1
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Kovalová A, Prouza V, Zavřel M, Hájek M, Dzijak R, Magdolenová A, Pohl R, Voburka Z, Parkan K, Vrabel M. Selection of Galectin-Binding Ligands from Synthetic Glycopeptide Libraries. Chempluschem 2023:e202300567. [PMID: 37942669 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Galectins, a class of carbohydrate-binding proteins, play a crucial role in various physiological and disease processes. Therefore, the identification of ligands that efficiently bind these proteins could potentially lead to the development of new therapeutic compounds. In this study, we present a method that involves screening synthetic click glycopeptide libraries to identify lectin-binding ligands with low micromolar affinity. Our methodology, initially optimized using Concanavalin A, was subsequently applied to identify binders for the therapeutically relevant galectin 1. Binding affinities were assessed using various methods and showed that the selected glycopeptides exhibited enhanced binding potency to the target lectins compared to the starting sugar moieties. This approach offers an alternative means of discovering galectin-binding ligands as well as other carbohydrate-binding proteins, which are considered important therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kovalová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Prouza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Zavřel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Hájek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rastislav Dzijak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alžbeta Magdolenová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Voburka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Parkan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Vrabel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic
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2
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Imre N, Hetényi A, Szabó E, Bodnár B, Szkalisity A, Gróf I, Bocsik A, Deli MA, Horvath P, Czibula Á, Monostori É, Martinek TA. Routing Nanomolar Protein Cargoes to Lipid Raft-Mediated/Caveolar Endocytosis through a Ganglioside GM1-Specific Recognition Tag. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902621. [PMID: 32099761 PMCID: PMC7029632 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is a pressing need to develop ways to deliver therapeutic macromolecules to their intracellular targets. Certain viral and bacterial proteins are readily internalized in functional form through lipid raft-mediated/caveolar endocytosis, but mimicking this process with protein cargoes at therapeutically relevant concentrations is a great challenge. Targeting ganglioside GM1 in the caveolar pits triggers endocytosis. A pentapeptide sequence WYKYW is presented, which specifically captures the glycan moiety of GM1 (K D = 24 nm). The WYKYW-tag facilitates the GM1-dependent endocytosis of proteins in which the cargo-loaded caveosomes do not fuse with lysosomes. A structurally intact immunoglobulin G complex (580 kDa) is successfully delivered into live HeLa cells at extracellular concentrations ranging from 20 to 160 nm, and escape of the cargo proteins to the cytosol is observed. The short peptidic WYKYW-tag is an advantageous endocytosis routing sequence for lipid raft-mediated/caveolar cell delivery of therapeutic macromolecules, especially for cancer cells that overexpress GM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Imre
- Department of Medical ChemistryUniversity of SzegedDóm tér 8SzegedHU‐6720Hungary
| | - Anasztázia Hetényi
- Department of Medical ChemistryUniversity of SzegedDóm tér 8SzegedHU‐6720Hungary
| | - Enikő Szabó
- Institute of GeneticsBiological Research Center (BRC)Temesvári krt. 62SzegedHU‐6726Hungary
| | - Brigitta Bodnár
- Department of Medical ChemistryUniversity of SzegedDóm tér 8SzegedHU‐6720Hungary
- MTA‐SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research GroupUniversity of SzegedDóm tér 8SzegedHU‐6720Hungary
| | - Abel Szkalisity
- Synthetic and Systems Biology UnitBiological Research Center (BRC)Temesvári krt. 62SzegedHU‐6726Hungary
| | - Ilona Gróf
- Institute of BiophysicsBiological Research Center (BRC)Temesvári krt. 62SzegedHU‐6726Hungary
- Doctoral School of BiologyUniversity of SzegedDugonics tér 13SzegedHU‐6720Hungary
| | - Alexandra Bocsik
- Institute of BiophysicsBiological Research Center (BRC)Temesvári krt. 62SzegedHU‐6726Hungary
| | - Mária A. Deli
- Institute of BiophysicsBiological Research Center (BRC)Temesvári krt. 62SzegedHU‐6726Hungary
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular MedicineUniversity of SzegedSomogyi u. 4SzegedHU‐6720Hungary
| | - Peter Horvath
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FinlandUniversity of HelsinkiTukholmankatu 8HelsinkiFI‐00014Finland
| | - Ágnes Czibula
- Institute of GeneticsBiological Research Center (BRC)Temesvári krt. 62SzegedHU‐6726Hungary
| | - Éva Monostori
- Institute of GeneticsBiological Research Center (BRC)Temesvári krt. 62SzegedHU‐6726Hungary
| | - Tamás A. Martinek
- Department of Medical ChemistryUniversity of SzegedDóm tér 8SzegedHU‐6720Hungary
- MTA‐SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research GroupUniversity of SzegedDóm tér 8SzegedHU‐6720Hungary
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3
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Singh Y, Rodriguez Benavente MC, Al-Huniti MH, Beckwith D, Ayyalasomayajula R, Patino E, Miranda WS, Wade A, Cudic M. Positional Scanning MUC1 Glycopeptide Library Reveals the Importance of PDTR Epitope Glycosylation for Lectin Binding. J Org Chem 2019; 85:1434-1445. [PMID: 31799848 PMCID: PMC7012140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the main barriers to explaining the functional significance of glycan-based changes in cancer is the natural epitope heterogeneity found on the surface of cancer cells. To help address this knowledge gap, we focused on designing synthetic tools to explore the role of tumor-associated glycans of MUC1 in the formation of metastasis via association with lectins. In this study, we have synthesized for the first time a MUC1-derived positional scanning synthetic glycopeptide combinatorial library (PS-SGCL) that vary in number and location of cancer-associated Tn antigen using the "tea bag" approach. The determination of the isokinetic ratios necessary for the equimolar incorporation of (glyco)amino acids mixtures to resin-bound amino acid was determined, along with developing an efficient protocol for on resin deprotection of O-acetyl groups. Enzyme-linked lectin assay was used to screen PS-SGCL against two plant lectins, Glycine max soybean agglutinin and Vicia villosa. The results revealed a carbohydrate density-dependent affinity trend and site-specific glycosylation requirements for high affinity binding to these lectins. Hence, PS-SGCLs provide a platform to systematically elucidate MUC1-lectin binding specificities, which in the long term may provide a rational design for novel inhibitors of MUC1-lectin interactions involved in tumor spread and glycopeptide-based cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- YashoNandini Singh
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science , Florida Atlantic University , 777 Glades Road , Boca Raton , Florida 33431 , United States
| | - Maria C Rodriguez Benavente
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science , Florida Atlantic University , 777 Glades Road , Boca Raton , Florida 33431 , United States
| | - Mohammed H Al-Huniti
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science , Florida Atlantic University , 777 Glades Road , Boca Raton , Florida 33431 , United States
| | - Donella Beckwith
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science , Florida Atlantic University , 777 Glades Road , Boca Raton , Florida 33431 , United States
| | - Ramya Ayyalasomayajula
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science , Florida Atlantic University , 777 Glades Road , Boca Raton , Florida 33431 , United States
| | - Eric Patino
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science , Florida Atlantic University , 777 Glades Road , Boca Raton , Florida 33431 , United States
| | - William S Miranda
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science , Florida Atlantic University , 777 Glades Road , Boca Raton , Florida 33431 , United States
| | - Alex Wade
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science , Florida Atlantic University , 777 Glades Road , Boca Raton , Florida 33431 , United States
| | - Maré Cudic
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science , Florida Atlantic University , 777 Glades Road , Boca Raton , Florida 33431 , United States
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4
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Freichel T, Laaf D, Hoffmann M, Konietzny PB, Heine V, Wawrzinek R, Rademacher C, Snyder NL, Elling L, Hartmann L. Effects of linker and liposome anchoring on lactose-functionalized glycomacromolecules as multivalent ligands for binding galectin-3. RSC Adv 2019; 9:23484-23497. [PMID: 35530592 PMCID: PMC9069326 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05497a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We combine multivalent presentation of glycan ligands on sequence-defined oligo(amidoamines) and liposomes to achieve high avidity ligands targeting galectin-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Freichel
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Dominic Laaf
- Laboratory for Biomaterials
- Institute for Biotechnology
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
| | - Miriam Hoffmann
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Patrick B. Konietzny
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Viktoria Heine
- Laboratory for Biomaterials
- Institute for Biotechnology
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
| | - Robert Wawrzinek
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- 14424 Potsdam
- Germany
| | | | | | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials
- Institute for Biotechnology
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
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5
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Komnatnyy VV, Nielsen TE, Qvortrup K. Bead-based screening in chemical biology and drug discovery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6759-6771. [PMID: 29888365 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02486c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput screening is an important component of the drug discovery process. The screening of libraries containing hundreds of thousands of compounds requires assays amenable to miniaturisation and automization. Combinatorial chemistry holds a unique promise to deliver structurally diverse libraries for early drug discovery. Among the various library forms, the one-bead-one-compound (OBOC) library, where each bead carries many copies of a single compound, holds the greatest potential for the rapid identification of novel hits against emerging drug targets. However, this potential has not yet been fully realized due to a number of technical obstacles. In this feature article, we review the progress that has been made in bead-based library screening and its application to the discovery of bioactive compounds. We identify the key challenges of this approach and highlight key steps needed for making a greater impact in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly V Komnatnyy
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
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6
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Sindrewicz P, Lian LY, Yu LG. Interaction of the Oncofetal Thomsen-Friedenreich Antigen with Galectins in Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Front Oncol 2016; 6:79. [PMID: 27066458 PMCID: PMC4814717 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation of cell membrane proteins is a universal feature of cancer cells. One of the most common glycosylation changes in epithelial cancer is the increased occurrence of the oncofetal Thomsen–Friedenreich disaccharide Galβ1–3GalNAc (T or TF antigen), which appears in about 90% of cancers but is rarely seen in normal epithelium. Over the past few years, increasing evidence has revealed that the increased appearance of TF antigen on cancer cell surface plays an active role in promoting cancer progression and metastasis by interaction with the β-galactoside-binding proteins, galectins, which themselves are also frequently overexpressed in cancer and pre-cancerous conditions. This review summarizes the current understanding of the molecular mechanism of the increased TF occurrence in cancer, the structural nature, and biological impact of TF interaction with galectins, in particular galectin-1 and -3, on cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Sindrewicz
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK
| | - Lu-Yun Lian
- NMR Centre for Structural Biology, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK
| | - Lu-Gang Yu
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK
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7
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Rodriguez MC, Yegorova S, Pitteloud JP, Chavaroche AE, André S, Ardá A, Minond D, Jiménez-Barbero J, Gabius HJ, Cudic M. Thermodynamic Switch in Binding of Adhesion/Growth Regulatory Human Galectin-3 to Tumor-Associated TF Antigen (CD176) and MUC1 Glycopeptides. Biochemistry 2015; 54:4462-74. [PMID: 26129647 PMCID: PMC4520625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A shift
to short-chain glycans is an observed change in mucin-type
O-glycosylation in premalignant and malignant epithelia. Given the
evidence that human galectin-3 can interact with mucins and also weakly
with free tumor-associated Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen (CD176),
the study of its interaction with MUC1 (glyco)peptides is of biomedical
relevance. Glycosylated MUC1 fragments that carry the TF antigen attached
through either Thr or Ser side chains were synthesized using standard
Fmoc-based automated solid-phase peptide chemistry. The dissociation
constants (Kd) for interaction of galectin-3
and the glycosylated MUC1 fragments measured by isothermal titration
calorimetry decreased up to 10 times in comparison to that of the
free TF disaccharide. No binding was observed for the nonglycosylated
control version of the MUC1 peptide. The most notable feature of the
binding of MUC1 glycopeptides to galectin-3 was a shift from a favorable
enthalpy to an entropy-driven binding process. The comparatively diminished
enthalpy contribution to the free energy (ΔG) was compensated by a considerable gain in the entropic term. 1H–15N heteronuclear single-quantum coherence
spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance data reveal contact at the
canonical site mainly by the glycan moiety of the MUC1 glycopeptide.
Ligand-dependent differences in binding affinities were also confirmed
by a novel assay for screening of low-affinity glycan–lectin
interactions based on AlphaScreen technology. Another key finding
is that the glycosylated MUC1 peptides exhibited activity in a concentration-dependent
manner in cell-based assays revealing selectivity among human galectins.
Thus, the presentation of this tumor-associated carbohydrate ligand
by the natural peptide scaffold enhances its affinity, highlighting
the significance of model studies of human lectins with synthetic
glycopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Rodriguez
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States.,‡Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 Southwest Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
| | - Svetlana Yegorova
- ‡Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 Southwest Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
| | - Jean-Philippe Pitteloud
- ‡Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 Southwest Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
| | - Anais E Chavaroche
- ‡Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 Southwest Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
| | - Sabine André
- §Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Ana Ardá
- ∥CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technological Park, Building 801 A, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Dimitriy Minond
- ‡Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 Southwest Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- ∥CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technological Park, Building 801 A, 48160 Derio, Spain.,⊥Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Lopez de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- §Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Mare Cudic
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
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8
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Garcia-Martin F, Matsushita T, Hinou H, Nishimura SI. Fast epitope mapping for the anti-MUC1 monoclonal antibody by combining a one-bead-one-glycopeptide library and a microarray platform. Chemistry 2014; 20:15891-902. [PMID: 25303614 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Anti-MUC1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are powerful tools that can be used to recognize cancer-related MUC1 molecules, the O-glycosylation status of which is believed to affect binding affinity. We demonstrate the feasibility of using a rapid screening methodology to elucidate those effects. The approach involves i) "one-bead-one-compound"-based preparation of bilayer resins carrying glycopeptides on the shell and mass-tag tripeptides coding O-glycan patterns in the core, ii) on-resin screening with an anti-MUC1 mAb, iii) separating positive resins by utilizing secondary antibody conjugation with magnetic beads, and (iv) decoding the mass-tag that is detached from the positive resins pool by using mass spectrometric analysis. We tested a small library consisting of 27 MUC1 glycopeptides with different O-glycosylations against anti-MUC1 mAb clone VU-3C6. Qualitative mass-tag analysis showed that increasing the number of glycans leads to an increase in the binding affinity. Six glycopeptides selected from the library were validated by using a microarray-based assay. Our screening provides valuable information on O-glycosylations of epitopes leading to high affinity with mAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayna Garcia-Martin
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 11-706-9042
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Powell Gray
- Department of Internal Medicine and The Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-8807, United States
| | - Kathlynn C. Brown
- Department of Internal Medicine and The Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-8807, United States
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10
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Structural investigation of multivalent carbohydrate–protein interactions using synthetic biomolecules. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:982-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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11
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Yegorova S, Chavaroche AE, Rodriguez MC, Minond D, Cudic M. Development of an AlphaScreen assay for discovery of inhibitors of low-affinity glycan–lectin interactions. Anal Biochem 2013; 439:123-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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van Hattum H, Branderhorst HM, Moret EE, Nilsson UJ, Leffler H, Pieters RJ. Tuning the preference of thiodigalactoside- and lactosamine-based ligands to galectin-3 over galectin-1. J Med Chem 2013; 56:1350-4. [PMID: 23281927 DOI: 10.1021/jm301677r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors for galectin-1 and -3 were synthesized from thiodigalactoside and lactosamine by derivatization of the galactose C3. Introduction of 4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl substituents at the thiodigalactoside C3 by CuAAC, targeting arginine-arene interactions, increased the affinity to 13 nM but yielded little selectivity. The bulkier 4-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl substituent, however, increased the preference for galectin-3 over galectin-1 to more than 200-fold. Modeling showed more arginine-arene interactions for galectin-3 than for galectin-1. Introducing 4-phenoxyaryl groups on lactosamine had a similar effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde van Hattum
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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13
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Göhler A, Büchner C, André S, Sören Doose, Kaltner H, Gabius HJ. Analysis of homodimeric avian and human galectins by two methods based on fluorescence spectroscopy: Different structural alterations upon oxidation and ligand binding. Biochimie 2012; 94:2649-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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14
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Yongye AB, Calle L, Ardá A, Jiménez-Barbero J, André S, Gabius HJ, Martínez-Mayorga K, Cudic M. Molecular Recognition of the Thomsen-Friedenreich Antigen–Threonine Conjugate by Adhesion/Growth Regulatory Galectin-3: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Biochemistry 2012; 51:7278-89. [DOI: 10.1021/bi300761s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Austin B. Yongye
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port Saint Lucie, Florida 34987-2352,
United States
| | - Luis Calle
- Chemical
and Physical Biology, CIB-CSIC, Madrid,
Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- Chemical
and Physical Biology, CIB-CSIC, Madrid,
Spain
| | | | - Sabine André
- Institute of Physiological
Chemistry,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological
Chemistry,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Karina Martínez-Mayorga
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port Saint Lucie, Florida 34987-2352,
United States
| | - Mare Cudic
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port Saint Lucie, Florida 34987-2352,
United States
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15
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Sarter K, Janko C, Andre S, Munoz LE, Schorn C, Winkler S, Rech J, Kaltner H, Lorenz HM, Schiller M, Andreoli L, Manfredi AA, Isenberg DA, Schett G, Herrmann M, Gabius HJ. Autoantibodies against galectins are associated with antiphospholipid syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Glycobiology 2012; 23:12-22. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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16
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Fík Z, Valach J, Chovanec M, Mazánek J, Kodet R, Kodet O, Tachezy R, Foltynová E, André S, Kaltner H, Gabius HJ, Smetana K. Loss of adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-9 from squamous cell epithelium in head and neck carcinomas. J Oral Pathol Med 2012; 42:166-73. [PMID: 22650413 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2012.01185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are potent effectors of cell adhesion and growth regulation. Their expression as comples network necessitates systematic study of each member of this family. Toward this aim, we here focus on the tandem-repeat-type galectin-9. Its presence is monitored in normal squamous epithelium of the head and neck, the surgical margin, and four types of squamous cell carcinoma. Lectin presence was detected in cells of the basal layer of the epithelium. All galectin-9-negative epithelia showed aberrant positivity for keratins 14 and 19. The surgical margin presented either a normal pattern of galectin-9 and keratin presence or a mosaic-like presence/absence of galectin-9 and aberrant expression of both keratins 14 and 19. All studied specimens of squamous cell carcinoma were negative for galectin-9. When biotinylated galectin-9, or its N-terminal domain, was tested, no significant tissue reactivity for both probes was observed. Neuraminidase treatment generated reactivity to the N-domain. In conclusion, galectin-9 is expressed in the majority of samples of normal epithelium, along with regular presence of keratins 14 or 19. This lectin can represent a potential marker of normality in the cases of the studied squamous cell epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Fík
- Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice, Prague, Czech Republic
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Marcelo F, Cañada FJ, André S, Colombo C, Doro F, Gabius HJ, Bernardi A, Jiménez-Barbero J. α-N-Linked glycopeptides: conformational analysis and bioactivity as lectin ligands. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:5916-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob07135e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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André S, Jarikote DV, Yan D, Vincenz L, Wang GN, Kaltner H, Murphy PV, Gabius HJ. Synthesis of bivalent lactosides and their activity as sensors for differences between lectins in inter- and intrafamily comparisons. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:313-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Martín-Santamaría S, Gabius HJ, Jiménez-Barbero J. Structural studies on the interaction of saccharides and glycomimetics with galectin-1: A 3D perspective using a combined molecular modeling and NMR approach. PURE APPL CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1351/pac-con-11-10-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of a variety of saccharides and mimetics thereof with lectin receptors has been studied using a combination of molecular modeling protocols and NMR spectroscopy techniques. It is shown that both methods complement each other in a synergistic manner to provide a detailed perspective of the conformational and structural features of the recognition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonsoles Martín-Santamaría
- 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo CEU, 28668-Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- 2Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- 3Department of Chemical and Physical Biology, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Moise A, André S, Eggers F, Krzeminski M, Przybylski M, Gabius HJ. Toward Bioinspired Galectin Mimetics: Identification of Ligand-Contacting Peptides by Proteolytic-Excision Mass Spectrometry. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:14844-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja201967v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Moise
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Sabine André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Frederike Eggers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Mickael Krzeminski
- Department of NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Przybylski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80539 München, Germany
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Martín-Santamaría S, André S, Buzamet E, Caraballo R, Fernández-Cureses G, Morando M, Ribeiro JP, Ramírez-Gualito K, de Pascual-Teresa B, Cañada FJ, Menéndez M, Ramström O, Jiménez-Barbero J, Solís D, Gabius HJ. Symmetric dithiodigalactoside: strategic combination of binding studies and detection of selectivity between a plant toxin and human lectins. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:5445-55. [PMID: 21660340 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob01235a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thioglycosides offer the advantage over O-glycosides to be resistant to hydrolysis. Based on initial evidence of this recognition ability for glycosyldisulfides by screening dynamic combinatorial libraries, we have now systematically studied dithiodigalactoside on a plant toxin (Viscum album agglutinin) and five human lectins (adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins with medical relevance e.g. in tumor progression and spread). Inhibition assays with surface-presented neoglycoprotein and in solution monitored by saturation transfer difference NMR spectroscopy, flanked by epitope mapping, as well as isothermal titration calorimetry revealed binding properties to VAA (K(a): 1560 ± 20 M(-1)). They were reflected by the structural model and the affinity on the level of toxin-exposed cells. In comparison, galectins were considerably less reactive, with intrafamily grading down to very minor reactivity for tandem-repeat-type galectins, as quantitated by radioassays for both domains of galectin-4. Model building indicated contact formation to be restricted to only one galactose moiety, in contrast to thiodigalactoside. The tested glycosyldisulfide exhibits selectivity between the plant toxin and the tested human lectins, and also between these proteins. Therefore, glycosyldisulfides have potential as chemical platform for inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonsoles Martín-Santamaría
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Boadilla del Monte, 28668, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Giguère D, André S, Bonin MA, Bellefleur MA, Provencal A, Cloutier P, Pucci B, Roy R, Gabius HJ. Inhibitory potential of chemical substitutions at bioinspired sites of β-D-galactopyranose on neoglycoprotein/cell surface binding of two classes of medically relevant lectins. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3280-7. [PMID: 21524586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Galactose is the key contact site for plant AB-toxins and the human adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins. Natural anomeric extensions and 3'-substitutions enhance its reactivity, thus prompting us to test the potential of respective chemical substitutions of galactose in the quest to develop potent inhibitors. Biochemical screening of a respective glycoside library with 60 substances in a solid-phase assay was followed by examining the compounds' activity to protect cells from lectin binding. By testing 32 anomeric extensions, 18 compounds with additional 3'-substitution, three lactosides and two Lewis-type trisaccharides rather mild effects compared to the common haptenic inhibitor lactose were detected in both assays. When using trivalent glycoclusters marked enhancements with 6- to 8-fold increases were revealed for the toxin and three of four tested galectins. Since the most potent compound and also 3'-substituted thiogalactosides reduced cell growth of a human tumor line at millimolar concentrations, biocompatible substitutions and scaffolds will be required for further developments. The synthesis of suitable glycoclusters, presenting headgroups which exploit differences in ligand selection in interlectin comparison to reduce cross-reactivity, and the documented strategic combination of initial biochemical screening with cell assays are considered instrumental to advance inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Giguère
- PharmaQAM, Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada
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André S, Renaudet O, Bossu I, Dumy P, Gabius HJ. Cyclic neoglycodecapeptides: how to increase their inhibitory activity and selectivity on lectin/toxin binding to a glycoprotein and cells. J Pept Sci 2011; 17:427-37. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.1338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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24
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Göhler A, Büchner C, André S, Doose S, Kaltner H, Gabius HJ. Sensing ligand binding to a clinically relevant lectin by tryptophan fluorescence anisotropy. Analyst 2011; 136:5270-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15692f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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25
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Ribeiro JP, Carvalho DT, André S, Cañada FJ, Alves RJ, Gabius HJ, Jiménez-Barbero J. Towards sugar derivatives as toxin-blocking pharmaceuticals: STD NMR spectroscopy as versatile tool for affinity assessment in drug development. CR CHIM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2010.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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26
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Krzeminski M, Singh T, André S, Lensch M, Wu AM, Bonvin AMJJ, Gabius HJ. Human galectin-3 (Mac-2 antigen): defining molecular switches of affinity to natural glycoproteins, structural and dynamic aspects of glycan binding by flexible ligand docking and putative regulatory sequences in the proximal promoter region. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2010; 1810:150-61. [PMID: 21070836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human galectin-3 (Mac-2 antigen) is a cell-type-specific multifunctional effector owing to selective binding of distinct cell-surface glycoconjugates harboring β-galactosides. The structural basis underlying the apparent preferences for distinct glycoproteins and for expression is so far unknown. METHODS We strategically combined solid-phase assays on 43 natural glycoproteins with a new statistical approach to fully flexible computational docking and also processed the proximal promoter region in silico. RESULTS The degree of branching in N-glycans and clustering of core 1 O-glycans are positive modulators for avidity. Sialylation of N-glycans in α2-6 linkage and of core 1 O-glycans in α2-3 linkage along with core 2 branching was an unfavorable factor, despite the presence of suited glycans in the vicinity. The lectin-ligand contact profile was scrutinized for six natural di- and tetrasaccharides enabling a statistical grading by analyzing flexible docking trajectories. The computational analysis of the proximal promoter region delineated putative sites for Lmo2/c-Ets-1 binding and new sites with potential for RUNX binding. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These results identify new features of glycan selectivity and ligand contact by combining solid-phase assays with in silico work as well as of reactivity potential of the promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Krzeminski
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Sanchez-Ruderisch H, Fischer C, Detjen KM, Welzel M, Wimmel A, Manning JC, André S, Gabius HJ. Tumor suppressor p16 INK4a: Downregulation of galectin-3, an endogenous competitor of the pro-anoikis effector galectin-1, in a pancreatic carcinoma model. FEBS J 2010; 277:3552-63. [PMID: 20695889 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07764.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p16(INK4a) has functions beyond cell-cycle control via cyclin-dependent kinases. A coordinated remodeling of N- and O-glycosylation, and an increase in the presentation of the endogenous lectin galectin-1 sensing these changes on the surface of p16(INK4a)-expressing pancreatic carcinoma cells (Capan-1), lead to potent pro-anoikis signals. We show that the p16(INK4a)-dependent impact on growth-regulatory lectins is not limited to galectin-1, but also concerns galectin-3. By monitoring its expression in relation to p16(INK4a) status, as well as running anoikis assays with galectin-3 and cell transfectants with up- or downregulated lectin expression, a negative correlation between anoikis and the presence of this lectin was established. Nuclear run-off and northern blotting experiments revealed an effect of the presence of p16(INK4a) on steady-state levels of galectin-3-specific mRNA that differed from decreasing the transcriptional rate. On the cell surface, galectin-3 interferes with galectin-1, which initiates signaling toward its pro-anoikis activity via caspase-8 activation. The detected opposite effects of p16(INK4a) at the levels of growth-regulatory galectins-1 and -3 shift the status markedly towards the galectin-1-dependent pro-anoikis activity. A previously undescribed orchestrated fine-tuning of this effector system by a tumor suppressor is discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Sanchez-Ruderisch
- Medizinische Klinik m.S. Hepatologie und Gastroenterologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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Ribeiro J, André S, Cañada FJ, Gabius HJ, Butera AP, Alves RJ, Jiménez-Barbero J. Lectin-Based Drug Design: Combined Strategy to Identify Lead Compounds using STD NMR Spectroscopy, Solid-Phase Assays and Cell Binding for a Plant Toxin Model. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:415-9, 314. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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29
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Muñoz FJ, Santos JI, Ardá A, André S, Gabius HJ, Sinisterra JV, Jiménez-Barbero J, Hernáiz MJ. Binding studies of adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins with glycoconjugates monitored by surface plasmon resonance and NMR spectroscopy. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:2986-92. [DOI: 10.1039/b927139b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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André S, Giguère D, Dam TK, Brewer F, Gabius HJ, Roy R. Synthesis and screening of a small glycomimetic library for inhibitory activity on medically relevant galactoside-specific lectins in assays of increasing biorelevance. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00277a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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31
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Jiménez-Barbero J, Dragoni E, Venturi C, Nannucci F, Ardá A, Fontanella M, André S, Cañada FJ, Gabius HJ, Nativi C. Alpha-O-linked glycopeptide mimetics: synthesis, conformation analysis, and interactions with viscumin, a galactoside-binding model lectin. Chemistry 2009; 15:10423-31. [PMID: 19746469 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Efficient cycloaddition of a silylidene-protected galactal with a suitable heterodiene yielded the basis for a facile diastereoselective route to a glycopeptide-mimetic scaffold. Its carbohydrate part was further extended by beta1-3-linked galactosylation. The pyranose rings retain their (4)C(1) chair conformation, as shown by molecular modeling and NMR spectroscopy, and the typical exo-anomeric geometry was observed for the disaccharide. The expected bioactivity was ascertained by saturation-transfer-difference NMR spectroscopy by using the galactoside-specific plant toxin viscumin as a model lectin. The experimental part was complemented by molecular docking. The described synthetic route and the strategic combination of computational and experimental techniques to reveal conformational properties and bioactivity establish the prepared alpha-O-linked glycopeptide mimetics as promising candidates for further exploitation of this scaffold to give O-glycans for lectin blocking and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- Chemical and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Wéber E, Hetényi A, Váczi B, Szolnoki É, Fajka-Boja R, Tubak V, Monostori É, Martinek TA. Galectin-1-Asialofetuin Interaction Is Inhibited by Peptides Containing the Tyr-Xxx-Tyr Motif Acting on the Glycoprotein. Chembiochem 2009; 11:228-34. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Leyden R, Velasco-Torrijos T, André S, Gouin S, Gabius HJ, Murphy PV. Synthesis of Bivalent Lactosides Based on Terephthalamide, N,N′-Diglucosylterephthalamide, and Glycophane Scaffolds and Assessment of Their Inhibitory Capacity on Medically Relevant Lectins. J Org Chem 2009; 74:9010-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jo901667r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Leyden
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Trinidad Velasco-Torrijos
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sabine André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastien Gouin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Paul V. Murphy
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway
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Lehrer RI, Jung G, Ruchala P, Andre S, Gabius HJ, Lu W. Multivalent binding of carbohydrates by the human alpha-defensin, HD5. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:480-90. [PMID: 19542459 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Four of the six human alpha-defensins (human neutrophil peptides 1-3 and human alpha-defensin 5; HD5) have a lectin-like ability to bind glycosylated proteins. Using HD5 as a model, we applied surface plasmon resonance techniques to gain insights into this property. HD5 bound natural glycoproteins > neoglycoproteins based on BSA > nonglycosylated BSA >> free sugars. The affinity of HD5 for simple sugars covalently bound to BSA was orders of magnitude greater than its affinity for the same sugars in solution. The affinity of HD5 for protein-bound carbohydrates resulted from multivalent interactions which may also involve noncarbohydrate residues of the proteins. HD5 showed concentration-dependent self-association that began at submicromolar concentrations and proceeded to dimer and tetramer formation at concentrations below 5 microM. The (R9A, R28A) and (R13A, R32A) analogs of HD5 showed greatly reduced self-association as well as minimal binding to BSA and to BSA-affixed sugars. From this and other evidence, we conclude that the extensive binding of HD5 to (neo)glycoproteins results from multivalent nonspecific interactions of individual HD5 molecules with carbohydrate and noncarbohydrate moieties of the target molecule and that the primary binding events are magnified and enhanced by subsequent in situ assembly and oligomerization of HD5. Self-association and multivalent binding may play integral roles in the ability of HD5 to protect against infections caused by viruses and other infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert I Lehrer
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, 90095, USA.
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Diercks T, Ribeiro J, Cañada FJ, André S, Jiménez-Barbero J, Gabius HJ. Fluorinated Carbohydrates as Lectin Ligands: Versatile Sensors in19F-Detected Saturation Transfer Difference NMR Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2009; 15:5666-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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36
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Roda O, Ortiz-Zapater E, Martínez-Bosch N, Gutiérrez-Gallego R, Vila-Perelló M, Ampurdanés C, Gabius HJ, André S, Andreu D, Real FX, Navarro P. Galectin-1 is a novel functional receptor for tissue plasminogen activator in pancreatic cancer. Gastroenterology 2009; 136:1379-90, e1-5. [PMID: 19171142 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) exerts many different functions in addition to its role in fibrinolysis. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), tPA is overexpressed and plays an important role in proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis. tPA interaction with cell membrane receptors has been related to increased proteolytic activity and to signal transduction through nonenzymatic mechanisms. The aim was to analyze the role of galectin-1 (Gal-1), an endogenous lectin that also is overexpressed in PDA, as a new functional receptor for tPA. METHODS Gal-1/tPA interaction was analyzed using surface plasmon resonance and pull-down assays. Pancreatic cells and tumors were used to study Gal-1 expression and localization by Western blot and immunostaining. Down-regulation of Gal-1 by small interference RNA was used to analyze the involvement of Gal-1/tPA interaction in extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation, cell proliferation, and invasion in pancreatic and fibroblastic cells. RESULTS Gal-1/tPA interaction is direct, specific, and of high affinity. Gal-1 moderately increases the catalytic activity of tPA. High Gal-1 levels were detected in PDA cells in culture, where it concentrates at the migration front, and in tissues, where it is expressed in epithelial cells and in the stroma. Down-regulation of Gal-1 abolished the effects of tPA on extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation, cell proliferation, and invasion, both in pancreatic and in tumor-derived fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS These findings support a new molecular mechanism by which Gal-1 interaction with tPA contributes to PDA progression involving both transformed epithelial cells and tumor fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Roda
- Cancer Research Programme, Municipal Institute of Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain
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Kolympadi M, Fontanella M, Venturi C, André S, Gabius HJ, Jiménez-Barbero J, Vogel P. Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of (α-D-Galactosyl)phenylmethane and α-,β-Difluoromethane Analogues: Interactions with the Plant Lectin Viscumin. Chemistry 2009; 15:2861-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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38
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López-Lucendo MF, Solís D, Sáiz JL, Kaltner H, Russwurm R, André S, Gabius HJ, Romero A. Homodimeric Chicken Galectin CG-1B (C-14): Crystal Structure and Detection of Unique Redox-Dependent Shape Changes Involving Inter- and Intrasubunit Disulfide Bridges by Gel Filtration, Ultracentrifugation, Site-Directed Mutagenesis, and Peptide Mass Fingerprinting. J Mol Biol 2009; 386:366-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Stechly L, Morelle W, Dessein AF, André S, Grard G, Trinel D, Dejonghe MJ, Leteurtre E, Drobecq H, Trugnan G, Gabius HJ, Huet G. Galectin-4-regulated delivery of glycoproteins to the brush border membrane of enterocyte-like cells. Traffic 2009; 10:438-50. [PMID: 19192249 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2009.00882.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that silencing of galectin-4 expression in polarized HT-29 cells perturbed apical biosynthetic trafficking and resulted in a phenotype similar to the inhibitor of glycosylation, 1-benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-d-galactopyranoside (GalNAcalpha-O-bn). We now present evidence of a lipid raft-based galectin-4-dependent mechanism of apical delivery of glycoproteins in these cells. First, galectin-4 recruits the apical glycoproteins in detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) because these glycoproteins were depleted in DRMs isolated from galectin-4-knockdown (KD) HT-29 5M12 cells. DRM-associated glycoproteins were identified as ligands for galectin-4. Structural analysis showed that DRMs were markedly enriched in a series of complex N-glycans in comparison to detergent-soluble membranes. Second, in galectin-4-KD cells, the apical glycoproteins still exit the Golgi but accumulated inside the cells, showing that their recruitment within lipid rafts and their apical trafficking required the delivery of galectin-4 at a post-Golgi level. This lectin that is synthesized on free cytoplasmic ribosomes is externalized from HT-29 cells mostly in the apical medium and follows an apical endocytic-recycling pathway that is required for the apical biosynthetic pathway. Together, our data show that the pattern of N-glycosylation of glycoproteins serves as a recognition signal for endocytosed galectin-4, which drives the raft-dependent apical pathway of glycoproteins in enterocyte-like HT-29 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Stechly
- Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert, Unité INSERM U837, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France
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André S, Velasco-Torrijos T, Leyden R, Gouin S, Tosin M, Murphy PV, Gabius HJ. Phenylenediamine-based bivalent glycocyclophanes: synthesis and analysis of the influence of scaffold rigidity and ligand spacing on lectin binding in cell systems with different glycomic profiles. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:4715-25. [DOI: 10.1039/b913010a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Szabo P, Dam TK, Smetana K, Dvoránková B, Kübler D, Brewer CF, Gabius HJ. Phosphorylated human lectin galectin-3: analysis of ligand binding by histochemical monitoring of normal/malignant squamous epithelia and by isothermal titration calorimetry. Anat Histol Embryol 2008; 38:68-75. [PMID: 18983621 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2008.00899.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The human lectin galectin-3 is a multifunctional effector with special functions in regulation of adhesion and apoptosis. Its unique trimodular organization includes the 12-residue N-terminal sequence, a substrate for protein kinase CK1-dependent phosphorylation. As a step towards elucidating its significance, we prepared phosphorylated galectin-3, labelled it and used it as a tool in histochemistry. We monitored normal and malignant squamous epithelia. Binding was suprabasal with obvious positive correlation to the degree of differentiation and negative correlation to proliferation. The staining pattern resembled that obtained with the unmodified lectin. Basal cell carcinomas were invariably negative. The epidermal positivity profile was akin to distribution of the desmosomal protein desmoglein, as also seen with keratinocytes in vitro. In all cases, binding was inhibitable by the presence of lactose, prompting further investigation of the activity of the lectin site by a sensitive biochemical method, i.e. isothermal titration calorimetry. The overall affinity and the individual enthalpic and entropic contributions were determined. No effect of phosphorylation was revealed. This strategic combination of histo- and biochemical techniques applied to an endogenous effector after its processing by a protein kinase thus enabled a detailed monitoring of the binding properties of the post-translationally modified lectin. It underscores the value of using endogenous lectins as a histochemical tool. The documented approach has merit for applications beyond lectinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Szabo
- 1st Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To examine the level of expression of galectin-3 in relation to neoplastic progression of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (HSCCs) and laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCCs). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. METHODS Using a polyclonal antibody against galectin-3 without cross-reactivity to other galectins, we analyzed the presence of galectin-3 using quantitative immunohistochemistry in i) a series of 79 HSCCs compared with 16 normal epithelia, 20 low-grade dysplasia (Low_D) and 25 high-grade dysplasia (High_D) and in ii) a series of 58 LSCCs compared with 34 normal epithelia, 12 Low_D, and 18 High_D. In parallel, galectin-3 expression was studied using Western blotting on a series of 19 fresh biopsies from patients presenting a head and neck tumor. RESULTS Western blotting excluded a notable degree of proteolytic truncation of galectin-3 in situ. Immunohistochemical galectin-3 positivity expressed as percentage of cells was significantly higher in LSCCs and HSCCs than in Low_D (P = .01) or High_D (P = .0002), respectively. Increased expression of galectin-3 in HSCCs was accompanied by a shift from the cytoplasmic compartment to the nucleus (P = .007). In intertumor-type comparison, laryngeal carcinomas presented nuclear presence of galectin-3 only rarely (1 of 58 cases in laryngeal cancer vs. 27 of 79 cases in hypopharyngeal cancer, P = .00006) and a comparatively low labeling index (P < 10(-6)). CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal an association between level of presence of galectin-3 and neoplastic progression of HSCCs and LSCCs.
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Maljaars CEP, de Souza AC, Halkes KM, Upton PJ, Reeman SM, André S, Gabius HJ, McDonnell MB, Kamerling JP. The application of neoglycopeptides in the development of sensitive surface plasmon resonance-based biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 24:60-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Revised: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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He L, André S, Garamus VM, Siebert HC, Chi C, Niemeyer B, Gabius HJ. Small angle neutron scattering as sensitive tool to detect ligand-dependent shape changes in a plant lectin with β-trefoil folding and their dependence on the nature of the solvent. Glycoconj J 2008; 26:111-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-008-9164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2007] [Revised: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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André S, Sansone F, Kaltner H, Casnati A, Kopitz J, Gabius H, Ungaro R. Calix[n]arene‐Based Glycoclusters: Bioactivity of Thiourea‐Linked Galactose/Lactose Moieties as Inhibitors of Binding of Medically Relevant Lectins to a Glycoprotein and Cell‐Surface Glycoconjugates and Selectivity among Human Adhesion/Growth‐Regulatory Galectins. Chembiochem 2008; 9:1649-61. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Maljaars CEP, André S, Halkes KM, Gabius HJ, Kamerling JP. Assessing the inhibitory potency of galectin ligands identified from combinatorial (glyco)peptide libraries using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. Anal Biochem 2008; 378:190-6. [PMID: 18471425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Revised: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Combinatorial (glyco)peptide libraries offer the possibility to define effective inhibitors of protein (lectin)-glycan interactions. If a (glyco)peptide surpasses the inhibitory potency of the free sugar, then the new peptide-lectin contacts underlying the affinity enhancement may guide further rational drug design. Focusing on the adhesion/growth regulatory human galectins 1 and 3, a screening of three combinatorial solid-phase (glyco)peptide libraries, containing Gal(beta1-O)Thr, Gal(beta1-S)Cys/Gal(beta1-N)Asn, and Lac(beta1-O)Thr, with the fluorescently labeled lectins had led to a series of lead compounds. To define the inhibitory potency of a selection of resynthesized (glyco)peptides systematically, a surface plasmon resonance-based inhibition assay with immobilized asialofetuin was set up. (Glyco)Peptides with up to 66-fold potency relative to free lactose as inhibitor were characterized. The presence of lactose in the most effective glycopeptides indicated the presence of affinity-enhancing peptide-lectin contacts. In addition to drug design, they may be helpful for fine-structural analysis of the binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Elizabeth P Maljaars
- Bijvoet Center, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Kappel JC, Fan YC, Lam KS. Global Transformation of OBOC Combinatorial Peptide Libraries into OBOC Polyamine and Small Molecule Libraries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 10:333-42. [DOI: 10.1021/cc700165s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Kappel
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Cancer Center, 4501 X Street, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Yi C. Fan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Cancer Center, 4501 X Street, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Kit S. Lam
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Cancer Center, 4501 X Street, Sacramento, California 95817
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Langbein S, Brade J, Badawi JK, Hatzinger M, Kaltner H, Lensch M, Specht K, André S, Brinck U, Alken P, Gabius HJ. Gene-expression signature of adhesion/growth-regulatory tissue lectins (galectins) in transitional cell cancer and its prognostic relevance. Histopathology 2007; 51:681-90. [PMID: 17927590 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02852.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Lectins, and especially galectins, appear to be important in malignancy-associated processes. The aim was to analyse comprehensively the presence of galectins in urothelial tumours. METHODS AND RESULTS Non-cross-reactive antibodies against seven family members from the three subgroups (prototype: galectin-1, -2 and -7; chimera type: galectin-3; tandem-repeat type: galectin-4, -8 and -9) were used. Gene expression was monitored in specimens of normal urothelium, fresh tumour tissue and cell lines by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The presence and evidence of tumour-associated up-regulation were shown for galectin-1 and -3. This was less clear-cut for galectin-4 and -8. Galectin-7 was expressed in all cell lines; galectin-2 and -9 were detected at comparatively low levels. Galectin-2, -3 and -8 up-regulation was observed in superficial tumours, but not in muscle-invasive tumours (P < 0.05). Immunoreactivity correlated with tumour grading for galectin-1, -2 and -8, and disease-dependent mortality correlated with galectin-2 and -8 expression. Binding sites were visualized using labelled galectins. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate a complex expression pattern of the galectin network in urothelial carcinomas. Galectin-1, -2, -3 and -8 are both potential disease markers and also possible targets for bladder cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Langbein
- Department of Urology, Academic Medic Centrum, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Pei Y, Yu H, Pei Z, Theurer M, Ammer C, André S, Gabius HJ, Yan M, Ramström O. Photoderivatized polymer thin films at quartz crystal microbalance surfaces: sensors for carbohydrate-protein interactions. Anal Chem 2007; 79:6897-902. [PMID: 17705448 PMCID: PMC4487674 DOI: 10.1021/ac070740r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Photoderivatized polymer-coated gold surfaces have been developed following a perfluorophenylazide-based double ligation strategy. Gold-plated quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) crystals were initially covalently functionalized with a monolayer of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), using photo- or thermolytic nitrene formation and insertion. The polymer surfaces were subsequently used as substrates for photoinsertion of carbohydrate-derivatized photoprobes, yielding different recognition motifs for selective protein binding. The resulting robust and biocompatible sensor surfaces were applied to a flow-through QCM instrument for monitoring lectin-carbohydrate interactions in real time. The results clearly show the predicted lectin selectivity, demonstrating the applicability of the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Pei
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhichao Pei
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthias Theurer
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolin Ammer
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sabine André
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Veterinärstrasse 13, D-80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Veterinärstrasse 13, D-80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751
- Corresponding authors. Prof. Olof Ramström, Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. Fax: +46 8 7912333. . Prof. Mingdi Yan, Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751. Fax: 503 7259525.
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751
- Corresponding authors. Prof. Olof Ramström, Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. Fax: +46 8 7912333. . Prof. Mingdi Yan, Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751. Fax: 503 7259525.
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Thijssen VLJL, Poirier F, Baum LG, Griffioen AW. Galectins in the tumor endothelium: opportunities for combined cancer therapy. Blood 2007; 110:2819-27. [PMID: 17591944 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-03-077792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are emerging as a family of proteins that play an important role in several steps of tumorigenesis. Evidence is accumulating that galectins are expressed by the tumor endothelium, where they contribute to different steps of tumor progression such as immune escape and metastasis. Recent studies have identified an important role for galectins in tumor angiogenesis. Moreover, it has been shown that galectins in the endothelium can be targeted for therapeutic applications. This opens a window of opportunity for the development of tumor-type independent treatment strategies. This review focuses on the expression of galectins in the tumor endothelium, their contribution to tumor progression, and their application in tumor-type independent cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor L J L Thijssen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Research Institute for Growth and Development, Department of Pathology, University Maastricht and Academic Hospital Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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