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Limtragool OA, Pitchuanchom S, Boonyarat C, Kanokmedhakul K, Kanokmedhakul S. Bioactive cholinesterase inhibitions of clerodanes from the flowers of Croton krabas and molecular docking studies. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38501726 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2330513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The first investigation of the phytochemical profile of the flowers of Croton krabas led to the isolation of two new clerodane diterpenes, 6S-crotocaudin (1) and crotocaudin B (2), together with two known clerodanes, 6S-crotoeurin C (3) and isoteucvin (4). The structures and absolute configurations of isolated clerodanes were elucidated by extensive analysis of NMR spectroscopic data, mass spectrometry and ECD calculations. Compounds 1-4 demonstrated significant inhibitory activity towards acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Notably, compound 2 exhibited the strongest AChE inhibition (IC50 1.01 µM). Compounds 3 and 4 showed potent butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 1.09 and 1.12 µM, respectively. The molecular docking results revealed that 2 bound to the catalytic anionic site (CAS) and peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE, while 3 occupied in the CAS of BChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oue-Artorn Limtragool
- Department of Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Research Unit of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Siripit Pitchuanchom
- Department of Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Research Unit of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Chantana Boonyarat
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kwanjai Kanokmedhakul
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Products Research Unit, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Somdej Kanokmedhakul
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Products Research Unit, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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2
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Dawood DH, Srour AM, Omar MA, Farghaly TA, El-Shiekh RA. Synthesis and molecular docking simulation of new benzimidazole-thiazole hybrids as cholinesterase inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300201. [PMID: 37937360 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is a cognitive disturbance that is generally correlated with central nervous system diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease. The limited number of medications available is insufficient to improve the lifestyle of the patients suffering from this disease. Thus, new benzimidazole-thiazole hybrids (3-10) were designed and synthesized as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory agents. The in vitro evaluation displayed that the derivatives 4b, 4d, 5b, 6a, 7a, and 8b demonstrated dual inhibitory efficiency against both AChE with IC50 ranging from 4.55 to 8.62 µM and BChE with IC50 ranging from 3.50 to 8.32 µM. By analyzing the Lineweaver-Burk plot, an uncompetitive form of inhibition was determined for the highly active compound 4d, revealing its inhibition type. The human telomerase reverse transcriptase-immortalized retinal pigment epithelial cell line was used to ensure the safety of the most potent cholinesterase inhibitors. Furthermore, compounds 4b, 4d, 5b, 6a, 7a, and 8b were evaluated for their neuroprotective and antioxidant properties, as well as their ability to suppress COX-2. The results demonstrated that compounds 4d, 5b, and 8b presented significant neuroprotection efficiency against H2 O2 -induced damage in SH-SY5Y cells with % cell viability of 67.42 ± 7.90%, 62.51 ± 6.71%, and 72.61 ± 8.10%, respectively, while the tested candidates did not reveal significant antioxidant activity. Otherwise, compounds 4b, 6a, 7a, and 8b displayed outstanding COX-2 inhibition effects with IC50 ranging from 0.050 to 0.080 μM relative to celecoxib (IC50 = 0.050 µM). In addition, molecular docking was carried out for the potent benzimidazole-thiazole hybrids with the active sites of both AChE (PDB ID: 4EY7) and BChE (PDB code: 1P0P). The tested candidates fit well in the active sites of both portions, with docking scores ranging from -8.65 to -6.64 kcal/mol (for AChE) and -8.71 to -7.73 kcal/mol (for BChE). In silico results show that the synthesized benzimidazole-thiazole hybrids have good physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties with no Lipinski rule violations. The preceding results exhibited that compound 4d could be used as a new template for developing more significant cholinesterase inhibitors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina H Dawood
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aladdin M Srour
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Omar
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Thoraya A Farghaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Riham A El-Shiekh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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3
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Omar MA, El-Shiekh RA, Dawood DH, Temirak A, Srour AM. Hydrazone-sulfonate hybrids as potential cholinesterase inhibitors: design, synthesis and molecular modeling simulation. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:2269-2287. [PMID: 37994559 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Design and synthesis of a series of hydrazone-sulfonate hybrids, 5a-r. Methodology: The inhibitory properties of the synthesized compounds against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase were evaluated using donepezil as the reference standard. Results & conclusion: Compound 5e was identified as the most potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (IC50 = 9.30 μM), and compound 5i was the most potent inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase (IC50 = 11.82 μM). To confirm the safety of the most potent hits at the used doses, toxicological bioassays were conducted. Molecular docking was performed and the tested derivatives were found to fit well in the active sites of both enzymes. This study provides valuable insights into the potential of hydrazone-sulfonate hybrids as drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Omar
- Chemistry of Natural & Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical & Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Riham A El-Shiekh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Dina H Dawood
- Chemistry of Natural & Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical & Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Temirak
- Chemistry of Natural & Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical & Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Aladdin M Srour
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical & Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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Bao LQ, Baecker D, Mai Dung DT, Phuong Nhung N, Thi Thuan N, Nguyen PL, Phuong Dung PT, Huong TTL, Rasulev B, Casanola-Martin GM, Nam NH, Pham-The H. Development of Activity Rules and Chemical Fragment Design for In Silico Discovery of AChE and BACE1 Dual Inhibitors against Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083588. [PMID: 37110831 PMCID: PMC10142303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-target drug development has become an attractive strategy in the discovery of drugs to treat of Alzheimer's disease (AzD). In this study, for the first time, a rule-based machine learning (ML) approach with classification trees (CT) was applied for the rational design of novel dual-target acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and β-site amyloid-protein precursor cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) inhibitors. Updated data from 3524 compounds with AChE and BACE1 measurements were curated from the ChEMBL database. The best global accuracies of training/external validation for AChE and BACE1 were 0.85/0.80 and 0.83/0.81, respectively. The rules were then applied to screen dual inhibitors from the original databases. Based on the best rules obtained from each classification tree, a set of potential AChE and BACE1 inhibitors were identified, and active fragments were extracted using Murcko-type decomposition analysis. More than 250 novel inhibitors were designed in silico based on active fragments and predicted AChE and BACE1 inhibitory activity using consensus QSAR models and docking validations. The rule-based and ML approach applied in this study may be useful for the in silico design and screening of new AChE and BACE1 dual inhibitors against AzD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Quang Bao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Daniel Baecker
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Do Thi Mai Dung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Phuong Nhung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Thuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Linh Nguyen
- College of Computing & Informatics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Phan Thi Phuong Dung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Lan Huong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Bakhtiyor Rasulev
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | | | - Nguyen-Hai Nam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Hai Pham-The
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
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Chen LL, Fan YG, Zhao LX, Zhang Q, Wang ZY. The metal ion hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease and the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of metal chelators. Bioorg Chem 2023; 131:106301. [PMID: 36455485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by the β-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation, is the most common dementia with uncertain etiology. The clinical trials of Aβ monoclonal antibody drugs have almost failed, giving rise to great attention on the other etiologic hypothesis regarding AD such as metal ions dysmetabolism and chronic neuroinflammation. Mounting evidence revealed that the metal ions (iron, copper, and zinc) were dysregulated in the susceptible brain regions of AD patients, which was highly associated with Aβ deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuronal loss, as well as neuroinflammation. Further studies uncovered that iron, copper and zinc could not only enhance the production of Aβ but also directly bind to Aβ and tau to promote their aggregations. In addition, the accumulation of iron and copper could respectively promote ferroptosis and cuproptosis. Therefore, the metal ion chelators were recognized as promising agents for treating AD. This review comprehensively summarized the effects of metal ions on the Aβ dynamics and tau phosphorylation in the progression of AD. Furthermore, taking chronic neuroinflammation contributes to the progression of AD, we also provided a summary of the mechanisms concerning metal ions on neuroinflammation and highlighted the metal ion chelators may be potential agents to alleviate neuroinflammation under the condition of AD. Nevertheless, more investigations regarding metal ions on neuroinflammation should be taken into practice, and the effects of metal ion chelators on neuroinflammation should gain more attention. Running title: Metal chelators against neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yong-Gang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Baréa P, Yamazaki DADS, Lima DDS, Seixas FAV, da Costa WF, Gauze GDF, Sarragiotto MH. Design, synthesis, molecular docking and biological evaluation of β-carboline derivatives as cholinesterase inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Bubley A, Erofeev A, Gorelkin P, Beloglazkina E, Majouga A, Krasnovskaya O. Tacrine-Based Hybrids: Past, Present, and Future. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021717. [PMID: 36675233 PMCID: PMC9863713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder which is characterized by β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation, τ-hyperphosphorylation, and loss of cholinergic neurons. The other important hallmarks of AD are oxidative stress, metal dyshomeostasis, inflammation, and cell cycle dysregulation. Multiple therapeutic targets may be proposed for the development of anti-AD drugs, and the "one drug-multiple targets" strategy is of current interest. Tacrine (THA) was the first clinically approved cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor, which was withdrawn due to high hepatotoxicity. However, its high potency in ChE inhibition, low molecular weight, and simple structure make THA a promising scaffold for developing multi-target agents. In this review, we summarized THA-based hybrids published from 2006 to 2022, thus providing an overview of strategies that have been used in drug design and approaches that have resulted in significant cognitive improvements and reduced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bubley
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexaner Erofeev
- Department of Materials Science of Semiconductors and Dielectrics, National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy Prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Peter Gorelkin
- Department of Materials Science of Semiconductors and Dielectrics, National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy Prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Elena Beloglazkina
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander Majouga
- Department of Materials Science of Semiconductors and Dielectrics, National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy Prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Olga Krasnovskaya
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Department of Materials Science of Semiconductors and Dielectrics, National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy Prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
- Correspondence:
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8
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Baréa P, Barbosa VA, Yamazaki DADS, Gomes CMB, Novello CR, Costa WFD, Gauze GDF, Sarragiotto MH. Anticholinesterase activity of β-carboline-1,3,5-triazine hybrids. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e19958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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9
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Qiu X, Zhu L, Wang H, Tan Y, Yang Z, Yang L, Wan L. From natural products to HDAC inhibitors: An overview of drug discovery and design strategy. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 52:116510. [PMID: 34826681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a key role in the homeostasis of protein acetylation in histones and have recently emerged as a therapeutic target for numerous diseases. The inhibition of HDACs may block angiogenesis, arrest cell growth, and lead to differentiation and apoptosis in tumour cells. Thus, HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have received increasing attention and many of which are developed from natural sources. In the past few decades, naturally occurring HDACi have been identified to have potent anticancer activities, some of which have demonstrated promising therapeutic effects on haematological malignancies. In this review, we summarized the discovery and modification of HDAC inhibitors from natural sources, novel drug design that uses natural products as parent nuclei, and dual target design strategies that combine HDAC with non-HDAC targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lv Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center; West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Linyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center; West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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A review of synthetic bioactive tetrahydro-β-carbolines: A medicinal chemistry perspective. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113815. [PMID: 34479038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
1, 2, 3, 4-Tetrahydro-β-carboline (THβC) scaffold is widespread in many natural products (NPs) and synthetic compounds which show a variety of pharmacological activities. In this article, we reviewed the design, structures and biological characteristics of reported synthetic THβC compounds, and structure and activity relationship (SAR) of them were also discussed. This work might provide a reference for subsequent drug development based on THβC.
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Zhang P, Wang Z, Mou C, Zou J, Xie Y, Liu Z, Benjamin Naman C, Mao Y, Wei J, Huang X, Dong J, Yang M, Wang N, Jin H, Liu F, Lin D, Liu H, Zhou F, He S, Zhang B, Cui W. Design and synthesis of novel tacrine-dipicolylamine dimers that are multiple-target-directed ligands with potential to treat Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105387. [PMID: 34628225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that has multiple causes. Therefore, multiple-target-directed ligands (MTDLs), which act on multiple targets, have been developed as a novel strategy for AD therapy. In this study, novel drug candidates were designed and synthesized by the covalent linkings of tacrine, a previously used anti-AD acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, and dipicolylamine, an β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation inhibitor. Most tacrine-dipicolylamine dimers potently inhibited AChE and Aβ1-42 aggregation in vitro, and 13a exhibited nanomolar level inhibition. Molecular docking analysis suggested that 13a could interact with the catalytic active sites and the peripheral anion site of AChE, and bind to Aβ1-42 pentamers. Moreover, 13a effectively attenuated Aβ1-42 oligomers-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice by activating the cAMP-response element binding protein/brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling pathway, decreasing tau phosphorylation, preventing synaptic toxicity, and inhibiting neuroinflammation. The safety profile of 13a in mice was demonstrated by acute toxicity experiments. All these results suggested that novel tacrine-dipicolylamine dimers, especially 13a, have multi-target neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing potentials, and therefore might be developed as MTDLs to combat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ze Wang
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chenye Mou
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiamei Zou
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yanfei Xie
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - C Benjamin Naman
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Yuechun Mao
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiaxin Wei
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xinghan Huang
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiahui Dong
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Mengxiang Yang
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Haixiao Jin
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Fufeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Dongdong Lin
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Hao Liu
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Fei Zhou
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Shan He
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Wei Cui
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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12
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Carreiras MDC, Marco-Contelles J. Five-Membered-Ring-Fused Tacrines as Anti-Alzheimer’s Disease Agents. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOur endeavors in the design, synthesis, and biological assessment of five-membered-ring-fused tacrines as potential therapeutic agents for Alzheimer’s disease are summarized. Particularly, we have identified racemic 4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-2,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrano[2,3-b]quinolin-5-amine, a pyranopyrazolotacrine, as having the best nontoxic profile at the highest concentrations used (300 μM); this allows cell viability, is less hepatotoxic than tacrine, and is a potent noncompetitive AChE inhibitor (IC50 = 1.52 ± 0.49 μM). It is able to completely inhibit the EeAChE-induced Aβ1–40 aggregation in a statistically significant manner without affecting the Aβ1–40 self-aggregation at 25 μM, and shows strong neuroprotective effects (EC50 = 0.82 ± 0.17 μM).1 Introduction2 Furo-, Thieno-, and Pyrrolotacrines3 Pyrazolo-, Oxazolo-, and Isoxazolotacrines4 Indolotacrines5 Pyrano- and Pyridopyrazolotacrines6 Conclusions and Outlook
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Wan LX, Zhen YQ, He ZX, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Li X, Gao F, Zhou XL. Late-Stage Modification of Medicine: Pd-Catalyzed Direct Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of N-Aryltacrine Derivatives. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:9960-9972. [PMID: 33869976 PMCID: PMC8047743 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A new series of N-aryltacrine derivatives were designed and synthesized as cholinesterase inhibitors by the late-stage modification of tacrine, using the palladium-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reaction. In vitro inhibition assay against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) demonstrated that most of the synthesized compounds had potent AChE inhibitory activity with negative inhibition of BuChE. Among them, N-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-tacrine (3g) and N-(4-methoxypyridin-2-yl)-tacrine (3o) showed the most potent activity against AChE (IC50 values of 1.77 and 1.48 μM, respectively). The anti-AChE activity of 3g and 3o was 3.5 times more than that of tacrine (IC50 value of 5.16 μM). Compound 3o also displayed anti-BuChE activity with an IC50 value of 19.00 μM. Cell-based assays against HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cell lines revealed that 3o had significantly lower hepatotoxicity compared to tacrine, with additional neuroprotective activity against H2O2-induced damage in SH-SY5Y cells. The advantages including synthetic accessibility, high potency, low toxicity, and adjunctive neuroprotective activity make compound 3o a new promising multifunctional candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Beato A, Gori A, Boucherle B, Peuchmaur M, Haudecoeur R. β-Carboline as a Privileged Scaffold for Multitarget Strategies in Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1392-1422. [PMID: 33528252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The natural β-carboline alkaloids display similarities with neurotransmitters that can be favorably exploited to design bioactive and bioavailable drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy. Several AD targets are currently and intensively being investigated, divided in different hypotheses: mainly the cholinergic, the amyloid β (Aβ), and the Tau hypotheses. To date, only symptomatic treatments are available involving acetylcholinesterase and NMDA inhibitors. On the basis of plethoric single-target structure-activity relationship studies, the β-carboline scaffold was identified as a powerful tool for fostering activity and molecular interactions with a wide range of AD-related targets. This knowledge can undoubtedly be used to design multitarget-directed ligands, a highly relevant strategy preferred in the context of multifactorial pathology with intricate etiology such as AD. In this review, we first individually discuss the AD targets of the β-carbolines, and then we focus on the multitarget strategies dedicated to the deliberate design of new efficient scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthonin Gori
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, 38000 Grenoble, France.,CHANEL Parfums Beauté, F-93500 Pantin, France
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15
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Ayipo YO, Mordi MN, Mustapha M, Damodaran T. Neuropharmacological potentials of β-carboline alkaloids for neuropsychiatric disorders. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 893:173837. [PMID: 33359647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) which are characterised by complex pathomechanisms that including homeostatic failure, malfunction, atrophy, pathology remodelling and reactivity anomaly of the neuronal system where treatment options remain challenging. β-Carboline (βC) alkaloids are scaffolds of structurally diverse tricyclic pyrido[3,4-b]indole alkaloid with vast occurrence in nature. Their unique structural features which favour interactions with enzymes and protein receptor targets account for their potent neuropharmacological properties. However, our current understanding of their biological mechanisms for these beneficial effects, especially for neuropsychiatric disorders is sparse. Therefore, we present a comprehensive review of the scientific progress in the last two decades on the prospective pharmacology and physiology of the βC alkaloids in the treatment of some neuropsychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, brain tumour, essential tremor, epilepsy and seizure, licking behaviour, dystonia, agnosia, spasm, positive ingestive response as demonstrated in non-clinical models. The current evidence supports that βC alkaloids offer potential therapeutic agents against most of these disorders and amenable for further drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Oloruntoyin Ayipo
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; Department of Chemical, Geological and Physical Sciences, Kwara State University, P. M. B., 1530, Malete, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Mohd Nizam Mordi
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Muzaimi Mustapha
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Thenmoly Damodaran
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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16
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Du H, Jiang X, Ma M, Xu H, Liu S, Ma F. Novel deoxyvasicinone and tetrahydro-beta-carboline hybrids as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and amyloid beta aggregation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127659. [PMID: 33137375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of deoxyvasicinone-tetrahydro-beta-carboline hybrids were synthesized and evaluated as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) aggregation inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The results revealed that the derivatives had multifunctional profiles, including AChE inhibition, Aβ1-42 aggregation inhibition, and neuroprotective properties. Inspiringly, hybrids 8b and 8d displayed excellent inhibitory activities against hAChE (IC50 = 0.93 and 1.08 nM, respectively) and Aβ1-42 self-aggregation (IC50 = 19.71 and 2.05 μM, respectively). In addition, 8b and 8d showed low cytotoxicity and good neuroprotective activity against Aβ1-42-induced damage in SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Du
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China; College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Meng Ma
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Huili Xu
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Fang Ma
- School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
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17
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Zagórska A, Jaromin A. Perspectives for New and More Efficient Multifunctional Ligands for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Molecules 2020; 25:E3337. [PMID: 32717806 PMCID: PMC7435667 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite tremendous research efforts at every level, globally, there is still a lack of effective drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The biochemical mechanisms of this devastating neurodegenerative disease are not yet clearly understood. This review analyses the relevance of multiple ligands in drug discovery for AD as a versatile toolbox for a polypharmacological approach to AD. Herein, we highlight major targets associated with AD, ranging from acetylcholine esterase (AChE), beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1), glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β), N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, monoamine oxidases (MAOs), metal ions in the brain, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors, the third subtype of histamine receptor (H3 receptor), to phosphodiesterases (PDEs), along with a summary of their respective relationship to the disease network. In addition, a multitarget strategy for AD is presented, based on reported milestones in this area and the recent progress that has been achieved with multitargeted-directed ligands (MTDLs). Finally, the latest publications referencing the enlarged panel of new biological targets for AD related to the microglia are highlighted. However, the question of how to find meaningful combinations of targets for an MTDLs approach remains unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Zagórska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Jaromin
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland;
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Kashyap P, Ram H, Shukla SD, Kumar S. Scopoletin: Antiamyloidogenic, Anticholinesterase, and Neuroprotective Potential of a Natural Compound Present in Argyreia speciosa Roots by In Vitro and In Silico Study. Neurosci Insights 2020; 15:2633105520937693. [PMID: 32671342 PMCID: PMC7338734 DOI: 10.1177/2633105520937693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by depositions of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides aggregates resulting in plaques formation in the central nervous system (CNS). This study evaluates the disease-modifying potential of scopoletin against multiple factors associated with AD such as cholinesterase enzymes, Aβ peptides, and neuroprotective properties against Aβ- and H2O2-induced cytotoxicity under in vitro conditions. Scopoletin was identified and quantified using UPLC-QTOF (ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. The antiamyloidogenic potential was evaluated by thioflavin T and congo red binding assay. Inhibition of key enzymes, that is, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, was investigated by Ellman's assay. UPLC-QTOF analysis showed that most abundant phytoconstituent present in Argyreia speciosa hydroalcoholic root extract was scopoletin followed by festuclavine and ergometrine. Scopoletin was further quantified using novel reverse phase (RP)-HPLC method developed in this study. The neuroprotective potential of scopoletin was found to be 69% against Aβ42-induced neurotoxicity and 73% against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cell culture at 40 μM final concentration. At the same concentration, scopoletin inhibited Aβ42 fibril formation up to 57%. The IC50 concentration for AChE and BuChE enzyme inhibition by scopoletin was 5.34 and 9.11 μM, respectively. The antiaggregation and enzyme inhibition results were complemented with strong molecular interactions of scopoletin with target proteins validated by in silico molecular docking analysis. Based on this study, it can be concluded that scopoletin can be used as a lead for amelioration of symptoms and disease-modifying effects in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Kashyap
- University School of Biotechnology, GGS
Indraprastha University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Heera Ram
- Department of Zoology, Jai Narain Vyas
University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sunil Dutt Shukla
- Department of Zoology, Government Meera
Girls College, Udaipur, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- University School of Biotechnology, GGS
Indraprastha University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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19
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Ajmalicine and Reserpine: Indole Alkaloids as Multi-Target Directed Ligands Towards Factors Implicated in Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071609. [PMID: 32244635 PMCID: PMC7180484 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by exponential loss of memory and cognitive deficit involving several disease modifying targets (amyloid beta, beta-secretase, monoaminoxidase-B, and cholinesterase). The present study explores multi-target directed ligand approach using secondary metabolite reserpine (RES) and ajmalicine (AJM) obtained from Rauwolfia serpentina roots. Novel LCMS and HPLC methods were developed for identification and quantification of reserpine and ajmalicine. In vitro enzyme inhibition assays were performed to evaluate anti-cholinesterase, β-site amyloid cleaving enzyme (BACE-1) inhibition and monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibition, further analyzed with in silico analysis. Anti-amyloidogenic potential was studied using anti-aggregation studies along with TEM and circular dichroism (CD) analysis. In vitro neuroprotective potential against Aβ toxicity and anti-oxidative stress was demonstrated using PC12 cell cultures. Reserpine is a more potent dual cholinesterase inhibitor than ajmalicine (IC50 values of 1.7 μM (AChE) and 2.8 μM (BuChE)). The anti-aggregation activity of reserpine (68%) was more than ajmalicine (56%). Both compounds demonstrated neuroprotective activity against Aβ42 (92%) and H2O2 (93%) induced toxicity in PC12 cells against controls. Phytocompounds also inhibited MAO-B and BACE-1 enzymes in concentration dependent manner. Molecular docking studies indicated the strong binding of compounds to the catalytic site of targets. This novel study demonstrated that reserpine and ajmalicine as a multi-target directed ligand that have disease modifying potential for amelioration of AD.
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20
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Kashyap P, Muthusamy K, Niranjan M, Trikha S, Kumar S. Sarsasapogenin: A steroidal saponin from Asparagus racemosus as multi target directed ligand in Alzheimer's disease. Steroids 2020; 153:108529. [PMID: 31672628 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is multi-factorial disorder characterized by impaired memory and cognition deficit. AD is characterized by impaired cholinergic transmission, extracellular amyloid beta deposits, neurofibrillary tangles and oxidative stress. A multi-target directed ligand (MTDL) approach is required to devise a therapeutic strategy against AD. In the present study, Asparagus racemosus aqueous extract was chosen, as it possess abundant medicinal properties including nootropic effect mentioned in ancient Ayurvedic texts. Moreover, its secondary metabolite sarsasapogenin (SRS) was also selected for this multi-target study for the very first time. The current study demonstrated that sarsasapogenin significantly inhibits key enzymes involved in pathogenesis of AD which are acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), BACE1 and MAO-B in a concentration dependent manner. SRS also exhibited anti-amyloidogenic, anti-oxidant and neuroprotective effects by in vitro studies. The IC50 values of SRS is 9.9 μM and 5.4 μM for AChE and BuChE respectively. SRS also significantly inhibited Aβ42 fibrillization up to 68% at 40 μM concentration as compared to control. TEM visualization showed Aβ aggregates as short and scattered fibril clearly indicating SRS significantly inhibited peptide nucleation and fibril formation. Furthermore, the SRS was found to exert neuroprotective effect on PC12 cells against Aβ42 and H2O2-mediated cytotoxicity. The cell survival was 62% and 69% against Aβ42 and H2O2-mediated cytotoxicity, respectively. SRS also inhibited monoaminoxidase-B (MAO-B) and BACE1 enzymes in concentration dependent manner. Molecular docking studies indicated that SRS binds to the catalytic sites of multiple targets (AChE, BuChE, Aβ42, BACE1, and MAO-B) in a significant manner that might having disease-modifying effects. Thus SRS is acting as suitable lead and can be utilised as MTDL compound for factors implicated in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Kashyap
- University School of Biotechnology, GGS Indraprastha University, Dwarka, Sector 16C, New Delhi 110078, India
| | - Kalaivani Muthusamy
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Sector 23, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Manisha Niranjan
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Sector 23, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Shweta Trikha
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Sector 23, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- University School of Biotechnology, GGS Indraprastha University, Dwarka, Sector 16C, New Delhi 110078, India.
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21
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Lan JS, Zeng RF, Jiang XY, Hou JW, Liu Y, Hu ZH, Li HX, Li Y, Xie SS, Ding Y, Zhang T. Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel ferulic acid derivatives as multi-target-directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Bioorg Chem 2020; 94:103413. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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22
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Zhou S, Yuan Y, Zheng F, Zhan CG. Structure-based virtual screening leading to discovery of highly selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors with solanaceous alkaloid scaffolds. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 308:372-376. [PMID: 31152736 PMCID: PMC6613991 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
According to recent research advance, it is interesting to identify new, potent and selective inhibitors of human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) for therapeutic treatment of both the Alzheimer's disease (AD) and heroin abuse. In this study, we carried out a structure-based virtual screening followed by in vitro activity assays, with the goal to identify new inhibitors that are selective for BChE over acetylcholinesterase (AChE). As a result, a set of new, selective inhibitors of human BChE were identified from natural products with solanaceous alkaloid scaffolds. The most active one of the natural products (compound 1) identified has an IC50 of 16.8 nM against BChE. It has been demonstrated that the desirable selectivity of these inhibitors for BChE over AChE is mainly controlled by three key residues in the active site cavity, i.e. residues Q119, A277, and A328 in BChE versus the respective residues Y124, W286, and Y337 in AChE. Based on this structural insight, future rational design of new, potent and selective BChE inhibitors may focus on these key structural differences in the active site cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhou
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Yaxia Yuan
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Fang Zheng
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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23
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Novel tacrine-tryptophan hybrids: Multi-target directed ligands as potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 168:491-514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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24
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Design, synthesis and evaluation of a novel metal chelator as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:720-727. [PMID: 30954836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of compounds following the lead compounds including deferasirox and tacrine were designed, synthesized and evaluated as multifunctional agents against Alzheimer's disease (AD). In vitro studies showed that most synthesized compounds exhibited good multifunctional activities in inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (bAChE), and chelating metal ions. Especially, compound TDe demonstrated significant metal chelating property, a moderate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity and an antioxidant activity. Results from the molecular modeling indicated that TD compounds were mixed-type inhibitor, binding simultaneously to the catalytic anionic site (CAS) and the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of TcAChE. Moreover, TDe showed a low cytotoxicity but a good protective activity against the injury caused by H2O2. These results suggest that TD compounds might be considered as attractive multi-target cholinesterase inhibitor and will play important roles in the treatment of AD.
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25
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Mishra P, Kumar A, Panda G. Anti-cholinesterase hybrids as multi-target-directed ligands against Alzheimer’s disease (1998–2018). Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:895-930. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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26
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Sharma A, Pachauri V, Flora SJS. Advances in Multi-Functional Ligands and the Need for Metal-Related Pharmacology for the Management of Alzheimer Disease. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1247. [PMID: 30498443 PMCID: PMC6249274 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the age linked neurodegenerative disorder with no disease modifying therapy currently available. The available therapy only offers short term symptomatic relief. Several hypotheses have been suggested for the pathogenesis of the disease while the molecules developed as possible therapeutic agent in the last decade, largely failed in the clinical trials. Several factors like tau protein hyperphosphorylation, amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide aggregation, decline in acetyl cholinesterase and oxidative stress might be contributing toward the pathogenesis of AD. Additionally, biometals dyshomeostasis (Iron, Copper, and Zinc) in the brain are also reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Thus, targeting these metal ions may be an effective strategy for the development of a drug to treat AD. Chelation therapy is currently employed for the metal intoxication but we lack a safe and effective chelating agents with additional biological properties for their possible use as multi target directed ligands for a complex disease like AD. Chelating agents possess the ability to disaggregate Aβ aggregation, dissolve amyloid plaques, and delay the cognitive impairment. Thus there is an urgent need to develop disease modifying therapeutic molecules with multiple beneficial features like targeting more than one factor responsible of the disease. These molecules, as disease modifying therapeutic agents for AD, should possess the potential to inhibit Aβ-metal interactions, the formation of toxic Aβ aggregates; and the capacity to reinstate metal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abha Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
| | - Vidhu Pachauri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
| | - S J S Flora
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
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27
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Girek M, Szymański P. Tacrine hybrids as multi-target-directed ligands in Alzheimer’s disease: influence of chemical structures on biological activities. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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28
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Wang ZX, Xiang JC, Cheng Y, Ma JT, Wu YD, Wu AX. Direct Biomimetic Synthesis of β-Carboline Alkaloids from Two Amino Acids. J Org Chem 2018; 83:12247-12254. [PMID: 30134110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The increasing importance of enzyme mimics in organic synthesis inspired us to design a novel biomimetic synthesis of β-carboline alkaloids directly from tryptophan and a second amino acid. This novel one-pot protocol utilizes abundant and readily available starting materials and thus presents a green and user-friendly alternative to conventional methods that rely on stepwise synthesis. Driven by molecular iodine and TFA, decarboxylation, deamination, Pictet-Spengler reaction, and oxidation reactions proceeded sequentially, transforming biomass amino acids into value-added alkaloid motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079 , P. R. China
| | - Jia-Chen Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079 , P. R. China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079 , P. R. China
| | - Jin-Tian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079 , P. R. China
| | - Yan-Dong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079 , P. R. China
| | - An-Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079 , P. R. China
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29
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Savelieff MG, Nam G, Kang J, Lee HJ, Lee M, Lim MH. Development of Multifunctional Molecules as Potential Therapeutic Candidates for Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in the Last Decade. Chem Rev 2018; 119:1221-1322. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masha G. Savelieff
- SciGency Science Communications, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, United States
| | - Geewoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhye Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Misun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Derabli C, Boualia I, Abdelwahab AB, Boulcina R, Bensouici C, Kirsch G, Debache A. A cascade synthesis, in vitro cholinesterases inhibitory activity and docking studies of novel Tacrine-pyranopyrazole derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2481-2484. [PMID: 29887354 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we describe the preparation of some new Tacrine analogues modified with a pyranopyrazole moiety. A one-pot multicomponent reaction of 3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one, aryl(or hetero)aldehydes, malononitrile and cyclohexanone involving a Friedländer condensation led to the title compounds. The synthesized heterocyclic analogues of this molecule were evaluated in vitro for their AChE and BChE inhibitory activities in search for potent cholinesterase enzyme inhibitors. Most of the synthesized compounds displayed remarkable AChE inhibitory activities with IC50 values ranging from 0.044 to 5.80 µM, wherein compounds 5e and 5j were found to be most active inhibitors against AChE with IC50 values of 0.058 and 0.044 µM respectively. Molecular modeling simulation on AChE and BChE receptors, showed good correlation between IC50 values and binding interaction template of the most active inhibitors docked into the active site of their relevant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamseddine Derabli
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Molecules with Biological Interest, Frères Mentouri-Constantine University, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Imen Boualia
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Molecules with Biological Interest, Frères Mentouri-Constantine University, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Ahmed B Abdelwahab
- SRSMC, Lorraine University, 1 Boulevard Arago, 57070, France; Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centrer, El-Behoos St. 33, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Raouf Boulcina
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Molecules with Biological Interest, Frères Mentouri-Constantine University, 25000 Constantine, Algeria; Faculty of Technology, Batna 2 University, 05000 Batna, Algeria.
| | | | - Gilbert Kirsch
- SRSMC, Lorraine University, 1 Boulevard Arago, 57070, France
| | - Abdelmadjid Debache
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Molecules with Biological Interest, Frères Mentouri-Constantine University, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
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Discovery of novel β-carboline/acylhydrazone hybrids as potent antitumor agents and overcome drug resistance. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 152:516-526. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Posri P, Suthiwong J, Takomthong P, Wongsa C, Chuenban C, Boonyarat C, Yenjai C. A new flavonoid from the leaves of Atalantia monophylla (L.) DC. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:1115-1121. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1457667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyapan Posri
- Natural Products Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jittra Suthiwong
- Natural Products Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Chatchawan Wongsa
- Natural Products Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chindawadee Chuenban
- Natural Products Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chantana Boonyarat
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chavi Yenjai
- Natural Products Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen, Thailand
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33
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Synthesis and activity towards Alzheimer's disease in vitro: Tacrine, phenolic acid and ligustrazine hybrids. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 148:238-254. [PMID: 29466774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel tacrine-phenolic acid dihybrids and tacrine-phenolic acid-ligustrazine trihybrids were synthesized, characterized and screened as novel potential anti-Alzheimer drug candidates. These compounds showed potent inhibition activity towards cholinesterases (ChEs), among of them, 9i was the most potent one towards acetylcholinesterase (eeAChE, IC50 = 3.9 nM; hAChE, IC50 = 65.2 nM). 9i could also effectively block β-amyloid (Aβ) self-aggregation with an inhibition ratio of 47% at 20 μM. In addition, its strong anti-oxidation activity could protect PC12 cells from CoCl2-damage in the experimental condition while no neurotoxicity. Furthermore, its hepatotoxicity was lower than tacrine in vitro and in vivo. Kinetic and molecular modeling studies revealed that 9i worked in a mixed-type way, could interact simultaneously with catalytic active site (CAS) and peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE. Therefore, 9i was a promising multifunctional candidate for the treatment of AD.
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34
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Yang JM, Zhu YH, Chen S, Lu X, Wu YM, Ma FE, Li LP, Yang Y, Shi ZH, Huang KY, Hong X, Jiang P, Peng Y. A β-carboline derivative-based nickel(ii) complex as a potential antitumor agent: synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:100-107. [PMID: 30108903 PMCID: PMC6072409 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00428a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel nickel(ii) complex of 6-methoxy-1-pyridine-β-carboline (4a) was synthesized and characterized. The cytotoxicities of the complex towards six cancer cell lines, including MGC-803, Hep G2, T24, OS-RC-2, NCI-H460, and SK-OV-3, and human normal liver cell line HL-7702 were investigated. The IC50 values for MGC-803, Hep G2, T24, OS-RC-2, NCI-H460 and SK-OV-3 were generally in the micromolar range (3.77-15.10 μM), lower than those of ligand 4 and cisplatin. Furthermore, 4a (6 μM) significantly induced cell cycle arrest at the S phase, and caused the down-regulation of p-AKT, cyclin E, cyclin A and CDK2 and the up-regulation of p27. Various experiments showed that 4a induced apoptosis, activated caspase-3, increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhanced the intracellular [Ca2+]c levels in MGC-803. In addition, the expression of intrinsic apoptotic proteins, including cytochrome c and apaf-1, increased. Further intrinsic apoptosis was triggered via executive molecular caspase-9 and caspase-3. In short, 4a exerted its cytotoxic activity primarily through inducing cell cycle arrest at the S phase and intrinsic apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Mei Yang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Guangxi Normal University , No. 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 773 2120958
| | - Yan-Hong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Guangxi Normal University , No. 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 773 2120958
| | - Sheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Guangxi Normal University , No. 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 773 2120958
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Guangxi Normal University , No. 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 773 2120958
| | - Yi-Ming Wu
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Guangxi Normal University , No. 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 773 2120958
| | - Feng-E Ma
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Guangxi Normal University , No. 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 773 2120958
| | - Liang-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Guangxi Normal University , No. 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 773 2120958
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Guangxi Normal University , No. 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 773 2120958
| | - Zhen-Hao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Guangxi Normal University , No. 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 773 2120958
| | - Kun-Yuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Guangxi Normal University , No. 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 773 2120958
| | - Xue Hong
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Guangxi Normal University , No. 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 773 2120958
| | - Ping Jiang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center , Shanghai Institute of Mental Health , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , 600 Wan Ping Nan Road , Shanghai 200030 , P.R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 21 64387250
| | - Yan Peng
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , School of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Guangxi Normal University , No. 15 Yucai Road , Guilin 541004 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 773 2120958
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35
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Wang J, Wang C, Wu Z, Li X, Xu S, Liu J, Lan Q, Zhu Z, Xu J. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking study of 4-isochromanone hybrids bearing N
-benzyl pyridinium moiety as dual binding site acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (part II). Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 91:756-762. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Chaolei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Zheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Xinnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Shengtao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Qinying Lan
- Life Science and Technique Base; Department of Life Science; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - Zheying Zhu
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation; School of Pharmacy; The University of Nottingham, University Park Campus; Nottingham UK
| | - Jinyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
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36
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Advances toward multifunctional cholinesterase and β-amyloid aggregation inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:1835-1854. [PMID: 28925729 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of a multitarget design approach in the development of new potential anti-Alzheimer's disease agents has resulted in the discovery of many multifunctional compounds focusing on various targets. Among them the largest group comprises inhibitors of both cholinesterases, with additional anti-β-amyloid aggregation activity. This review describes recent advances in this research area and presents the most interesting compounds reported over a 2-year span (2015-2016). The majority of hybrids possess heterodimeric structures obtained by linking structurally active fragments interacting with different targets. Multipotent cholinesterase inhibitors with β-amyloid antiaggregating activity may additionally possess antioxidative, neuroprotective or metal-chelating properties or less common features such as anti-β-secretase or τ-antiaggregation activity.
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37
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Salib MN, Molinski TF. Cyclic Hexapeptide Dimers, Antatollamides A and B, from the Ascidian Didemnum molle. A Tryptophan-Derived Auxiliary for l- and d-Amino Acid Assignments. J Org Chem 2017; 82:10181-10187. [PMID: 28846849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Two dimerized cyclic hexapeptides, antatollamides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the colonial ascidian Didemnum molle collected in Pohnpei. The amino acid compositions and sequences were determined by interpretation of MS and 1D and 2D NMR data. Raney Ni reduction of antatollamide A cleaved the dimer to the corresponding monomeric cyclic hexapeptide with replacement of Cys by Ala. The amino acid configuration of 1 was established, after total hydrolysis, by derivatization with a new chiral reagent, (5-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl)-Nα-l-tryptophanamide (FDTA), prepared from l-Trp, followed by LCMS analysis; all amino acids were found to be l-configured except for d-Ala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam N Salib
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, MC-0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Tadeusz F Molinski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, MC-0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
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38
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Lan JS, Hou JW, Liu Y, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Li L, Zhang T. Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel cinnamic acid derivatives bearing N-benzyl pyridinium moiety as multifunctional cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:776-788. [PMID: 28585866 PMCID: PMC6009898 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1256883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel family of cinnamic acid derivatives has been developed to be multifunctional cholinesterase inhibitors against AD by fusing N-benzyl pyridinium moiety and different substituted cinnamic acids. In vitro studies showed that most compounds were endowed with a noteworthy ability to inhibit cholinesterase, self-induced Aβ (1–42) aggregation, and to chelate metal ions. Especially, compound 5l showed potent cholinesterase inhibitory activity (IC50, 12.1 nM for eeAChE, 8.6 nM for hAChE, 2.6 μM for eqBuChE and 4.4 μM for hBuChE) and the highest selectivity toward AChE over BuChE. It also showed good inhibition of Aβ (1–42) aggregation (64.7% at 20 μM) and good neuroprotection on PC12 cells against amyloid-induced cell toxicity. Finally, compound 5l could penetrate the BBB, as forecasted by the PAMPA-BBB assay and proved in OF1 mice by ex vivo experiments. Overall, compound 5l seems to be a promising lead compound for the treatment of Alzheimer’s diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Shuai Lan
- a Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Wei Hou
- a Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Liu
- a Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Ding
- a Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- a Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- a Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- b School of Pharmacy , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
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Chen L, Wei ML, Zhao JJ, Hong H, Qu W, Feng F, Liu WY. GTS40, an active fraction of Gou Teng-San (GTS), protects PC12 from H 2O 2-induced cell injury through antioxidative properties. Chin J Nat Med 2017; 15:495-504. [PMID: 28807223 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, a predominant cause of apoptosis cascades triggered in neurodegenerative disorders, has been regarded as a critical inducement in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Gou Teng-San (GTS) is a traditional Chinese herbs preparation commonly utilized to alleviate cognitive dysfunction and psychological symptoms of patients with dementia. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of GTS40, an active fraction of GTS, on H2O2-induced oxidative damage and identify the potential active ingredients. Our results revealed that GTS40 exhibited radical scavenging activity, elevated cell viability, decreased the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and stabilized mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MMP) in H2O2-treated PC12 cells. In addition, GTS40 blocked the apoptotic cascade by reversing the imbalance of Bcl-2/Bax and inhibiting the activity of caspase-3. Furthermore, an HPLC-QTOFMS method was developed to characterize major chemical constituents in GTS40. Our results revealed twenty-seven identified or tentatively characterized compounds through comparing their retention time (tR) and MS spectra with reference standards. These results suggested that GTS40 was a promising active fraction that may be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress-mediated neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Meng-Lin Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Zhao
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Wen-Yuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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40
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Wang L, Moraleda I, Iriepa I, Romero A, López-Muñoz F, Chioua M, Inokuchi T, Bartolini M, Marco-Contelles J. 5-Methyl- N-(8-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroacridin-9-ylamino)octyl)-5 H-indolo[2,3- b]quinolin-11-amine: a highly potent human cholinesterase inhibitor. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1307-1317. [PMID: 30108842 PMCID: PMC6071787 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00143f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, cholinesterase inhibition, molecular modelling and ADME properties of novel tacrine-neocryptolepine heterodimers are described. Compound 3 [5-methyl-N-(8-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroacridin-9-ylamino)octyl)-5H-indolo[2,3-b]quinolin-11-amine], showing a moderate inhibition of the Aβ1-42 self-aggregation (26.5% at a 1 : 5 ratio with Aβ1-42), and a calculated log BB value (0.27) indicating excellent potential BBB penetration, is a highly potent human cholinesterase inhibitor [IC50 (hAChE) = 0.95 ± 0.04 nM; IC50 (hBuChE) = 2.29 ± 0.14 nM] which can be listed among the most potent hAChE inhibitors so far identified, and is not hepatotoxic in vitro at the concentrations at which the ChEs are inhibited. A molecular modeling study was also undertaken in order to elucidate the AChE and the BuChE bind modes of all the new compounds. The docking results show that all of them bind to AChE in extended conformations and to BuChE in folded conformations. Moreover, these studies revealed that the length of the linker is crucial to binding both the catalytic anionic site and the peripheral anionic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology , Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , 3.1.1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan . ; Tel: +81 86 294 5045
| | - Ignacio Moraleda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica , Universidad de Alcalá , Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,6, 28871, Alcalá de Henares , Madrid , Spain
| | - Isabel Iriepa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica , Universidad de Alcalá , Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,6, 28871, Alcalá de Henares , Madrid , Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Departamento de Toxicología y Farmacología , Facultad de Veterinaria , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , 28040-Madrid , Spain
| | - Francisco López-Muñoz
- Faculty of Health , Camilo José Cela University , C/Castillo de Alarcón, 49; 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada , Madrid , Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit , "Hospital 12 de Octubre" Research Institute , Av. de Córdoba s/n , 28041 Madrid , Spain
| | - Mourad Chioua
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (IQOG, CSIC) , C/ Juan de la Cierva 3 , 28006-Madrid , Spain . ; Tel: +34 91 5622900
| | - Tsutomu Inokuchi
- Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology , Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , 3.1.1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan . ; Tel: +81 86 294 5045
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology , Alma Mater Studiorum , University of Bologna , Via Belmeloro 6 , 40126 Bologna , Italy . ; Tel: +39 0512099729
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (IQOG, CSIC) , C/ Juan de la Cierva 3 , 28006-Madrid , Spain . ; Tel: +34 91 5622900
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41
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Alpan AS, Sarıkaya G, Çoban G, Parlar S, Armagan G, Alptüzün V. Mannich-Benzimidazole Derivatives as Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Evaluations, and Molecular Docking Study. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2017; 350. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201600351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Selcen Alpan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Ege University; Bornova Izmir Turkey
| | - Görkem Sarıkaya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Ege University; Bornova Izmir Turkey
| | - Güneş Çoban
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Ege University; Bornova Izmir Turkey
| | - Sülünay Parlar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Ege University; Bornova Izmir Turkey
| | - Güliz Armagan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry; Ege University; Bornova Izmir Turkey
| | - Vildan Alptüzün
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Ege University; Bornova Izmir Turkey
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Ismaili L, Refouvelet B, Benchekroun M, Brogi S, Brindisi M, Gemma S, Campiani G, Filipic S, Agbaba D, Esteban G, Unzeta M, Nikolic K, Butini S, Marco-Contelles J. Multitarget compounds bearing tacrine- and donepezil-like structural and functional motifs for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 151:4-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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43
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Li Q, Yang H, Chen Y, Sun H. Recent progress in the identification of selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 132:294-309. [PMID: 28371641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders with notable factor of dysfunction in cholinergic system. Low ACh level can be observed in the pathogenesis of AD. Several AChE inhibitors have already been used for clinical treatments. However, other than normal conditions, ACh is mostly hydrolyzed by BuChE in progressed AD. Account for an increased level of BuChE and decreased level of AChE in the late stage of AD, development of selective BuChE inhibitor is of vital importance. Up till now, compounds with various scaffolds have been discovered to selectively inhibit BuChE. Different effective anti-BuChE molecules are concluded in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Wu WY, Dai YC, Li NG, Dong ZX, Gu T, Shi ZH, Xue X, Tang YP, Duan JA. Novel multitarget-directed tacrine derivatives as potential candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:572-587. [PMID: 28133981 PMCID: PMC6009885 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1210139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, which is complex and progressive; it has not only threatened the health of elderly people, but also burdened the whole social medical and health system. The available therapy for AD is limited and the efficacy remains unsatisfactory. In view of the prevalence and expected increase in the incidence of AD, the design and development of efficacious and safe anti-AD agents has become a hotspot in the field of pharmaceutical research. Due to the multifactorial etiology of AD, the multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) approach is promising in search for new drugs for AD. Tacrine, which is the first acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, has been selected as the ideal active fragment because of its simple structure, clear activity, and its superiority in the structural modification, thus it could be introduced into the overall molecular skeletons of the multi-target-directed anti-AD agents. In this review, we have summarized the recent advances (2012 to the present) in the chemical modification of tacrine, which could provide the reference for the further study of novel multi-target-directed tacrine derivatives to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Wu
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Yu-Chen Dai
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Nian-Guang Li
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Ze-Xi Dong
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Ting Gu
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Zhi-Hao Shi
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,c Department of Organic Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Xin Xue
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
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Teponnou GAK, Joubert J, Malan SF. Tacrine, Trolox and Tryptoline as Lead Compounds for the Design and Synthesis of Multi-target Agents for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. THE OPEN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL 2017; 11:24-37. [PMID: 28567126 PMCID: PMC5418947 DOI: 10.2174/1874104501711010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The versatile biological activities of tacrine, trolox and β-carboline derivatives make them promising lead structures for the development of multifunctional Alzheimer’s disease (AD) agents. Based on the topology of the active site of cholinesterases and other target proteins involved in the pathogenesis of AD, we have designed and synthesized tacrine-trolox and tacrine-tryptoline hybrids with various linker chain lengths. The hybrids containing the trolox moiety (8a-8d) showed moderate to high TcAChE inhibition (IC50: 17.37 - 2200 nM), eqBuChE inhibition (IC50: 3.16 – 128.82 nM) and free radical scavenging activities (IC50: 11.48 – 49.23 µM). The hybrids with longer linker chain lengths in general showed better ChE inhibitory activity. As expected, free radical scavenging activities were not significantly affected by varying linker chain lengths. The hybrid compound containing the tryptoline moiety linked with a 7 carbon spacer to tacrine (14) displayed the best AChE and BuChE inhibitory activity (IC50 = 17.37 and 3.16 nM). Docking experiments exhibited that compounds 8d and 14 were able to bind to both the CAS and PAS of TcAChE and eqBuChE, suggesting that they will be able to inhibit ChE induced Aβ aggregation. Novel multi-target agents that exhibit good ChE inhibition (8d and 14) and anti-oxidant (8d) activity were identified as suitable candidates for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard A K Teponnou
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Jacques Joubert
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Sarel F Malan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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McHardy SF, Wang HYL, McCowen SV, Valdez MC. Recent advances in acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors and Reactivators: an update on the patent literature (2012-2015). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2017; 27:455-476. [PMID: 27967267 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1272571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the major enzyme that hydrolyzes acetylcholine, a key neurotransmitter for synaptic transmission, into acetic acid and choline. Mild inhibition of AChE has been shown to have therapeutic relevance in Alzheimer's disease (AD), myasthenia gravis, and glaucoma among others. In contrast, strong inhibition of AChE can lead to cholinergic poisoning. To combat this, AChE reactivators have to be developed to remove the offending AChE inhibitor, restoring acetylcholine levels to normal. Areas covered: This article covers recent advances in the development of acetylcholinesterase modulators, including both inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase for the efforts in development of new chemical entities for treatment of AD, as well as re-activators for resurrection of organophosphate bound acetylcholinesterase. Expert opinion: Over the past three years, research efforts have continued to identify novel small molecules as AChE inhibitors for both CNS and peripheral diseases. The more recent patent activity has focused on three AChE ligand design areas: derivatives of known AChE ligands, natural product based scaffolds and multifunctional ligands, all of which have produced some unique chemical matter with AChE inhibition activities in the mid picomolar to low micromolar ranges. New AChE inhibitors with polypharmacology or dual inhibitory activity have also emerged as highlighted by new AChE inhibitors with dual activity at L-type calcium channels, GSK-3, BACE1 and H3, although most only show low micromolar activity, thus further research is warranted. New small molecule reactivators of organophosphate-inhibited AChE have also been disclosed, which focused on the design of neutral ligands with improved pharmaceutical properties and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration. Gratifyingly, some research in this area is moving away from the traditional quaternary pyridinium oximes AChE reactivators, while still employing the necessary reactivation group (oximes). However, selectivity over inhibition of native AChE enzyme, effectiveness of reactivation, broad-spectrum reactivation against multiple organophosphates and reactivation of aged-enzyme continue to be hurdles for this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanton F McHardy
- a Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry , University of Texas San Antonio, One UTSA Circle , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Hua-Yu Leo Wang
- a Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry , University of Texas San Antonio, One UTSA Circle , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Shelby V McCowen
- a Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry , University of Texas San Antonio, One UTSA Circle , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Matthew C Valdez
- a Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry , University of Texas San Antonio, One UTSA Circle , San Antonio , TX , USA
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Chen Y, Lin H, Zhu J, Gu K, Li Q, He S, Lu X, Tan R, Pei Y, Wu L, Bian Y, Sun H. Design, synthesis, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of tacrine–cinnamic acid hybrids as multi-target acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors against Alzheimer's disease. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04385f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of tacrine–cinnamic acid hybrids are synthesized as multi-target cholinesterase inhibitors against Alzheimer's disease.
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Santos MA, Chand K, Chaves S. Recent progress in multifunctional metal chelators as potential drugs for Alzheimer's disease. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Recent progress in repositioning Alzheimer's disease drugs based on a multitarget strategy. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:2113-2142. [PMID: 27774814 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a serious progressive neurological disorder, characterized by impaired cognition and profound irreversible memory loss. The multifactorial nature of AD and the absence of a cure so far have stimulated medicinal chemists worldwide to follow multitarget drug-design strategies based on repositioning approved drugs. This review describes a summary of recently published works focused on tailoring new derivatives of US FDA-approved acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, in addition to huperzine (a drug approved in China), either by hybridization with other pharmacophore elements (to hit more AD targets), or by combination of two FDA-approved drugs. Besides the capacity for improving the cholinergic activity, these polyfunctional derivatives are also able to tackle other important neuroprotective properties, such as anti-β-amyloid aggregation, scavenging of radical oxygen species, modulation of redox-active metals or inhibition of monoamine oxidase, thereby resulting in potentially novel and more effective therapeutics for the treatment of AD.
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Li S, Zhang W, Yang Y, Ma T, Guo J, Wang S, Yu W, Kong L. Discovery of oral-available resveratrol-caffeic acid based hybrids inhibiting acetylated and phosphorylated STAT3 protein. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:1006-1018. [PMID: 27783972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Constitutive activation of STAT3 has been found in a wide variety of cancers and demonstrated as a very attractive therapeutic target. Disrupting both acetylation and phosphorylation of STAT3 protein was hypothesized to greatly deactivate STAT3, therefore, treating cancers. To demonstrate the hypothesis, two series of novel resveratrol-caffeic acid hybrids were designed aiming to regulate both acetylation and phosphorylation of STAT3 protein, which is also the first report of the synthetic inhibitors simultaneously regulating two biological reactions of STAT3 to our knowledge. Most of these compounds were demonstrated with preferential antitumor activity with low IC50 values against two cancer cell lines. Particularly, compound 7d was found as an excellent STAT3 inhibitor with over 50-fold better potency than resveratrol and caffeic acid. Meanwhile, the novel derivatives significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of tumor cells. Molecular docking further disclosed the binding modes of STAT3 with the inhibitors. In addition, compound 7d orally and significantly suppressed breast cancer 4T1 xenograft tumor growth in vivo, indicating its great potential as an efficacious drug candidate for human cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Lane, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenda Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Lane, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Lane, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Lane, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianpeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Lane, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Lane, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Lane, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingyi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Lane, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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