1
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Zhang H, Zhang L, He Y, Jiang D, Sun J, Luo Q, Liang H, Wang T, Li F, Tang Y, Yang Z, Liu W, Rao Y, Chen C. PI3K PROTAC overcomes the lapatinib resistance in PIK3CA-mutant HER2 positive breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 598:217112. [PMID: 38986734 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Although anti-HER2 therapy has made significant strides in reducing metastasis and relapse in HER2-positive breast cancer, resistance to agents like trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and lapatinib frequently develops in patients undergoing treatment. Previous studies suggest that the hyperactivation of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway by PIK3CA/PTEN gene mutations is implicated in HER2 resistance. In this study, we introduce a novel PI3K-p110α Proteolysis TAargeting Chimera (PROTAC) that effectively inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells by degrading PI3K-p110α. When tested in two lapatinib-resistant cell lines, JIMT1 and MDA-MB-453, both of which harbor PIK3CA mutations, the PI3K PROTAC notably reduced cell proliferation and induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Importantly, even at very low concentrations, PI3K PROTAC restored sensitivity to lapatinib. Furthermore, the efficacy of PI3K PROTAC surpassed that of Alpelisib, a selective PI3K-p110α kinase inhibitor in clinic. The superior performance of PI3K PROTAC was also confirmed in lapatinib-resistant breast cancer xenograft tumors and patient-derived breast cancer organoids (PDOs). In conclusion, this study reveals that the novel PI3K PROTAC we synthesized could serve as an effective agent to overcome lapatinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Longlong Zhang
- Academy of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yuna He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dewei Jiang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jian Sun
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Qianmei Luo
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Huichun Liang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; School of Life Science, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Fubing Li
- Academy of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yu Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Zimo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China.
| | - Yu Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Academy of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China.
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2
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Jauslin WT, Schild M, Schaefer T, Borsari C, Orbegozo C, Bissegger L, Zhanybekova S, Ritz D, Schmidt A, Wymann M, Gillingham D. A high affinity pan-PI3K binding module supports selective targeted protein degradation of PI3Kα. Chem Sci 2024; 15:683-691. [PMID: 38179525 PMCID: PMC10763047 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04629j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) control cellular growth, but are also essential in insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis. Pan-PI3K inhibitors thus generate substantial adverse effects, a reality that has plagued drug development against this target class. We present here evidence that a high affinity binding module with the capacity to target all class I PI3K isoforms can facilitate selective degradation of the most frequently mutated class I isoform, PI3Kα, when incorporated into a cereblon-targeted (CRBN) degrader. A systematic proteomics study guided the fine tuning of molecular features to optimize degrader selectivity and potency. Our work resulted in the creation of WJ112-14, a PI3Kα-specific nanomolar degrader that should serve as an important research tool for studying PI3K biology. Given the toxicities observed in the clinic with unselective PI3Kα inhibitors, the results here offer a new approach toward selectively targeting this frequently mutated oncogenic driver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Schild
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Schaefer
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel 4031 Basel Switzerland
| | - Chiara Borsari
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel 4031 Basel Switzerland
| | - Clara Orbegozo
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel 4031 Basel Switzerland
| | - Lukas Bissegger
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel 4031 Basel Switzerland
| | | | - Danilo Ritz
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Alexander Schmidt
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Matthias Wymann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel 4031 Basel Switzerland
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3
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Wang H, Chen M, Zhang X, Xie S, Qin J, Li J. Peptide-based PROTACs: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:208-222. [PMID: 36718000 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230130121822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are an attractive means to target previously undruggable or drug-resistant mutant proteins. While small molecule-based PROTACs are stable and can cross cell membranes, there is limited availability of suitable small molecule warheads capable of recruiting proteins to an E3 ubiquitin ligase for degradation. With advances in structural biology and in silico protein structure prediction, it is now becoming easier to define highly selective peptides suitable for PROTAC design. As a result, peptide-based PROTACs are becoming a feasible proposition for targeting previously "undruggable" proteins not amenable to small molecule inhibition. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the design and application of peptide-based PROTACs as well as several practical approaches for obtaining candidate peptides for PROTACs. We also discuss the major hurdles preventing the translation of peptide-based PROTACs from bench to bedside, such as their delivery and bioavailability, with the aim of stimulating discussion about how best to accelerate the clinical development of peptide- based PROTACs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidan Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Miao Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Songbo Xie
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Jie Qin
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Jingrui Li
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
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4
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Jin J, He J, Li X, Ni X, Jin X. The role of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway: A potential target for cancer therapy. Gene 2023; 889:147807. [PMID: 37722609 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway controls key cellular processes, including proliferation and tumor progression, and abnormally high activation of this pathway is a hallmark in human cancers. The post-translational modification, such as Ubiquitination and deubiquitination, fine-tuning the protein level and the activity of members in this pathway play a pivotal role in maintaining normal physiological process. Emerging evidence show that the unbalanced ubiquitination/deubiquitination modification leads to human diseases via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the ubiquitination/deubiquitination regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway may be helpful to uncover the underlying mechanism and improve the potential treatment of cancer via targeting this pathway. Herein, we summarize the latest research progress of ubiquitination and deubiquitination of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, systematically discuss the associated crosstalk between them, as well as focus the clinical transformation via targeting ubiquitination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabei Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Xinming Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Xiaoqi Ni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
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5
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Cirillo D, Diceglie M, Nazaré M. Isoform-selective targeting of PI3K: time to consider new opportunities? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:601-621. [PMID: 37438206 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-3-kinases (PI3Ks) are central to several cellular signaling pathways in human physiology and are potential pharmacological targets for many pathologies including cancer, thrombosis, and pulmonary diseases. Tremendous efforts to develop isoform-selective inhibitors have culminated in the approval of several drugs, validating PI3K as a tractable and therapeutically relevant target. Although successful therapeutic validation has focused on isoform-selective class I orthosteric inhibitors, recent clinical findings have indicated challenges regarding poor drug tolerance owing to sustained on-target inhibition. Hence, additional approaches are warranted to increase the clinical benefits of specific clinical treatment options, which may involve the employment of so far underexploited targeting modalities or the development of inhibitors for currently underexplored PI3K class II isoforms. We review recent key discoveries in the development of isoform-selective inhibitors, focusing particularly on PI3K class II isoforms, and highlight the emerging importance of developing a broader arsenal of pharmacological tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Cirillo
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marta Diceglie
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Nazaré
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany.
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6
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Şenol H, Ghaffari-Moghaddam M, Bulut Ş, Akbaş F, Köse A, Topçu G. Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Novel Derivatives of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones Based on Oleanolic Acid: in Vitro and in Silico Studies against Prostate Cancer Cells. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301089. [PMID: 37596247 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Herein, new derivatives of α,β-unsaturated ketones based on oleanolic acid (4 a-i) were designed, synthesized, characterized, and tested against human prostate cancer (PC3). According to the in vitro cytotoxic study, title compounds (4 a-i) showed significantly lower toxicity toward healthy cells (HUVEC) in comparison with the reference drug doxorubicin. The compounds with the lowest IC50 values on PC3 cell lines were 4 b (7.785 μM), 4 c (8.869 μM), and 4 e (8.765 μM). The results of the ADME calculations showed that the drug-likeness parameters were within the defined ranges according to Lipinski's and Jorgensen's rules. For the most potent compounds 4 b, 4 c, and 4 e, a molecular docking analysis using the induced fit docking (IFD) protocol was performed against three protein targets (PARP, PI3K, and mTOR). Based on the IFD scores, compound 4 b had the highest calculated affinity for PARP1, while compound 4 c had higher affinities for mTOR and PI3K. The MM-GBSA calculations showed that the most potent compounds had high binding affinities and formed stable complexes with the protein targets. Finally, a 50 ns molecular dynamics simulation was performed to study the behavior of protein target complexes under in silico physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Şenol
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 34093 Fatih, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mansour Ghaffari-Moghaddam
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 34093 Fatih, Istanbul, Türkiye
- University of Zabol, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Zabol, 98615-538, Iran
| | - Şeyma Bulut
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, 34093 Fatih, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, 34093 Fatih, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Fahri Akbaş
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, 34093 Fatih, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Aytekin Köse
- Aksaray University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Chemistry, 68100, Aksaray, Türkiye
| | - Gülaçtı Topçu
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry Chemistry, 34093 Fatih, Istanbul, Türkiye
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7
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Zhou QQ, Xiao HT, Yang F, Wang YD, Li P, Zheng ZG. Advancing targeted protein degradation for metabolic diseases therapy. Pharmacol Res 2023; 188:106627. [PMID: 36566001 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development and application of traditional drugs represented by small molecule chemical drugs and biological agents, especially inhibitors, have become the mainstream drug development. In recent years, targeted protein degradation (TPD) technology has become one of the most promising methods to remove specific disease-related proteins using cell self-destruction mechanisms. Many different TPD strategies are emerging based on the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP), including but not limited to proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTAC), molecular glues (MG), lysosome targeting chimeras (LYTAC), chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA)-targeting chimeras, autophagy-targeting chimera (AUTAC), autophagosome-tethering compound (ATTEC), and autophagy-targeting chimera (AUTOTAC). The advent of targeted degradation technology can change most protein targets in human cells from undruggable to druggable, greatly expanding the therapeutic prospect of refractory diseases such as metabolic syndrome. Here, we summarize the latest progress of major TPD technologies, especially in metabolic syndrome and look forward to providing new insights for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai-Tao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong-Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zu-Guo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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8
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Raith F, O’Donovan DH, Lemos C, Politz O, Haendler B. Addressing the Reciprocal Crosstalk between the AR and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathways for Prostate Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032289. [PMID: 36768610 PMCID: PMC9917236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The reduction in androgen synthesis and the blockade of the androgen receptor (AR) function by chemical castration and AR signaling inhibitors represent the main treatment lines for the initial stages of prostate cancer. Unfortunately, resistance mechanisms ultimately develop due to alterations in the AR pathway, such as gene amplification or mutations, and also the emergence of alternative pathways that render the tumor less or, more rarely, completely independent of androgen activation. An essential oncogenic axis activated in prostate cancer is the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, as evidenced by the frequent alterations of the negative regulator phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and by the activating mutations in PI3K subunits. Additionally, crosstalk and reciprocal feedback loops between androgen signaling and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling cascade that activate pro-survival signals and play an essential role in disease recurrence and progression have been evidenced. Inhibitors addressing different players of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway have been evaluated in the clinic. Only a limited benefit has been reported in prostate cancer up to now due to the associated side effects, so novel combination approaches and biomarkers predictive of patient response are urgently needed. Here, we reviewed recent data on the crosstalk between AR signaling and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, the selective inhibitors identified, and the most advanced clinical studies, with a focus on combination treatments. A deeper understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms involved in disease progression and treatment resistance is essential to further guide therapeutic approaches with improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Raith
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel H. O’Donovan
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Clara Lemos
- Bayer Research and Innovation Center, Bayer US LLC, 238 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Oliver Politz
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernard Haendler
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-2215-41198
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9
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Chatterjee DR, Kapoor S, Jain M, Das R, Chowdhury MG, Shard A. PROTACting the kinome with covalent warheads. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103417. [PMID: 36306996 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The dawn of targeted degradation using proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) against recalcitrant proteins has prompted numerous efforts to develop complementary drugs. Although many of these are specifically directed against undruggable proteins, there is increasing interest in small molecule-based PROTACs that target intracellular pathways, and some have recently entered clinical trials. Concurrently, small molecule-based PROTACs that target protumorigenic pathways in cancer cells, the tumor microenvironment (TME), and angiogenesis have been found to have potent effects that synergize with the action of antibodies. This has led to the augmentation of PROTACs with variable substitution patterns. Several combinations with small molecules targeting undruggable proteins are now under clinical investigation. In this review, we discuss the recent milestones achieved as well as challenges encountered in this area of drug development, as well as our opinion on the best path forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep Rohan Chatterjee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Saumya Kapoor
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Meenakshi Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Rudradip Das
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Moumita Ghosh Chowdhury
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Amit Shard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India.
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10
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Huang J, Chen L, Wu J, Ai D, Zhang JQ, Chen TG, Wang L. Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in the Treatment of Human Diseases: Current Status, Trends, and Solutions. J Med Chem 2022; 65:16033-16061. [PMID: 36503229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is one of the most important intracellular pathways involved in cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, and survival. Therefore, this route is a prospective biological target for treating various human diseases, such as tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, pulmonary fibrosis, and diabetes. An increasing number of clinical studies emphasize the necessity of developing novel molecules targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. This review focuses on recent advances in ATP-competitive inhibitors, allosteric inhibitors, covalent inhibitors, and proteolysis-targeting chimeras against the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and highlights possible solutions for overcoming the toxicities and acquired drug resistance of currently available drugs. We also provide recommendations for the future design and development of promising drugs targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindi Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liye Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiangxia Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Daiqiao Ai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ji-Quan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Tie-Gen Chen
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Room 109, Building C, SSIP Healthcare and Medicine Demonstration Zone, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528400, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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11
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Choi Y, Park NJY, Le TM, Lee E, Lee D, Nguyen HDT, Cho J, Park JY, Han HS, Chong GO. Immune Pathway and Gene Database (IMPAGT) Revealed the Immune Dysregulation Dynamics and Overactivation of the PI3K/Akt Pathway in Tumor Buddings of Cervical Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:5139-5152. [PMID: 36354662 PMCID: PMC9688570 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44110350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor budding (TB) is a small cluster of malignant cells at the invasive front of a tumor. Despite being an adverse prognosis marker, little research has been conducted on the tumor immune microenvironment of tumor buddings, especially in cervical cancer. Therefore, RNA sequencing was performed using 21 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded slides of cervical tissues, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed. Immune Pathway and Gene Database (IMPAGT) was generated for immune profiling. "Pathway in Cancer" was identified as the most enriched pathway for both up- and downregulated DEGs. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Mapper and Gene Ontology further revealed the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. An IMPAGT analysis revealed immune dysregulation even at the tumor budding stage, especially in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis, with a high efficiency and integrity. These findings emphasized the clinical significance of tumor buddings and the necessity of blocking the overactivation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway to improve targeted therapy in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeseul Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- BK21 Four Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Nora Jee-Young Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea
- Clinical Omics Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41405, Korea
| | - Tan Minh Le
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- BK21 Four Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Eunmi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- BK21 Four Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Donghyeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- BK21 Four Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Hong Duc Thi Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- BK21 Four Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Junghwan Cho
- Clinical Omics Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41405, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea
| | - Hyung Soo Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- BK21 Four Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Clinical Omics Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41405, Korea
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Gun Oh Chong
- Clinical Omics Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41405, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea
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