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Asmaey MA, Hamed A, Shaaban M. Natural Peroxides from Plants: Historical Discovery, Biosynthesis, and Biological Activities. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400644. [PMID: 38958342 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Naturally occurring peroxides received great interest and attention from scientific research groups worldwide due to their structural diversity, versatile biological activities, and pharmaceutical properties. In the present review, we describe the historical discovery of natural peroxides from plants systematically and update the researchers with recently explored ones justifying their structural caterogrization and biological/pharmaceutical properties intensively. Till the end of 2023, 192 peroxy natural products from plants were documented herein for the first time implying most categories of natural scaffolds (e. g. terpenes, polyketides, phenolics and alkaloids). Numerically, the reported plants' peroxides have been classified into seventy-four hydro-peroxides, hundred seven endo-peroxides and eleven acyl-peroxides. Endo-peroxides (cyclic alkyl peroxides) are an important group due to their high variety of structural frameworks, and we have further divided them into "four-, five-, six and seven"-membered rings. Biosynthetically, a shedding light on the intricate mechanisms behind the formation of plant-derived peroxides are addressed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A Asmaey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Abdelaaty Hamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City-Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Shaaban
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St. 33, Dokki-Cairo, 12622, Egypt
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2
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Khalid AQ, Zaidan TN, Bhuvanendran S, Magalingam KB, Mohamedahmed SM, Ramdas P, Radhakrishnan AK. Insights into the Anticancer Mechanisms Modulated by Gamma and Delta Tocotrienols in Colorectal Cancers. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae108. [PMID: 39181121 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a growing concern all over the world. There has been a concerted effort to identify natural bioactive compounds that can be used to prevent or overcome this condition. Tocotrienols (T3s) are a naturally occurring form of vitamin E known for various therapeutic effects, such as anticancer, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities. The literature evidence suggests that two T3 analogues, ie, gamma (γ)- and delta (δ)-T3, can modulate cancers via several cancer-related signaling pathways. The aim of this review was to compile and analyze the existing literature on the diverse anticancer mechanisms of γT3 and δT3 exhibited in CRC cells, to showcase the anticancer potential of T3s. Medline was searched for research articles on anticancer effects of γT3 and δT3 in CRC published in the past 2 decades. A total of 38 articles (26 cell-based, 9 animal studies, 2 randomized clinical trials, and 1 scoping review) that report anticancer effects of γT3 and δT3 in CRC were identified. The findings reported in those articles indicate that γT3 and δT3 inhibit the proliferation of CRC cells, induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, suppress metastasis, and produce synergistic anticancer effects when combined with well-established anticancer agents. There is preliminary evidence that shows that T3s affect telomerase functions and support anticancer immune responses. γT3 and δT3 have the potential for development as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Qusay Khalid
- Food as Medicine Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Tabarek Najeeb Zaidan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saatheeyavaane Bhuvanendran
- Food as Medicine Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Kasthuri B Magalingam
- Food as Medicine Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Shaza M Mohamedahmed
- Food as Medicine Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Premdass Ramdas
- Food as Medicine Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Ammu K Radhakrishnan
- Food as Medicine Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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Costa ER, Demarco D. Development and Holocrine Secretion of Resin Ducts in Kielmeyera appariciana (Calophyllaceae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1757. [PMID: 38999597 PMCID: PMC11243538 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The modes of formation and release of secretion are complex processes that occur in secretory ducts and their description has great divergence in some species. The use of modern techniques to detect hydrolytic enzymes, cytoskeleton arrangement and indicators of programmed cell death may help clarify the processes involved during the ontogeny of that gland. The goal of our study was to analyze subcellular changes during schizogenous formation and secretion production and release into the lumen in resin ducts of Kielmeyera appariciana. Our results demonstrate the participation of pectinase through the loosening of the central cells of the rosette, which subsequently split from each other through polarized growth mediated by a rearrangement of the microtubules. The resin is mainly synthesized in plastids and endoplasmic reticulum and is observed inside vesicles and small vacuoles. The secretion release is holocrine and occurs through programmed cell death related to the release of reactive oxygen species, causing cytoplasm darkening, chromatin condensation, vacuole rupture and plastid and mitochondria degeneration. Cellulase activity was identified prior to the rupture of the cell wall, causing the release of secretion into the lumen of the duct. The participation of the cytoskeleton was observed for the first time during schizogeny of ducts as well as programmed cell death as part of the process of the release of holocrine secretion. This type of secretion release may be a key innovation in Kielmeyera since it has not been observed in ducts of any other plant thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Demarco
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil;
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Chauhan D, Agrawal A, Sahu JK, Kumar S. Acute Oral Toxicity, Antioxidant Activity and Molecular Docking Study of 2-(4-Bromo-phenoxy)-N-[6-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-cyano-4H-chromen- 2-yl]-acetamide. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2024; 21:e180723218864. [PMID: 37464823 DOI: 10.2174/1570163820666230718145955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have been conducted on 4-H chromene compounds because of their intriguing pharmacological and biological properties. Various new natural compounds having a chromene foundation have been reported over the past 20 years. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we reported the acute oral toxicity, antioxidant activity, and molecular docking study of the most active 4H-chromene derivative2-(4-Bromo-phenoxy)-N-[6-chloro-4-(4- chlorophenyl)-3-cyano-4H-chromen-2-yl]-acetamide (A9). METHOD The acute oral toxicity was carried out as per OECD 423 guidelines. For investigating the antioxidant activity, various biochemical parameters in colon tissue like SOD, CAT, MDA, PC and GSH and also enzyme levels, such as ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH, were measured in this experiment. RESULTS Acute oral toxicity study indicated that the A9 ligand was found to be safer in animals. Additionally, the A9 ligand had significant antioxidant properties at various doses and was not found to be harmful to the liver. Due to its stronger binding energy and the appropriate interactions that induce inhibition, the A9 ligand's antioxidant function was also validated by additional molecular docking research. CONCLUSION This compound can be exploited as a lead molecule in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad (Uttar Pradesh), 244102, India
| | - Anurag Agrawal
- Department of Pharmacology, Ram-Eesh Institute of Vocational and Technical Education, Greater Noida, Dist. Gautam Buddha Nagar, (Uttar Pradesh), 201310, India
| | - Jagdish K Sahu
- School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Shirpur, Distt - Dhule (Maharashtra), 425405, India
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, IFTM University, Moradabad (Uttar Pradesh), 244102, India
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Zeutsop JF, Zébazé JN, Nono RN, Frese M, Chouna JR, Lenta BN, Nkeng-Efouet-Alango P, Sewald N. Antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of δ-tocotrienol from the seeds of Allophylus africanus. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:4661-4671. [PMID: 34852702 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.2010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of Allophylus africanus P. Beauv fruits led to the isolation of a new δ-tocotrienol, 3α-hydroxy-δ-tocotrienol (1) together with eight known compounds (2-9). Compound (1) was allylated (1a) and prenylated (1 b and 1c) to give three new semi-synthesized derivatives which were fully characterized as: 6-O-allyl-3α-hydroxy-δ-tocotrienol (1a), 6-O-prenyl-3α-hydroxy-δ-tocotrienol (1 b) and 6-O,5-C-diprenyl-3α-hydroxy-δ-tocotrienol (1c). The structures of compounds were established using comprehensive spectroscopic analysis including UV, MS, 1 D NMR, 2 D NMR and by comparison with the corresponding literature data. Compound (1) and its semi-synthetic derivatives (1a-c) were tested for their antioxydant activity using DPPH radical scavenging assay and also for their cytotoxicity using human cervix carcinoma KB-3-1 cell lines. The results showed that compound (1) exhibited antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 0.25 μM compared to the reference control trolox (26 µM); and good cytotoxic activity with IC50 values of 97 μM compared to the reference (+)-griseofulvin (IC50 between17-21 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Francois Zeutsop
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Raymond Ngansop Nono
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Marcel Frese
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jean Rodolphe Chouna
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Bruno Ndjakou Lenta
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Justino AB, Santana EC, Franco RR, Queiroz JS, Silva HCG, de Lima JP, Saraiva AL, Martins MM, Lemos de Morais SA, de Oliveira A, Filho LRG, Aquino FJT, Espindola FS. Antioxidant compounds of Kielmeyera coriacea Mart. with α-amylase, lipase and advanced glycation end-product inhibitory activities. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 206:114387. [PMID: 34583125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are associated with excessive formation of reactive oxygen species and advanced glycation end-products. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential in vitro antidiabetic properties of Kielmeyera coriacea inner bark. The main phytochemical compounds were identified by UHPLC-ESI/MSn and the ethanol extract and its fractions were used to evaluate their antioxidant and anti-glycation capacities, as well as their inhibitory potential against glycoside and lipid hydrolases activities. The polar fractions, especially the n-butanol fraction, had free radical scavenging and quenching properties (ORAC and FRAP values>1800 and 1000 µmol trolox eq/g, respectively, and DPPH IC50<4 µg/mL), and inhibited ROS production (p < 0.01), lipid peroxidation (p < 0.001), glycation (IC50 ~ 10 µg/mL in the BSA-fructose assay; IC50 ~ 200 µg/mL in the BSA-methylglyoxal and arginine-methylglyoxal assays), α-amylase (IC50<0.1 µg/mL) and lipase (IC50<5 µg/mL), with no cytotoxicity. Biomolecules well-known as potent antioxidants were identified for the first time in the inner bark of K. coriacea, such as protocatechuic acid, epicatechin and procyanidins A, B and C. Together, our results support the antioxidant, anti-glycation and glycoside and lipid hydrolases inhibitory properties of the inner bark of K. coriacea, a species found in the Brazilian savanna, which makes it especially useful to combat oxidative stress and hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allisson Benatti Justino
- Institute of Biotechnology - Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Eder C Santana
- Institute of Chemistry - Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121, 38408-100, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rodrigues Franco
- Institute of Biotechnology - Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Julia Silveira Queiroz
- Institute of Biotechnology - Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Heitor Cappato Guerra Silva
- Institute of Biotechnology - Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Joed Pires de Lima
- Institute of Biotechnology - Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - André Lopes Saraiva
- Institute of Biotechnology - Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Mário Machado Martins
- Institute of Biotechnology - Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Antônio Lemos de Morais
- Institute of Chemistry - Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121, 38408-100, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Alberto de Oliveira
- Institute of Chemistry - Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121, 38408-100, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho
- Institute of Biotechnology - Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Francisco José Torres Aquino
- Institute of Chemistry - Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121, 38408-100, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Foued Salmen Espindola
- Institute of Biotechnology - Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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Yang G, Zhou P, Li Y, Ding J, Hu J. p-Menthene-type monoterpene peroxy dimers from Pilea aquarum subsp. brevicornuta. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Tan X, Han X, Teng H, Li Q, Chen Y, Lei X, Yang G. Structural Elucidation of Garcipaucinones A and B From Garcinia paucinervis Using Quantum Chemical Calculations. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:972-978. [PMID: 33667092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two tocotrienol derivatives, garcipaucinones A (1) and B (2), and a biosynthetically related known analogue (3) were isolated from the fruit of Garcinia paucinervis. Their structures including absolute configurations were unequivocally determined by spectroscopic methods complemented with electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations and gauge-independent atomic orbital (GIAO) NMR calculations. Compounds 1 and 2 are the first naturally occurring tocotrienol derivatives with a 3,10-dioxatricyclo-[7.3.1.02,7]tridecane skeleton incorporating an unusual γ-pyrone motif. A reasonable biosynthetic pathway for formation of the two compounds is proposed. The antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activities of compounds 1 and 2 were also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Haida Teng
- College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxiang Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangzhong Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
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Farnesyl dimethyl chromanol targets colon cancer stem cells and prevents colorectal cancer metastasis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2185. [PMID: 33500430 PMCID: PMC7838198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80911-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation and growth of tumour-initiating cells with stem-like properties in distant organs characterize colorectal cancer (CRC) growth and metastasis. Thus, inhibition of colon cancer stem cell (CCSC) growth holds promise for CRC growth and metastasis prevention. We and others have shown that farnesyl dimethyl chromanol (FDMC) inhibits cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. We provide the first demonstration that FDMC inhibits CCSC viability, survival, self-renewal (spheroid formation), pluripotent transcription factors (Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2) expression, organoids formation, and Wnt/β-catenin signalling, as evidenced by comparisons with vehicle-treated controls. In addition, FDMC inhibits CCSC migration, invasion, inflammation (NF-kB), angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF), and metastasis (MMP9), which are critical tumour metastasis processes. Moreover, FDMC induced apoptosis (TUNEL, Annexin V, cleaved caspase 3, and cleaved PARP) in CCSCs and CCSC-derived spheroids and organoids. Finally, in an orthotopic (cecum-injected CCSCs) xenograft metastasis model, we show that FDMC significantly retards CCSC-derived tumour growth (Ki-67); inhibits inflammation (NF-kB), angiogenesis (VEGF and CD31), and β-catenin signalling; and induces apoptosis (cleaved PARP) in tumour tissues and inhibits liver metastasis. In summary, our results demonstrate that FDMC inhibits the CCSC metastatic phenotype and thereby supports investigating its ability to prevent CRC metastases.
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Tan X, Zhong F, Teng H, Li Q, Li Y, Mei Z, Chen Y, Yang G. Acylphloroglucinol and tocotrienol derivatives from the fruits of Garcinia paucinervis. Fitoterapia 2020; 146:104688. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Constantinou C, Charalambous C, Kanakis D, Kolokotroni O, Constantinou AI. Update on the Anti-Cancer Potency of Tocotrienols and α-Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Succinate on Leukemic Cell Lines. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:1302-1308. [PMID: 32698633 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1797128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The natural isoforms of vitamin E γ-tocotrienol (γ-ΤΤ) and δ-tocotrienol (δ-ΤΤ) and the synthetic derivative α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) have promising anticancer potency in a variety of cancer cell lines and animal models of cancer. Ongoing clinical trials are investigating the anti-tumor effectiveness of TTs in combination with chemotherapeutic agents in patients suffering from breast, colon, non-small cell lung and ovarian cancers. Despite extensive research on different types of cancer, the anticancer potency of TTs and TPGS has not been thoroughly investigated in leukemias. Given the fact that certain types of leukemias have very low survival rates and that patients suffer significantly from the toxic side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs, there is a need to develop novel treatments with increased specificity against cancer cells and reduced toxicity to the patients. The aim of this review is to report current evidence on the anticancer potency of TTs and TPGS on leukemic cells lines and to discuss future studies that could be carried out to investigate the role of these agents in the management of leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantina Constantinou
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christiana Charalambous
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Dimitrios Kanakis
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ourania Kolokotroni
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andreas I Constantinou
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Marques Borges GS, Oliveira Ferencs MD, Mello Gomide Loures CD, Abdel-Salam MAL, Gontijo Evangelista FC, Sales CC, Reis da Silva PH, de Oliveira RB, Malachias Â, Yoshida MI, de Souza-Fagundes EM, Paula Sabino AD, Fernandes C, Miranda Ferreira LA. Novel self-nanoemulsifying drug-delivery system enhances antileukemic properties of all-trans retinoic acid. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1471-1486. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: All- trans retinoic acid (ATRA) shows erratic oral bioavailability when administered orally against leukemia, which can be solved through its incorporation in self-nanoemulsifying drug-delivery systems (SEDDS). The SEDDS developed contained a hydrophobic ion pair between benzathine (BZT) and ATRA and was enriched with tocotrienols by the input of a palm oil tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF) in its composition. Results: SEDDS-TRF-ATRA-BZT allowed the formation of emulsions with nanometric size that retained ATRA within their core after dispersion. Pharmacokinetic parameters after oral administration of SEDDS-TRF-ATRA-BZT in mice were improved compared with what was seen for an ATRA solution. Moreover, SEDDS-TRF-ATRA-BZT had improved activity against HL-60 cells compared with SEDDS without TRF. Conclusion: SEDDS-TRF-ATRA-BZT is a promising therapeutic choice over ATRA conventional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Silva Marques Borges
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Micael de Oliveira Ferencs
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cristina de Mello Gomide Loures
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mostafa AL Abdel-Salam
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Campos Sales
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Reis da Silva
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Renata Barbosa de Oliveira
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ângelo Malachias
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Irene Yoshida
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elaine Maria de Souza-Fagundes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Adriano de Paula Sabino
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Christian Fernandes
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas Antônio Miranda Ferreira
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Husain K, Zhang A, Shivers S, Davis-Yadley A, Coppola D, Yang CS, Malafa MP. Chemoprevention of Azoxymethane-induced Colon Carcinogenesis by Delta-Tocotrienol. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 12:357-366. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-18-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Sangsopha W, Schevenels FT, Lekphrom R, Kanokmedhakul S. A new tocotrienol from the roots and branches of Allophylus cobbe (L.) Raeusch (Sapindaceae). Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:988-994. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1547298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Watchara Sangsopha
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Florian T. Schevenels
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ratsami Lekphrom
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Somdej Kanokmedhakul
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Tocotrienols: The promising analogues of vitamin E for cancer therapeutics. Pharmacol Res 2018; 130:259-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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δ-Tocotrienol suppresses tumorigenesis by inducing apoptosis and blocking the COX-2/PGE2 pathway that stimulates tumor–stromal interactions in colon cancer. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Bonamigo T, Campos JF, Alfredo TM, Balestieri JBP, Cardoso CAL, Paredes-Gamero EJ, de Picoli Souza K, dos Santos EL. Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Toxic Activities of Propolis from Two Native Bees in Brazil: Scaptotrigona depilis and Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1038153. [PMID: 28377794 PMCID: PMC5362732 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1038153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Propolis is a natural mixture of compounds produced by various bee species, including stingless bees. This compound has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antitumor activities. The present study aimed to determine the chemical constituents as well as the antioxidant, cytotoxic, and toxic activities of ethanol extracts of propolis obtained from the stingless bees Scaptotrigona depilis and Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides, which are found in Brazil. Phytosterols, terpenes, phenolic compounds, and tocopherol were identified in the ethanol extracts of propolis (EEPs) in different concentrations. The compounds stigmasterol, taraxasterol, vanilic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, luteolin, and apigenin were found only in EEP-M. The EEPs were able to scavenge the free radicals 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and protected human erythrocytes against lipid peroxidation, with the latter effect being demonstrated by their antihemolytic activity and inhibition of malondialdehyde formation. The EEPs showed cytotoxic activity against erythroleukemic cells and necrosis was the main mechanism of death observed. In addition, the concentrations at which the EEPs were cytotoxic were not toxic against Caenorhabditis elegans. In this context, it is concluded that EEP-S and EEP-M show antioxidant and cytotoxic activities and are promising bioactive mixtures for the control of diseases associated with oxidative stress and tumor cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaliny Bonamigo
- School of Environmental and Biological Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Ferreira Campos
- School of Environmental and Biological Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Tamaeh Monteiro Alfredo
- School of Environmental and Biological Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edgar Julian Paredes-Gamero
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Center of Biochemistry Investigation, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
| | - Kely de Picoli Souza
- School of Environmental and Biological Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Edson Lucas dos Santos
- School of Environmental and Biological Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
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Montagnani Marelli M, Marzagalli M, Moretti RM, Beretta G, Casati L, Comitato R, Gravina GL, Festuccia C, Limonta P. Vitamin E δ-tocotrienol triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in human melanoma cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30502. [PMID: 27461002 PMCID: PMC4996065 DOI: 10.1038/srep30502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the leading cause of death from skin cancer. Drug toxicity and resistance represent a serious challange for melanoma treatments. Evidence demonstrates that natural compounds may play a crucial role in cancer prevention, growth and progression. Vitamin E tocotrienols (TT) were shown to possess antitumor activity. Here, we analyzed the effects of δ-TT on melanoma cell growth and the involvement of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in this activity. The experiments were performed on human melanoma cell lines, BLM and A375. δ-TT exerted a significant proapoptotic effect on both cell lines, involving the intrinsic apoptosis pathway; importantly, this compound did not affect the viability of normal human melanocytes. In melanoma cells, δ-TT exerted its antitumor effect through activation of the PERK/p-eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP, IRE1α and caspase-4 ER stress-related branches. Salubrinal, an inhibitor of the ER stress, counteracted the cytotoxic activity of δ-TT. In vivo experiments performed in nude mice bearing A375 xenografts evidenced that δ-TT reduces tumor volume and tumor mass; importantly, tumor progression was significantly delayed by δ-TT treatment. In conclusion, δ-TT exerts a proapoptotic activity on melanoma cells, through activation of the ER stress-related pathways. δ-TT might represent an effective option for novel chemopreventive/therapeutic strategies for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Montagnani Marelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Monica Marzagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Roberta M. Moretti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Lavinia Casati
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20129, Italy
| | - Raffaella Comitato
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Roma, 00178, Italy
| | - Giovanni L. Gravina
- Department of Applied and Biotechnological Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, L’Aquila, 67100, Italy
| | - Claudio Festuccia
- Department of Applied and Biotechnological Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, L’Aquila, 67100, Italy
| | - Patrizia Limonta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
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Chemical Constituents and Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Kielmeyera coriacea Mart. & Zucc. Essential Oils. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:842047. [PMID: 25960759 PMCID: PMC4415738 DOI: 10.1155/2015/842047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Many essential oils (EOs) of different plant species possess interesting antimicrobial effects on buccal microorganisms and cytotoxic properties. EOs of Kielmeyera coriacea Mart. & Zucc. were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The EO from leaves is rich in sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. The three major compounds identified were germacrene-D (24.2%), (E)-caryophyllene (15.5%), and bicyclogermacrene (11.6%). The inner bark EO is composed mainly of sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons and the major components are alpha-copaene (14.9%) and alpha-(E)-bergamotene (13.0%). The outer bark EO is composed mainly of oxygenated sesquiterpenes and long-chain alkanes, and the major components are alpha-eudesmol (4.2%) and nonacosane (5.8%). The wood EO is mainly composed of long-chain alkanes and fatty acids, and the major components are nonacosane (9.7%) and palmitic acid (16.2%). The inner bark EO showed the strongest antimicrobial activity against the anaerobic bacteria Prevotella nigrescens (minimum inhibitory concentration-MIC of 50 µg mL(-1)). The outer bark and wood EOs showed MICs of 100 µg mL(-1) for all aerobic microorganisms tested. The EOs presented low toxicity to Vero cells. These results suggest that K. coriacea, a Brazilian plant, provide initial evidence of a new and alternative source of substances with medicinal interest.
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Lin YC, Chang JC, Cheng SY, Wang CM, Jhan YL, Lo IW, Hsu YM, Liaw CC, Hwang CC, Chou CH. New bioactive chromanes from Litchi chinensis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:2472-2478. [PMID: 25694129 DOI: 10.1021/jf5056387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Seven new δ-tocotrienols, designated litchtocotrienols A-G (1-7), together with one glorious macrocyclic analogue, macrolitchtocotrienol A (8), and one new meroditerpene chromane, cyclolitchtocotrienol A (9), were isolated from the leaves of Litchi chinensis. Their structures were mainly determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, and their biological activities were evaluated by cytotoxicity against human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines (AGS, ATCC CRL-1739) and hepatoma carcinoma cell line (HepG2 2.2.1.5). The structure-activity relationship of the isolated compounds was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Lin
- Department of Life Sciences and #Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan
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21
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Figueiredo CR, Matsuo AL, Massaoka MH, Girola N, Azevedo RA, Rabaça AN, Farias CF, Pereira FV, Matias NS, Silva LP, Rodrigues EG, Lago JHG, Travassos LR, Silva RMG. Antitumor activity of kielmeyera coriacea leaf constituents in experimental melanoma, tested in vitro and in vivo in syngeneic mice. Adv Pharm Bull 2014; 4:429-36. [PMID: 25364658 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2014.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The antitumor activity of Kielmeyera coriacea (Clusiaceae), a medicinal plant used in the treatment of parasitic, as well as fungal and bacterial infections by the Brazilian Cerrado population, was investigated. METHODS A chloroform extract (CE) of K. coriacea was tested in the murine melanoma cell line (B16F10-Nex2) and a panel of human tumor cell lines. Tumor cell migration was determined by the wound-healing assay and the in vivo antitumor activity of CE was investigated in a melanoma cell metastatic model. 1H NMR and GC/MS were used to determine CE chemical composition. RESULTS We found that CE exhibited strong cytotoxic activity against murine melanoma cells and a panel of human tumor cell lines in vitro. CE also inhibited growth of B16F10-Nex2 cells at sub lethal concentrations, inducing cell cycle arrest at S phase, and inhibition of tumor cell migration. Most importantly, administration of CE significantly reduced the number of melanoma metastatic nodules in vivo. Chemical analysis of CE indicated the presence of the long chain fatty compounds, 1-eicosanol, 1-docosanol, and 2-nonadecanone as main constituents. CONCLUSION These results indicate that K. coriacea is a promising medicinal plant in cancer therapy exhibiting antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo against different tumor cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rogério Figueiredo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alisson Leonardo Matsuo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Hiromi Massaoka
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia Girola
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alexandre Azevedo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Nogueira Rabaça
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camyla Fernandes Farias
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Valença Pereira
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia Silva Matias
- Department of Biological Sciences - Laboratory of Herbal Medicines, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP- FLC/Assis), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pereira Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences - Laboratory of Herbal Medicines, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP- FLC/Assis), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine Guadelupe Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Henrique Guilardi Lago
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Rodolpho Travassos
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regildo Márcio Gonçalves Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences - Laboratory of Herbal Medicines, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP- FLC/Assis), São Paulo, Brazil
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Autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine potentiates apoptosis induced by dietary tocotrienols in breast cancer cells. Eur J Nutr 2014; 54:265-72. [PMID: 24830781 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0707-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tocomin® represents commercially available mixture of naturally occurring tocotrienols (T3s) and tocopherols extracted from palm oil/palm fruits that possess powerful antioxidant, anticancer, neuro/cardioprotective and cholesterol-lowering properties. Cellular autophagy represents a defense mechanism against oxidative stress and several anticancer compounds. Recently, we reported that T3s induce apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress in breast cancer cells. METHODOLOGY We studied the effects of Tocomin® on MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells and non-tumor MCF-10A cells. RESULTS Tocomin® inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cell lines without affecting the viability of MCF-10A cells. We also showed that Tocomin® negatively modulates phosphoinositide 3-kinase and mTOR pathways and induces cytoprotective autophagic response in triple negative MDA-MB 231 cells. Lastly, we demonstrate that autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) potentiated the apoptosis induced by Tocomin® in MDA-MB 231 cells. CONCLUSION Together, our data indicate anticancer effects of Tocomin® in breast cancer cells, which is potentiated by the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA.
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Oliveira A, Britto A, Henriques R, Cardoso G, Anjos C, Jesus A, Costa E, Moraes V, Nogueira P, Bezerra D. In vivogrowth inhibition of sarcoma 180 byKielmeyera rugosaChoisy (Calophyllaceae). Nat Prod Res 2013; 27:2248-50. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2013.819505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Liu DZ, Liu JK. Peroxy natural products. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2013; 3:161-206. [PMCID: PMC4131620 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-013-0042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This review covers the structures and biological activities of peroxy natural products from a wide variety of terrestrial fungi, higher plants, and marine organisms. Syntheses that confirm or revise structures or stereochemistries have also been included, and 406 references are cited. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ze Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Ji-Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
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