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Qian J, Zhao X, Yuan S, Su S, Chen C, Gao J, Tang X, Men S, Wen B. Metabolome-microbiome insights into therapeutic impact of 8-O-acetylharpagide against breast cancer in a murine model. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5880. [PMID: 38634147 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Iridoid glycosides extract, which is the main active extract of Ajuga decumbens Thunb, has been proved to have anti-breast cancer activity in previous studies. However, it is still unknown whether 8-O-acetylharpagide, a main active compound in the extract, has anti-breast cancer activity. In this study, 4 T1 breast cancer mice model was first successfully established. Then the anti-breast cancer effect of 8-O-acetylharpagide was systematically investigated. Feces were collected for metabolomics and 16S rRNA analysis to assess the potential mechanism. The results showed that 8-O-acetylharpagide was effective in reducing 4 T1 mouse tumor volume and weight compared with the model group. Metabolome analysis revealed 12 potential metabolite biomarkers in feces, mainly involved in primary bile acid biosynthesis and arachidonic acid metabolism. The 16S rRNA sequencing results demonstrated that 8-O-acetylharpagide modulated the abundance of the intestinal flora in 4 T1 mice. Spearman correlation analysis showed that calcitriol and prostaglandin G2 strongly correlated with Akkermansia, Firmicutes and Muribaculum. Overall, the active compound 8-O-acetylharpagide could inhibit significantly breast cancer growth in 4 T1 breast cancer model mice. The mechanism of the anti-breast cancer effect of 8-O-acetylharpagide may be related to the regulation of primary bile acid biosynthesis and arachidonic acid metabolism and modulation of the abundance of Akkermansia and Firmicutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Qian
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Siyuan Yuan
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Sijia Su
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Gao
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xu Tang
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Siye Men
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Binyu Wen
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
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Gu C, Liu J, Qian F, Yu W, Huang D, Shen J, Feng C, Chen K, Li Y, Jiang X, Xu Y, Zhang L. Identification of Dihydrobenzofuran Neolignans as Novel PDE4 Inhibitors and Evaluation of Antiatopic Dermatitis Efficacy in DNCB-Induced Mice Model. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38489246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic relapsing skin disease characterized by recurrent, pruritic, localized eczema, while PDE4 inhibitors have been reported to be effective as antiatopic dermatitis agents. 3',4-O-dimethylcedrusin (DCN) is a natural dihydrobenzofuran neolignan isolated from Magnolia biondii with moderate potency against PDE4 (IC50 = 3.26 ± 0.28 μM) and a binding mode similar to that of apremilast, an approved PDE4 inhibitor for the treatment of psoriasis. The structure-based optimization of DCN led to the identification of 7b-1 that showed high inhibitory potency on PDE4 (IC50 = 0.17 ± 0.02 μM), good anti-TNF-α activity (EC50 = 0.19 ± 0.10 μM), remarkable selectivity profile, and good skin permeability. The topical treatment of 7b-1 resulted in the significant benefits of pharmacological intervention in a DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis-like mice model, demonstrating its potential for the development of novel antiatopic dermatitis agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenming Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiayuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fei Qian
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenchao Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Doudou Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jingshan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chenguo Feng
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiangrui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yechun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Liuqiang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Abdullah FO, Hussain FHS, Sardar AS, Gilardoni G, Tosi S, Vidari G. Iridoids Isolation from a Phytochemical Study of the Medicinal Plant Teucrium parviflorum Collected in Iraqi Kurdistan. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185963. [PMID: 36144699 PMCID: PMC9502474 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicines are still widely practiced in Kurdistan Region-Iraq, especially by people living in villages on mountainous regions. Among plants belonging to the genus Teucrium (family Lamiaceae), which are commonly employed in the Kurdish traditional medicine, we have analyzed, for the first time, the methanol and aqueous methanol extracts of T. parviflorum aerial parts. The plant is mainly used by Kurds to treat jaundice, liver disorders and stomachache. We aimed to determine the phytochemical profile of the extracts and the structures of the main components, so to provide a scientific rationale for the ancient use of the plant in the ethno-pharmacological field. TLC analysis of the two extracts on silica gel and reversed phase TLC plates, using different visualization systems, indicated similar contents and the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids and sugars. The chlorophyll-free extracts exhibited weak/no antimicrobial activities against a panel of bacteria (MICs = 800–1600 µg/mL) and fungal strains (MICs ≥ 5 mg/mL). At the concentration of 600 µg/mL, the methanol extract showed moderate antiproliferative effects against A549 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines in the MTS assay. Moreover, both extracts exhibited a significant dose-dependent free radical scavenging action against the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical (EC50 = 62.11 and 44.25 μg/mL, respectively). In a phytochemical study, a high phenolic content (77.08 and 81.47 mg GAE/g dry extract, respectively) was found in both extracts by the Folin–Ciocalteu assay. Medium pressure liquid chromatographic (MPLC) separation of the methanol extract on a reversed phase cartridge eluted with a gradient of MeOH in H2O, afforded two bioactive iridoid glucosides, harpagide (1) and 8-O-acetylharpagide (2). The structures of 1 and 2 were established by spectral data, chemical reactions, and comparison with the literature. Interestingly, significant amounts of hepatotoxic furano neo-clerodane diterpenoids, commonly occurring in Teucrium species, were not detected in the extract. The wide range of biological activities reported in the literature for compounds 1 and 2 and the significant antiradical effects of the extracts give scientific support to the traditional use in Iraqi Kurdistan of T. parviflorum aerial parts for the preparation of herbal remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuad O. Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Correspondence: (F.O.A.); (G.V.)
| | - Faiq H. S. Hussain
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Abdullah Sh. Sardar
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Gianluca Gilardoni
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110107, Ecuador
| | - Solveig Tosi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Mycology Laboratory, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vidari
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.O.A.); (G.V.)
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Pham TNA, Kim HL, Lee DR, Choi BK, Yang SH. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Scrophularia buergeriana Extract Mixture Fermented with Lactic Acid Bacteria. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-021-0308-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Renda G, Kadıoğlu M, Kılıç M, Korkmaz B, Kırmızıbekmez H. Anti-inflammatory secondary metabolites from Scrophularia kotschyana. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S676-S683. [PMID: 34787011 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211058889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The species belonging to Scrophularia genus grow mainly in Irano-Turanian and Mediterranean regions and have been used as folk remedy for inflammatory-related diseases since ancient times. The present study was aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts of Scrophularia kotschyana as well as the isolated compounds. The aerial parts and the roots of the plant were separately extracted with methanol. Anti-inflammatory activities of both extracts were evaluated with formalin test in mice. As the methanolic extract of the aerial parts significantly (p < .05) inhibited inflammation, it was then submitted to successive solvent extractions with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol to yield subextracts. Anti-inflammatory activities of the subextracts were evaluated within the same test system. Among the subextracts tested, the n-butanol subextract produced a significant (p < .05) anti-inflammatory activity at all doses (5, 10, and 30 mg/kg, ip.). Sequential chromatographic separation of the n-butanol subextract yielded 8-O-acetyl-4'-O-(E)-p-coumaroylharpagide, 8-O-acetyl-4'-O-(Z)-p-coumaroylharpagide, β-sitosterol 3-O-β-glucopyranoside, apigenin 7-O-β-glucopyranoside, apigenin 7-O-rutinoside, luteolin 7-O-β-glucopyranoside and luteolin 7-O-rutinoside. The anti-inflammatory activities of the isolates were evaluated at 5 mg/kg dose. Luteolin 7-O-β-glucopyranoside and apigenin 7-O-rutinoside caused a significant (p < .05) inhibition of oedema formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülin Renda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 52976Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Mine Kadıoğlu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, 64255Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Merve Kılıç
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, 64255Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Büşra Korkmaz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 52976Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Hasan Kırmızıbekmez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 52998Yeditepe University,Istanbul, Turkey
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In vitro antioxidant activity of crude extracts of Harpagophytum zeyheri and their anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity activity compared with diclofenac. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:238. [PMID: 34556115 PMCID: PMC8461911 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03407-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the in vitro antioxidant activity and comparison of anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of Harpagopytum zeyheri with diclofenac. METHODS In vitro assays were conducted using water, ethanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of H.zeyheri. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) and 2,2'- azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays. The anti-inflammatory activity was determined by measuring the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages as well as cytokine (TNF-α and IL-10) expression on LPS-induced U937 human macrophages. For cytotoxicity, cell viability was determined using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. RESULTS The ethyl acetate extract had the lowest IC50 values in the DPPH (5.91 μg/ml) and ABTS (20.5 μg/ml) assay compared to other extracts. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate extracts effectively inhibited NO and TNF-α and proved to be comparable to diclofenac at some concentrations. All extracts of H. zeyheri displayed dose-dependent activity and were associated with low levels of human-IL-10 expression compared to quercetin. Furthermore, all extracts displayed low toxicity relative to diclofenac. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that H. zeyheri has significant antioxidant activity. Additionally, similarities exist in the inflammatory activity of H. zeyheri to diclofenac at some concentrations as well as low toxicity in comparison to diclofenac.
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7
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Zhang F, Tang Y, Jiang H, Yang X, Huang W. Harpagide Inhibits Microglial Activation and Protects Dopaminergic Neurons as Revealed by Nanoelectrode Amperometry
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fu‐Li Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Yun Tang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Hong Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Xiao‐Ke Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Wei‐Hua Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
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8
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Auxtero MD, Chalante S, Abade MR, Jorge R, Fernandes AI. Potential Herb-Drug Interactions in the Management of Age-Related Cognitive Dysfunction. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:124. [PMID: 33478035 PMCID: PMC7835864 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-life mild cognitive impairment and dementia represent a significant burden on healthcare systems and a unique challenge to medicine due to the currently limited treatment options. Plant phytochemicals have been considered in alternative, or complementary, prevention and treatment strategies. Herbals are consumed as such, or as food supplements, whose consumption has recently increased. However, these products are not exempt from adverse effects and pharmacological interactions, presenting a special risk in aged, polymedicated individuals. Understanding pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions is warranted to avoid undesirable adverse drug reactions, which may result in unwanted side-effects or therapeutic failure. The present study reviews the potential interactions between selected bioactive compounds (170) used by seniors for cognitive enhancement and representative drugs of 10 pharmacotherapeutic classes commonly prescribed to the middle-aged adults, often multimorbid and polymedicated, to anticipate and prevent risks arising from their co-administration. A literature review was conducted to identify mutual targets affected (inhibition/induction/substrate), the frequency of which was taken as a measure of potential interaction. Although a limited number of drugs were studied, from this work, interaction with other drugs affecting the same targets may be anticipated and prevented, constituting a valuable tool for healthcare professionals in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D. Auxtero
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
| | - Susana Chalante
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
| | - Mário R. Abade
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
| | - Rui Jorge
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
- Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, School of Agriculture, Quinta do Galinheiro, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal
- CIEQV, Life Quality Research Centre, IPSantarém/IPLeiria, Avenida Dr. Mário Soares, 110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Ana I. Fernandes
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
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9
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Frezza C, de Vita D, Toniolo C, Ventrone A, Tomassini L, Foddai S, Nicoletti M, Guiso M, Bianco A, Serafini M. Harpagide: Occurrence in plants and biological activities - A review. Fitoterapia 2020; 147:104764. [PMID: 33122133 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, the occurrence of harpagide in the plant kingdom and its associated biological activities are presented and detailed for the first time. The presence of harpagide has been reported in several botanical families within Asteridae, and harpagide has been observed to exert a wide number of biological activities such as cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective. These results show how harpagide can be recovered from several natural sources for several pharmacological purposes even if there is a lot to still be studied. Nowadays, the interest is related to its presence in phytomedicines. Threfore, these studies are useful to support and validate the large use of several plants in the folklore medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Frezza
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniela de Vita
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Toniolo
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Ventrone
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lamberto Tomassini
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Foddai
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Nicoletti
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Guiso
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Armandodoriano Bianco
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Serafini
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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10
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Gao D, Le Ba V, Rustam R, Cho CW, Yang SY, Su XD, Kim YH, Kang JS. Isolation of bioactive components with soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitory activity from Stachys sieboldii MiQ. by ultrasonic-assisted extraction optimized using response surface methodology. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:395-404. [PMID: 32940554 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1821217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Stachys sieboldii MiQ (SSM) is an important food and medicinal herb in Korea, used to improve memory of patients with senile dementia and cardiovascular diseases. However, little information on bioactive components from SSM or standardized extraction methods for these components is available. This study isolated and purified major components from SSM for the first time, and assessed their ability to inhibit soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). The results showed that acteoside is the most potent inhibitor of sEH, with an IC50 of 33.5 ± 0.5 μM. Additional active components, including harpagide, tryptophan, and 8-acetate-harpagide, along with acteoside, were tentatively identified using high-performance liquid chromatography photodiode array tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-MS/MS) and quantified using an ultraviolet detector at 210 nm. Further, an ultrasonic-assisted extraction technique for extraction of four bioactive compounds in SSM was developed and optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal extraction conditions were: extraction time, 30.46 minutes; extraction temperature, 67.95 °C, and methanol concentration 53.85%. The prediction model of RSM was validated with laboratory experiments. The similarity between predicted and actual values was 97.84%. The extraction method is thus a rapid, environment-friendly, energy-saving method can be applied to extract bioactive components from SSM in large quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Vinh Le Ba
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.,Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academic of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Rustamov Rustam
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chong Woon Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seo Young Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Xiang Dong Su
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jong Seong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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11
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Mariano A, Di Sotto A, Leopizzi M, Garzoli S, Di Maio V, Gullì M, Dalla Vedova P, Ammendola S, Scotto d’Abusco A. Antiarthritic Effects of a Root Extract from Harpagophytum procumbens DC: Novel Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms and Possible Bioactive Phytochemicals. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092545. [PMID: 32842461 PMCID: PMC7551290 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Harpagophytum procumbens (Burch.) DC. ex Meisn. is a traditional remedy for osteoarticular diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA), although the bioactive constituents and mechanisms involved are yet to be clarified. In the present study, an aqueous H. procumbens root extract (HPE; containing 1.2% harpagoside) was characterized for its effects on synoviocytes from OA patients and phytochemical composition in polyphenols, and volatile compounds were detected. HPE powder was dissolved in different solvents, including deionized water (HPEH2O), DMSO (HPEDMSO), 100% v/v ethanol (HPEEtOH100), and 50% v/v ethanol (HPEEtOH50). The highest polyphenol levels were found in HPEDMSO and HPEEtOH50, whereas different volatile compounds, mainly β-caryophyllene and eugenol, were detected in all the extracts except for HPEH2O. HPEH2O and HPEDMSO were able to enhance CB2 receptor expression and to downregulate PI-PLC β2 in synovial membranes; moreover, all the extracts inhibited FAAH activity. The present results highlight for the first time a multitarget modulation of the endocannabinoid system by HPE, likely ascribable to its hydrosoluble compounds, along with the presence of volatile compounds in H. procumbens root. Although hydrosoluble compounds seem to be mainly responsible for endocannabinoid modulation by HPE, a possible contribution of volatile compounds can be suggested, strengthening the hypothesis that the entire phytocomplex can contribute to the H. procumbens healing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Mariano
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.D.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Martina Leopizzi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Polo Pontino-Sapienza University, 04100 Latina, Italy; (M.L.); (V.D.M.)
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Valeria Di Maio
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Polo Pontino-Sapienza University, 04100 Latina, Italy; (M.L.); (V.D.M.)
| | - Marco Gullì
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.D.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Pietro Dalla Vedova
- UOC di Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Ospedale Santa Scolastica di Cassino, ASL di Frosinone, Via S. Pasquale, 03043 Cassino, Italy;
| | - Sergio Ammendola
- Ambiotec S.A.S. Via Appia Nord 47, 04012 Cisterna di Latina (LT), Italy;
| | - Anna Scotto d’Abusco
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-4991-0947
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12
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Lian X, Wang N, Ma L, Jiang H, Bai D, Xue H, Ma Q. Determination of aucubin by supramolecular solvent-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and UPLC-MS/MS: Application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats with type 1 diabetes. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 186:113301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Ungerer G, Cui J, Ndam T, Bekemeier M, Song H, Li R, Siedhoff HR, Yang B, Appenteng MK, Greenlief CM, Miller DK, Sun GY, Folk WR, Gu Z. Harpagophytum procumbens Extract Ameliorates Allodynia and Modulates Oxidative and Antioxidant Stress Pathways in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 22:278-292. [PMID: 31900786 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08585-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a deliberating disorder with impairments in locomotor deficits and incapacitating sensory abnormalities. Harpagophytum procumbens (Hp) is a botanical widely used for treating inflammation and pain related to various inflammatory and musculoskeletal conditions. Using a modified rodent contusion model of SCI, we explored the effects of this botanical on locomotor function and responses to mechanical stimuli, and examined possible neurochemical changes associated with SCI-induced allodynia. Following spinal cord contusion at T10 level, Hp (300 mg/kg, p.o.) or vehicle (water) was administered daily starting 24 h post-surgery, and behavioral measurements made every-other day until sacrifice (Day 21). Hp treatment markedly ameliorated the contusion-induced decrease in locomotor function and increased sensitivity to mechanical stimuli. Determination of Iba1 expression in spinal cord tissues indicated microglial infiltration starting 3 days post-injury. SCI results in increased levels of 4-hydroxynonenal, an oxidative stress product and proalgesic, which was diminished at 7 days by treatment with Hp. SCI also enhanced antioxidant heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. Concurrent studies of cultured murine BV-2 microglial cells revealed that Hp suppressed oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammatory responses, including production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species, phosphorylation of cytosolic phospholipases A2, and upregulation of the antioxidative stress pathway involving the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and HO-1. These results support the use of Hp for management of allodynia by providing resilience against the neuroinflammation and pain associated with SCI and other neuropathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett Ungerer
- Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Jiankun Cui
- Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Tina Ndam
- Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Mikeala Bekemeier
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Hailong Song
- Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Runting Li
- Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Heather R Siedhoff
- Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Michael K Appenteng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - C Michael Greenlief
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Dennis K Miller
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Grace Y Sun
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine and College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - William R Folk
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine and College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Zezong Gu
- Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
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14
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Tang Y, Yang XK, Zhang XW, Wu WT, Zhang FL, Jiang H, Liu YL, Amatore C, Huang WH. Harpagide, a natural product, promotes synaptic vesicle release as measured by nanoelectrode amperometry. Chem Sci 2019; 11:778-785. [PMID: 34123052 PMCID: PMC8146302 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05538j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons and low level of dopamine (DA) in the midbrain. Recent studies suggested that some natural products can protect neurons against injury, but their role on neurotransmitter release and the underlying mechanisms remained unknown. In this work, nanoelectrode electrochemistry was used for the first time to quantify DA release inside single DAergic synapses. Our results unambiguously demonstrated that harpagide, a natural product, effectively enhances synaptic DA release and restores DA release at normal levels from injured neurons in PD model. These important protective and curative effects are shown to result from the fact that harpagide efficiently inhibits the phosphorylation and aggregation of α-synuclein by alleviating the intracellular reactive oxygen level, being beneficial for vesicle loading and recycling. This establishes that harpagide offers promising avenues for preventive or therapeutic interventions against PD and other neurodegenerative disorders. Nanoelectrode amperometry was used to monitor DA release inside single DAergic synapses, and demonstrated that harpagide effectively enhances synaptic DA release by reducing intracellular ROS generation and inhibiting α-Syn phosphorylation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Xiao-Ke Yang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Xin-Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Wen-Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Fu-Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Christian Amatore
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China .,PASTEUR, Departement de Chimie, Pcole Normale Superieure, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
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15
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Quality Assessment of Commercial Spagyric Tinctures of Harpagophytum procumbens and Their Antioxidant Properties. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122251. [PMID: 31212908 PMCID: PMC6630815 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparations from the dried tubers of Harpagophytum procumbens (Burch.) DC ex Meisn, commonly known as devil’s claw, are mainly used in modern medicine to relieve joint pain and inflammation in patients suffering from rheumatic and arthritic disorders. This paper describes for the first time the chemical profile of a commercial spagyric tincture (named 019) prepared from the roots of the plant. For comparison purposes, a commercial not-spagyric devil’s claw tincture (NST) was also analyzed. Chemical investigation of the content of specialized metabolites in the three samples indicated that harpagoside was the main compound, followed by the two isomers acteoside and isoacteoside. Compositional consistence over time was obtained by the chemical fingerprinting of another spagyric tincture (named 014) from the same producer that was already expired according to the recommendation on the label of the product. The two spagyric preparations did not show significant compositional differences as revealed by HPLC and MS analyses, except for a decrease in harpagide content in the expired 014 tincture. Moreover, their antioxidant capacities as assessed by 2,2’-di-phenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2.2’-azin-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) methods resulted in very similar IC50 values. The expired 014 tincture showed instead a lower IC50 value compared to the 019 and NST tinctures with the ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay, indicating a higher ferric-reducing antioxidant ability. Overall, these results indicated that the two preparations could generally maintain good stability and biological activity at least for the four years from the production to the expiration date.
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16
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The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Shinbaro3 Is Mediated by Downregulation of the TLR4 Signalling Pathway in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:4514329. [PMID: 29849490 PMCID: PMC5907526 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4514329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Shinbaro3, a formulation derived from the hydrolysed roots of Harpagophytum procumbens var. sublobatum (Engl.) Stapf, has been clinically used in the pharamacopuncture treatment of arthritis in Korea. In the present study, Shinbaro3 inhibited NO generation in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Shinbaro3 also downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of inflammatory mediators in a dose-dependent manner. Three mechanisms explaining the effects of Shinbaro3 in RAW 264.7 cells were identified as follows: (1) inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways; (2) suppression of IκB kinase-α/β (IKK-α/β) phosphorylation and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) subunits in the NF-κB pathway, which are involved in MyD88-dependent signalling; and (3) downregulation of IFN-β mRNA expression via inhibition of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and Janus-activated kinase 1 (JAK1)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) phosphorylation, which is involved in TRIF-dependent signalling. Shinbaro3 exerted anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells through modulation of the TLR4/MyD88 pathways, suggesting that Shinbaro3 is a novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic candidate in the field of pharmacopuncture.
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17
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Wang JZ, Zhang YF, Xu F, Shang MY, Liu GX, Cai SQ. Investigation of the in vivo
metabolism of harpagoside and distribution of its metabolites in rats by HPLC-IT-TOF-MS
n. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4218. [PMID: 29470860 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Zhe Wang
- Division of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- Division of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Feng Xu
- Division of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Ming-Ying Shang
- Division of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Guang-Xue Liu
- Division of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Shao-Qing Cai
- Division of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Beijing China
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18
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Renda G, Korkmaz B, Kılıç M, Duman MK, Kırmızıbekmez H. Evaluation of in vivo analgesic activity of Scrophularia kotscyhana and isolation of bioactive compounds through activity-guided fractionation. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:1902-1910. [PMID: 28758426 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1356829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the in vivo analgesic activities of the extracts prepared from the aerial parts and roots of Scrophularia kotscyhana and to isolate the bioactive metabolites from the most active extract. Analgesic activities of all extracts and subextracts at the doses of 5, 10 and 30 mg/kg (i.p.) were examined using hot plate test in mice. Among the tested extracts, MeOH extract prepared from the aerial parts and the n-butanol subextract prepared thereof displayed the best analgesic activity at all doses. Phytochemical studies on n-butanol subextract led to the isolation of two new iridoid glycosides as an inseparable mixture, 8-O-acetyl-4'-O-(E)-(p-coumaroyl)-harpagide (1) and 8-O-acetyl-4'-O-(Z)-(p-coumaroyl)-harpagide (2) along with five known secondary metabolites, β-sitosterol 3-O-β-glucopyranoside (3), apigenin 7-O-β-glucopyranoside (4), apigenin 7-O-rutinoside (5), luteolin 7-O-β-glucopyranoside (6) and luteolin 7-O-rutinoside (7). The iridoid mixture (1 and 2), 3 and 4 elicited significant inhibition of pain at 5 mg/kg dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülin Renda
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy , Karadeniz Technical University , Trabzon , Turkey
| | - Büşra Korkmaz
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy , Karadeniz Technical University , Trabzon , Turkey
| | - Merve Kılıç
- b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology , Karadeniz Technical University , Trabzon , Turkey
| | - Mine Kadıoğlu Duman
- b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology , Karadeniz Technical University , Trabzon , Turkey
| | - Hasan Kırmızıbekmez
- c Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy , Yeditepe University , Istanbul , Turkey
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19
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Venditti A, Frezza C, Caretti F, Gentili A, Serafini M, Bianco A. Constituents of Melittis melissophyllum subsp. albida. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601101101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, for the first time, we have reported the analysis of the polar fraction of Melittis melissophyllum subsp. albida, a species with ecological relevance which is also used in traditional medicine of Central-Southern Italy. Iridoid glucosides were mainly identified, together with verbascoside, an ubiquitous phenyl-ethanoid glycoside, with chemotaxonomic implications in Lamiales order. The majority of the isolated compounds is endowed with interesting bio-activities and may justify the traditional uses of this plant also from a chemical point of view. Several peculiarities were also recorded in the metabolic pattern of this subspecies, i.e. the presence of virginioside and geniposidic acid, two rare compounds in the Lamiaceae family. The presence of free cinnamic acid was an additional characteristic of this subspecies which showed a specific secondary metabolites content. These phytochemical peculiarities, together with the morphological differences showed by the subsp. albida in respect to the nominal species, may be a base for a reconsideration of the systematic of Melittis melissophyllum subsp. albida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Venditti
- Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Dipartimento di Chimica Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Claudio Frezza
- Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Fulvia Caretti
- Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Dipartimento di Chimica Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gentili
- Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Dipartimento di Chimica Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Mauro Serafini
- Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Armandodoriano Bianco
- Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Dipartimento di Chimica Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185 Roma, Italy
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20
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Boukes GJ, van de Venter M. The apoptotic and autophagic properties of two natural occurring prodrugs, hyperoside and hypoxoside, against pancreatic cancer cell lines. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:617-626. [PMID: 27459118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is only the 12th most common cancer, but the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. This is due to late prognosis, poor response to chemotherapy and early metastases. Natural prodrugs may play an important role in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. The main aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity of five natural prodrugs, namely harpagoside, hyperoside, hypoxoside, oleuropein and polydatin, by investigating apoptosis and autophagy as possible mechanism/s of action. Hypoxoside and hyperoside have shown selective cytotoxicity at IC50 values of ∼25 and 50μM against INS-1 and MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells, respectively. Hypoxoside and hyperoside induced G2/M phase arrest and caspase-3 activation in INS-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells, respectively. Hoechst/phalloidin staining confirmed morphological changes, including condensed chromatin multinucleation, membrane blebbing and loss of cytoskeletal arrangement in INS-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells. Acridine orange staining was absent in INS-1 (hypoxoside) and MIA PaCa-2 (hyperoside) treated cells, whereas LC3B expression was not significantly increased. INS-1 and MIA PaCa-2 treated cells favour the cell death pathway, apoptosis, over the cell survival pathway, autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhardt J Boukes
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research Group, P.O. Box 77000, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - Maryna van de Venter
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research Group, P.O. Box 77000, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa.
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21
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Rahimi A, Razmkhah K, Mehrnia M, Mohamadnia A, Sahebjamee H, Salehi S, Asl EA, Tahmasebi H, Shandiz SAS, Davouodbeglou F, Ghasemi S, Ardalan N, Kordkandi ZG. Molecular docking and binding study of harpagoside and harpagide as novel anti-inflammatory and anti-analgesic compound from Harpagophytum procumbens based on their interactions with COX-2 enzyme. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)61019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Zhu T, Zhang L, Ling S, Qian F, Li Y, Xu JW. Anti-Inflammatory Activity Comparison among Scropoliosides-Catalpol Derivatives with 6-O-Substituted Cinnamyl Moieties. Molecules 2015; 20:19823-36. [PMID: 26540037 PMCID: PMC6331811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201119659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that scropolioside B has higher anti-inflammatory activity than catalpol does after the inhibition of nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity and IL-1β expression, maturation, and secretion. Various scropoliosides were extracted, isolated, and purified from Scrophularia dentata Royle ex Benth. We then compared their anti-inflammatory activities against LPS-induced NF-κB activity, cytokines mRNA expression, IL-1β secretion, and cyclooxygenase-2 activity. The inhibitory effects of the scropoliosides varied depending on whether the 6-O-substituted cinnamyl moiety was linked to C′′ 2-OH, C′′3-OH, or C′′4-OH, and on the number of moieties linked, which is closely related to the enhancement of antiinflammatory activity. Among these compounds, scropolioside B had the strongest antiinflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhu
- Murad Research Institute for Modernized Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
| | - Liuqiang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
| | - Shuang Ling
- Murad Research Institute for Modernized Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
| | - Fei Qian
- Murad Research Institute for Modernized Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
| | - Jin-Wen Xu
- Murad Research Institute for Modernized Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
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23
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Ramírez-Cisneros MÁ, Rios MY, Aguilar-Guadarrama AB, Rao PPN, Aburto-Amar R, Rodríguez-López V. In vitro COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme inhibitory activities of iridoids from Penstemon barbatus, Castilleja tenuiflora, Cresentia alata and Vitex mollis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4505-8. [PMID: 26351040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A group of sixteen iridoids isolated from plants used as anti-inflammatory remedies in Mexican folk medicine were evaluated for their potential to inhibit cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes. From these assays, loganic acid (10) was identified as the most promising compound with both COX-1 (36.0 ± 0.6%) and COX-2 (80.8 ± 4.0%) inhibition at 10 μM. Compound 10 shows a better inhibition against the COX-2 enzyme. Other iridoids tested in the present study showed weak or no inhibition against these enzymes. Furthermore, herein are presented key interactions of iridoid 10 with COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes through molecular docking studies. These studies suggest that 10 exhibits anti-inflammatory activity due to COX inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ángeles Ramírez-Cisneros
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - María Yolanda Rios
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - A Berenice Aguilar-Guadarrama
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Praveen P N Rao
- School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Rola Aburto-Amar
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Verónica Rodríguez-López
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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24
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Venditti A, Frezza C, Guarcini L, Maggi F, Bianco A, Serafini M. Reassessment of Melittis melissophyllum L. subsp. melissophyllum iridoidic fraction. Nat Prod Res 2015; 30:218-22. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1040792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Venditti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Piazzale Aldo Moro, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale Piazzale Aldo Moro, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - C. Frezza
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale Piazzale Aldo Moro, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - L. Guarcini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Piazzale Aldo Moro, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza-University of Rome, P.le A. Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - F. Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - A. Bianco
- Dipartimento di Chimica Piazzale Aldo Moro, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - M. Serafini
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale Piazzale Aldo Moro, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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25
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Scropolioside B inhibits IL-1β and cytokines expression through NF-κB and inflammasome NLRP3 pathways. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:819053. [PMID: 25386048 PMCID: PMC4216717 DOI: 10.1155/2014/819053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is associated with various chronic illnesses including immunity disorders, cancer, neurodegeneration, and vascular diseases. Iridoids are compounds with anti-inflammatory properties. However their anti-inflammatory mechanism remains unclear. Here, we report that scropolioside B, isolated from a Tibetan medicine (Scrophularia dentata Royle ex Benth.), blocked expressions of TNF, IL-1, and IL-32 through NF-κB pathway. Scropolioside B inhibited NF-κB activity in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 1.02 μmol/L. However, catalpol, similar to scropolioside B, was not effective in inhibiting NF-κB activity. Interestingly, scropolioside B and catalpol decreased the expression of NLRP3 and cardiolipin synthetase at both the mRNA and protein level. Our results showed that scropolioside B is superior in inhibiting the expression, maturation, and secretion of IL-1β compared to catalpol. These observations provide further understanding of the anti-inflammatory effects of iridoids and highlight scropolioside B as a potential drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis.
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Hostanska K, Melzer J, Rostock M, Suter A, Saller R. Alteration of anti-inflammatory activity of Harpagophytum procumbens (devil's claw) extract after external metabolic activation with S9 mix. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 66:1606-14. [PMID: 25175765 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extracts of the tubers of Harpagophytum procumbens (devil's claw, DC) inhibit different proinflammatory mediators important in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis. Many plant-derived preparations interfere with cytochrome P450 liver enzymes, which influence their different biological activities. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the influence of an external metabolic activation of a DC extract on the cytotoxicity and the release of proinflammatory cytokines. METHODS A screening experiment with a panel of 12 inflammatory cytokines identified three as suitable for the study: tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) IL-6 and IL-8. They were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated monocytic THP-1 cells, which were treated with rat liver S9 mix metabolically activated DC extract (DCm). For the cytotoxity experiments, a WST-1 assay was used. KEY FINDINGS DC dose-dependently suppressed the release of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in LPS-stimulated monocytic THP-1 cells at non-cytotoxic concentrations (50-250 μg/ml). The metabolic activation of the DC extract by S9 mix did not alternate its cytotoxicity and did not diminish its inhibitory effect. This effect was improved in the case of TNF-α inhibition as reflected by their EC50 values of 116 ± 8.2 μg/ml and 49 ± 3.5 μg/ml for DC and DCm (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Cytokines inhibitory activity of DC was not affected after its external metabolic activation. However, the amount of harpagoside and caffeic acid derivates was decreased. Other components of the extract might have contributed to its anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Hostanska
- Institute for Complementary Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Tundis R, Peruzzi L, Menichini F. Phytochemical and biological studies of Stachys species in relation to chemotaxonomy: a review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 102:7-39. [PMID: 24661611 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The genus Stachys is comprised of about 300 species spread throughout the world, hence representing one of the largest genera of the Lamiaceae. Several Stachys species have been exploited in traditional medicine as astringent, wound-healing, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-nephritic and anti-inflammatory agents. Moreover, antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of some Stachys species are documented. Iridoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids and diterpenoids are reported as secondary metabolites of different species of this genus. The aim of the present review is to summarize and to highlight the recent advances in current knowledge on Stachys species and to compile reports of chemical constituents isolated from the genus Stachys over the past decades, together with their structural features, biological activities, and structure-activity relationships. Diversity of chemical constituents is discussed in relationship with current Stachys infrageneric taxonomy, classification and relationships with systematically close genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy.
| | | | - Francesco Menichini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
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Feng Y, Liu Z, Peng Y, Zhang L, Ju P, Bi K, Chen X. Validated LC-MS method for simultaneous quantitation of catalpol and harpagide in rat plasma: application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study in normal and diabetic rats after oral administration of Zeng-Ye-Decoction. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1503-10. [PMID: 23754598 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantitation of catalpol and harpagide in normal and diabetic rat plasma. Protein precipitation extraction with acetonitrile was carried out using salidroside as the internal standard (IS). The LC separation was performed on an Elite C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water within a runtime of 12.0 min. The analytes were detected without endogenous interference in the selected ion monitoring mode with positive electrospray ionization. Calibration curves offered satisfactory linearity (r > 0.99) at linear range of 0.05-50.0 µg/mL for catalpol and 0.025-5.0 µg/mL for harpagide with the lower limits of quantitation of 0.05 and 0.025 µg/mL, respectively. Intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD) were <9.4%, and accuracy (RE) was in the -6.6 to 4.9% range. The extraction efficiencies of catalpol, harpagide and IS were all >76.5% and the matrix effects of the analytes ranged from 86.5 to 106.0%. The method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of catalpol and harpagide after oral administration of Zeng-Ye-Decoction to normal and diabetic rats, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Feng
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenhe District, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Wen B, He R, Li P, Xu Q, Lu Y, Peng B, Li J. Pharmacokinetics of 8-O-acetylharpagide and harpagide after oral administration of Ajuga decumbens Thunb extract in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 147:503-508. [PMID: 23545457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ajuga decumbens Thunb is a medicinal plant native to China popularly used to treat chronic pelvic inflammation and hysteromyoma. Its main bioactive components are iridoid glycosides, such as 8-O-acetylharpagide and harpagide that had presented antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities. AIM OF THE STUDY To establish a sensitive LC-MS/MS method and compare the pharmacokinetics of 8-O-acetylharpagide and harpagide in rats after oral administration of their pure forms and from compounds obtained from Ajuga decumbens extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats received orally 15 mg/kg (equivalent of 6 mg/kg 8-O-acetylharpagide and 1.5mg/kg harpagide), 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg of Ajuga decumbens Thunb extract and were compared to animals that received 12 mg/kg of 8-O-acetylharpagide or 3mg/kg of harpagide p.o. Concentrations of 8-O-acetylharpagide and harpagide in plasma were determined by LC-MS/MS method at different time points and all pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by non-compartmental analysis. RESULTS Results showed that the iridoid glycosides were quickly absorbed by oral route and showed a dose-dependence profile. Pharmacokinetic parameters of both glycosides were essentially the same except Tmax when dosed as the extract or pure forms. CONCLUSION 8-O-acetylharpagide was metabolized to harpagide, which affected the pharmacokinetic profiles of harpagide when dosed as the extract. This pharmacokinetic study seems to be useful for a further clinical study of Ajuga decumbens Thunb extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyu Wen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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Abstract
There is a growing interest in natural plant-based remedies as a source for commercial products. Around 80% of the South African population use traditional medicines to meet their primary health care needs; however, only a few South African medicinal plants have been exploited to their full potential in terms of commercialization. The opportunity for bioprospecting of plant compounds for novel pharmaceuticals remains largely untapped. Certain renowned medicinal plants of international acclaim including buchu and rooibos are currently contributing to local enterprise; however, other exciting opportunities exist for commonly used plants which have not yet reached the international arena. This paper focuses on the key research and development contributions of 10 commercially important medicinal plants of South Africa. Traditional uses, scientific validation, commercialisation developments, as well as both potential opportunities and setbacks are discussed.
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Mncwangi N, Chen W, Vermaak I, Viljoen AM, Gericke N. Devil's Claw-a review of the ethnobotany, phytochemistry and biological activity of Harpagophytum procumbens. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 143:755-771. [PMID: 22940241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Harpagophytum procumbens subps. procumbens (Burch.) DC. ex Meisn. (Pedaliaceae) is an important traditional medicine growing in the Kalahari region of southern Africa where it is consumed as a general health tonic and for treating diverse ailments including arthritis, pain, fever, ulcers and boils. AIM OF THE REVIEW To provide a comprehensive overview of the ethnobotany, phytochemistry and biological activity of H. procumbens and possibly make recommendations for further research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peer-reviewed articles on H. procumbens were acquired on Scopus, ScienceDirect and SciFinder, there was no specific timeline set for the search. A focus group discussion was held with different communities in Botswana to further understand ethnobotanical uses of the plant. RESULTS Harpogophytum procumbens is used for a wide variety of health conditions in the form of infusions, decoctions, tinctures, powders and extracts. In addition to the common local use for arthritis and pain, other ethnomedicinal uses include dyspepsia, fever, blood diseases, urinary tract infections, postpartum pain, sprains, sores, ulcers and boils. Scientific studies revealed that H. procumbens exhibits analgesic, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-epileptic, antimicrobial and antimalarial activities amongst others. Iridoid glycosides and phenylpropanoid glycosides have been the focus of phytochemical investigations as the biological activity has been ascribed to the iridoid glycosides (such as harpagoside and harpagide), which are common in nature and are known to possess anti-inflammatory activity. In addition, it has been shown that the hydrolysed products of harpagoside and harpagide have more pronounced anti-inflammatory activity when compared to the unhydrolysed compounds. Harpagophytum zeyheri is a close taxonomic ally of H. procumbens but H. procumbens is the favoured species of commerce, and contains higher levels of the pharmacologically active constituents. The two are used interchangeably and H. procumbens raw material is often intentionally adulterated with H. zeyheri and this may impact on the efficacy of inadequately controlled health products. The main exporter of this highly commercialised plant is Namibia. In 2009 alone, Harpagophytum exports were worth approximately €1.06 million. The high demand for health products based on this plant has led to over-harvesting, raising concerns about sustainability. Although only the secondary tubers are utilised commercially, the whole plant is often destroyed during harvesting. CONCLUSIONS Harpagophytum procumbens is used to treat a wide range of ailments. Some of the ethnobotanical claims have been confirmed through in vitro studies, however, when the constituents deemed to be the biologically active compounds were isolated the efficacy was lower than that of the whole extract. This necessitates the use of a different approach where all the metabolites are considered using a robust method such as spectroscopy; the phytochemical data can then be superimposed on the biological activity. Furthermore, there is a need to develop rapid and efficient quality control methods for both raw materials and products because the orthodox methods in current use are time-consuming and labour intensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nontobeko Mncwangi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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Viljoen A, Mncwangi N, Vermaak I. Anti-inflammatory iridoids of botanical origin. Curr Med Chem 2012; 19:2104-27. [PMID: 22414102 PMCID: PMC3873812 DOI: 10.2174/092986712800229005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a manifestation of a wide range of disorders which include; arthritis, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, inflammatory bowel syndrome, physical injury and infection amongst many others. Common treatment modalities are usually nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, paracetamol, indomethacin and ibuprofen as well as corticosteroids such as prednisone. These however, may be associated with a host of side effects due to non-selectivity for cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes involved in inflammation and those with selectivity may be highly priced. Thus, there is a continuing search for safe and effective antiinflammatory molecules from natural sources. Research has confirmed that iridoids exhibit promising anti-inflammatory activity which may be beneficial in the treatment of inflammation. Iridoids are secondary metabolites present in various plants, especially in species belonging to the Apocynaceae, Lamiaceae, Loganiaceae, Rubiaceae, Scrophulariaceae and Verbenaceae families. Many of these ethnobotanicals have an illustrious history of traditional use alluding to their use to treat inflammation. Although iridoids exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities such as cardiovascular, hepatoprotection, hypoglycaemic, antimutagenic, antispasmodic, anti-tumour, antiviral, immunomodulation and purgative effects this review will acutely focus on their anti-inflammatory properties. The paper aims to present a summary for the most prominent iridoid-containing plants for which anti-inflammatory activity has been demonstrated in vitro and / or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa.
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