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Parfenov AA, Vyshtakalyuk AB, Galyametdinova IV, Semenov VE, Zobov VV. Antiapoptotic Effect of Pyrimidine-Derived Drug Xymedon and Its Conjugate with L-Ascorbic Acid on Chang Liver Cells Under Apoptosis Induced by d-Galactosamine. BIONANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-022-01010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Akawi N, Checa A, Antonopoulos AS, Akoumianakis I, Daskalaki E, Kotanidis CP, Kondo H, Lee K, Yesilyurt D, Badi I, Polkinghorne M, Akbar N, Lundgren J, Chuaiphichai S, Choudhury R, Neubauer S, Channon KM, Torekov SS, Wheelock CE, Antoniades C. Fat-Secreted Ceramides Regulate Vascular Redox State and Influence Outcomes in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 77:2494-2513. [PMID: 34016263 PMCID: PMC8141611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.03.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with increased cardiovascular risk; however, the potential role of dysregulations in the adipose tissue (AT) metabolome is unknown. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the role of dysregulation in the AT metabolome on vascular redox signaling and cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS A screen was conducted for metabolites differentially secreted by thoracic AT (ThAT) and subcutaneous AT in obese patients with atherosclerosis (n = 48), and these metabolites were then linked with dysregulated vascular redox signaling in 633 patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery. The underlying mechanisms were explored in human aortic endothelial cells, and their clinical value was tested against hard clinical endpoints. RESULTS Because ThAT volume was associated significantly with arterial oxidative stress, there were significant differences in sphingolipid secretion between ThAT and subcutaneous AT, with C16:0-ceramide and derivatives being the most abundant species released within adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles. High ThAT sphingolipid secretion was significantly associated with reduced endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability and increased superoxide generated in human vessels. Circulating C16:0-ceramide correlated positively with ThAT ceramides, dysregulated vascular redox signaling, and increased systemic inflammation in 633 patients with atherosclerosis. Exogenous C16:0-ceramide directly increased superoxide via tetrahydrobiopterin-mediated endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling and dysregulated protein phosphatase 2 in human aortic endothelial cells. High plasma C16:0-ceramide and its glycosylated derivative were independently related with increased risk for cardiac mortality (adjusted hazard ratios: 1.394; 95% confidence interval: 1.030 to 1.886; p = 0.031 for C16:0-ceramide and 1.595; 95% confidence interval: 1.042 to 2.442; p = 0.032 for C16:0-glycosylceramide per 1 SD). In a randomized controlled clinical trial, 1-year treatment of obese patients with the glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide suppressed plasma C16:0-ceramide and C16:0-glycosylceramide changes compared with control subjects. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate for the first time in humans that AT-derived ceramides are modifiable regulators of vascular redox state in obesity, with a direct impact on cardiac mortality in advanced atherosclerosis. (The Interaction Between Appetite Hormones; NCT02094183).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Akawi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates. https://twitter.com/NadiaAkawi
| | - Antonio Checa
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexios S Antonopoulos
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Akoumianakis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Evangelia Daskalaki
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christos P Kotanidis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hidekazu Kondo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dilan Yesilyurt
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ileana Badi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Murray Polkinghorne
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Naveed Akbar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Lundgren
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Surawee Chuaiphichai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Choudhury
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Keith M Channon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Signe S Torekov
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charalambos Antoniades
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Elevated ceramides 18:0 and 24:1 with aging are associated with hip fracture risk through increased bone resorption. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:9388-9404. [PMID: 31675352 PMCID: PMC6874435 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We assessed whether circulating ceramides, which play a role in a number of degenerative changes with aging, significantly differed according to fragility hip fracture (HF) status. We also performed a human study using bone marrow (BM) aspirates, directly reflecting the bone microenvironment, in addition to in vitro experiments. Peripheral blood and BM samples were simultaneously collected from 74 patients 65 years or older at hip surgery for either HF (n = 28) or for other causes (n = 46). Ceramides were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Age was correlated positively with circulating C16:0, C18:0, and C24:1 ceramide levels. Patients with fragility HF had 21.3%, 49.5%, 34.3%, and 22.5% higher plasma C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, and C24:1 ceramide levels, respectively, than those without HF. Higher C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, and C24:1 ceramide levels were positively related to bone resorption markers in both blood and BM samples. Furthermore, in vitro studies showed that C18:0 and C24:1 ceramides directly increased osteoclastogenesis, bone resorption, and expression levels of osteoclast differentiation markers. These results suggested that the association of increased ceramides, especially C18:0 and C24:1, with adverse bone phenotypes in elderly people could be explained mainly by the increase in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption.
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Khayrullin A, Krishnan P, Martinez-Nater L, Mendhe B, Fulzele S, Liu Y, Mattison JA, Hamrick MW. Very Long-Chain C24:1 Ceramide Is Increased in Serum Extracellular Vesicles with Aging and Can Induce Senescence in Bone-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8010037. [PMID: 30634626 PMCID: PMC6356348 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, function in cell-to-cell communication through delivery of proteins, lipids and microRNAs to target cells via endocytosis and membrane fusion. These vesicles are enriched in ceramide, a sphingolipid associated with the promotion of cell senescence and apoptosis. We investigated the ceramide profile of serum exosomes from young (24⁻40 yrs.) and older (75⁻90 yrs.) women and young (6⁻10 yrs.) and older (25⁻30 yrs.) rhesus macaques to define the role of circulating ceramides in the aging process. EVs were isolated using size-exclusion chromatography. Proteomic analysis was used to validate known exosome markers from Exocarta and nanoparticle tracking analysis used to characterize particle size and concentration. Specific ceramide species were identified with lipidomic analysis. Results show a significant increase in the average amount of C24:1 ceramide in EVs from older women (15.4 pmol/sample) compared to those from younger women (3.8 pmol/sample). Results were similar in non-human primate serum samples with increased amounts of C24:1 ceramide (9.3 pmol/sample) in older monkeys compared to the younger monkeys (1.8 pmol/sample). In vitro studies showed that primary bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) readily endocytose serum EVs, and serum EVs loaded with C24:1 ceramide can induce BMSC senescence. Elevated ceramide levels have been associated with poor cardiovascular health and memory impairment in older adults. Our data suggest that circulating EVs carrying C24:1 ceramide may contribute directly to cell non-autonomous aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Khayrullin
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, CB1116 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Priyanka Krishnan
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, CB1116 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | | | - Bharati Mendhe
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, CB1116 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Sadanand Fulzele
- School of Medicine, Universidad Central Del Caribe, Bayamon, PR 00960, USA.
| | - Yutao Liu
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, CB1116 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Julie A Mattison
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, CB1116 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Bellini L, Campana M, Mahfouz R, Carlier A, Véret J, Magnan C, Hajduch E, Le Stunff H. Targeting sphingolipid metabolism in the treatment of obesity/type 2 diabetes. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:1037-50. [PMID: 25814122 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1028359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a major factor that is linked to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Excess circulating fatty acids (FAs), which characterize obesity, induce insulin resistance, steatosis, β cells dysfunction and apoptosis. These deleterious effects have been defined as lipotoxicity. AREAS COVERED FAs are metabolized to different lipid species, including ceramides which play a crucial role in lipotoxicity. The action of ceramides on tissues, such as muscle, liver, adipose tissue and pancreatic β cells, during the development of T2D will also be reviewed. In addition, the potential antagonist action of other sphingolipids, namely sphingoid base phosphates, on lipotoxicity in skeletal muscle and β cells will be addressed. EXPERT OPINION Ceramide is a critical mediator to the development of T2D linked to obesity. Targeting proteins involved in ceramide's deleterious action has not been possible due to their involvement in many other intracellular signaling pathways. A possible means of counteracting ceramide action would be to prevent the accumulation of the specific ceramide species involved in both insulin resistance and β-cell apoptosis/dysfunction. Another possibility would be to adjust the dynamic balance between ceramide and sphingoid base phosphate, both known to display opposing properties on the development of T2D-linked obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Bellini
- Université PARIS-DIDEROT (7), Unité Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative - UMR CNRS 8251, Équipe Régulation de la glycémie par le système nerveux central (REGLYS) , 4, rue Marie-Andrée Lagroua Weill-Halle, 75205 PARIS Cedex 13 , France +01 57 27 77 97 ; +01 57 27 77 96 ;
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Kirwan
- Metabolic Translational Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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Quantification of ceramide species in biological samples by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2010; 401:154-61. [PMID: 20178771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We present an optimized and validated liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous measurement of concentrations of different ceramide species in biological samples. The method of analysis of tissue samples is based on Bligh and Dyer extraction, reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography separation, and multiple reaction monitoring of ceramides. Preparation of plasma samples also requires isolation of sphingolipids by silica gel column chromatography prior to LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. The limits of quantification were in a range of 0.01-0.50ng/ml for distinct ceramides. The method was reliable for inter- and intraassay precision, accuracy, and linearity. Recoveries of ceramide subspecies from human plasma, rat liver, and muscle tissue were 78 to 91%, 70 to 99%, and 71 to 95%, respectively. The separation and quantification of several endogenous long-chain and very-long-chain ceramides using two nonphysiological odd chain ceramide (C17 and C25) internal standards was achieved within a single 21-min chromatographic run. The technique was applied to quantify distinct ceramide species in different rat tissues (muscle, liver, and heart) and in human plasma. Using this analytical technique, we demonstrated that a clinical exercise training intervention reduces the levels of ceramides in plasma of obese adults. This technique could be extended for quantification of other ceramides and sphingolipids with no significant modification.
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Washino Y, Koga E, Kitamura Y, Kamikawa C, Kobayashi K, Nakagawa T, Nakazaki C, Ichi I, Kojo S. Effect of Celecoxib, a Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor on Carbon Tetrachloride Intoxication in Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:707-9. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Washino
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University
| | - Eriko Koga
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University
| | - Yuko Kitamura
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University
| | - Chiaki Kamikawa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University
| | - Keiko Kobayashi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University
| | - Tomoka Nakagawa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University
| | - Chihiro Nakazaki
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University
| | - Ikuyo Ichi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University
| | - Shosuke Kojo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University
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Rathi A, Srivastava AK, Shirwaikar A, Singh Rawat AK, Mehrotra S. Hepatoprotective potential of Fumaria indica Pugsley whole plant extracts, fractions and an isolated alkaloid protopine. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 15:470-477. [PMID: 18164606 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2007.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Revised: 10/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation demonstrates the hepatoprotective potential of 50% ethanolic water extract of whole plant of Fumaria indica and its three fractions viz., hexane, chloroform and butanol against d-galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The hepatoprotection was assessed in terms reduction in histological damage, changes in serum enzymes (SGOT, SGPT, ALP) and metabolites bilirubin, reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (MDA content). Among fractions more than 90% protection was found with butanol fraction in which alkaloid protopine was quantified as highest i.e. about 0.2mg/g by HPTLC. The isolated protopine in doses of 10-20mg p.o. also proved equally effective hepatoprotectants as standard drug silymarine (single dose 25mg p.o.). In general all treatments excluding hexane fraction proved hepatoprotective at par with silymarine (p<or=0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Rathi
- Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India.
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Ichi I, Nakahara K, Fujii K, Iida C, Miyashita Y, Kojo S. Increase of ceramide in the liver and plasma after carbon tetrachloride intoxication in the rat. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2007; 53:53-6. [PMID: 17484380 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.53.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In fulminant hepatic failure, various toxins causing multi-organ failure increase in plasma. As a novel toxin, levels of ceramide, a well-studied lipid mediator of apoptosis, were determined by LC-MS/MS in the liver and plasma of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-intoxicated rats. After 6 h of oral administration of CCl4 (4 mL/kg body weight as a 1:1 mixture of CCl4 and mineral oil) to rats, extensive hepatic failure occurred as evidenced by a severe elevation in plasma AST and ALT. The liver concentration of major ceramide components (C16:0, C24:0, C24:1, C18:0, C22:0, and C24:2 in decreasing order), and the sum of these ceramides increased significantly 2 h after CCl4 intoxication compared to that in the control group given mineral oil. The total ceramide concentration in the plasma was also increased to 4.1 times that in the control 24 h after administration of CCl4. In conclusion, the early increase in liver ceramides may contribute to hepatic cell death and the increase in plasma ceramides during fulminant hepatic failure may cause damage in other organs including the brain and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuyo Ichi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
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Ichi I, Nakahara K, Kiso K, Kojo S. Effect of dietary cholesterol and high fat on ceramide concentration in rat tissues. Nutrition 2007; 23:570-4. [PMID: 17566704 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2007.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Revised: 03/02/2007] [Accepted: 04/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have indicated that plasma sphingomyelin levels and sphingomyelinase activity are risk factors for atherosclerosis. Therefore, it is suggested that ceramides, which are hydrolyzed products of sphingomyelin and a biologically active lipid causing apoptosis in a variety of cells, have an important role in the incidence of atherosclerosis. In this study, we examined whether cholesterol- and fat-enriched diets, which are causes of atherosclerosis, affect ceramide metabolism. In addition, we found a relation among lipid markers of atherosclerosis such as cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and ceramide concentrations. METHODS Male Wistar rats were fed a diet supplemented with 1% cholesterol or 30% high-fat diet for 8 wk. Tissue ceramide levels were analyzed using electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS The major ceramides in plasma and the liver were C24:0 and C24:1. The major ceramides in adipose tissues were C16:0 and C24:0. Therefore, the ceramide composition of the adipose tissues was different from that of plasma and the liver. In addition, total ceramide levels in plasma and the adipose tissues of rats fed cholesterol were higher than those in the control group. CONCLUSION The accumulation of cholesterol caused an increase in ceramides, which might be a new risk factor for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuyo Ichi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan
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Li Z, Srivastava S, Yang X, Mittal S, Norton P, Resau J, Haab B, Chan C. A hierarchical approach employing metabolic and gene expression profiles to identify the pathways that confer cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2007; 1:21. [PMID: 17498300 PMCID: PMC1885270 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-1-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Free fatty acids (FFA) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many obesity-related metabolic disorders. When human hepatoblastoma cells (HepG2) were exposed to different types of FFA and TNF-alpha, saturated fatty acid was found to be cytotoxic and its toxicity was exacerbated by TNF-alpha. In order to identify the processes associated with the toxicity of saturated FFA and TNF-alpha, the metabolic and gene expression profiles were measured to characterize the cellular states. A computational model was developed to integrate these disparate data to reveal the underlying pathways and mechanisms involved in saturated fatty acid toxicity. RESULTS A hierarchical framework consisting of three stages was developed to identify the processes and genes that regulate the toxicity. First, discriminant analysis identified that fatty acid oxidation and intracellular triglyceride accumulation were the most relevant in differentiating the cytotoxic phenotype. Second, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was applied to the cDNA microarray data to identify the transcriptionally altered pathways and processes. Finally, the genes and gene sets that regulate the metabolic responses identified in step 1 were identified by integrating the expression of the enriched gene sets and the metabolic profiles with a multi-block partial least squares (MBPLS) regression model. CONCLUSION The hierarchical approach suggested potential mechanisms involved in mediating the cytotoxic and cytoprotective pathways, as well as identified novel targets, such as NADH dehydrogenases, aldehyde dehydrogenases 1A1 (ALDH1A1) and endothelial membrane protein 3 (EMP3) as modulator of the toxic phenotypes. These predictions, as well as, some specific targets that were suggested by the analysis were experimentally validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Shireesh Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Xuerui Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sheenu Mittal
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Paul Norton
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - James Resau
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Brian Haab
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Christina Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Srivastava S, Chan C. Hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals mediate palmitate-induced cytotoxicity to hepatoma cells: relation to mitochondrial permeability transition. Free Radic Res 2007; 41:38-49. [PMID: 17164177 DOI: 10.1080/10715760600943900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
We studied the toxicological responses of a human hepatoblastoma cell line (HepG2/C3A) to various free fatty acids (FFA) in order to identify the relation between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT). Exposure to the saturated FFA, palmitate, led to a time-dependent ROS production and hydrogen peroxide release as well as a loss of mitochondrial potential. The cytotoxicity of palmitate was significantly reduced by treating with scavengers of hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical and the spin trap alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butyl nitrone (POBN). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimics, nitric oxide scavenger, and inhibitor of de novo ceramide synthesis had no effect on the toxicity. MPT-inhibitor, cyclosporine, prevented the loss of mitochondrial potential but did not reduce the cytotoxicity. In contrast, inhibiting mitochondrial complexes I and III reduced the early potential loss and the cytotoxicity. These results suggest that palmitate-cytotoxicity to hepatoma cells is mediated through the production of H2O2 and *OH and independent of MPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireesh Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Ichi I, Nakahara K, Miyashita Y, Hidaka A, Kutsukake S, Inoue K, Maruyama T, Miwa Y, Harada-Shiba M, Tsushima M, Kojo S. Association of ceramides in human plasma with risk factors of atherosclerosis. Lipids 2007; 41:859-63. [PMID: 17152923 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-006-5041-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disorder. Recent studies indicate that the plasma level of sphingomyelin, which yields ceramide, correlates with the risk of coronary heart disease. Therefore, ceramide, a well-known lipid causing apoptosis in various cell types, may contribute to atherogenesis. We examined the relationship between ceramide concentration and risk factors of atherosclerosis in normal human plasma using electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Major ceramides in human plasma were C24:0 and C24:1. The ceramide concentration showed a significant positive correlation with total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG). In addition, plasma ceramide level increased drastically at a high level of LDL cholesterol (more than 170 mg/dL). Our previous studies demonstrated that the sum of fragmented and conjugated apolipoprotein B-100 proteins (B-ox), which were products of a radical reaction of LDL as well as plasma, was a reliable index of atherosclerosis. B-ox showed a significant positive correlation with the plasma ceramide level. Based on these results, we propose that the ceramide level in human plasma is a risk factor at the early stages of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuyo Ichi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
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Nishioka H, Kishioka T, Iida C, Fujii K, Ichi I, Kojo S. Activation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) during D-galactosamine intoxication in the rat liver. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:3019-22. [PMID: 16530410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2005] [Revised: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A significant increase in plasma glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase was observed 6 h after intraperitoneal administration of D-galactosamine (D-Galn). Three hours after administration of D-Galn, the vitamin C concentration in the liver decreased significantly compared to that in a control group and thereafter the hepatic vitamin C concentration remained at a significantly lower level. Phosphorylated JNK (c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase) and phosphorylated ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) started increasing 3 h after D-Galn treatment and remained at a high level for 6-12 h after the treatment, while phosphorylated p38 MAPK increased significantly 6 h after D-Galn administration. These results indicated that oxidative stress and the activation of JNK and ERK took place almost simultaneously, followed by the activation of p38 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Nishioka
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2005; 40:129-140. [PMID: 15672451 DOI: 10.1002/jms.799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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