuses on surveying the design and applications of fluorescent probes for GPCRs that are derived from small molecules or using protein-labeling techniques, as well as discussing some design strategies for new probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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47
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48
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Gómez-Soler M, Fernández-Dueñas V, Portillo-Salido E, Pérez P, Zamanillo D, Vela JM, Burgueño J, Ciruela F. Predicting the antinociceptive efficacy of σ(1) receptor ligands by a novel receptor fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) based biosensor. J Med Chem 2014; 57:238-42. [PMID: 24354313 DOI: 10.1021/jm401529t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a novel methodology for monitoring the σ1 receptor activation switch in living cells. Our assay uncovered the intrinsic nature of σ1 receptor ligands by recording the ligand-mediated conformational changes of this chaperone protein. The change triggered by each ligand correlated well with its ability to attenuate formalin induced nociception in an animal model of pain. This tool may assist in predicting the antinociceptive efficacy of σ1 receptor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricel Gómez-Soler
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona , L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
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49
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Sridharan R, Zuber J, Connelly SM, Mathew E, Dumont ME. Fluorescent approaches for understanding interactions of ligands with G protein coupled receptors. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1838:15-33. [PMID: 24055822 PMCID: PMC3926105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
G protein coupled receptors are responsible for a wide variety of signaling responses in diverse cell types. Despite major advances in the determination of structures of this class of receptors, the underlying mechanisms by which binding of different types of ligands specifically elicits particular signaling responses remain unclear. The use of fluorescence spectroscopy can provide important information about the process of ligand binding and ligand dependent conformational changes in receptors, especially kinetic aspects of these processes that can be difficult to extract from X-ray structures. We present an overview of the extensive array of fluorescent ligands that have been used in studies of G protein coupled receptors and describe spectroscopic approaches for assaying binding and probing the environment of receptor-bound ligands with particular attention to examples involving yeast pheromone receptors. In addition, we discuss the use of fluorescence spectroscopy for detecting and characterizing conformational changes in receptors induced by the binding of ligands. Such studies have provided strong evidence for diversity of receptor conformations elicited by different ligands, consistent with the idea that GPCRs are not simple on and off switches. This diversity of states constitutes an underlying mechanistic basis for biased agonism, the observation that different stimuli can produce different responses from a single receptor. It is likely that continued technical advances will allow fluorescence spectroscopy to play an important role in continued probing of structural transitions in G protein coupled receptors. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Structural and biophysical characterisation of membrane protein-ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashri Sridharan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, P.O. Box 712, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Jeffrey Zuber
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, P.O. Box 712, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Sara M. Connelly
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, P.O. Box 712, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Elizabeth Mathew
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, P.O. Box 712, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Mark E. Dumont
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, P.O. Box 712, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Pediatrics, P.O. Box 777, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
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50
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Lohse MJ, Maiellaro I, Calebiro D. Kinetics and mechanism of G protein-coupled receptor activation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2013; 27:87-93. [PMID: 24530699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The activation of a G protein-coupled receptor is generally triggered by binding of an agonist to the receptor's binding pocket, or, in the case of rhodopsin, by light-induced changes of the pre-bound retinal. This is followed by a series of a conformational changes towards an active receptor conformation, which is capable of signalling to G proteins and other downstream proteins. In the past few years, a number of new techniques have been employed to analyze the kinetics of this activation process, including X-ray crystallographic three-dimensional structures of receptors in the inactive and the active states, NMR studies of labelled receptors, molecular simulations, and optical analyses with fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Here we review our current understanding of the activation process of GPCRs as well as open questions in the sequence of events ranging from (sub-)microsecond activation by light or agonist binding to millisecond activation of receptors by soluble ligands and the subsequent generation of an intracellular signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Lohse
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG-Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Isabella Maiellaro
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG-Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Davide Calebiro
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG-Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
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