1
|
Burmeister A, Stephan A, Alves Avelar LA, Müller MR, Seiwert A, Höfmann S, Fischer F, Torres-Gomez H, Hoffmann MJ, Niegisch G, Bremmer F, Petzsch P, Köhrer K, Albers P, Kurz T, Skowron MA, Nettersheim D. Establishment and Evaluation of Dual HDAC/BET Inhibitors as Therapeutic Options for Germ Cell Tumors and Other Urological Malignancies. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:1674-1688. [PMID: 35999659 PMCID: PMC9630828 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Urological malignancies represent major challenges for clinicians, with annually rising incidences. In addition, cisplatin treatment induced long-term toxicities and the development of therapy resistance emphasize the need for novel therapeutics. In this study, we analyzed the effects of novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) and bromodomain and extraterminal domain-containing (BET) inhibitors to combine them into a potent HDAC-BET-fusion molecule and to understand their molecular mode-of-action. Treatment of (cisplatin-resistant) germ cell tumors (GCT), urothelial, renal, and prostate carcinoma cells with the HDAC, BET, and dual inhibitors decreased cell viability, induced apoptosis, and affected the cell cycle. Furthermore, a dual inhibitor considerably decreased tumor burden in GCT xenograft models. On a molecular level, correlating RNA- to ATAC-sequencing data indicated a considerable induction of gene expression, accompanied by site-specific changes of chromatin accessibility after HDAC inhibitor application. Upregulated genes could be linked to intra- and extra-cellular trafficking, cellular organization, and neuronal processes, including neuroendocrine differentiation. Regarding chromatin accessibility on a global level, an equal distribution of active or repressed DNA accessibility has been detected after HDAC inhibitor treatment, questioning the current understanding of HDAC inhibitor function. In summary, our HDAC, BET, and dual inhibitors represent a new treatment alternative for urological malignancies. Furthermore, we shed light on new molecular and epigenetic mechanisms of the tested epi-drugs, allowing for a better understanding of the underlying modes-of-action and risk assessment for the patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Burmeister
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexa Stephan
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Leandro A. Alves Avelar
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melanie R. Müller
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Seiwert
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Höfmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fabian Fischer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hector Torres-Gomez
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michèle J. Hoffmann
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Bladder Cancer Group, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Guenter Niegisch
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Bladder Cancer Group, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Urology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Felix Bremmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Petzsch
- Genomics and Transcriptomics Laboratory (GTL), Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Genomics and Transcriptomics Laboratory (GTL), Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Albers
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Kurz
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Margaretha A. Skowron
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Corresponding Authors: Daniel Nettersheim, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. Phone: 49-021-1811-5844; E-mail: ; and Margaretha A. Skowron,
| | - Daniel Nettersheim
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Corresponding Authors: Daniel Nettersheim, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. Phone: 49-021-1811-5844; E-mail: ; and Margaretha A. Skowron,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Correlation Analysis of Protein Expression of 10 HDAC/Sirtuin Isoenzymes with Sensitivities of 23 Anticancer Drugs in 17 Cancer Cell Lines and Potentiation of Drug Activity by Co-Treatment with HDAC Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010187. [PMID: 35008351 PMCID: PMC8750037 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Protein expression profiles of 10 HDAC/Sirtuin isoenzymes in two panels of human cancer cell lines were compared with each other and with the potencies of various anticancer drugs by Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis to identify patterns of enzyme expression and anticancer activity. Furthermore, the NCI COMPARE database was used to identify possible correlations between the mRNA expression in a 60 cancer cell panel and the potency of the same anticancer drugs. While several interesting correlations were found within both data sets, none of these correlations were identical in the two sets of data, suggesting that protein and mRNA expression profiles are not comparable. Combination treatments with several HDAC inhibitors with a number of the anticancer drugs revealed interesting synergistic effects that were in keeping with some of the correlations predicted by our protein expression analysis. Abstract Inhibiting the activity of histone deacetylase (HDAC) is an ongoing strategy in anticancer therapy. However, to our knowledge, the relationships between the expression of HDAC proteins and the antitumor drug sensitivity of cancer cells have not been studied until now. In the current work, we investigated the relative expression profiles of 10 HDAC isoenzymes comprising the classes I–III (HDAC1/2/4/6; Sirt1/2/3/5/6/7) in a panel of 17 cancer cell lines, including the breast, cervix, oesophageal, lung, oral squamous, pancreas, as well as urinary bladder carcinoma cells. Correlations between the data of mRNA expression for these enzymes obtained from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) 60 cancer cell line program were also examined. Next, we performed univariate analysis between the expression patterns of HDAC/Sirt isoenzymes with the sensitivity of a 16 cell panel of cancer cell lines towards several antitumor drugs. In a univariate correlation analysis, we found a strong relation between Sirt2 expression and cytotoxicity caused by busulfan, etoposide, and hydroxyurea. Moreover, it was identified that Sirt5 correlates with the effects exerted by oxaliplatin or topotecan, as well as between HDAC4 expression and these two drugs. Correlations between the data of mRNA expression for enzymes with the potencies of the same anticancer agents obtained from the NCI 60 cancer cell line program were also found, but none were the same as those we found with our protein expression data. Additionally, we report here the effects upon combination of the approved HDAC inhibitor vorinostat and one other known inhibitor trichostatin A as well as newer hetero-stilbene and diazeno based sirtuin inhibitors on the potency of cisplatin, lomustine, and topotecan. For these three anticancer drugs, we found a significantly enhanced cytotoxicity when co-incubated with HDAC inhibitors, demonstrating a potentially beneficial influence of HDAC inhibition on anticancer drug treatment.
Collapse
|
3
|
Pflieger M, Sönnichsen M, Horstick‐Muche N, Yang J, Schliehe‐Diecks J, Schöler A, Borkhardt A, Hamacher A, Kassack MU, Hansen FK, Bhatia S, Kurz T. Oxa Analogues of Nexturastat A Demonstrate Improved HDAC6 Selectivity and Superior Antileukaemia Activity. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1798-1803. [PMID: 33629513 PMCID: PMC8251746 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202001011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The acetylome is important for maintaining the homeostasis of cells. Abnormal changes can result in the pathogenesis of immunological or neurological diseases, and degeneration can promote the manifestation of cancer. In particular, pharmacological intervention in the acetylome with pan-histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors is clinically validated. However, these drugs exhibit an undesirable risk-benefit profile due to severe side effects. Selective HDAC inhibitors might promote patient compliance and represent a valuable opportunity in personalised medicine. Therefore, we envisioned the development of HDAC6-selective inhibitors. During our lead structure identification, we demonstrated that an alkoxyurea-based connecting unit proves to be beneficial for HDAC6 selectivity and established the synthesis of alkoxyurea-based hydroxamic acids. Herein, we report highly potent N-alkoxyurea-based hydroxamic acids with improved HDAC6 preference compared to nexturastat A. We further validated the biological activity of these oxa analogues of nexturastat A in a broad subset of leukaemia cell lines and demonstrated their superior anti-proliferative properties compared to nexturastat A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Pflieger
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Melf Sönnichsen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical FacultyHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Nadine Horstick‐Muche
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical FacultyHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- Department of MedicineYangzhou Polytechnic CollegeWest Wenchang Road 458Yangzhou225009P.R. China
| | - Julian Schliehe‐Diecks
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical FacultyHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Andrea Schöler
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Medical FacultyLeipzig UniversityBrüderstraße 3404103LeipzigGermany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical FacultyHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Alexandra Hamacher
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Matthias U. Kassack
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Finn K. Hansen
- Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical InstituteUniversity of BonnAn der Immenburg 453121BonnGermany
| | - Sanil Bhatia
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical FacultyHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Thomas Kurz
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alves Avelar LA, Schrenk C, Sönnichsen M, Hamacher A, Hansen FK, Schliehe-Diecks J, Borkhardt A, Bhatia S, Kassack MU, Kurz T. Synergistic induction of apoptosis in resistant head and neck carcinoma and leukemia by alkoxyamide-based histone deacetylase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 211:113095. [PMID: 33360560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Targeting epigenetic dysregulation has emerged as a valuable therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment. Especially epigenetic combination therapy of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) with established anti-cancer drugs has provided promising results in preclinical and clinical studies. The structural optimization of alkoxyamide-based class I/IIb inhibitors afforded improved analogs with potent efficacy in cisplatin-resistant head and neck carcinoma cells and bortezomib-resistant leukemia cells. The most promising HDACi showed a superior synergistic cytotoxic activity as compared to vorinostat and class I HDACi in combination with cisplatin, leading to a full reversal of the chemoresistant phenotype in head and neck cancer cell lines, as well in combination with the proteasome inhibitors (bortezomib and carfilzomib) in a panel of leukemic cell lines. Furthermore, the most valuable alkoxyamide-based HDACi exhibited strong ex vivo anticancer efficacy against primary patient samples obtained from different therapy-resistant leukemic entities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro A Alves Avelar
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Schrenk
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melf Sönnichsen
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexandra Hamacher
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Finn K Hansen
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Abteilung für Pharmazeutische und Zellbiologische Chemie, Universität Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn (Endenich), Germany
| | - Julian Schliehe-Diecks
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sanil Bhatia
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Matthias U Kassack
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Thomas Kurz
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rodrigues Moita AJ, Bandolik JJ, Hansen FK, Kurz T, Hamacher A, Kassack MU. Priming with HDAC Inhibitors Sensitizes Ovarian Cancer Cells to Treatment with Cisplatin and HSP90 Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218300. [PMID: 33167494 PMCID: PMC7663919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths. Chemoresistance, particularly against platinum compounds, contributes to a poor prognosis. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) and heat shock protein 90 inhibitors (HSP90i) are known to modulate pathways involved in chemoresistance. This study investigated the effects of HDACi (panobinostat, LMK235) and HSP90i (luminespib, HSP990) on the potency of cisplatin in ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780, CaOV3, OVCAR3 and cisplatin-resistant sub-clones). Preincubation with HDACi increased the cytotoxic potency of HSP90i, whereas preincubation with HSP90i had no effect. Preincubation with HSP90i or HDACi 48h prior to cisplatin enhanced the cisplatin potency significantly in all cell lines via apoptosis induction and affected the expression of apoptosis-relevant genes and proteins. For CaOV3CisR and A2780CisR, a preincubation with HDACi for 48–72 h led to complete reversal of cisplatin resistance. Furthermore, permanent presence of HDACi in sub-cytotoxic concentrations prevented the development of cisplatin resistance in A2780. However, triple combinations of HDACi, HSP90i and cisplatin were not superior to dual combinations. Overall, priming with HDACi sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to treatment with HSP90i or cisplatin and has an influence on the development of cisplatin resistance, both of which may contribute to an improved ovarian cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana J. Rodrigues Moita
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.J.R.M.); (J.J.B.); (T.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Jan J. Bandolik
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.J.R.M.); (J.J.B.); (T.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Finn K. Hansen
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Thomas Kurz
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.J.R.M.); (J.J.B.); (T.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Alexandra Hamacher
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.J.R.M.); (J.J.B.); (T.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Matthias U. Kassack
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.J.R.M.); (J.J.B.); (T.K.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Friedrich A, Assmann AS, Schumacher L, Stuijvenberg JV, Kassack MU, Schulz WA, Roos WP, Hansen FK, Pflieger M, Kurz T, Fritz G. In Vitro Assessment of the Genotoxic Hazard of Novel Hydroxamic Acid- and Benzamide-Type Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (HDACi). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4747. [PMID: 32635356 PMCID: PMC7370100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are already approved for the therapy of leukemias. Since they are also emerging candidate compounds for the treatment of non-malignant diseases, HDACi with a wide therapeutic window and low hazard potential are desirable. Here, we investigated a panel of 12 novel hydroxamic acid- and benzamide-type HDACi employing non-malignant V79 hamster cells as toxicology guideline-conform in vitro model. HDACi causing a ≥10-fold preferential cytotoxicity in malignant neuroblastoma over non-malignant V79 cells were selected for further genotoxic hazard analysis, including vorinostat and entinostat for control. All HDACi selected, (i.e., KSK64, TOK77, DDK137 and MPK77) were clastogenic and evoked DNA strand breaks in non-malignant V79 cells as demonstrated by micronucleus and comet assays, histone H2AX foci formation analyses (γH2AX), DNA damage response (DDR) assays as well as employing DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair-defective VC8 hamster cells. Genetic instability induced by hydroxamic acid-type HDACi seems to be independent of bulky DNA adduct formation as concluded from the analysis of nucleotide excision repair (NER) deficient mutants. Summarizing, KSK64 revealed the highest genotoxic hazard and DDR stimulating potential, while TOK77 and MPK77 showed the lowest DNA damaging capacity. Therefore, these compounds are suggested as the most promising novel candidate HDACi for subsequent pre-clinical in vivo studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Friedrich
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (A.F.); (A.-S.A.); (L.S.); (J.v.S.)
| | - Ann-Sophie Assmann
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (A.F.); (A.-S.A.); (L.S.); (J.v.S.)
| | - Lena Schumacher
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (A.F.); (A.-S.A.); (L.S.); (J.v.S.)
| | - Jana v. Stuijvenberg
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (A.F.); (A.-S.A.); (L.S.); (J.v.S.)
| | - Matthias U. Kassack
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.U.K.); (M.P.); (T.K.)
| | - Wolfgang A. Schulz
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Wynand P. Roos
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Finn K. Hansen
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 34, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Marc Pflieger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.U.K.); (M.P.); (T.K.)
| | - Thomas Kurz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.U.K.); (M.P.); (T.K.)
| | - Gerhard Fritz
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (A.F.); (A.-S.A.); (L.S.); (J.v.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Combination of Decitabine and Entinostat Synergistically Inhibits Urothelial Bladder Cancer Cells via Activation of FoxO1. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020337. [PMID: 32028599 PMCID: PMC7073167 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Occurrence of cisplatin-resistance in bladder cancer is frequent and results in disease progression. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches are a high medical need for patients suffering from chemotherapy failure. The purpose of this study was to test the combination of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine (DAC) with the histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat (ENT) in bladder cancer cells with different platinum sensitivities: J82, cisplatin-resistant J82CisR, and RT-112. Intermittent treatment of J82 cells with cisplatin resulted in the six-fold more cisplatin-resistant cell line J82CisR. Combinations of DAC and/or ENT plus cisplatin could not reverse chemoresistance. However, the combination of DAC and ENT acted cytotoxic in a highly synergistic manner as shown by Chou-Talalay analysis via induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Importantly, this effect was cancer cell-selective as no synergism was found for the combination in the non-cancerous urothelial cell line HBLAK. Expression analysis indicated that epigenetic treatment led to up-regulation of forkhead box class O1 (FoxO1) and further activated proapoptotic Bim and the cell cycle regulator p21 and reduced expression of survivin in J82CisR. In conclusion, the combination of DAC and ENT is highly synergistic and has a promising potential for therapy of bladder cancer, particularly in cases with platinum resistance.
Collapse
|