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P SS, K NB, Rekha T, Padmaja A, Padmavathi V. Molecular properties prediction, synthesis, and antimicrobial activity of bis(azolyl)sulfonamidoacetamides. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2000483. [PMID: 33977563 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A library of bis(azolyl)sulfonamidoacetamides was prepared by the reaction of azolylsulfonylamines with azolylchloroacetamides in the presence of pyridine/4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) under ultrasonication. The reaction proceeded well with DMAP, resulting in a higher yield of the products. The antimicrobial activity of the compounds indicated that N-{5-[N-(2-{[4-(4-chloro-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)amino}-2-oxoethyl)sulfamoyl]-4-phenylthiazol-2-yl}benzamide (22a), N-{5-[N-(2-{[4-(4-chloro-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]amino}-2-oxoethyl)sulfamoyl]-4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl}benzamide (22c), and N-{5-[N-(2-{[4-(4-chloro-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]amino}-2-oxoethyl)sulfamoyl]-4-(4-chloro-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl}benzamide (24c) exhibited a low minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Bacillus subtilis, equal to the standard drug, chloramphenicol. Compounds 22c and 24c also showed low MICs against Aspergillus niger, equal to the standard drug, ketoconazole. The molecular properties of the synthesized molecules were studied to identify druglikeness properties of the target compounds. On the basis of molecular properties prediction, 19a, 19b, 20b, 20c, 21a-c, 22b, 22c, and 23a-c can be treated as drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Sankar P
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Narendra Babu K
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Tamatam Rekha
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Adivireddy Padmaja
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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2
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Fatima GN, Paliwal SK, Saraf SK. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Novel 7-Chloro-4-aminoquinoline Derivatives. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Vaidya NA, Vyas R. Computational Studies of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine Metabolites as Possible Candidates for Coronavirus (COVID-19) Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:569665. [PMID: 33364944 PMCID: PMC7751693 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.569665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 pandemic is claiming many lives, impacting the health and livelihoods of billions of people worldwide and causing global economic havoc. As a novel disease with protean manifestations, it has pushed the scientific community into a frenzy to find a cure. The chloroquine class of compounds, used for decades for their antimalarial activity, have been well characterized. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a less toxic metabolite of chloroquine, is used to treat rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and Sjögren’s syndrome. Preliminary studies in non-randomized clinical trials point to the possible use of chloroquine and its derivatives in the treatment of coronavirus. However, more robust clinical studies carried out in the United States, Italy, Australia, and China have shown mixed and inconclusive results and indicate the need for additional research. Cardiac, neurological, and retinal toxicity as well as increasing parasite resistance to these drugs is a major hindrance for their use in a world that is already dealing with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In this context, we chose to study the monoquinoline analogs of 4-aminoquinoline as well as their metabolites which have the same mechanism of action albeit with lower toxicity. All the compounds were extensively studied computationally using docking, cheminformatics, and toxicity prediction tools. Based on the docking scores against ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) receptors and the toxicity data computed by employing the chemical analyzer module by ViridisChem™ Inc., the work reveals significant findings that can help in the process of use of these metabolites against coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renu Vyas
- MIT School of Bioengineering Sciences & Research, Pune, India
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4
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Barbero H, Meunier A, Kotturi K, Smith A, Kyritsakas N, Killmeyer A, Rabbani R, Nazimuddin M, Masson E. Counterintuitive torsional barriers controlled by hydrogen bonding. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:20602-20611. [PMID: 32966431 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03285a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The torsional barriers along the Caryl-Caryl axis of a pair of isosteric disubstituted biphenyls were determined by variable temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy in three solvents with contrasted hydrogen bond accepting abilities (1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane-d2, nitrobenzene-d5 and dimethyl sulfoxide-d6). One of the biphenyl scaffolds was substituted at its ortho and ortho' positions with N'-acylcarbohydrazide groups that could engage in a pair of intramolecular N-HO=C hydrogen bonding interactions at the ground state, but not at the transition state of the torsional isomerization pathway. The torsional barrier of this biphenyl was exceedingly low despite the presence of the hydrogen bonds (16.1, 15.6 and 13.4 kcal mol-1 in the three aforementioned solvents), compared to the barrier of the reference biphenyl (15.3 ± 0.1 kcal mol-1 on average). Density functional theory and the solvation model developed by Hunter were used to decipher the various forces at play. They highlighted the strong stabilization of hydrogen bond donating solutes not only by hydrogen bond accepting solvents, but also by weakly polar, yet polarizable solvents. As fast exchanges on the NMR time scale were observed above the melting point of dimethyl sulfoxide-d6, a simple but accurate model was also proposed to extrapolate low free activation energies in a pure solvent (dimethyl sulfoxide-d6) from higher ones determined in mixtures of solvents (dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 in nitrobenzene-d5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Barbero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA.
| | - Antoine Meunier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA.
| | - Kondalarao Kotturi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA.
| | - Ashton Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA.
| | - Nathalie Kyritsakas
- Molecular Tectonics Laboratory, University of Strasbourg, UMR UDS-CNRS 7140, Institut le Bel, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Adam Killmeyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA.
| | - Ramin Rabbani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA.
| | - Md Nazimuddin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA.
| | - Eric Masson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA.
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5
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Van de Walle T, Boone M, Van Puyvelde J, Combrinck J, Smith PJ, Chibale K, Mangelinckx S, D'hooghe M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel quinoline-piperidine scaffolds as antiplasmodium agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 198:112330. [PMID: 32408064 PMCID: PMC7294232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The parasitic disease malaria places almost half of the world's population at risk of infection and is responsible for more than 400,000 deaths each year. The first-line treatment, artemisinin combination therapies (ACT) regimen, is under threat due to emerging resistance of Plasmodium falciparum strains in e.g. the Mekong delta. Therefore, the development of new antimalarial agents is crucial in order to circumvent the growing resistance. Chloroquine, the long-established antimalarial drug, still serves as model compound for the design of new quinoline analogues, resulting in numerous new active derivatives against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum strains over the past twenty years. In this work, a set of functionalized quinoline analogues, decorated with a modified piperidine-containing side chain, was synthesized. Both amino- and (aminomethyl)quinolines were prepared, resulting in a total of 18 novel quinoline-piperidine conjugates representing four different chemical series. Evaluation of their in vitro antiplasmodium activity against a CQ-sensitive (NF54) and a CQ-resistant (K1) strain of P. falciparum unveiled highly potent activities in the nanomolar range against both strains for five 4-aminoquinoline derivatives. Moreover, no cytotoxicity was observed for all active compounds at the maximum concentration tested. These five new aminoquinoline hit structures are therefore of considerable value for antimalarial research and have the potency to be transformed into novel antimalarial agents upon further hit-to-lead optimization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Van de Walle
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maya Boone
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Van Puyvelde
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jill Combrinck
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Cape Town, K45, OMB, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, 7925, South Africa; Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, South Africa
| | - Peter J Smith
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Cape Town, K45, OMB, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Sven Mangelinckx
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthias D'hooghe
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Rossier J, Nasiri Sovari S, Pavic A, Vojnovic S, Stringer T, Bättig S, Smith GS, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Zobi F. Antiplasmodial Activity and In Vivo Bio-Distribution of Chloroquine Molecules Released with a 4-(4-Ethynylphenyl)-Triazole Moiety from Organometallo-Cobalamins. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122310. [PMID: 31234469 PMCID: PMC6630517 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have explored the possibility of using organometallic derivatives of cobalamin as a scaffold for the delivery of the same antimalarial drug to both erythro- and hepatocytes. This hybrid molecule approach, intended as a possible tool for the development of multi-stage antimalarial agents, pivots on the preparation of azide-functionalized drugs which, after coupling to the vitamin, are released with a 4-(4-ethynylphenyl)-triazole functionality. Three chloroquine and one imidazolopiperazine derivative (based on the KAF156 structure) were selected as model drugs. One hybrid chloroquine conjugate was extensively studied via fluorescent labelling for in vitro and in vivo bio-distribution studies and gave proof-of-concept for the design. It showed no toxicity in vivo (zebrafish model) as well as no hepatotoxicity, no cardiotoxicity or developmental toxicity of the embryos. All 4-(4-ethynylphenyl)-triazole derivatives of chloroquine were equally active against chloroquine-resistant (CQR) and chloroquine-sensitive (CQS) Plasmodium falciparum strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremie Rossier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Sara Nasiri Sovari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Aleksandar Pavic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Sandra Vojnovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Tameryn Stringer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
| | - Sarah Bättig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Gregory S Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
| | - Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Fabio Zobi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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7
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Kayathi NB, Sowmya DV, Adivireddy P, Venkatapuram P. Synthesis of Benzazolyl Pyrimidines Under Ultrasonication and Their Antimicrobial Activity. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Babu Kayathi
- Department of Chemistry; Sri Venkateswara University; Tirupati 517502 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Donthamsetty V. Sowmya
- Department of Chemistry; Sri Venkateswara University; Tirupati 517502 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Padmaja Adivireddy
- Department of Chemistry; Sri Venkateswara University; Tirupati 517502 Andhra Pradesh India
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8
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Monastyrskyi A, Nilchan N, Quereda V, Noguchi Y, Ruiz C, Grant W, Cameron M, Duckett D, Roush W. Development of dual casein kinase 1δ/1ε (CK1δ/ε) inhibitors for treatment of breast cancer. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:590-602. [PMID: 29289448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Casein kinase 1δ/ε have been identified as promising therapeutic target for oncology application, including breast and brain cancer. Here, we described our continued efforts in optimization of a lead series of purine scaffold inhibitors that led to identification of two new CK1δ/ε inhibitors 17 and 28 displaying low nanomolar values in antiproliferative assays against the human MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cell line and have physical, in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic properties suitable for use in proof of principle animal xenograft studies against human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Monastyrskyi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Napon Nilchan
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Victor Quereda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Yoshihiko Noguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Claudia Ruiz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Wayne Grant
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Michael Cameron
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Derek Duckett
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - William Roush
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States.
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9
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Hu YQ, Gao C, Zhang S, Xu L, Xu Z, Feng LS, Wu X, Zhao F. Quinoline hybrids and their antiplasmodial and antimalarial activities. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:22-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Rekha T, Durgamma S, Padmaja A, Padmavathi V. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of bis(azolyl)quinazoline-2,4-diamines. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-017-1981-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Srbljanović J, Štajner T, Konstantinović J, Terzić-Jovanović N, Uzelac A, Bobić B, Šolaja BA, Djurković-Djaković O. Examination of the antimalarial potential of experimental aminoquinolines: poor in vitro effect does not preclude in vivo efficacy. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 50:461-466. [PMID: 28668677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Malaria remains a major disease in the developing world and globally is the most important parasitic disease causing significant morbidity and mortality. Because of widespread resistance to conventional antimalarials, including chloroquine (CQ), new drugs are urgently needed. Here we report on the antimalarial efficacy, both in vitro and in vivo, of a series of aminoquinoline derivatives with adamantane or benzothiophene as a carrier. In vitro efficacy was evaluated by a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay in cultures of a CQ-sensitive (3D7) and CQ-resistant (Dd2) strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Of a series of 26 screened compounds, 12 that exerted a growth inhibition rate of ≥50% were further examined in vitro to determine the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values. Nine compounds shown in preliminary experiments to be non-toxic in vivo were evaluated in C57BL/6 mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain using a modified Thompson test. All nine compounds examined in vivo prolonged the survival of treated versus untreated mice, four of which afforded ≥60% survival. Most notably, two of these compounds, both with the adamantane carrier, afforded complete cure (100% survival and parasite clearance). Interestingly, one of these compounds had no in vitro effect against the CQ-resistant P. falciparum strain. Better in vivo compared with in vitro results suggest a role for compound metabolites rather than the compounds themselves. The results presented here point to adamantane as a carrier that enhances the antimalarial potential of aminoquinolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Srbljanović
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, P.O. Box 39, 11129 Belgrade 102, Serbia
| | - Tijana Štajner
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, P.O. Box 39, 11129 Belgrade 102, Serbia
| | - Jelena Konstantinović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Aleksandra Uzelac
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, P.O. Box 39, 11129 Belgrade 102, Serbia
| | - Branko Bobić
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, P.O. Box 39, 11129 Belgrade 102, Serbia
| | - Bogdan A Šolaja
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia; Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olgica Djurković-Djaković
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, P.O. Box 39, 11129 Belgrade 102, Serbia.
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12
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Bispo MLF, Lima CHS, Cardoso LNF, Candéa ALP, Bezerra FAFM, Lourenço MCS, Henriques MGMO, Alencastro RB, Kaiser CR, Souza MVN, Albuquerque MG. Anti-Mycobacterial Evaluation of 7-Chloro-4-Aminoquinolines and Hologram Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (HQSAR) Modeling of Amino-Imino Tautomers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:ph10020052. [PMID: 28598408 PMCID: PMC5490409 DOI: 10.3390/ph10020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In an ongoing research program for the development of new anti-tuberculosis drugs, we synthesized three series (A, B, and C) of 7-chloro-4-aminoquinolines, which were evaluated in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Now, we report the anti-MTB and cytotoxicity evaluations of a new series, D (D01–D21). Considering the active compounds of series A (A01–A13), B (B01–B13), C (C01–C07), and D (D01–D09), we compose a data set of 42 compounds and carried out hologram quantitative structure–activity relationship (HQSAR) analysis. The amino–imino tautomerism of the 4-aminoquinoline moiety was considered using both amino (I) and imino (II) forms as independent datasets. The best HQSAR model from each dataset was internally validated and both models showed significant statistical indexes. Tautomer I model: leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validated correlation coefficient (q2) = 0.80, squared correlation coefficient (r2) = 0.97, standard error (SE) = 0.12, cross-validated standard error (SEcv) = 0.32. Tautomer II model: q2 = 0.77, r2 = 0.98, SE = 0.10, SEcv = 0.35. Both models were externally validated by predicting the activity values of the corresponding test set, and the tautomer II model, which showed the best external prediction performance, was used to predict the biological activity responses of the compounds that were not evaluated in the anti-MTB trials due to poor solubility, pointing out D21 for further solubility studies to attempt to determine its actual biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelle L F Bispo
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química (PGQu), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil.
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FioCruz), Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos (Far-Manguinhos), Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil.
| | - Camilo H S Lima
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Química Medicinal (LQMed), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói 24241-000, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química (PGQu), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil.
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FioCruz), Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos (Far-Manguinhos), Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil.
| | - Laura N F Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química (PGQu), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil.
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FioCruz), Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos (Far-Manguinhos), Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil.
| | - André L P Candéa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FioCruz), Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos (Far-Manguinhos), Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil.
| | - Flávio A F M Bezerra
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FioCruz), Instituto de Pesquisas Clínicas Evandro Chagas (IPEC), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
| | - Maria C S Lourenço
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FioCruz), Instituto de Pesquisas Clínicas Evandro Chagas (IPEC), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
| | - Maria G M O Henriques
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FioCruz), Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos (Far-Manguinhos), Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo B Alencastro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química (PGQu), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil.
| | - Carlos R Kaiser
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química (PGQu), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil.
| | - Marcus V N Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química (PGQu), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil.
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FioCruz), Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos (Far-Manguinhos), Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil.
| | - Magaly G Albuquerque
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química (PGQu), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil.
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13
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Ramírez–Prada J, Robledo SM, Vélez ID, Crespo MDP, Quiroga J, Abonia R, Montoya A, Svetaz L, Zacchino S, Insuasty B. Synthesis of novel quinoline–based 4,5–dihydro–1 H –pyrazoles as potential anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial and antiprotozoal agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 131:237-254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Synthesis and Evaluation of α-Glucosidase and Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition by Quinazolinone-Coumarin Hybrids. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-017-2002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Gopinath G, Sankeshi V, perugu S, Alaparthi MD, Bandaru S, Pasala VK, Chittineni PR, Krupadanam G, Sagurthi SR. Design and synthesis of chiral 2 H -chromene- N -imidazolo-amino acid conjugates as aldose reductase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:750-762. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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16
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Montoya A, Quiroga J, Abonia R, Derita M, Sortino M, Ornelas A, Zacchino S, Insuasty B. Hybrid Molecules Containing a 7-Chloro-4-aminoquinoline Nucleus and a Substituted 2-Pyrazoline with Antiproliferative and Antifungal Activity. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21080969. [PMID: 27472314 PMCID: PMC6274157 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21080969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty-four new hybrid analogues (15–38) containing 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline and 2-pyrazoline N-heterocyclic fragments were synthesized. Twelve of the new compounds were evaluated against 58 human cancer cell lines by the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI). Compounds 25, 30, 31, 36, and 37 showed significant cytostatic activity, with the most outstanding GI50 values ranging from 0.05 to 0.95 µM. The hybrid compounds (15–38) were also evaluated for antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. From the obtained results some structure–activity relationships were outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Montoya
- Grupo de Investigación de Compuestos Heterocíclicos, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, A. A. 25360 Cali, Colombia.
| | - Jairo Quiroga
- Grupo de Investigación de Compuestos Heterocíclicos, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, A. A. 25360 Cali, Colombia.
| | - Rodrigo Abonia
- Grupo de Investigación de Compuestos Heterocíclicos, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, A. A. 25360 Cali, Colombia.
| | - Marcos Derita
- Área Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Maximiliano Sortino
- Área Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Alfredo Ornelas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 799689, 500 W. University Ave. El Paso, TX 79902, USA.
| | - Susana Zacchino
- Área Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Braulio Insuasty
- Grupo de Investigación de Compuestos Heterocíclicos, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, A. A. 25360 Cali, Colombia.
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17
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Terzić N, Konstantinović J, Tot M, Burojević J, Djurković-Djaković O, Srbljanović J, Štajner T, Verbić T, Zlatović M, Machado M, Albuquerque IS, Prudêncio M, Sciotti RJ, Pecic S, D'Alessandro S, Taramelli D, Šolaja BA. Reinvestigating Old Pharmacophores: Are 4-Aminoquinolines and Tetraoxanes Potential Two-Stage Antimalarials? J Med Chem 2015; 59:264-81. [PMID: 26640981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses and antiplasmodial activities of various substituted aminoquinolines coupled to an adamantane carrier are described. The compounds exhibited pronounced in vitro and in vivo activity against Plasmodium berghei in the Thompson test. Tethering a fluorine atom to the aminoquinoline C(3) position afforded fluoroaminoquinolines that act as intrahepatocytic parasite inhibitors, with compound 25 having an IC50 = 0.31 μM and reducing the liver load in mice by up to 92% at 80 mg/kg dose. Screening our peroxides as inhibitors of liver stage infection revealed that the tetraoxane pharmacophore itself is also an excellent liver stage P. berghei inhibitor (78: IC50 = 0.33 μM). Up to 91% reduction of the parasite liver load in mice was achieved at 100 mg/kg. Examination of tetraoxane 78 against the transgenic 3D7 strain expressing luciferase under a gametocyte-specific promoter revealed its activity against stage IV-V Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes (IC50 = 1.16 ± 0.37 μM). To the best of our knowledge, compounds 25 and 78 are the first examples of either an 4-aminoquinoline or a tetraoxane liver stage inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Terzić
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology, and Metallurgy , 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Konstantinović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade , Studentski trg 16, P.O. Box 51, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mikloš Tot
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade , Studentski trg 16, P.O. Box 51, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Burojević
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade , Studentski trg 16, P.O. Box 51, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Jelena Srbljanović
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade , Dr. Subotića 4, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Štajner
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade , Dr. Subotića 4, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Verbić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade , Studentski trg 16, P.O. Box 51, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mario Zlatović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade , Studentski trg 16, P.O. Box 51, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marta Machado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa , 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês S Albuquerque
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa , 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa , 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Richard J Sciotti
- Experimental Therapeutics Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research , Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Stevan Pecic
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University , New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Sarah D'Alessandro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano , 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella Taramelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano , 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Bogdan A Šolaja
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade , Studentski trg 16, P.O. Box 51, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia
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18
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Synthesis of New 4-Aminoquinolines and Evaluation of Their In Vitro Activity against Chloroquine-Sensitive and Chloroquine-Resistant Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140878. [PMID: 26473363 PMCID: PMC4608832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of chloroquine, once the drug of choice in the fight against Plasmodium falciparum, is now severely limited due to widespread resistance. Amodiaquine is one of the most potent antimalarial 4-aminoquinolines known and remains effective against chloroquine-resistant parasites, but toxicity issues linked to a quinone-imine metabolite limit its clinical use. In search of new compounds able to retain the antimalarial activity of amodiaquine while circumventing quinone-imine metabolite toxicity, we have synthesized five 4-aminoquinolines that feature rings lacking hydroxyl groups in the side chain of the molecules and are thus incapable of generating toxic quinone-imines. The new compounds displayed high in vitro potency (low nanomolar IC50), markedly superior to chloroquine and comparable to amodiaquine, against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of P. falciparum, accompanied by low toxicity to L6 rat fibroblasts and MRC5 human lung cells, and metabolic stability comparable or higher than that of amodiaquine. Computational studies indicate a unique mode of binding of compound 4 to heme through the HOMO located on a biphenyl moeity, which may partly explain the high antiplasmodial activity observed for this compound.
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19
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Opsenica IM, Verbić TŽ, Tot M, Sciotti RJ, Pybus BS, Djurković-Djaković O, Slavić K, Šolaja BA. Investigation into novel thiophene- and furan-based 4-amino-7-chloroquinolines afforded antimalarials that cure mice. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:2176-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Distinct novel quinazolinone exhibits selective inhibition in MGC-803 cancer cells by dictating mutant p53 function. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 95:377-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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21
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Stability of the antimalarial drug dihydroartemisinin under physiologically relevant conditions: implications for clinical treatment and pharmacokinetic and in vitro assays. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:4046-52. [PMID: 25918150 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00183-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisinins are peroxidic antimalarial drugs known to be very potent but highly chemically unstable; they degrade in the presence of ferrous iron, Fe(II)-heme, or biological reductants. Less documented is how this translates into chemical stability and antimalarial activity across a range of conditions applying to in vitro testing and clinical situations. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is studied here because it is an antimalarial drug on its own and the main metabolite of other artemisinins. The behaviors of DHA in phosphate-buffered saline, plasma, or erythrocyte lysate at different temperatures and pH ranges were examined. The antimalarial activity of the residual drug was evaluated using the chemosensitivity assay on Plasmodium falciparum, and the extent of decomposition of DHA was established through use of high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection analysis. The role of the Fe(II)-heme was investigated by blocking its reactivity using carbon monoxide (CO). A significant reduction in the antimalarial activity of DHA was seen after incubation in plasma and to a lesser extent in erythrocyte lysate. Activity was reduced by half after 3 h and almost completely abolished after 24 h. Serum-enriched media also affected DHA activity. Effects were temperature and pH dependent and paralleled the increased rate of decomposition of DHA from pH 7 upwards and in plasma. These results suggest that particular care should be taken in conducting and interpreting in vitro studies, prone as their results are to experimental and drug storage conditions. Disorders such as fever, hemolysis, or acidosis associated with malaria severity may contribute to artemisinin instability and reduce their clinical efficacy.
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22
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Imperatore C, Persico M, Aiello A, Luciano P, Guiso M, Sanasi MF, Taramelli D, Parapini S, Cebrián-Torrejón G, Doménech-Carbó A, Fattorusso C, Menna M. Marine inspired antiplasmodial thiazinoquinones: synthesis, computational studies and electrochemical assays. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09302c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An original approach, starting from marine derived compounds and combining chemical, computational and electrochemical methods, evidenced the thiazinoquinone scaffold as a new chemotype active againstP. falciparum.
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23
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de Souza NB, Carmo AML, da Silva AD, França TCC, Krettli AU. Antiplasmodial activity of chloroquine analogs against chloroquine-resistant parasites, docking studies and mechanisms of drug action. Malar J 2014; 13:469. [PMID: 25440372 PMCID: PMC4265395 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the threat of resistance of human malaria parasites, including to artemisinin derivatives, new agents are needed. Chloroquine (CQ) has been the most widely used anti-malarial, and new analogs (CQAns) presenting alkynes and side chain variations with high antiplasmodial activity were evaluated. METHODS Six diaminealkyne and diaminedialkyne CQAns were evaluated against CQ-resistant (CQ-R) (W2) and CQ-sensitive (CQ-S) (3D7) Plasmodium falciparum parasites in culture. Drug cytotoxicity to a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) evaluated, allowed to calculate the drug selectivity index (SI), a ratio of drug toxicity to activity in vitro. The CQAns were re-evaluated against CQ-resistant and -sensitive P. berghei parasites in mice using the suppressive test. Docking studies with the CQAns and the human (HssLDH) or plasmodial lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH) enzymes, and, a β-haematin formation assay were performed using a lipid as a catalyst to promote crystallization in vitro. RESULTS All tested CQAns were highly active against CQ-R P. falciparum parasites, exhibiting half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) values below 1 μΜ. CQAn33 and CQAn37 had the highest SIs. Docking studies revealed the best conformation of CQAn33 inside the binding pocket of PfLDH; specificity between the residues involved in H-bonds of the PfLDH with CQAn37. CQAn33 and CQAn37 were also shown to be weak inhibitors of PfLDH. CQAn33 and CQAn37 inhibited β-haematin formation with either a similar or a 2-fold higher IC(50) value, respectively, compared with CQ. CQAn37 was active in mice with P. berghei, reducing parasitaemia by 100%. CQAn33, -39 and -45 also inhibited CQ-resistant P. berghei parasites in mice, whereas high doses of CQ were inactive. CONCLUSIONS The presence of an alkyne group and the size of the side chain affected anti-P. falciparum activity in vitro. Docking studies suggested a mechanism of action other than PfLDH inhibition. The β-haematin assay suggested the presence of an additional mechanism of action of CQAn33 and CQAn37. Tests with CQAn34, CQAn37, CQAn39 and CQAn45 confirmed previous results against P. berghei malaria in mice, and CQAn33, 39 and 45 were active against CQ-resistant parasites, but CQAn28 and CQAn34 were not. The result likely reflects structure-activity relationships related to the resistant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolli B de Souza
- />Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Belo Horizonte, 30190-002 MG Brazil
| | - Arturene ML Carmo
- />Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900 MG Brazil
| | - Adilson D da Silva
- />Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900 MG Brazil
| | - Tanos CC França
- />Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular Aplicada à Defesa Química e Biológica, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça General Tibúrcio 80, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-270 RJ Brazil
| | - Antoniana U Krettli
- />Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Belo Horizonte, 30190-002 MG Brazil
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24
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Reemergence of chloroquine (CQ) analogs as multi-targeting antimalarial agents: a review. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 90:280-95. [PMID: 25461328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Amongst several communicable diseases (CDs), malaria is one of the deadliest parasitic disease all over the world, particularly in African and Asian countries. To curb this menace, numbers of antimalarial agents are being sold as over the counter (OTC) drugs. Chloroquine (CQ) is one of them and is one of the oldest, cheapest, and easily available synthetic agents used to curb malaria. Unfortunately, after the reports of CQ-resistance against different strains of malarial parasite strains worldwide, scientist are continuously modifying the core structure of CQ to get an efficient drug. Interestingly, several new drugs have been emerged in due course having unique and enhanced properties (like dual stage inhibitors, resistance reversing ability etc.) and are ready to enter into the clinical trial. In this course, some new agents have also been discovered which are; though inactive against CQS strain, highly active against CQR strains. The present article describes the role of modification of the core structure of CQ and its effects on the biological activities. Moreover, the attempt has also been made to predict the future prospects of such drugs to reemerge as antimalarial agents.
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25
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Teixeira C, Vale N, Pérez B, Gomes A, Gomes JRB, Gomes P. "Recycling" classical drugs for malaria. Chem Rev 2014; 114:11164-220. [PMID: 25329927 DOI: 10.1021/cr500123g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Teixeira
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal.,CICECO, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro , P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bianca Pérez
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Gomes
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - José R B Gomes
- CICECO, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro , P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula Gomes
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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