1
|
Abdel-Motaal M, Aldakhili DA, Abo Elmaaty A, Sharaky M, Mourad MAE, Alzahrani AYA, Mohamed NA, Al-Karmalawy AA. Design and synthesis of novel tetrabromophthalimide derivatives as potential tubulin inhibitors endowed with apoptotic induction for cancer treatment. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22197. [PMID: 38751223 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Although various approaches exist for treating cancer, chemotherapy continues to hold a prominent role in the management of this disease. Besides, microtubules serve as a vital component of the cellular skeleton, playing a pivotal role in the process of cell division making it an attractive target for cancer treatment. Hence, the scope of this work was adapted to design and synthesize new anti-tubulin tetrabromophthalimide hybrids (3-17) with colchicine binding site (CBS) inhibitory potential. The conducted in vitro studies showed that compound 16 displayed the lowest IC50 values (11.46 µM) at the FaDu cancer cell lines, whereas compound 17 exhibited the lowest IC50 value (13.62 µM) at the PC3 cancer cell line. However, compound 7b exhibited the lowest IC50 value (11.45 µM) at the MDA-MB-468 cancer cell line. Moreover, compound 17 was observed to be the superior antitumor candidate against all three tested cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-468, PC3, and FaDu) with IC50 values of 17.22, 13.15, and 13.62 µM, respectively. In addition, compound 17 showed a well-established upregulation of apoptotic markers (Caspases 3, 7, 8, and 9, Bax, and P53). Moreover, compound 17 induced downregulation of the antiapoptotic markers (MMP2, MMP9, and BCL-2). Furthermore, the colchicine binding site inhibition assay showed that compounds 15a and 17 exhibited particularly significant inhibitory potentials, with IC50 values of 23.07 and 4.25 µM, respectively, compared to colchicine, which had an IC50 value of 3.89 µM. Additionally, cell cycle analysis was conducted, showing that compound 17 could prompt cell cycle arrest at both the G0-G1 and G2-M phases. On the other hand, a molecular docking approach was applied to investigate the binding interactions of the examined candidates compared to colchicine towards CBS of the β-tubulin subunit. Thus, the synthesized tetrabromophthalimide hybrids can be regarded as outstanding anticancer candidates with significant apoptotic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Abdel-Motaal
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Dalal A Aldakhili
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Abo Elmaaty
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Marwa Sharaky
- Cancer Biology Department, Pharmacology Unit, Cairo, Egypt
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October, Egypt
| | - Mai A E Mourad
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Y A Alzahrani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Khalid University, Mohail Assir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia A Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
González JEH, Salas-Sarduy E, Alvarez LH, Valiente PA, Arni RK, Pascutti PG. Three Decades of Targeting Falcipains to Develop Antiplasmodial Agents: What have we Learned and What can be Done Next? Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2234-2263. [PMID: 37711130 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230913165219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a devastating infectious disease that affects large swathes of human populations across the planet's tropical regions. It is caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium, with Plasmodium falciparum being responsible for the most lethal form of the disease. During the intraerythrocytic stage in the human hosts, malaria parasites multiply and degrade hemoglobin (Hb) using a battery of proteases, which include two cysteine proteases, falcipains 2 and 3 (FP-2 and FP-3). Due to their role as major hemoglobinases, FP-2 and FP-3 have been targeted in studies aiming to discover new antimalarials and numerous inhibitors with activity against these enzymes, and parasites in culture have been identified. Nonetheless, cross-inhibition of human cysteine cathepsins remains a serious hurdle to overcome for these compounds to be used clinically. In this article, we have reviewed key functional and structural properties of FP-2/3 and described different compound series reported as inhibitors of these proteases during decades of active research in the field. Special attention is also paid to the wide range of computer-aided drug design (CADD) techniques successfully applied to discover new active compounds. Finally, we provide guidelines that, in our understanding, will help advance the rational discovery of new FP-2/3 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Enrique Hernández González
- Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation, IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UZA II, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Emir Salas-Sarduy
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo Ugalde, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, CONICET, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnología (EByN), Universidad de San Martín (UNSAM), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Pedro Alberto Valiente
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Pedro Geraldo Pascutti
- Laboratório de Modelagem e Dinâmica Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fernandes GFS, Lopes JR, Dos Santos JL, Scarim CB. Phthalimide as a versatile pharmacophore scaffold: Unlocking its diverse biological activities. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:1346-1375. [PMID: 37492986 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Phthalimide, a pharmacophore exhibiting diverse biological activities, holds a prominent position in medicinal chemistry. In recent decades, numerous derivatives of phthalimide have been synthesized and extensively studied for their therapeutic potential across a wide range of health conditions. This comprehensive review highlights the latest developments in medicinal chemistry, specifically focusing on phthalimide-based compounds that have emerged within the last decade. These compounds showcase promising biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer, antiepileptic, antischizophrenia, antiplatelet, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antimycobacterial, antiparasitic, anthelmintic, antiviral, and antidiabetic properties. The physicochemical profiles of the phthalimide derivatives were carefully analyzed using the online platform pkCSM, revealing the remarkable versatility of this scaffold. Therefore, this review emphasizes the potential of phthalimide as a valuable scaffold for the development of novel therapeutic agents, providing avenues for the exploration and design of new compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana R Lopes
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean L Dos Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cauê B Scarim
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Matore BW, Banjare P, Sarthi AS, Roy PP, Singh J. Phthalimides Represent a Promising Scaffold for Multi‐Targeted Anticancer Agents. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Wamanrao Matore
- Department of Pharmacy Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) Bilaspur Chhattisgarh 495009 India
| | - Purusottam Banjare
- Department of Pharmacy Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) Bilaspur Chhattisgarh 495009 India
| | - Ajay Singh Sarthi
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Raipur Chhattisgarh 492009 India
| | - Partha Pratim Roy
- Department of Pharmacy Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) Bilaspur Chhattisgarh 495009 India
| | - Jagadish Singh
- Department of Pharmacy Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) Bilaspur Chhattisgarh 495009 India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Matore BW, Roy PP, Singh J. Discovery of novel VEGFR2-TK inhibitors by phthalimide pharmacophore based virtual screening, molecular docking, MD simulation and DFT. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:13056-13077. [PMID: 36775656 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2178510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Currently, numerous potent chemotherapeutic agents are available in the market but most of them show poor pharmacokinetics, lethal effects and drug resistance during their enduring use. The increased cancer cases, deaths and need of better treatment stimulates us to give newer lifesaving anticancer drugs. The phthalimide derivatives are structurally diverse and exert potential anticancer activity. In this regard, the 3D QSAR Pharmacophore model was developed and validated using fifty-eight phthalimide derivatives. The validation parameters corroborated the reliability and statistical robustness of CEASER Hypo 1. Three databases-NCI Open, Drug Bank, and Asinex were submitted to ADMET and drug-like filtering; 117893 drug-like compounds were mapped on CEASER Hypo 1; and 362 hits with IC50 <1 µM were discovered. These hits were docked on VEGFR2-TK, and in the form of results fifteen hits exhibited greater affinity than sorafenib. The top lead ASN 03206926 was subjected for MD simulation (100 ns) and RMSD, Rg, RMSF, number of hydrogen bonds, and SASA verified that the complex was stable, rigid and highly compact. Results demonstrated GLU885, PHE918, CYS919, LYS920, HIS1026, CYS1045, ASP1046 are the essential residues for favourable interactions. The binding free energy calculations support the affinity and stability revealed by docking and MD simulation. The DFT calculations, negative binding energy and lower HOMO-LUMO band gap revealed that the process is spontaneous and ASN 03206926 is very reactive. Following extensive analysis we suggest that the ASN 03206926 might be employed as a new VEGFR2-TK inhibitor for the treatment of breast and VEGFR2-TK associated cancers.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Wamanrao Matore
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Partha Pratim Roy
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Jagadish Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gupta Y, Sharma N, Singh S, Romero JG, Rajendran V, Mogire RM, Kashif M, Beach J, Jeske W, Poonam, Ogutu BR, Kanzok SM, Akala HM, Legac J, Rosenthal PJ, Rademacher DJ, Durvasula R, Singh AP, Rathi B, Kempaiah P. The Multistage Antimalarial Compound Calxinin Perturbates P. falciparum Ca 2+ Homeostasis by Targeting a Unique Ion Channel. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1371. [PMID: 35890267 PMCID: PMC9319510 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria elimination urgently needs novel antimalarial therapies that transcend resistance, toxicity, and high costs. Our multicentric international collaborative team focuses on developing multistage antimalarials that exhibit novel mechanisms of action. Here, we describe the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a novel multistage antimalarial compound, 'Calxinin'. A compound that consists of hydroxyethylamine (HEA) and trifluoromethyl-benzyl-piperazine. Calxinin exhibits potent inhibitory activity in the nanomolar range against the asexual blood stages of drug-sensitive (3D7), multidrug-resistant (Dd2), artemisinin-resistant (IPC4912), and fresh Kenyan field isolated Plasmodium falciparum strains. Calxinin treatment resulted in diminished maturation of parasite sexual precursor cells (gametocytes) accompanied by distorted parasite morphology. Further, in vitro liver-stage testing with a mouse model showed reduced parasite load at an IC50 of 79 nM. A single dose (10 mg/kg) of Calxinin resulted in a 30% reduction in parasitemia in mice infected with a chloroquine-resistant strain of the rodent parasite P. berghei. The ex vivo ookinete inhibitory concentration within mosquito gut IC50 was 150 nM. Cellular in vitro toxicity assays in the primary and immortalized human cell lines did not show cytotoxicity. A computational protein target identification pipeline identified a putative P. falciparum membrane protein (Pf3D7_1313500) involved in parasite calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis as a potential Calxinin target. This highly conserved protein is related to the family of transient receptor potential cation channels (TRP-ML). Target validation experiments showed that exposure of parasitized RBCs (pRBCs) to Calxinin induces a rapid release of intracellular Ca2+ from pRBCs; leaving de-calcinated parasites trapped in RBCs. Overall, we demonstrated that Calxinin is a promising antimalarial lead compound with a novel mechanism of action and with potential therapeutic, prophylactic, and transmission-blocking properties against parasites resistant to current antimalarials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yash Gupta
- Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (Y.G.); (R.D.)
| | - Neha Sharma
- Laboratory for Translational Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India; (N.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Snigdha Singh
- Laboratory for Translational Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India; (N.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Jesus G. Romero
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA; (J.G.R.); (J.B.); (W.J.); (D.J.R.)
- School of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas 1040, Venezuela
| | - Vinoth Rajendran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India;
| | - Reagan M. Mogire
- Centre Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi P.O. Box 54840-00200, Kenya; (R.M.M.); (B.R.O.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Mohammad Kashif
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India; (M.K.); (A.P.S.)
| | - Jordan Beach
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA; (J.G.R.); (J.B.); (W.J.); (D.J.R.)
| | - Walter Jeske
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA; (J.G.R.); (J.B.); (W.J.); (D.J.R.)
| | - Poonam
- Department of Chemistry, Miranda House, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India;
- Delhi School of Public Health, Institute of Eminence, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Bernhards R. Ogutu
- Centre Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi P.O. Box 54840-00200, Kenya; (R.M.M.); (B.R.O.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Stefan M. Kanzok
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA;
| | - Hoseah M. Akala
- Centre Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi P.O. Box 54840-00200, Kenya; (R.M.M.); (B.R.O.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Jennifer Legac
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (J.L.); (P.J.R.)
| | - Philip J. Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (J.L.); (P.J.R.)
| | - David J. Rademacher
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA; (J.G.R.); (J.B.); (W.J.); (D.J.R.)
- Core Imaging Facility and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Ravi Durvasula
- Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (Y.G.); (R.D.)
| | - Agam P. Singh
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India; (M.K.); (A.P.S.)
| | - Brijesh Rathi
- Laboratory for Translational Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India; (N.S.); (S.S.)
- Delhi School of Public Health, Institute of Eminence, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Prakasha Kempaiah
- Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (Y.G.); (R.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Singh V, Hada RS, Jain R, Vashistha M, Kumari G, Singh S, Sharma N, Bansal M, Poonam, Zoltner M, Caffrey CR, Rathi B, Singh S. Designing and development of phthalimides as potent anti-tubulin hybrid molecules against malaria. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 239:114534. [PMID: 35749989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Constant emergence of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum warrants urgent need for effective and inexpensive drugs. Herein, phthalimide (Pht) analogs possessing the bioactive scaffolds, benzimidazole and 1,2,3-triazole, were evaluated for in vitro and in vivo anti-plasmodial activity without any apparent hemolysis, or cytotoxicity. Analogs 4(a-e) inhibited the growth of 3D7 and RKL-9 strains at submicromolar concentrations. Defects were observed during parasite egress from or invasion of the red blood cells. Mitochondrial membrane depolarization was measured as one of the causes of cell death. Phts 4(a-e) in combination with artemisinin exhibited two-to three-fold increased efficacy. Biophysical and biochemical analysis suggest that Pht analogs mediate plasmodial growth inhibition by interacting with tubulin protein of the parasite. Lastly, Phts 4(a-e) significantly decreased parasitemia and extended host survival in murine model Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Combined, the data indicate that Pht analogs should be further explored, which could offer novel value to the antimalarial drug development pipeline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vigyasa Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rahul Singh Hada
- Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, UP, 201314, India
| | - Ravi Jain
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Manu Vashistha
- Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Geeta Kumari
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Snigdha Singh
- Laboratory for Translational Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- Laboratory for Translational Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Meenakshi Bansal
- Laboratory for Translational Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Poonam
- Department of Chemistry, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India; Delhi School of Public Health, Institute of Eminence, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Martin Zoltner
- Drug Discovery and Evaluation Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Conor R Caffrey
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Brijesh Rathi
- Laboratory for Translational Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India; Delhi School of Public Health, Institute of Eminence, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Shailja Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bansal M, Upadhyay C, Poonam, Kumar S, Rathi B. Phthalimide analogs for antimalarial drug discovery. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1854-1867. [PMID: 34825184 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00244a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains one of the world's most life-threatening diseases and, thus, it is a major public health concern all around the world. The disease can become devastating if not treated with proper medication in a timely manner. Currently, the number of viable treatment therapies is in continuous decline due to compromised effectiveness, probably owing to the complex life cycle of Plasmodium falciparum. The factors responsible for the unclear status of malaria eradication programmes include ever-developing parasite resistance to the most effective treatments used on the frontline (i.e., artemisinin derivatives) and the paucity of new effective therapeutics. Due to these circumstances, the development of novel effective drug candidates with unique modes of action is essential for overcoming the listed obstacles. As such, the discovery of novel chemical compounds based on validated pharmacophores remains an unmet need in the field of medicinal chemistry. In this area, functionalized phthalimide (Pht) analogs have been explored as potential candidates against various diseases, including malaria. Pht presents a promising bioactive scaffold that can be easily functionalized and thus utilized as a starting point for the development of new antimalarial candidates suitable for preclinical and clinical studies. In this short review, we highlight a wide range of Pht analogs that have been investigated for their activity against various strains of Plasmodium falciparum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Bansal
- Laboratory for Translational Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College University Enclave, University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India .,Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology Murthal Sonepat-131039 Haryana India
| | - Charu Upadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Miranda House, University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Poonam
- Department of Chemistry, Miranda House, University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology Murthal Sonepat-131039 Haryana India
| | - Brijesh Rathi
- Laboratory for Translational Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College University Enclave, University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gupta Y, Kumar S, Zak SE, Jones KA, Upadhyay C, Sharma N, Azizi SA, Kathayat RS, Poonam, Herbert AS, Durvasula R, Dickinson BC, Dye JM, Rathi B, Kempaiah P. Antiviral evaluation of hydroxyethylamine analogs: Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (3CLpro), a virtual screening and simulation approach. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 47:116393. [PMID: 34509862 PMCID: PMC8416325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The continued toll of COVID-19 has halted the smooth functioning of civilization on a global scale. With a limited understanding of all the essential components of viral machinery and the lack of structural information of this new virus, initial drug discovery efforts had limited success. The availability of high-resolution crystal structures of functionally essential SARS-CoV-2 proteins, including 3CLpro, supports the development of target-specific therapeutics. 3CLpro, the main protease responsible for the processing of viral polypeptide, plays a vital role in SARS-CoV-2 viral replication and translation and is an important target in other coronaviruses. Additionally, 3CLpro is the target of repurposed drugs, such as lopinavir and ritonavir. In this study, target proteins were retrieved from the protein data bank (PDB IDs: 6 M03, 6LU7, 2GZ7, 6 W63, 6SQS, 6YB7, and 6YVF) representing different open states of the main protease to accommodate macromolecular substrate. A hydroxyethylamine (HEA) library was constructed from harvested chemical structures from all the series being used in our laboratories for screening against malaria and Leishmania parasites. The database consisted of ∼1000 structure entries, of which 70% were new to ChemSpider at the time of screening. This in-house library was subjected to high throughput virtual screening (HTVS), followed by standard precision (SP) and then extra precision (XP) docking (Schrodinger LLC 2021). The ligand strain and complex energy of top hits were calculated by Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA) method. Promising hit compounds (n = 40) specifically binding to 3CLpro with high energy and average MM/GBSA scores were then subjected to (100-ns) MD simulations. Using this sequential selection followed by an in-silico validation approach, we found a promising HEA-based compound (N,N'-((3S,3'S)-piperazine-1,4-diylbis(3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutane-4,2-diyl))bis(2-(5-methyl-1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-3-phenylpropanamide)), which showed high in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Further to reduce the size of the otherwise larger ligand, a pharmacophore-based predicted library of ∼42 derivatives was constructed, which were added to the previous compound library and rescreened virtually. Out of several hits from the predicted library, two compounds were synthesized, tested against SARS-CoV-2 culture, and found to have markedly improved antiviral activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yash Gupta
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Samantha E Zak
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA; The Geneva Foundation, 917 Pacific Avenue, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Krysten A Jones
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5801 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Charu Upadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- Laboratory for Translational Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, India
| | - Saara-Anne Azizi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5801 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rahul S Kathayat
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5801 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Poonam
- Department of Chemistry, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Ravi Durvasula
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Bryan C Dickinson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5801 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John M Dye
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA; The Geneva Foundation, 917 Pacific Avenue, Tacoma, WA, USA.
| | - Brijesh Rathi
- Laboratory for Translational Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, India.
| | - Prakasha Kempaiah
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ettari R, Previti S, Di Chio C, Zappalà M. Falcipain-2 and Falcipain-3 Inhibitors as Promising Antimalarial Agents. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3010-3031. [PMID: 32744954 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200730215316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Malaria remains a serious problem in global public health, particularly widespread in South America and in tropical regions of Africa and Asia. Chemotherapy is actually the only way to treat this poverty-related disease, since an effective vaccine is not currently available. However, the onset of resistance to the most common antimalarial drugs sometimes makes the current therapeutic regimen problematic. Therefore, the identification of new targets for a new drug discovery process is an urgent priority. In this context, falcipain-2 and falcipain- 3 of P. falciparum represent the key enzymes in the life-cycle of the parasite. Both falcipain- 2 and falcipain-3 are involved in hemoglobin hydrolysis, an essential pathway to provide free amino acids for the parasite metabolic needs. In addition, falcipain-2 is involved in cleaving ankirin and band 4.1 protein, which are cytoskeletal elements essential for the stability of the red cell membrane. This review article is focused on the most recent and effective inhibitors of falcipain-2 and falcipain-3, with particular attention to peptide, peptidomimetic or nonpeptide inhibitors, which targeted one or both the malarial cysteine proteases, endowed with a consistent activity against P. falciparum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ettari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Santo Previti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Carla Di Chio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Zappalà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Synthesis and In Vitro Antimicrobial Evaluation of Photoactive Multi-Block Chalcone Conjugate Phthalimide and 1,8-Naphthalimide Novolacs. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111859. [PMID: 34205041 PMCID: PMC8199857 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report new multiblock chalcone conjugate phthalimide and naphthalimide functionalized copolymers with a topologically novel architecture synthesis using nucleophilic substitution and polycondensation methodology. The structures of the synthesized novolacs were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic analysis including FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Further, the number-average and weight-average molecular weights of the novolac polymers were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). We examined the solubility of the synthesized polymers in various organic solvents including CHCl3, CH3CN, THF, H2O, CH3OH, DMSO, and DMF and found they are insoluble in both methanol and water. The novolac polymers were evaluated for their photophysical properties and microbial activities. The investigation of the antimicrobial activities of these polymers reveals significant antimicrobial activity against the pathogens E. coli, S. aureus, C. albicans, and A. niger.
Collapse
|
12
|
Sharma PP, Kumar S, Kaushik K, Singh A, Singh IK, Grishina M, Pandey KC, Singh P, Potemkin V, Poonam, Singh G, Rathi B. In silico validation of novel inhibitors of malarial aspartyl protease, plasmepsin V and antimalarial efficacy prediction. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:8352-8364. [PMID: 33870856 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1911855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Plasmepsin V (Plm V) is an essential aspartic protease required for survival of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum (Pf). Plm V is required for cleaving the PEXEL motifs of many Pf proteins and its inhibition leads to a knockout effect, indicating its suitability as potential drug target. To decipher new inhibitors of PfPlm V, molecular docking of four HIV-1 protease inhibitors active against PfPlmV was performed on Glide module of Schrödinger suite that supported saquinavir as a lead drug, and therefore, selected as a control. Saquinavir contains an important hydroxyethylamine (HEA) pharmacophore, which was utilized as backbone coupled with piperazine scaffold to build new library of compounds. Newly designed HEA compounds were screened virtually against Plm V. Molecular docking led to a few hits (1 and 3) with higher docking score over the control drug. Notably, compound 1 showed the highest docking score (-11.90 kcal/mol) and XP Gscore (-11.948 kcal/mol). The Prime MMGBSA binding free energy for compound 1 (-60.88 kcal/mol) and 3 (-50.96 kcal/mol) was higher than saquinavir (-37.51 kcal/mol). The binding free energy for the last frame of molecular dynamic simulation supported compound 1 (-92.88 kcal/mol) as potent inhibitor of PfPlm V over saquinavir (-72.77 kcal/mol), and thus, deserves experimental validations in culture and subsequently in animal models.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prem Prakash Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram, University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Sonepat, Haryana, India.,Laboratory for Translational Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kumar Kaushik
- Centre for Fire, Explosives & Environment Safety, Fire Chemistry Group, Delhi, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Indrakant K Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab., Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Maria Grishina
- Laboratory of Computational Modelling of Drugs, South Ural State University, Russia
| | - Kailash C Pandey
- Host-Parasite Interaction Biology Group, National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Vladimir Potemkin
- Laboratory of Computational Modelling of Drugs, South Ural State University, Russia
| | - Poonam
- Department of Chemistry, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Geeta Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram, University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Brijesh Rathi
- Laboratory for Translational Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,Laboratory of Computational Modelling of Drugs, South Ural State University, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
A trio of quinoline-isoniazid-phthalimide with promising antiplasmodial potential: Synthesis, in-vitro evaluation and heme-polymerization inhibition studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 39:116159. [PMID: 33895706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quinoline-isoniazid-phthalimide triads have been synthesised to assess their antiplasmodial efficacy and cytotoxicity against chloroquine-resistant W2 strain of P. falciparum and Vero cells, respectively. Most of the synthesized compounds displayed IC50 in lower nM range and appeared to be approximately five to twelve fold more active than chloroquine. Heme-binding studies were also carried out to delineate the mode of action. The promising compounds with IC50s in range of 11-30 nM and selectivity index >2800, may act as promising template for the design of new antiplasmodials.
Collapse
|
14
|
Teixeira de Moraes Gomes PA, Veríssimo de Oliveira Cardoso M, Dos Santos IR, Amaro de Sousa F, da Conceição JM, Gouveia de Melo Silva V, Duarte D, Pereira R, Oliveira R, Nogueira F, Alves LC, Brayner FA, da Silva Santos AC, Rêgo Alves Pereira V, Lima Leite AC. Dual Parasiticidal Activities of Phthalimides: Synthesis and Biological Profile against Trypanosoma cruzi and Plasmodium falciparum. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:2164-2175. [PMID: 32813331 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease and malaria are two neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that prevail in tropical and subtropical regions in 149 countries. Chagas is also present in Europe, the US and Australia due to immigration of asymptomatic infected individuals. In the absence of an effective vaccine, the control of both diseases relies on chemotherapy. However, the emergence of parasite drug resistance is rendering currently available drugs obsolete. Hence, it is crucial to develop new molecules. Phthalimides, thiosemicarbazones, and 1,3-thiazoles have been used as scaffolds to obtain antiplasmodial and anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents. Herein we present the synthesis of 24 phthalimido-thiosemicarbazones (3 a-x) and 14 phthalimido-thiazoles (4 a-n) and the corresponding biological activity against T. cruzi, Plasmodium falciparum, and cytotoxicity against mammalian cell lines. Some of these compounds showed potent inhibition of T. cruzi at low cytotoxic concentrations in RAW 264.7 cells. The most active compounds, 3 t (IC50 =3.60 μM), 3 h (IC50 =3.75 μM), and 4 j (IC50 =4.48 μM), were more active than the control drug benznidazole (IC50 =14.6 μM). Overall, the phthalimido-thiosemicarbazone derivatives were more potent than phthalimido-thiazole derivatives against T. cruzi. Flow cytometry assay data showed that compound 4 j was able to induce necrosis and apoptosis in trypomastigotes. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy showed that T. cruzi trypomastigote cells treated with compounds 3 h, 3 t, and 4 j at IC50 concentrations promoted changes in the shape, flagella, and surface of the parasite body similar to those observed in benznidazole-treated cells. The compounds with the highest antimalarial activity were the phthalimido-thiazoles 4 l (IC50 =1.2 μM), 4 m (IC50 =1.7 μM), and 4 n (IC50 =2.4 μM). Together, these data revealed that phthalimido derivatives possess a dual antiparasitic profile with potential effects against T. cruzi and lead-like characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Veríssimo de Oliveira Cardoso
- Laboratório de Prospecção de Moléculas Bioativas Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental para o Semiárido, Universidade de Pernambuco, 56328-903, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Ignes Regina Dos Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-535, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Amaro de Sousa
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-535, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Juliana Maria da Conceição
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-535, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Gouveia de Melo Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-535, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Denise Duarte
- Unidade de Ensino e Investigação de Parasitologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira no 100, 1349-008, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Raquel Pereira
- Unidade de Ensino e Investigação de Parasitologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira no 100, 1349-008, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rafael Oliveira
- Unidade de Ensino e Investigação de Parasitologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira no 100, 1349-008, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fátima Nogueira
- Unidade de Ensino e Investigação de Parasitologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira no 100, 1349-008, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luiz Carlos Alves
- Laboratório de imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Campus UFPE, 50670-901, Recife PE, Brazil.,Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Fabio André Brayner
- Laboratório de imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Campus UFPE, 50670-901, Recife PE, Brazil.,Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-535, Recife, PE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tripathi G, Singh AK, Kumar A. Arylpyrazoles: Heterocyclic Scaffold of Immense Therapeutic Application. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570179417999200628035645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Among the major class of heterocycles, the N-heterocycles, such as pyrazoles,
are scaffolds of vast medicinal values. Various drugs and other biologically active molecules
are known to contain these N-heterocycles as core motifs. Specifically, arylpyrazoles
have exhibited a diverse range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancerous,
antimicrobial and various others. For instance, arylpyrazoles are present as
core moieties in various insecticides, fungicides and drugs such as Celebrex and Trocoxil.
The present review will be highlighting the significant therapeutic importance of pyrazole
derivatives developed in the last few years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garima Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, T. N. B. College, Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Bihar, India
| | - Abhijeet Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Bihar, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kumar S, Upadhyay C, Bansal M, Grishina M, Chhikara BS, Potemkin V, Rathi B, Poonam. Experimental and Computational Studies of Microwave-Assisted, Facile Ring Opening of Epoxide with Less Reactive Aromatic Amines in Nitromethane. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:18746-18757. [PMID: 32775876 PMCID: PMC7408245 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nucleophilic ring opening reactions of epoxides with aromatic amines are in the forefront of the synthetic organic chemistry research to build new bioactive scaffolds. Here, convenient, green, and highly efficient regioselective ring opening reactions of sterically hindered (2R,3S)-3-(N-Boc-amino)-1-oxirane-4-phenylbutane with various poorly reactive aromatic amines are accomplished under microwave irradiation in nitromethane. All the reactions effectively implemented for various aromatic amines involve the reuse of nitromethane that supports its dual role as a solvent and catalyst. The corresponding new β-alcohol analogs of hydroxyethylamine (HEA) are isolated in 41-98% yields. The reactions proceed under mild conditions for a broad range of less reactive and sterically hindered aromatic amines. Proton NMR experiments suggest that the nucleophilicity of amines is influenced by nitromethane, which is substantiated by the extensive computational studies. Overall, this methodology elucidates the first-time use of nitromethane as a solvent for the ring opening reactions under microwave conditions involving an equimolar ratio of epoxide and aromatic amine without any catalyst, facile ring opening of complex epoxide by less reactive aromatic amines, low reaction time, less energy consumption, recycling of the solvent, and simple workup procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, Miranda House, University
of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Charu Upadhyay
- Department
of Chemistry, Miranda House, University
of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Meenakshi Bansal
- Laboratory
for Translational Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College University Enclave, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Maria Grishina
- Laboratory
of Computational Modelling of Drugs, South
Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Bhupender S. Chhikara
- Department
of Chemistry, Aditi Mahavidyalaya, University
of Delhi, Bawana, Delhi 110039, India
| | - Vladimir Potemkin
- Laboratory
of Computational Modelling of Drugs, South
Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Brijesh Rathi
- Laboratory
for Translational Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College University Enclave, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
- Laboratory
of Computational Modelling of Drugs, South
Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Poonam
- Department
of Chemistry, Miranda House, University
of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
- Laboratory
of Computational Modelling of Drugs, South
Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Almeida ML, Oliveira MC, Pitta IR, Pitta MG. Advances in Synthesis and Medicinal Applications of Compounds Derived from Phthalimide. Curr Org Synth 2020; 17:252-270. [DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666200325124712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phthalimide derivatives have been presenting several promising biological activities in the literature,
such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antitumor, antimicrobial and anticonvulsant. The most well-known and
studied phthalimide derivative (isoindoline-1,3-dione) is thalidomide: this compound initially presented
important sedative effects, but it is now known that thalidomide has effectiveness against a wide variety of
diseases, including inflammation and cancer. This review approaches some of the recent and efficient chemical
synthesis pathways to obtain phthalimide analogues and also presents a summary of the main biological
activities of these derivatives found in the literature. Therefore, this review describes the chemical and
therapeutic aspects of phthalimide derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel L. Almeida
- Nucleus of Research in Therapeutical Innovation Suely Galdino (NUPIT SG), Bioscience Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Maria C.V.A. Oliveira
- Nucleus of Research in Therapeutical Innovation Suely Galdino (NUPIT SG), Bioscience Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ivan R. Pitta
- Nucleus of Research in Therapeutical Innovation Suely Galdino (NUPIT SG), Bioscience Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Marina G.R. Pitta
- Nucleus of Research in Therapeutical Innovation Suely Galdino (NUPIT SG), Bioscience Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
In vitro and in vivo activities of multi-target phtalimido-thiazoles on Schistosomiasis mansoni. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 146:105236. [PMID: 32058057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomicidal activity of six phthalimido-thiazoles derivatives with substitutions at the position three of the thiazole ring were analyzed in an experimental model. The substituents biphenyl (2i) and 2- naphthyl (2j) at a concentration of 80 µg/mL caused 100% mortality of the parasite in culture after 24 h and 48 h respectively. An evaluation of ultrastructural parasites showed damage in the tegument, formation of bubbles and partial destruction of the tubercles. The in vivo anti-parasitic activity with the derivate 2i was performed by administering it orally and intraperitoneally in a 400 mg/kg/5days regimen. Decreases in the number of eggs in the gut (45.1%) and a reduction of the percentage of mature (23.7%) and increased unviable (53.8%) eggs were observed. Our results also showed a reduction in the number of recovered worms after treatment with 2i (oral administration: 81, 25%). The results demonstrated that the prototypes which were tested had a significant anti-schistosomal effect against S. mansoni, suggesting that these derivatives are promising candidates for further research into the chemotherapy of schistosomiasis.
Collapse
|
19
|
Synthesis and Bioactivity of Phthalimide Analogs as Potential Drugs to Treat Schistosomiasis, a Neglected Disease of Poverty. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13020025. [PMID: 32028743 PMCID: PMC7169845 DOI: 10.3390/ph13020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The neglected tropical disease, schistosomiasis, is caused by trematode blood flukes of the Schistosoma genus and infects approximately 200 million people worldwide. With just one partially effective drug available for disease treatment, new drugs are urgently needed. Herein, a series of 47 phthalimide (Pht) analogues possessing high-value bioactive scaffolds (i.e., benzimidazole and 1,2,3,-triazoles) was synthesized by click-chemistry. Compounds were evaluated for anti-schistosomal activity in culture against somules (post-infective larvae) and adults of Schistosoma mansoni, their predicted ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) properties, and toxicity vs. HepG2 cells. The majority showed favorable parameters for surface area, lipophilicity, bioavailability and Lipinski score. Thirteen compounds were active at 10 µM against both somules and adults (6d, 6f, 6i–6l, 6n–6p, 6s, 6r’, 6t’ and 6w). Against somules, the majority caused degeneracy and/or death after 72 h; whereas against adult parasites, five compounds (6l, 6d, 6f, 6r’ and 6s) elicited degeneracy, tegumental (surface) damage and/or death. Strongest potency against both developmental stages was recorded for compounds possessing n-butyl or isobutyl as a linker, and a pentafluorophenyl group on triazole. Apart from five compounds for which anti-parasite activity tracked with toxicity to HepG2 cells, there was apparently no toxicity to HepG2 cells (EC50 values ≥50 µM). The data overall suggest that phthaloyl-triazole compounds are favorable synthons for additional studies as anti-schistosomals.
Collapse
|
20
|
Rani A, Kumar S, Legac J, Adeniyi AA, Awolade P, Singh P, Rosenthal PJ, Kumar V. Design, synthesis, heme binding and density functional theory studies of isoindoline-dione-4-aminoquinolines as potential antiplasmodials. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:193-205. [PMID: 31802710 PMCID: PMC7099627 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: WHO Malaria report 2017 estimated 216 million cases of malaria and 445,000 deaths worldwide, with 91% of deaths affecting the African region. Results/methodology: Microwave promoted the synthesis of cycloalkyl amine substituted isoindoline-1,3-dione-4-aminoquinolines was urbanized for evaluating their antiplasmodial activities. Compound with the optimum combination of propyl chain length and hydroxyethyl piperazine proved to be the most potent among the synthesized scaffolds against chloroquine-resistant W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum with an IC50 value of 0.006 μM. Heme-binding along with density functional theory studies were further carried out in order to delineate the mechanism of action of the most active compound. Conclusion: The synthesized scaffold can act as a therapeutic template for further synthetic modifications toward the search for a new antimalarial agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Jenny Legac
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Adebayo A Adeniyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Federal University of Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Paul Awolade
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Philip J Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Batista CRA, Godin AM, Melo ISF, Coura GME, Matsui TC, Dutra MMGB, Brito AMS, Canhestro WG, Alves RJ, Araújo DP, de Fátima Â, Machado RR, Coelho MM. The phthalimide analogues N-3-hydroxypropylphthalimide and N-carboxymethyl-3-nitrophthalimide exhibit activity in experimental models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:1177-1183. [PMID: 31669881 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalimide analogues devoid of the glutarimide moiety exhibit multiple biological activities, thus making them candidates for the treatment of patients with different diseases, including those with inflammatory and painful disorders. In the present study, the activities of five phthalimide analogues devoid of the glutarimide moiety (N-hydroxyphthalimide, N-hydroxymethylphthalimide, N-3-hydroxypropylphthalimide, N-carboxy-3-methylphthalimide, N-carboxymethyl-3-nitrophthalimide) were evaluated in experimental models of acute and chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain. METHODS The phthalimide analogues were administered per os (po) in Swiss mice or Wistar rats. Nociceptive response induced by formaldehyde and mechanical allodynia induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve or intraplantar (ipl) injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) were used as experimental models of pain. RESULTS N-carboxymethyl-3-nitrophthalimide (700 mg/kg, -1 h) inhibited the second phase of the nociceptive response induced by the intraplantar injection of formaldehyde in mice. N-3-hidroxypropylphthalimide (546 mg/kg, -1 h) inhibited both phases of the nociceptive response induced by formaldehyde. Treatment of rats with N-carboxymethyl-3-nitrophthalimide (700 mg/kg) or N-3-hydroxypropylphthalimide (546 mg/kg) inhibited the mechanical allodynia induced by CCI of the sciatic nerve or ipl injection of CFA in rats. Intraperitoneal administration of the opioid antagonist naltrexone (10 mg/kg, -1.5 h) attenuated the antinociceptive activity of N-carboxymethyl-3-nitrophthalimide (700 mg/kg) in the model of nociceptive response induced by formaldehyde. CONCLUSIONS N-3-hydroxypropylphthalimide and N-carboxymethyl-3-nitrophthalimide, two phthalimide analogues devoid of the glutarimide moiety, exhibited activities in different experimental models of pain, including models of chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla R A Batista
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriana M Godin
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ivo S F Melo
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Giovanna M E Coura
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Tamires C Matsui
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcela M G B Dutra
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Mercy S Brito
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Wagner G Canhestro
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo J Alves
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Débora P Araújo
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ângelo de Fátima
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renes R Machado
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Márcio M Coelho
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Leite ACL, Espíndola JWP, de Oliveira Cardoso MV, de Oliveira Filho GB. Privileged Structures in the Design of Potential Drug Candidates for Neglected Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4323-4354. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171023163752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Privileged motifs are recurring in a wide range of biologically
active compounds that reach different pharmaceutical targets and pathways and could represent
a suitable start point to access potential candidates in the neglected diseases field.
The current therapies to treat these diseases are based in drugs that lack of the desired effectiveness,
affordable methods of synthesis and allow a way to emergence of resistant
strains. Due the lack of financial return, only few pharmaceutical companies have been
investing in research for new therapeutics for neglected diseases (ND).
Methods:
Based on the literature search from 2002 to 2016, we discuss how six privileged
motifs, focusing phthalimide, isatin, indole, thiosemicarbazone, thiazole, and thiazolidinone
are particularly recurrent in compounds active against some of neglected diseases.
Results:
It was observed that attention was paid particularly for Chagas disease, malaria,
tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, dengue, African sleeping sickness (Human
African Trypanosomiasis - HAT) and toxoplasmosis. It was possible to verify that, among
the ND, antitrypanosomal and antiplasmodial activities were between the most searched.
Besides, thiosemicarbazone moiety seems to be the most versatile and frequently explored
scaffold. As well, phthalimide, isatin, thiazole, and thiazolidone nucleus have been also
explored in the ND field.
Conclusion:
Some described compounds, appear to be promising drug candidates, while
others could represent a valuable inspiration in the research for new lead compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - José Wanderlan Pontes Espíndola
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Gevanio Bezerra de Oliveira Filho
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Alberca LN, Chuguransky SR, Álvarez CL, Talevi A, Salas-Sarduy E. In silico Guided Drug Repurposing: Discovery of New Competitive and Non-competitive Inhibitors of Falcipain-2. Front Chem 2019; 7:534. [PMID: 31448257 PMCID: PMC6691349 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is among the leading causes of death worldwide. The emergence of Plasmodium falciparum resistant strains with reduced sensitivity to the first line combination therapy and suboptimal responses to insecticides used for Anopheles vector management have led to renewed interest in novel therapeutic options. Here, we report the development and validation of an ensemble of ligand-based computational models capable of identifying falcipain-2 inhibitors, and their subsequent application in the virtual screening of DrugBank and Sweetlead libraries. Among four hits submitted to enzymatic assays, two (odanacatib, an abandoned investigational treatment for osteoporosis and bone metastasis, and the antibiotic methacycline) confirmed inhibitory effects on falcipain-2, with Ki of 98.2 nM and 84.4 μM. Interestingly, Methacycline proved to be a non-competitive inhibitor (α = 1.42) of falcipain-2. The effects of both hits on falcipain-2 hemoglobinase activity and on the development of P. falciparum were also studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas N Alberca
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds Research and Development (LIDeB), Department of Biological Sciences, Exact Sciences College, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sara R Chuguransky
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds Research and Development (LIDeB), Department of Biological Sciences, Exact Sciences College, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Cora L Álvarez
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisico-Química Biológicas (IQUIFIB) "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini", Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alan Talevi
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds Research and Development (LIDeB), Department of Biological Sciences, Exact Sciences College, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Emir Salas-Sarduy
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Rodolfo Ugalde", Universidad Nacional de San Martín, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Matsa R, Makam P, Kaushik M, Hoti SL, Kannan T. Thiosemicarbazone derivatives: Design, synthesis and in vitro antimalarial activity studies. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 137:104986. [PMID: 31283946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.104986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Different types of thiosemicarbazone derivatives were designed and tested for their Drug-Like Molecular (DLM) nature by using Lipinski and Veber rules. Subsequently, compounds with DLM properties were synthesized and characterized by spectral methods. In vitro antimalarial activity studies of the synthesized thiosemicarbazone derivatives have been carried out against Plasmodium falciparum, 3D7 strain using fluorescence assay method and found that the compounds, (E)-2-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (6), (E)-2-(1-(3-bromophenyl) ethylidene) hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (15) and (E)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene) hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (29) showed notable antimalarial activity with EC50 values of 13.54 μM, 15.83 μM and 14.52 μM respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramkishore Matsa
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | - Parameshwar Makam
- Chemical Science Research Group, Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144 411, India
| | - Meenakshi Kaushik
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590 010, India
| | - S L Hoti
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590 010, India
| | - Tharanikkarasu Kannan
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry 605 014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rani A, Legac J, Rosenthal PJ, Kumar V. Substituted 1,3-dioxoisoindoline-4-aminoquinolines coupled via amide linkers: Synthesis, antiplasmodial and cytotoxic evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2019; 88:102912. [PMID: 30991190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of C-5-substituted 1,3-dioxoisoindoline-4-aminoquinolines having amide group as a spacer was developed with an intent to evaluate their antiplasmodial activities. The synthesized dioxoisoindoline-aminoquinolines tethered with β-alanine as a spacer and secondary amine as substituent displayed good anti-plasmodial activities. Compound 7j, with an optimum combination of β-alanine and an ethyl chain length as linker along with diethylamine as the secondary amine counterpart at dioxoisoindoline proved to be most potent and non-cytotoxic with IC50 of 0.097 µM against W2 strain of P. falciparum and a selective index of >2000.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Jenny Legac
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Philip J Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Xie R, Mei X, Ning J. Design, Synthesis and Insecticide Activity of Novel Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Triazolinone and Phthalimide Heterodimers. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:345-350. [PMID: 30930439 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Based on the "cluster effect" and the structure characters of acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7), a new series of 1,2,4-triazolin-3-one and phthalimide heterodimers were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as potent dual acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs). Most of the synthesized compounds showed good in vitro inhibitory activities towards both Drosophila melanogaster acetylcholinesterase (DmAChE) and Musca domestica acetylcholinesterase (MdAChE). Among them, 5g was found to be the most potent anti-AChE derivate (5g, IC50 = 8.07 µM to DmAChE, IC50 = 32.24 µM to MdAChE). It was 2.31- and 1.35-fold more active than the positive control ethion (CP, IC50 = 18.62 µM to DmAChE, IC50 = 43.56 µM to MdAChE). The docking model study revealed that 5g possessed the fitted spatial structure and bound to the central pocket and peripheral site of DmAChE. Moreover, most compounds demonstrated high insecticidal activity to Lipaphis erysimi and Tetranychus cinnabarinus at the concentration of 300 mg/L.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruliang Xie
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab
| | - Xiangdong Mei
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Jun Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Raza M, Bharti H, Singal A, Nag A, Ghosh PC. Long circulatory liposomal maduramicin inhibits the growth of Plasmodium falciparum blood stages in culture and cures murine models of experimental malaria. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:13773-13791. [PMID: 29995025 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02442a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Malaria continues to be one of the deadliest infectious diseases and a global health menace. The emergence and spread of drug-resistant strains of malaria parasites have further made the process of disease management grimmer. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify promising antimalarial strategies that can target the blood stages as well as block parasite transmission. Maduramicin is one such ionophore selected out of a recent screen of gametocytocidal compounds that exhibit potent antiplasmodial activity. However, maduramicin's strong hydrophobic nature and associated toxicity restrict its application in chemotherapy. To alleviate this problem, we have developed a liposomal formulation loaded with the ionophore maduramicin for the treatment of chloroquine sensitive and resistant Plasmodium infections. Here, we show that maduramicin in PEGylated liposomal formulations displayed enhanced antiplasmodial activity in vitro compared to free maduramicin. Significantly, four consecutive doses of 1.5 mg kg-1 body weight of PEGylated maduramicin loaded lipid vesicles completely cured cerebral and chloroquine resistant murine models of malaria without any obvious toxic effects and suppressed the key inflammatory markers associated with the progression of the disease. PEGylated liposomal maduramicin also exhibited a prolonged plasma clearance rate, implying a greater chance of interaction and uptake by infected RBCs. Furthermore, we also provide evidence that the detrimental effect of liposomal maduramicin on parasite survival is mediated by increased ROS generation and subsequent perturbation of parasite mitochondrial membrane potential. This study presents the first report to demonstrate the potent antimalarial efficacy of maduramicin liposomes, a strategy that holds promise for the development of successful therapeutic intervention against malaria in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Raza
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi-110021, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rani A, Singh A, Gut J, Rosenthal PJ, Kumar V. Microwave-promoted facile access to 4-aminoquinoline-phthalimides: Synthesis and anti-plasmodial evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 143:150-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
29
|
Chen W, Huang Z, Wang W, Mao F, Guan L, Tang Y, Jiang H, Li J, Huang J, Jiang L, Zhu J. Discovery of new antimalarial agents: Second-generation dual inhibitors against FP-2 and PfDHFR via fragments assembely. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:6467-6478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
30
|
Kumar P, Achieng AO, Rajendran V, Ghosh PC, Singh BK, Rawat M, Perkins DJ, Kempaiah P, Rathi B. Synergistic blending of high-valued heterocycles inhibits growth of Plasmodium falciparum in culture and P. berghei infection in mouse model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6724. [PMID: 28751747 PMCID: PMC5532363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of phthalimide analogues, novelized with high-valued bioactive scaffolds was synthesized by means of click-chemistry under non-conventional microwave heating and evaluated as noteworthy growth inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum (3D7 and W2) in culture. Analogues 6a, 6h and 6 u showed highest activity to inhibit the growth of the parasite with IC50 values in submicromolar range. Structure-activity correlation indicated the necessity of unsubstituted triazoles and leucine linker to obtain maximal growth inhibition of the parasite. Notably, phthalimide 6a and 6u selectively inhibited the ring-stage growth and parasite maturation. On other hand, phthalimide 6h displayed selective schizonticidal activity. Besides, they displayed synergistic interactions with chloroquine and dihydroartemisinin against parasite. Additional in vivo experiments using P. berghei infected mice showed that administration of 6h and 6u alone, as well as in combination with dihydroartemisinin, substantially reduced the parasite load. The high antimalarial activity of 6h and 6u, coupled with low toxicity advocate their potential role as novel antimalarial agents, either as standalone or combination therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Bio-Organic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Angela O Achieng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Global Health, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Vinoth Rajendran
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Prahlad C Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Brajendra K Singh
- Bio-Organic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Manmeet Rawat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Global Health, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Douglas J Perkins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Global Health, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Prakasha Kempaiah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Global Health, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America.
| | - Brijesh Rathi
- Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College University Enclave, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India. .,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA-02139, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang X, Zhao T, Qin X. Model of epidemic control based on quarantine and message delivery. PHYSICA A 2016; 458:168-178. [PMID: 32288100 PMCID: PMC7127083 DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The model provides two novel strategies for the preventive control of epidemic diseases. One approach is related to the different isolating rates in latent period and invasion period. Experiments show that the increasing of isolating rates in invasion period, as long as over 0.5, contributes little to the preventing of epidemic; the improvement of isolation rate in latent period is key to control the disease spreading. Another is a specific mechanism of message delivering and forwarding. Information quality and information accumulating process are also considered there. Macroscopically, diseases are easy to control as long as the immune messages reach a certain quality. Individually, the accumulating messages bring people with certain immunity to the disease. Also, the model is performed on the classic complex networks like scale-free network and small-world network, and location-based social networks. Results show that the proposed measures demonstrate superior performance and significantly reduce the negative impact of epidemic disease.
Collapse
|
32
|
Aneja B, Kumar B, Jairajpuri MA, Abid M. A structure guided drug-discovery approach towards identification of Plasmodium inhibitors. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19673f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive review of inhibitors from natural, semisynthetic or synthetic sources against key targets ofPlasmodium falciparum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babita Aneja
- Medicinal Chemistry Lab
- Department of Biosciences
- Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University)
- New Delhi 110025
- India
| | - Bhumika Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Lab
- Department of Biosciences
- Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University)
- New Delhi 110025
- India
| | - Mohamad Aman Jairajpuri
- Protein Conformation and Enzymology Lab
- Department of Biosciences
- Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University)
- New Delhi 110025
- India
| | - Mohammad Abid
- Medicinal Chemistry Lab
- Department of Biosciences
- Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University)
- New Delhi 110025
- India
| |
Collapse
|