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Saha A, Pushpa, Moitra S, Basak D, Brahma S, Mondal D, Molla SH, Samadder A, Nandi S. Targeting Cysteine Proteases and their Inhibitors to Combat Trypanosomiasis. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2135-2169. [PMID: 37340748 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230619160509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trypanosomiasis, caused by protozoan parasites of the Trypanosoma genus, remains a significant health burden in several regions of the world. Cysteine proteases play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Trypanosoma parasites and have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for the development of novel antiparasitic drugs. INTRODUCTION This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of cysteine proteases in trypanosomiasis and their potential as therapeutic targets. We discuss the biological significance of cysteine proteases in Trypanosoma parasites and their involvement in essential processes, such as host immune evasion, cell invasion, and nutrient acquisition. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies and research articles on the role of cysteine proteases and their inhibitors in trypanosomiasis. The selected studies were critically analyzed to extract key findings and provide a comprehensive overview of the topic. RESULTS Cysteine proteases, such as cruzipain, TbCatB and TbCatL, have been identified as promising therapeutic targets due to their essential roles in Trypanosoma pathogenesis. Several small molecule inhibitors and peptidomimetics have been developed to target these proteases and have shown promising activity in preclinical studies. CONCLUSION Targeting cysteine proteases and their inhibitors holds great potential for the development of novel antiparasitic drugs against trypanosomiasis. The identification of potent and selective cysteine protease inhibitors could significantly contribute to the combat against trypanosomiasis and improve the prospects for the treatment of this neglected tropical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloke Saha
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Pushpa
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Susmita Moitra
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Deblina Basak
- Endocrinology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Sayandeep Brahma
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Dipu Mondal
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Sabir Hossen Molla
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Asmita Samadder
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Sisir Nandi
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Veer Madho Singh Bhandari Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur, 244713, India
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Shen PC, Huang SH, Liu ZM, Lu CC, Chou SH, Tien YC. Suramin ameliorates osteoarthritis by acting on the Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways in chondrocytes and promoting M2 polarization in macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110295. [PMID: 37182454 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA)-the most prevalent of arthritis diseases-is a complicated pathogenesis caused by cartilage degeneration and synovial inflammation. Suramin has been reported to enhance chondrogenic differentiation. However, the therapeutic effect of suramin on OA-induced cartilage destruction has remained unclear. Suramin is an anti-parasitic drug that has potent anti-purinergic properties. This study investigated the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of suramin on articular cartilage degradation using an in vitro study and mice model with post-traumatic OA. We found that suramin markedly suppressed the IL-1β increased expression of matrix destruction proteases-such as ADAMT4, ADAMTS5, MMP3, MMP13, and inflammatory mediators-including the iNOS, COX2, TNFα, and IL-1β; while greatly enhancing the synthesis of cartilage anabolic factors-such as COL2A1, Aggrecan and SOX9 in IL-1β-induced porcine chondrocytes. In vivo experiments showed that intra-articular injection of suramin ameliorated cartilage degeneration and inhibited synovial inflammation in an anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-induced OA mouse model. In mechanistic studies, we found that exogenous supplementation of suramin can activate Nrf2, and accordingly inhibit the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF- κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, thereby alleviating the inflammation and ECM degeneration of chondrocytes stimulated by IL-1β. In addition, suramin also repolarized M1 macrophages to the M2 phenotype, further reducing the apoptosis of chondrocytes. Collectively, the results of the study suggests that suramin is a potential drugs which could serve as a facilitating drug for the application of OA therapy toward clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chih Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medical School, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hao Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Miao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chang Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medical School, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiang Chou
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chun Tien
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medical School, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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3
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Previti S, Ettari R, Di Chio C, Legac J, Bogacz M, Zimmer C, Schirmeister T, Rosenthal PJ, Zappalà M. Influence of amino acid size at the P3 position of N-Cbz-tripeptide Michael acceptors targeting falcipain-2 and rhodesain for the treatment of malaria and human african trypanosomiasis. Bioorg Chem 2023; 137:106587. [PMID: 37163812 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, several structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies provided potent inhibitors of the cysteine proteases falcipain-2 (FP-2) and rhodesain (RD) from Plasmodium falciparum and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, respectively. Whilst the roles of the warhead and residues targeting the P1 and P2 pockets of the proteases were extensively investigated, the roles of the amino acids occupying the S3 pocket were not widely assessed. Herein we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a set of novel Michael acceptors bearing amino acids of increasing size at the P3 site (1a-g/2a-g, SPR20-SPR33) against FP-2, RD, P. falciparum, and T. brucei. Overall, the Michael acceptors bearing small amino acids at the P3 site exhibited the most potent inhibitory properties towards FP-2. In contrast, analogues with bulky residues at the P3 position were very potent rhodesain inhibitors. In cell based assays, single-digit micromolar EC50 values against the two protozoa were observed. These findings can be a starting point for the development of peptide-based FP-2 and RD inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santo Previti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Roberta Ettari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Carla Di Chio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Jenny Legac
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Marta Bogacz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Collin Zimmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Philip J Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Maria Zappalà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Gaona-López C, Vazquez-Jimenez LK, Gonzalez-Gonzalez A, Delgado-Maldonado T, Ortiz-Pérez E, Nogueda-Torres B, Moreno-Rodríguez A, Vázquez K, Saavedra E, Rivera G. Advances in Protozoan Epigenetic Targets and Their Inhibitors for the Development of New Potential Drugs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040543. [PMID: 37111300 PMCID: PMC10143871 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Protozoan parasite diseases cause significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Factors such as climate change, extreme poverty, migration, and a lack of life opportunities lead to the propagation of diseases classified as tropical or non-endemic. Although there are several drugs to combat parasitic diseases, strains resistant to routinely used drugs have been reported. In addition, many first-line drugs have adverse effects ranging from mild to severe, including potential carcinogenic effects. Therefore, new lead compounds are needed to combat these parasites. Although little has been studied regarding the epigenetic mechanisms in lower eukaryotes, it is believed that epigenetics plays an essential role in vital aspects of the organism, from controlling the life cycle to the expression of genes involved in pathogenicity. Therefore, using epigenetic targets to combat these parasites is foreseen as an area with great potential for development. This review summarizes the main known epigenetic mechanisms and their potential as therapeutics for a group of medically important protozoal parasites. Different epigenetic mechanisms are discussed, highlighting those that can be used for drug repositioning, such as histone post-translational modifications (HPTMs). Exclusive parasite targets are also emphasized, including the base J and DNA 6 mA. These two categories have the greatest potential for developing drugs to treat or eradicate these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gaona-López
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Lenci K Vazquez-Jimenez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Alonzo Gonzalez-Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Timoteo Delgado-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Eyrá Ortiz-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Nogueda-Torres
- Departamento de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Adriana Moreno-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Estudios Epidemiológicos, Clínicos, Diseños Experimentales e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma "Benito Juárez" de Oaxaca, Avenida Universidad S/N, Ex Hacienda Cinco Señores, Oaxaca 68120, Mexico
| | - Karina Vázquez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Francisco Villa 20, General Escobedo 66054, Mexico
| | - Emma Saavedra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Gildardo Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
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Previti S, Ettari R, Di Chio C, Ravichandran R, Bogacz M, Hellmich UA, Schirmeister T, Cosconati S, Zappalà M. Development of Reduced Peptide Bond Pseudopeptide Michael Acceptors for the Treatment of Human African Trypanosomiasis. Molecules 2022; 27:3765. [PMID: 35744891 PMCID: PMC9229991 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is an endemic protozoan disease widespread in the sub-Saharan region that is caused by T. b. gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense. The development of molecules targeting rhodesain, the main cysteine protease of T. b. rhodesiense, has led to a panel of inhibitors endowed with micro/sub-micromolar activity towards the protozoa. However, whilst impressive binding affinity against rhodesain has been observed, the limited selectivity towards the target still remains a hard challenge for the development of antitrypanosomal agents. In this paper, we report the synthesis, biological evaluation, as well as docking studies of a series of reduced peptide bond pseudopeptide Michael acceptors (SPR10-SPR19) as potential anti-HAT agents. The new molecules show Ki values in the low-micro/sub-micromolar range against rhodesain, coupled with k2nd values between 1314 and 6950 M-1 min-1. With a few exceptions, an appreciable selectivity over human cathepsin L was observed. In in vitro assays against T. b. brucei cultures, SPR16 and SPR18 exhibited single-digit micromolar activity against the protozoa, comparable to those reported for very potent rhodesain inhibitors, while no significant cytotoxicity up to 70 µM towards mammalian cells was observed. The discrepancy between rhodesain inhibition and the antitrypanosomal effect could suggest additional mechanisms of action. The biological characterization of peptide inhibitor SPR34 highlights the essential role played by the reduced bond for the antitrypanosomal effect. Overall, this series of molecules could represent the starting point for further investigations of reduced peptide bond-containing analogs as potential anti-HAT agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santo Previti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.E.); (C.D.C.)
| | - Roberta Ettari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.E.); (C.D.C.)
| | - Carla Di Chio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.E.); (C.D.C.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Rahul Ravichandran
- DiSTABiF, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (R.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Marta Bogacz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.B.); (U.A.H.)
| | - Ute A. Hellmich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.B.); (U.A.H.)
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max von Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Sandro Cosconati
- DiSTABiF, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (R.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Maria Zappalà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.E.); (C.D.C.)
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Jung S, Fuchs N, Grathwol C, Hellmich UA, Wagner A, Diehl E, Willmes T, Sotriffer C, Schirmeister T. New peptidomimetic rhodesain inhibitors with improved selectivity towards human cathepsins. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114460. [PMID: 35597010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic cysteine proteases such as rhodesain (TbCatL) from Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense are relevant targets for developing new potential drugs against parasitic diseases (e. g. Human African Trypanosomiasis). Designing selective inhibitors for parasitic cathepsins can be challenging as they share high structural similarities with human cathepsins. In this paper, we describe the development of novel peptidomimetic rhodesain inhibitors by applying a structure-based de novo design approach and molecular docking protocols. The inhibitors with a new scaffold in P2 and P3 position display high selectivity towards trypanosomal rhodesain over human cathepsins L and B and high antitrypanosomal activity. Vinylsulfonate 2a has emerged as a potent rhodesain inhibitor (k2nd = 883 • 103 M-1 s-1) with single-digit nanomolar binding affinity (Ki = 9 nM) and more than 150-fold selectivity towards human cathepsins and it thus constitutes an interesting starting compound for the further development of selective drugs against Human African Trypanosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudingerweg 5, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Natalie Fuchs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudingerweg 5, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Christoph Grathwol
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Ute A Hellmich
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, Johannes Gutenberg University, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, Mainz, 55128, Germany; Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, Frankfurt, 60438, Germany
| | - Annika Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, Johannes Gutenberg University, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Erika Diehl
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, Johannes Gutenberg University, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Thomas Willmes
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Christoph Sotriffer
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudingerweg 5, Mainz, 55128, Germany.
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Development of novel dipeptide nitriles as inhibitors of rhodesain of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 236:114328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Nowak MG, Skwarecki AS, Milewska MJ. Amino Acid Based Antimicrobial Agents - Synthesis and Properties. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3513-3544. [PMID: 34596961 PMCID: PMC9293202 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Structures of several dozen of known antibacterial, antifungal or antiprotozoal agents are based on the amino acid scaffold. In most of them, the amino acid skeleton is of a crucial importance for their antimicrobial activity, since very often they are structural analogs of amino acid intermediates of different microbial biosynthetic pathways. Particularly, some aminophosphonate or aminoboronate analogs of protein amino acids are effective enzyme inhibitors, as structural mimics of tetrahedral transition state intermediates. Synthesis of amino acid antimicrobials is a particular challenge, especially in terms of the need for enantioselective methods, including the asymmetric synthesis. All these issues are addressed in this review, summing up the current state‐of‐the‐art and presenting perspectives fur further progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał G Nowak
- Department of Organic Chemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrzej S Skwarecki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maria J Milewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
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9
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Cysteine proteases as potential targets for anti-trypanosomatid drug discovery. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 46:116365. [PMID: 34419821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis are endemic neglected disease in South America and Africa and considered a significant public health problem, mainly in poor communities. The limitations of the current available therapeutic options, including the lack of specificity, relatively high toxicity, and the drug resistance acquiring, drive the constant search for new targets and therapeutic options. Advances in knowledge of parasite biology have revealed essential enzymes involved in the replication, survival, and pathogenicity of Leishmania and Trypanosoma species. In this scenario, cysteine proteases have drawn the attention of researchers and they are being proposed as promising targets for drug discovery of antiprotozoal drugs. In this systematic review, we will provide an update on drug discovery strategies targeting the cysteine proteases as potential targets for chemotherapy against protozoal neglected diseases.
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Jung S, Fuchs N, Johe P, Wagner A, Diehl E, Yuliani T, Zimmer C, Barthels F, Zimmermann RA, Klein P, Waigel W, Meyr J, Opatz T, Tenzer S, Distler U, Räder HJ, Kersten C, Engels B, Hellmich UA, Klein J, Schirmeister T. Fluorovinylsulfones and -Sulfonates as Potent Covalent Reversible Inhibitors of the Trypanosomal Cysteine Protease Rhodesain: Structure-Activity Relationship, Inhibition Mechanism, Metabolism, and In Vivo Studies. J Med Chem 2021; 64:12322-12358. [PMID: 34378914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rhodesain is a major cysteine protease of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, a pathogen causing Human African Trypanosomiasis, and a validated drug target. Recently, we reported the development of α-halovinylsulfones as a new class of covalent reversible cysteine protease inhibitors. Here, α-fluorovinylsulfones/-sulfonates were optimized for rhodesain based on molecular modeling approaches. 2d, the most potent and selective inhibitor in the series, shows a single-digit nanomolar affinity and high selectivity toward mammalian cathepsins B and L. Enzymatic dilution assays and MS experiments indicate that 2d is a slow-tight binder (Ki = 3 nM). Furthermore, the nonfluorinated 2d-(H) shows favorable metabolism and biodistribution by accumulation in mice brain tissue after intraperitoneal and oral administration. The highest antitrypanosomal activity was observed for inhibitors with an N-terminal 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine group and a 4-Me-Phe residue in P2 (2e/4e) with nanomolar EC50 values (0.14/0.80 μM). The different mechanisms of reversible and irreversible inhibitors were explained using QM/MM calculations and MD simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (IPBS), Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Natalie Fuchs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (IPBS), Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Patrick Johe
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (IPBS), Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Annika Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, Johannes Gutenberg University, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Erika Diehl
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, Johannes Gutenberg University, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tri Yuliani
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60439 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Collin Zimmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (IPBS), Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabian Barthels
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (IPBS), Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Robert A Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (IPBS), Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp Klein
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Waldemar Waigel
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Meyr
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ute Distler
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Räder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Kersten
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (IPBS), Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ute A Hellmich
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, Johannes Gutenberg University, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jochen Klein
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60439 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (IPBS), Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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11
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Maiorana S, Ettari R, Previti S, Amendola G, Wagner A, Cosconati S, Hellmich UA, Schirmeister T, Zappalà M. Peptidyl Vinyl Ketone Irreversible Inhibitors of Rhodesain: Modifications of the P2 Fragment. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1552-1561. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santina Maiorana
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Viale Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
| | - Roberta Ettari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Viale Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
| | - Santo Previti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Viale Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
| | - Giorgio Amendola
- DiSTABiFUniversity of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli Via Vivaldi 43 81100 Caserta Italy
| | - Annika Wagner
- Department Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ) Max von Laue Str. 9 60438 Frankfurt Germany
- Department of Chemistry Section BiochemistryUniversity of Mainz Johann-Joachim-Becherweg 30 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Sandro Cosconati
- DiSTABiFUniversity of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli Via Vivaldi 43 81100 Caserta Italy
| | - Ute A. Hellmich
- Department Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ) Max von Laue Str. 9 60438 Frankfurt Germany
- Department of Chemistry Section BiochemistryUniversity of Mainz Johann-Joachim-Becherweg 30 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Mainz Staudingerweg 5 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Maria Zappalà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Viale Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
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12
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Di Chio C, Previti S, Amendola G, Cosconati S, Schirmeister T, Zappalà M, Ettari R. Development of Novel Benzodiazepine‐Based Peptidomimetics as Inhibitors of Rhodesain from
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:995-1001. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Di Chio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Viale Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
| | - Santo Previti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Viale Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
| | - Giorgio Amendola
- DiSTABiFUniversity of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli Via Vivaldi 43 81100 Caserta Italy
| | - Sandro Cosconati
- DiSTABiFUniversity of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli Via Vivaldi 43 81100 Caserta Italy
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Mainz Staudingerweg 5 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Maria Zappalà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Viale Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
| | - Roberta Ettari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Viale Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
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13
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New Cysteine Protease Inhibitors: Electrophilic (Het)arenes and Unexpected Prodrug Identification for the Trypanosoma Protease Rhodesain. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061451. [PMID: 32210166 PMCID: PMC7145299 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrophilic (het)arenes can undergo reactions with nucleophiles yielding π- or Meisenheimer (σ-) complexes or the products of the SNAr addition/elimination reactions. Such building blocks have only rarely been employed for the design of enzyme inhibitors. Herein, we demonstrate the combination of a peptidic recognition sequence with such electrophilic (het)arenes to generate highly active inhibitors of disease-relevant proteases. We further elucidate an unexpected mode of action for the trypanosomal protease rhodesain using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, enzyme kinetics and various types of simulations. After hydrolysis of an ester function in the recognition sequence of a weakly active prodrug inhibitor, the liberated carboxylic acid represents a highly potent inhibitor of rhodesain (Ki = 4.0 nM). The simulations indicate that, after the cleavage of the ester, the carboxylic acid leaves the active site and re-binds to the enzyme in an orientation that allows the formation of a very stable π-complex between the catalytic dyad (Cys-25/His-162) of rhodesain and the electrophilic aromatic moiety. The reversible inhibition mode results because the SNAr reaction, which is found in an alkaline solvent containing a low molecular weight thiol, is hindered within the enzyme due to the presence of the positively charged imidazolium ring of His-162. Comparisons between measured and calculated NMR shifts support this interpretation.
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14
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Abstract
Suramin is 100 years old and is still being used to treat the first stage of acute human sleeping sickness, caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense Suramin is a multifunctional molecule with a wide array of potential applications, from parasitic and viral diseases to cancer, snakebite, and autism. Suramin is also an enigmatic molecule: What are its targets? How does it get into cells in the first place? Here, we provide an overview of the many different candidate targets of suramin and discuss its modes of action and routes of cellular uptake. We reason that, once the polypharmacology of suramin is understood at the molecular level, new, more specific, and less toxic molecules can be identified for the numerous potential applications of suramin.
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15
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Ettari R, Previti S, Maiorana S, Amendola G, Wagner A, Cosconati S, Schirmeister T, Hellmich UA, Zappalà M. Optimization Strategy of Novel Peptide-Based Michael Acceptors for the Treatment of Human African Trypanosomiasis. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10617-10629. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ettari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Santo Previti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Santina Maiorana
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giorgio Amendola
- DiSTABiF, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Annika Wagner
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Max von Laue Str. 9, Frankfurt DE 60438, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becherweg 30, Mainz DE 55128, Germany
| | - Sandro Cosconati
- DiSTABiF, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, Mainz DE 55128, Germany
| | - Ute A. Hellmich
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Max von Laue Str. 9, Frankfurt DE 60438, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becherweg 30, Mainz DE 55128, Germany
| | - Maria Zappalà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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16
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Carramiñana V, Ochoa de Retana AM, de Los Santos JM, Palacios F. First synthesis of merged hybrids phosphorylated azirino[2,1-b]benzo[e][1,3]oxazine derivatives as anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 185:111771. [PMID: 31671309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This work describes a straightforward diastereoselective synthetic access to azirino[2,1-b]benzo[e][1,3]oxazines containing phosphorus substituents such as phosphonate or phosphine oxide, by means of nucleophilic addition of functionalized phenols to the C-N double bond of 2H-azirine derivatives. In addition, the cytotoxic effect on cell lines derived from human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and human embryonic kidney (HEK293) was also screened. Some azirino[2,1-b]benzo[e][1,3]oxazines 4 and 6 exhibited very good activity against the A549 cell line in vitro. Furthermore, selectivity towards cancer cell (A549) over (HEK293), and non-malignant cells (MCR-5) has been detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Carramiñana
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Ana M Ochoa de Retana
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Jesús M de Los Santos
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria, Spain.
| | - Francisco Palacios
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria, Spain.
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17
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Ward DJ, Van de Langemheen H, Koehne E, Kreidenweiss A, Liskamp RMJ. Highly tunable thiosulfonates as a novel class of cysteine protease inhibitors with anti-parasitic activity against Schistosoma mansoni. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:2857-2870. [PMID: 31126821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of a new class of cysteine protease inhibitors utilising the thiosulfonate moiety as an SH specific electrophile is described. This moiety has been introduced into suitable amino acid derived building blocks, which were incorporated into peptidic sequences leading to very potent i.e. sub micromolar inhibitors of the cysteine protease papain in the same range as the vinyl sulfone based inhibitor K11777. Therefore, their inhibitory effect on Schistosoma mansoni, a human blood parasite, that expresses several cysteine proteases, was evaluated. The homophenylalanine side chain containing compounds 27-30 and especially 36 showed promising activities compared with K11777 and warrant further investigations of these peptidic thiosulfonate inhibitors as new potential anti-parasitic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Ward
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - H Van de Langemheen
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - E Koehne
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Kreidenweiss
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - R M J Liskamp
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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18
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Hernandez HW, Soeung M, Zorn KM, Ashoura N, Mottin M, Andrade CH, Caffrey CR, de Siqueira-Neto JL, Ekins S. High Throughput and Computational Repurposing for Neglected Diseases. Pharm Res 2018; 36:27. [PMID: 30560386 PMCID: PMC6792295 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) represent are a heterogeneous group of communicable diseases that are found within the poorest populations of the world. There are 23 NTDs that have been prioritized by the World Health Organization, which are endemic in 149 countries and affect more than 1.4 billion people, costing these developing economies billions of dollars annually. The NTDs result from four different causative pathogens: protozoa, bacteria, helminth and virus. The majority of the diseases lack effective treatments. Therefore, new therapeutics for NTDs are desperately needed. Methods We describe various high throughput screening and computational approaches that have been performed in recent years. We have collated the molecules identified in these studies and calculated molecular properties. Results Numerous global repurposing efforts have yielded some promising compounds for various neglected tropical diseases. These compounds when analyzed as one would expect appear drug-like. Several large datasets are also now in the public domain and this enables machine learning models to be constructed that then facilitate the discovery of new molecules for these pathogens. Conclusions In the space of a few years many groups have either performed experimental or computational repurposing high throughput screens against neglected diseases. These have identified compounds which in many cases are already approved drugs. Such approaches perhaps offer a more efficient way to develop treatments which are generally not a focus for global pharmaceutical companies because of the economics or the lack of a viable market. Other diseases could perhaps benefit from these repurposing approaches. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11095-018-2558-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melinda Soeung
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kimberley M Zorn
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606, USA
| | | | - Melina Mottin
- LabMol - Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade Federal de Goias - UFG, Goiânia, GO, 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Carolina Horta Andrade
- LabMol - Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade Federal de Goias - UFG, Goiânia, GO, 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Conor R Caffrey
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, 92093, USA
| | - Jair Lage de Siqueira-Neto
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, 92093, USA
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606, USA.
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19
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Şen B, Sevincek R, Beksultanova N, Dogan Ö. Synthesis, structural characterization, DFT calculations and Hirshfeld surface analysis of (R)-2-((S)-2((S)-hydroxy(ferrocenyl)methyl)aziridin-1yl)butan-1-ol. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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Fey P, Chartomatsidou R, Kiefer W, Mottram JC, Kersten C, Schirmeister T. New aziridine-based inhibitors of cathepsin L-like cysteine proteases with selectivity for the Leishmania cysteine protease LmCPB2.8. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 156:587-597. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Angyal A, Demjén A, Wéber E, Kovács AK, Wölfling J, Puskás LG, Kanizsai I. Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Diastereoselective Synthesis of Multisubstituted N-Acylaziridine-2-carboxamides from 2H-Azirines via Joullié–Ugi Three-Component Reaction. J Org Chem 2018; 83:3570-3581. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anikó Angyal
- AVIDIN Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - András Demjén
- AVIDIN Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Edit Wéber
- SZTE-MTA Lendület Foldamer Research Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, Somogyi u. 4, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Anita K. Kovács
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - János Wölfling
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | | | - Iván Kanizsai
- AVIDIN Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
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22
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Previti S, Ettari R, Cosconati S, Amendola G, Chouchene K, Wagner A, Hellmich UA, Ulrich K, Krauth-Siegel RL, Wich PR, Schmid I, Schirmeister T, Gut J, Rosenthal PJ, Grasso S, Zappalà M. Development of Novel Peptide-Based Michael Acceptors Targeting Rhodesain and Falcipain-2 for the Treatment of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). J Med Chem 2017; 60:6911-6923. [PMID: 28763614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of a class of peptide-based inhibitors as novel antitrypanosomal and antimalarial agents. The inhibitors are based on a characteristic peptide sequence for the inhibition of the cysteine proteases rhodesain of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and falcipain-2 of Plasmodium falciparum. We exploited the reactivity of novel unsaturated electrophilic functions such as vinyl-sulfones, -ketones, -esters, and -nitriles. The Michael acceptors inhibited both rhodesain and falcipain-2, at nanomolar and micromolar levels, respectively. In particular, the vinyl ketone 3b has emerged as a potent rhodesain inhibitor (k2nd = 67 × 106 M-1 min-1), endowed with a picomolar binding affinity (Ki = 38 pM), coupled with a single-digit micromolar activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei (EC50 = 2.97 μM), thus being considered as a novel lead compound for the discovery of novel effective antitrypanosomal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santo Previti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Ettari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Sandro Cosconati
- DiSTABiF, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli , Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Giorgio Amendola
- DiSTABiF, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli , Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Khawla Chouchene
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles UR/11-ES-74, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax , Route de l'aeroport, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Annika Wagner
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz , Johann-Joachim-Becherweg 30, DE 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, DE 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ute A Hellmich
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz , Johann-Joachim-Becherweg 30, DE 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, DE 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kathrin Ulrich
- Biochemistry Center, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, DE 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Luise Krauth-Siegel
- Biochemistry Center, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, DE 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter R Wich
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz , Staudingerweg 5, DE 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ira Schmid
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz , Staudingerweg 5, DE 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz , Staudingerweg 5, DE 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jiri Gut
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California , 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, California 94110, United States
| | - Philip J Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California , 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, California 94110, United States
| | - Silvana Grasso
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Zappalà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina , Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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23
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Steverding D, da Nóbrega FR, Rushworth SA, de Sousa DP. Trypanocidal and cysteine protease inhibitory activity of isopentyl caffeate is not linked in Trypanosoma brucei. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:4397-4403. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5227-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Ettari R, Previti S, Cosconati S, Maiorana S, Schirmeister T, Grasso S, Zappalà M. Development of novel 1,4-benzodiazepine-based Michael acceptors as antitrypanosomal agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3453-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Development of a New Antileishmanial Aziridine-2,3-Dicarboxylate-Based Inhibitor with High Selectivity for Parasite Cysteine Proteases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 60:797-805. [PMID: 26596939 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00426-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is one of the major neglected tropical diseases of the world. Druggable targets are the parasite cysteine proteases (CPs) of clan CA, family C1 (CAC1). In previous studies, we identified two peptidomimetic compounds, the aziridine-2,3-dicarboxylate compounds 13b and 13e, in a series of inhibitors of the cathepsin L (CL) subfamily of the papain clan CAC1. Both displayed antileishmanial activity in vitro while not showing cytotoxicity against host cells. In further investigations, the mode of action was characterized in Leishmania major. It was demonstrated that aziridines 13b and 13e mainly inhibited the parasitic cathepsin B (CB)-like CPC enzyme and, additionally, mammalian CL. Although these compounds induced cell death of Leishmania promastigotes and amastigotes in vitro, the induction of a proleishmanial T helper type 2 (Th2) response caused by host CL inhibition was observed in vivo. Therefore, we describe here the synthesis of a new library of more selective peptidomimetic aziridine-2,3-dicarboxylates discriminating between host and parasite CPs. The new compounds are based on 13b and 13e as lead structures. One of the most promising compounds of this series is compound s9, showing selective inhibition of the parasite CPs LmaCatB (a CB-like enzyme of L. major; also named L. major CPC) and LmCPB2.8 (a CL-like enzyme of Leishmania mexicana) while not affecting mammalian CL and CB. It displayed excellent leishmanicidal activities against L. major promastigotes (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 37.4 μM) and amastigotes (IC50 = 2.3 μM). In summary, we demonstrate a new selective aziridine-2,3-dicarboxylate, compound s9, which might be a good candidate for future in vivo studies.
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26
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Ettari R, Previti S, Cosconati S, Kesselring J, Schirmeister T, Grasso S, Zappalà M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel peptidomimetics as rhodesain inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:1184-91. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1108972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ettari
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Del Farmaco E Dei Prodotti per La Salute, University of Messina, Messina, Italy,
| | - Santo Previti
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Del Farmaco E Dei Prodotti per La Salute, University of Messina, Messina, Italy,
| | | | - Jochen Kesselring
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany, and
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany, and
| | - Silvana Grasso
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Chimiche, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Zappalà
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Del Farmaco E Dei Prodotti per La Salute, University of Messina, Messina, Italy,
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Ettari R, Pinto A, Previti S, Tamborini L, Angelo IC, La Pietra V, Marinelli L, Novellino E, Schirmeister T, Zappalà M, Grasso S, De Micheli C, Conti P. Development of novel dipeptide-like rhodesain inhibitors containing the 3-bromoisoxazoline warhead in a constrained conformation. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:7053-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chemical constituents from Waltheria indica exert in vitro activity against Trypanosoma brucei and T. cruzi. Fitoterapia 2015; 105:55-60. [PMID: 26072041 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Six extracts from the roots and the aerial parts of Waltheria indica L. (Malvaceae) were screened for their in vitro antitrypanosomal activity towards Trypanosoma brucei brucei STIB 427 strain, T. brucei rhodesiense STIB 900 and Trypanosoma cruzi Tulahuen C4. The dichloromethane extract from the roots showed the highest activity against T. cruzi (IC50=0.74 μg/mL) as well as a good selectivity index (SI value of 35). Based on these results, this extract was fractionated and led to the isolation of three alkaloids (adouetin X (1), waltheriones A (2) and C (3)) and three pentacyclic triterpene derivatives (betulinic acid (4), 3β-acetoxy-27-trans-caffeoyloxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid methyl ester (5) and 3β-acetoxy-27-cis-caffeoyloxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid methyl ester (6)) identified by 1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR and MS analyses. Among these, waltherione C exhibited the highest and selective antitrypanosomal activity towards T. cruzi (IC50=1.93 μM) with low cytotoxicity (IC50=101.23 μM), resulting in a selectivity index value of 52. Waltherione C conforms to hit activity criteria with respect to T. cruzi as required by the WHO/TDR.
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Cretton S, Breant L, Pourrez L, Ambuehl C, Marcourt L, Ebrahimi SN, Hamburger M, Perozzo R, Karimou S, Kaiser M, Cuendet M, Christen P. Antitrypanosomal quinoline alkaloids from the roots of Waltheria indica. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:2304-11. [PMID: 25314007 DOI: 10.1021/np5006554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the dichloromethane root extract of Waltheria indica led to the isolation and characterization of 10 quinoline alkaloids, namely, 8-deoxoantidesmone (1), waltheriones E-L (2-9), and antidesmone (10). Among these, compounds 2-9 have not yet been described in the literature. Their chemical structures were established by means of spectroscopic data interpretation including (1)H and (13)C NMR, HSQC, HMBC, COSY, and NOESY experiments and UV, IR, and HRESIMS. The absolute configurations of the compounds were established by comparison of experimental and TDDFT-calculated ECD spectra. In addition, the isolated constituents were evaluated for their in vitro antitrypanosomal activity. Compounds 4, 5, and 8 showed potent and selective growth inhibition toward Trypanosoma cruzi with IC50 values between 0.02 and 0.04 μM. Cytotoxicity for mouse skeletal L-6 cells was also determined for these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvian Cretton
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne , Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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31
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Ettari R, Pinto A, Tamborini L, Angelo IC, Grasso S, Zappalà M, Capodicasa N, Yzeiraj L, Gruber E, Aminake MN, Pradel G, Schirmeister T, De Micheli C, Conti P. Synthesis and biological evaluation of papain-family cathepsin L-like cysteine protease inhibitors containing a 1,4-benzodiazepine scaffold as antiprotozoal agents. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1817-25. [PMID: 24919925 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Novel papain-family cathepsin L-like cysteine protease inhibitors endowed with antitrypanosomal and antimalarial activity were developed, through an optimization study of previously developed inhibitors. In the present work, we studied the structure-activity relationships of these derivatives, with the aim to develop new analogues with a simplified and more synthetically accessible structure and with improved antiparasitic activity. The structure of the model compounds was significantly simplified by modifying or even eliminating the side chain appended at the C3 atom of the benzodiazepine scaffold. In addition, a simple methylene spacer of appropriate length was inserted between the benzodiazepine ring and the 3-bromoisoxazoline moiety. Several rhodesain and falcipain-2 inhibitors displaying single-digit micromolar or sub-micromolar antiparasitic activity against one or both parasites were identified, with activities that were one order of magnitude more potent than the model compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ettari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli, 25, 20133 Milano (Italy).
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Drug discovery and human African trypanosomiasis: a disease less neglected? Future Med Chem 2014; 5:1801-41. [PMID: 24144414 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.13.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) has been neglected for a long time. The most recent drug to treat this disease, eflornithine, was approved by the US FDA in 2000. Current treatments exhibit numerous problematic side effects and are often ineffective against the debilitating CNS resident stage of the disease. Fortunately, several partnerships and initiatives have been formed over the last 20 years in an effort to eradicate HAT, along with a number of other neglected diseases. This has led to an increasing number of foundations and research institutions that are currently working on the development of new drugs for HAT and tools with which to diagnose and treat patients. New biochemical pathways as therapeutic targets are emerging, accompanied by increasing numbers of new antitrypanosomal compound classes. The future looks promising that this collaborative approach will facilitate eagerly awaited breakthroughs in the treatment of HAT.
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Oli S, Abdelmohsen UR, Hentschel U, Schirmeister T. Identification of plakortide E from the Caribbean sponge Plakortis halichondroides as a trypanocidal protease inhibitor using bioactivity-guided fractionation. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:2614-22. [PMID: 24798927 PMCID: PMC4052307 DOI: 10.3390/md12052614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we report new protease inhibitory activity of plakortide E towards cathepsins and cathepsin-like parasitic proteases. We further report on its anti-parasitic activity against Trypanosoma brucei with an IC50 value of 5 μM and without cytotoxic effects against J774.1 macrophages at 100 μM concentration. Plakortide E was isolated from the sponge Plakortis halichondroides using enzyme assay-guided fractionation and identified by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, enzyme kinetic studies confirmed plakortide E as a non-competitive, slowly-binding, reversible inhibitor of rhodesain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarna Oli
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany.
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Botany II, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 3, Würzburg 97082, Germany.
| | - Ute Hentschel
- Department of Botany II, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 3, Würzburg 97082, Germany.
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany.
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Ettari R, Tamborini L, Angelo IC, Grasso S, Schirmeister T, Lo Presti L, De Micheli C, Pinto A, Conti P. Development of Rhodesain Inhibitors with a 3-Bromoisoxazoline Warhead. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:2070-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Walsh CT, O'Brien RV, Khosla C. Nonproteinogenic amino acid building blocks for nonribosomal peptide and hybrid polyketide scaffolds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:7098-124. [PMID: 23729217 PMCID: PMC4634941 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Freestanding nonproteinogenic amino acids have long been recognized for their antimetabolite properties and tendency to be uncovered to reactive functionalities by the catalytic action of target enzymes. By installing them regiospecifically into biogenic peptides and proteins, it may be possible to usher a new era at the interface between small molecule and large molecule medicinal chemistry. Site-selective protein functionalization offers uniquely attractive strategies for posttranslational modification of proteins. Last, but not least, many of the amino acids not selected by nature for protein incorporation offer rich architectural possibilities in the context of ribosomally derived polypeptides. This Review summarizes the biosynthetic routes to and metabolic logic for the major classes of the noncanonical amino acid building blocks that end up in both nonribosomal peptide frameworks and in hybrid nonribosomal peptide-polyketide scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Walsh
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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36
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Bringmann G, Zhang G, Olschläger T, Stich A, Wu J, Chatterjee M, Brun R. Highly selective antiplasmodial naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids from Ancistrocladus tectorius. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 91:220-8. [PMID: 22459968 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids, named ancistectorine A1, N-methylancistectorine A1, ancistectorine A2, 5-epi-ancistectorine A2, ancistectorine A3, ancistectorine B1, and ancistectorine C1, have been isolated from twigs of the Chinese plant Ancistrocladus tectorius. The structural elucidation succeeded by chemical, spectroscopic, and chiroptical methods. Three of these compounds exhibited excellent, and specific, antiplasmodial activities, comparable with that of the as yet most active representative, dioncophylline C. Moreover, the antitumoral activities of two of the main alkaloids in this species was tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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37
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Gaumet V, Denis C, Leal F, Madesclaire M, Zaitsev V. [(2 R,3 R)-3-(4-Nitrophenyl)aziridin-2-yl]methanol monohydrate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2013; 69:o927. [PMID: 23795095 PMCID: PMC3685076 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536813013391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The title monohydrate, C9H10N2O3·H2O, contains an aziridine ring including two contiguous stereocenters, both of which exhibit an R configuration. The methylhydroxy and nitrophenyl groups are cis-disposed about the aziridine ring. The mean plane of the benzene ring is tilted to the aziridine ring by 66.65 (8)°. The nitro group is nearly coplanar with the benzene ring [dihedral angle = 2.5 (2)°]. In the crystal, the components are linked by N—H⋯O, O—H⋯N and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating supramolecular layers parallel to (001).
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38
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Walsh CT, O'Brien RV, Khosla C. Nichtproteinogene Aminosäurebausteine für Peptidgerüste aus nichtribosomalen Peptiden und hybriden Polyketiden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201208344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Ettari R, Tamborini L, Angelo IC, Micale N, Pinto A, De Micheli C, Conti P. Inhibition of Rhodesain as a Novel Therapeutic Modality for Human African Trypanosomiasis. J Med Chem 2013; 56:5637-58. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301424d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ettari
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli
25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Tamborini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli
25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ilenia C. Angelo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del
Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Micale
- Dipartimento di Scienze del
Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli
25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo De Micheli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli
25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Conti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli
25, 20133 Milano, Italy
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40
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Almeida C, Hemberger Y, Schmitt SM, Bouhired S, Natesan L, Kehraus S, Dimas K, Gütschow M, Bringmann G, König GM. Marilines A-C: Novel Phthalimidines from the Sponge-Derived Fungus Stachylidium sp. Chemistry 2012; 18:8827-34. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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41
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Trypanosoma brucei: Chemical evidence that cathepsin L is essential for survival and a relevant drug target. Int J Parasitol 2012; 42:481-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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42
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Assis DM, Gontijo VS, de Oliveira Pereira I, Santos JAN, Camps I, Nagem TJ, Ellena J, Izidoro MA, dos Santos Tersariol IL, de Barros NMT, Doriguetto AC, dos Santos MH, Juliano MA. Inhibition of cysteine proteases by a natural biflavone: behavioral evaluation of fukugetin as papain and cruzain inhibitor. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2012; 28:661-70. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2012.668539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Magno Assis
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo,
São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ihosvany Camps
- Institute of Exact Science, Federal University of Alfenas,
Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Tanus Jorge Nagem
- ICEB-LAPRONA, Federal University of Ouro Preto,
Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Javier Ellena
- Department of Physics and Informatics, Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo,
São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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43
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Johnson TA, Sohn J, Inman WD, Estee SA, Loveridge ST, Vervoort HC, Tenney K, Liu J, Ang KKH, Ratnam J, Bray WM, Gassner NC, Shen YY, Lokey RS, McKerrow JH, Boundy-Mills K, Nukanto A, Kanti A, Julistiono H, Kardono LBS, Bjeldanes LF, Crews P. Natural product libraries to accelerate the high-throughput discovery of therapeutic leads. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:2545-55. [PMID: 22129061 PMCID: PMC3246535 DOI: 10.1021/np200673b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A high-throughput (HT) paradigm generating LC-MS-UV-ELSD-based natural product libraries to discover compounds with new bioactivities and or molecular structures is presented. To validate this methodology, an extract of the Indo-Pacific marine sponge Cacospongia mycofijiensis was evaluated using assays involving cytoskeletal profiling, tumor cell lines, and parasites. Twelve known compounds were identified including latrunculins (1-4, 10), fijianolides (5, 8, 9), mycothiazole (11), aignopsanes (6, 7), and sacrotride A (13). Compounds 1-5 and 8-11 exhibited bioactivity not previously reported against the parasite T. brucei, while 11 showed selectivity for lymphoma (U937) tumor cell lines. Four new compounds were also discovered including aignopsanoic acid B (13), apo-latrunculin T (14), 20-methoxy-fijianolide A (15), and aignopsane ketal (16). Compounds 13 and 16 represent important derivatives of the aignopsane class, 14 exhibited inhibition of T. brucei without disrupting microfilament assembly, and 15 demonstrated modest microtubule-stabilizing effects. The use of removable well plate libraries to avoid false positives from extracts enriched with only one or two major metabolites is also discussed. Overall, these results highlight the advantages of applying modern methods in natural products-based research to accelerate the HT discovery of therapeutic leads and/or new molecular structures using LC-MS-UV-ELSD-based libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A. Johnson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: (831) 459-4280. . Tel: (831) 459-2603.
| | - Johann Sohn
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Wayne D. Inman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Samarkand A. Estee
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Steven T. Loveridge
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Helene C. Vervoort
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Karen Tenney
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Junke Liu
- Eisai Inc., Natural Product Lead Discovery, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Kenny Kean-Hooi Ang
- Sandler Center for Drug Discovery, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94143, United States
| | - Joseline Ratnam
- Sandler Center for Drug Discovery, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94143, United States
| | - Walter M. Bray
- UCSC Chemical Screening Center, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Nadine C. Gassner
- UCSC Chemical Screening Center, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Young Y. Shen
- Eisai Inc., Natural Product Lead Discovery, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - R. Scott Lokey
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
- UCSC Chemical Screening Center, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - James H. McKerrow
- Small Molecule Discovery Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Kyria Boundy-Mills
- Phaff Yeast Culture Collection, Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis California 95616, United States
| | - Arif Nukanto
- Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI), Cibinong, 16911
| | - Atit Kanti
- Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI), Cibinong, 16911
| | - Heddy Julistiono
- Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI), Cibinong, 16911
| | - Leonardus B. S. Kardono
- Indonesia & Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI), Serpong, Tangerang 15310, Indonesia
| | - Leonard F. Bjeldanes
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Phillip Crews
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: (831) 459-4280. . Tel: (831) 459-2603.
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Tabares P, Pimentel-Elardo SM, Schirmeister T, Hünig T, Hentschel U. Anti-protease and immunomodulatory activities of bacteria associated with Caribbean sponges. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 13:883-892. [PMID: 21222136 PMCID: PMC7088305 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-010-9349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Marine sponges and their associated bacteria have been proven to be a rich source of novel secondary metabolites with therapeutic usefulness in cancer, infection, and autoimmunity. In this study, 79 strains belonging to 20 genera of the order Actinomycetales and seven strains belonging to two genera of the order Sphingomonadales were cultivated from 18 different Caribbean sponges and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Seven of these strains are likely to represent novel species. Crude extracts from selected strains were found to exhibit protease inhibition against cathepsins B and L, rhodesain, and falcipain-2 as well as immunomodulatory activities such as induction of cytokine release by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These results highlight the significance of marine sponge-associated bacteria to produce bioactive secondary metabolites with therapeutic potential in the treatment of infectious diseases and disorders of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Tabares
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sheila M. Pimentel-Elardo
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hünig
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacherstr. 7, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ute Hentschel
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
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45
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Caffrey CR, Lima AP, Steverding D. Cysteine peptidases of kinetoplastid parasites. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 712:84-99. [PMID: 21660660 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8414-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
We review Clan CA Family C1 peptidases of kinetoplastid parasites (Trypanosoma and Leishmania) with respect to biochemical and genetic diversity, genomic organization and stage-specificity and control of expression. We discuss their contributions to parasite metabolism, virulence and pathogenesis and modulation of the host's immune response. Their applications as vaccine candidates and diagnostic markers as well as their chemical and genetic validation as drug targets are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor R Caffrey
- Sandler Center for Drug Discovery, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Byers Hall, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
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Pimentel-Elardo SM, Buback V, Gulder TA, Bugni TS, Reppart J, Bringmann G, Ireland CM, Schirmeister T, Hentschel U. New tetromycin derivatives with anti-trypanosomal and protease inhibitory activities. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:1682-1697. [PMID: 22072992 PMCID: PMC3210601 DOI: 10.3390/md9101682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new tetromycin derivatives, tetromycins 1–4 and a previously known one, tetromycin B (5) were isolated from Streptomyces axinellae Pol001T cultivated from the Mediterranean sponge Axinella polypoides. Structures were assigned using extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy as well as HRESIMS analysis. The compounds were tested for antiparasitic activities against Leishmania major and Trypanosoma brucei, and for protease inhibition against several cysteine proteases such as falcipain, rhodesain, cathepsin L, cathepsin B, and viral proteases SARS-CoV Mpro, and PLpro. The compounds showed antiparasitic activities against T. brucei and time-dependent inhibition of cathepsin L-like proteases with Ki values in the low micromolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila M. Pimentel-Elardo
- Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, Würzburg 97082, Germany; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-905-525-9140 (ext. 27334)
| | - Verena Buback
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany; E-Mails: (V.B.); (T.S.)
| | - Tobias A.M. Gulder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany; E-Mails: (T.A.M.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Tim S. Bugni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; E-Mails: (T.S.B.); (J.R.); (C.M.I.)
| | - Jason Reppart
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; E-Mails: (T.S.B.); (J.R.); (C.M.I.)
| | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany; E-Mails: (T.A.M.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Chris M. Ireland
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; E-Mails: (T.S.B.); (J.R.); (C.M.I.)
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany; E-Mails: (V.B.); (T.S.)
| | - Ute Hentschel
- Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, Würzburg 97082, Germany; E-Mail:
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Langolf S, Machon U, Ehlers M, Sicking W, Schirmeister T, Büchhold C, Gelhaus C, Rosenthal PJ, Schmuck C. Development of Antitrypanosomal and Antiplasmodial Nonpeptidic Cysteine Protease Inhibitors based on N-Protected-Guanidino-Furan and -Pyrrole Building Blocks. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:1581-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Goel A, Verma D, Pratap R, Taneja G, Hemberger Y, Knauer M, Raghunandan R, Maulik PR, Ram VJ, Bringmann G. Partially Hydrogenated 7-Oxa[5]helicenes and [5]Helicenes: Synthesis, Structures, and Dynamics. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Loughlin WA, Tyndall JDA, Glenn MP, Hill TA, Fairlie DP. Update 1 of: Beta-Strand Mimetics. Chem Rev 2011; 110:PR32-69. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900395y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy A. Loughlin
- School of Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia, and Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev. 2004, 104 (12), 6085−6117, DOI: 10.1021/cr040648k; Published (Web) Nov. 4, 2004. Updates to the text appear in red type
| | - Joel D. A. Tyndall
- School of Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia, and Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev. 2004, 104 (12), 6085−6117, DOI: 10.1021/cr040648k; Published (Web) Nov. 4, 2004. Updates to the text appear in red type
| | - Matthew P. Glenn
- School of Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia, and Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev. 2004, 104 (12), 6085−6117, DOI: 10.1021/cr040648k; Published (Web) Nov. 4, 2004. Updates to the text appear in red type
| | - Timothy A. Hill
- School of Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia, and Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev. 2004, 104 (12), 6085−6117, DOI: 10.1021/cr040648k; Published (Web) Nov. 4, 2004. Updates to the text appear in red type
| | - David P. Fairlie
- School of Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia, and Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev. 2004, 104 (12), 6085−6117, DOI: 10.1021/cr040648k; Published (Web) Nov. 4, 2004. Updates to the text appear in red type
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Zucca M, Savoia D. Current developments in the therapy of protozoan infections. THE OPEN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL 2011; 5:4-10. [PMID: 21629507 PMCID: PMC3103884 DOI: 10.2174/1874104501105010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Protozoan parasites cause serious human and zoonotic infections, including life-threatening diseases such as malaria, African and American trypanosomiasis, and leishmaniasis. These diseases are no more common in the developed world, but together they still threaten about 40% of the world population (WHO estimates). Mortality and morbidity are high in developing countries, and the lack of vaccines makes chemotherapy the only suitable option. However, available antiparasitic drugs are hampered by more or less marked toxic side effects and by the emergence of drug resistance. As the main prevalence of parasitic diseases occurs in the poorest areas of the world, the interest of the pharmaceutical companies in the development of new drugs has been traditionally scarce. The establishment of public-private partnerships focused on tropical diseases is changing this situation, allowing the exploitation of the technological advances that took place during the past decade related to genomics, proteomics, and in silico drug discovery approaches. These techniques allowed the identification of new molecular targets that in some cases are shared by different parasites. In this review we outline the recent developments in the fields of protease and topoisomerase inhibitors, antimicrobial and cell-penetrating peptides, and RNA interference. We also report on the rapidly developing field of new vectors (micro and nano particles, mesoporous materials) that in some cases can cross host or parasite natural barriers and, by selectively delivering new or already in use drugs to the target site, minimize dosage and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Zucca
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
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