1
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Kubyshkin V, Rubini M. Proline Analogues. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8130-8232. [PMID: 38941181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Within the canonical repertoire of the amino acid involved in protein biogenesis, proline plays a unique role as an amino acid presenting a modified backbone rather than a side-chain. Chemical structures that mimic proline but introduce changes into its specific molecular features are defined as proline analogues. This review article summarizes the existing chemical, physicochemical, and biochemical knowledge about this peculiar family of structures. We group proline analogues from the following compounds: substituted prolines, unsaturated and fused structures, ring size homologues, heterocyclic, e.g., pseudoproline, and bridged proline-resembling structures. We overview (1) the occurrence of proline analogues in nature and their chemical synthesis, (2) physicochemical properties including ring conformation and cis/trans amide isomerization, (3) use in commercial drugs such as nirmatrelvir recently approved against COVID-19, (4) peptide and protein synthesis involving proline analogues, (5) specific opportunities created in peptide engineering, and (6) cases of protein engineering with the analogues. The review aims to provide a summary to anyone interested in using proline analogues in systems ranging from specific biochemical setups to complex biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Rubini
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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2
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Abstract
In the design and development of therapeutic agents, macromolecules with restricted structures have stronger competitive edges than linear biological entities since cyclization can overcome the limitations of linear structures. The common issues of linear peptides include susceptibility to degradation of the peptidase enzyme, off-target effects, and necessity of routine dosing, leading to instability and ineffectiveness. The unique conformational constraint of cyclic peptides provides a larger surface area to interact with the target at the same time, improving the membrane permeability and in vivo stability compared to their linear counterparts. Currently, cyclic peptides have been reported to possess various activities, such as antifungal, antiviral and antimicrobial activities. To date, there is emerging interest in cyclic peptide therapeutics, and increasing numbers of clinically approved cyclic peptide drugs are available on the market. In this review, the medical significance of cyclic peptides in the defence against viral infections will be highlighted. Except for chikungunya virus, which lacks specific antiviral treatment, all the viral diseases targeted in this review are those with effective treatments yet with certain limitations to date. Thus, strategies and approaches to optimise the antiviral effect of cyclic peptides will be discussed along with their respective outcomes. Apart from isolated naturally occurring cyclic peptides, chemically synthesized or modified cyclic peptides with antiviral activities targeting coronavirus, herpes simplex viruses, human immunodeficiency virus, Ebola virus, influenza virus, dengue virus, five main hepatitis viruses, termed as type A, B, C, D and E and chikungunya virus will be reviewed herein. Graphical Abstract
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3
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Kijewska M, Koch T, Waliczek M, Konieczny A, Stefanowicz P, Szewczuk Z. Selective ESI-MS detection of carbonyl containing compounds by aminooxyacetic acid immobilized on a resin. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1176:338767. [PMID: 34399903 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
There are numerous examples of bioactive compounds containing carbonyl groups including modified proteins with oxidation of side chain of amino acid residues to aldehyde/ketone groups which are frequently considered as markers of oxidative stress. The carbonyl unit can be also distinguished as a substructure in many illegal drugs including anabolic steroids as well as cations derivatives. Based on chemoselective formation of oximes by solid phase immobilized hydroxylamine derivatives we proposed the protocol for derivatization and selective detection of carbonylated compounds in human serum albumin hydrolysate as a complex peptide mixture and of testosterone in urine samples. This allowed for the removal of the matrix and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the derivatized analyte by LC-MS/MS (or LC-MRM). Herein we report the preparation and chemical characterization of a novel, ChemMatrix - based resin functionalized with aminooxyacetic acid (AOA). The hydroxylamine moiety in this resin is combined with a peptide linker (GRG) containing an arginine residue to enhance the ionization efficiency. Application of an isotopically labeled carbonylated peptide ((H-Leu-Val-Thr(O)-Asp-Leu-Thr-Lys [13C6,15N2]-OH and testosterone-d3 allowed us to carry out quantitative analyses of detected compounds. Our method is general and may be applied for analysis of carbonylated compounds in biological samples. Our method based on application of functionalized resin allowed to quantify the level of free testosterone in small sample (0.5 mL) of urine, while the non-derivatized testosterone from urine sample was not detected during direct LC-MRM analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kijewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Koch
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Waliczek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Konieczny
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Stefanowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Szewczuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
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4
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Hadpech S, Moonmuang S, Chupradit K, Yasamut U, Tayapiwatana C. Updating on Roles of HIV Intrinsic Factors: A Review of Their Antiviral Mechanisms and Emerging Functions. Intervirology 2021; 65:67-79. [PMID: 34464956 DOI: 10.1159/000519241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host restriction factors are cellular proteins that inhibit specific steps of the viral life cycle. Since the 1970s, several new factors have been identified, including human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) replication restriction. Evidence accumulated in the last decade has substantially broadened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms utilized to abrogate the HIV-1 life cycle. SUMMARY In this review, we focus on the interaction between host restriction factors participating in the early phase of HIV-1 infection, particularly CA-targeting proteins. Host factors involved in the late phase of the replication cycle, such as viral assembly and egress factors, are also described. Additionally, current reports on well-known antiviral intrinsic factors, as well as other viral restriction factors with their emerging roles, are included. CONCLUSION A comprehensive understanding of the interactions between viruses and hosts is expected to provide insight into the design of novel HIV-1 therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarat Hadpech
- Division of Pharmacology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chon Buri, Thailand
| | - Sutpirat Moonmuang
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Koollawat Chupradit
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Siriraj Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Umpa Yasamut
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Innovative Immunodiagnostic Development, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Tayapiwatana
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Innovative Immunodiagnostic Development, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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5
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Zhao XZ, Liu F, Burke TR. Application of Post Solid-Phase Oxime Ligation to Fine-Tune Peptide-Protein Interactions. Molecules 2020; 25:E2807. [PMID: 32570752 PMCID: PMC7356984 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) represent an extremely attractive class of potential new targets for therapeutic intervention; however, the shallow extended character of many PPIs can render developing inhibitors against them as exceptionally difficult. Yet this problem can be made tractable by taking advantage of the fact that large interacting surfaces are often characterized by confined "hot spot" regions, where interactions contribute disproportionately to overall binding energies. Peptides afford valuable starting points for developing PPI inhibitors because of their high degrees of functional diversity and conformational adaptability. Unfortunately, contacts afforded by the 20 natural amino acids may be suboptimal and inefficient for accessing both canonical binding interactions and transient "cryptic" binding pockets. Oxime ligation represents a class of biocompatible "click" chemistry that allows the structural diversity of libraries of aldehydes to be rapidly evaluated within the context of a parent oxime-containing peptide platform. Importantly, oxime ligation represents a form of post solid-phase diversification, which provides a facile and empirical means of identifying unanticipated protein-peptide interactions that may substantially increase binding affinities and selectivity. The current review will focus on the authors' use of peptide ligation to optimize PPI antagonists directed against several targets, including tumor susceptibility gene 101 (Tsg101), protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) and the polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1). This should provide insights that can be broadly directed against an almost unlimited range of physiologically important PPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhi Zhao
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Fa Liu
- Discovery Chemistry, Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;
| | - Terrence R. Burke
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
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6
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Hentzen NB, Smeenk LEJ, Witek J, Riniker S, Wennemers H. Cross-Linked Collagen Triple Helices by Oxime Ligation. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:12815-12820. [PMID: 28872857 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Covalent cross-links are crucial for the folding and stability of triple-helical collagen, the most abundant protein in nature. Cross-linking is also an attractive strategy for the development of synthetic collagen-based biocompatible materials. Nature uses interchain disulfide bridges to stabilize collagen trimers. However, their implementation into synthetic collagen is difficult and requires the replacement of the canonical amino acids (4R)-hydroxyproline and proline by cysteine or homocysteine, which reduces the preorganization and thereby stability of collagen triple helices. We therefore explored alternative covalent cross-links that allow for connecting triple-helical collagen via proline residues. Here, we present collagen model peptides that are cross-linked by oxime bonds between 4-aminooxyproline (Aop) and 4-oxoacetamidoproline placed in coplanar Xaa and Yaa positions of neighboring strands. The covalently connected strands folded into hyperstable collagen triple helices (Tm ≈ 80 °C). The design of the cross-links was guided by an analysis of the conformational properties of Aop, studies on the stability and functionalization of Aop-containing collagen triple helices, and molecular dynamics simulations. The studies also show that the aminooxy group exerts a stereoelectronic effect comparable to fluorine and introduce oxime ligation as a tool for the functionalization of synthetic collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina B Hentzen
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich , D-CHAB, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Linde E J Smeenk
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich , D-CHAB, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jagna Witek
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich , D-CHAB, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sereina Riniker
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich , D-CHAB, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Helma Wennemers
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich , D-CHAB, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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7
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Chelushkin PS, Leko MV, Dorosh MY, Burov SV. Oxime ligation in acetic acid: efficient synthesis of aminooxy-peptide conjugates. J Pept Sci 2016; 23:13-15. [PMID: 27699914 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Oxime ligation is a powerful tool in various bioconjugation strategies. Nevertheless, high reaction rates and quantitative yields are typically reported for aldehyde-derived compounds. In contrary, keto groups react much slower, with quantitative yields achieved at 5 h for low-molecular weight compounds and more than 15 h for polymers or dendrimers. In this communication, we report that oxime ligation proceeds rapidly with quantitative (>95%) conversion within 1.5-2 h in pure acetic acid. The practical utility of suggested technique is illustrated by the synthesis of peptide-steroid and peptide-polymer conjugates of model aminooxy-peptides. Copyright © 2016 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel S Chelushkin
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, RAS, Bolshoy prospekt 31, Saint Petersburg, 199004, Russia
| | - Maria V Leko
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, RAS, Bolshoy prospekt 31, Saint Petersburg, 199004, Russia
| | - Marina Yu Dorosh
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, RAS, Bolshoy prospekt 31, Saint Petersburg, 199004, Russia
| | - Sergey V Burov
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, RAS, Bolshoy prospekt 31, Saint Petersburg, 199004, Russia
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8
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Interactions of HIV-1 proteins as targets for developing anti-HIV-1 peptides. Future Med Chem 2015; 7:1055-77. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein–protein interactions (PPI) are essential in every step of the HIV replication cycle. Mapping the interactions between viral and host proteins is a fundamental target for the design and development of new therapeutics. In this review, we focus on rational development of anti-HIV-1 peptides based on mapping viral–host and viral–viral protein interactions all across the HIV-1 replication cycle. We also discuss the mechanism of action, specificity and stability of these peptides, which are designed to inhibit PPI. Some of these peptides are excellent tools to study the mechanisms of PPI in HIV-1 replication cycle and for the development of anti-HIV-1 drug leads that modulate PPI.
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9
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Pandey AK, Naduthambi D, Thomas KM, Zondlo NJ. Proline editing: a general and practical approach to the synthesis of functionally and structurally diverse peptides. Analysis of steric versus stereoelectronic effects of 4-substituted prolines on conformation within peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:4333-63. [PMID: 23402492 PMCID: PMC4209921 DOI: 10.1021/ja3109664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized proline residues have diverse applications. Herein we describe a practical approach, proline editing, for the synthesis of peptides with stereospecifically modified proline residues. Peptides are synthesized by standard solid-phase peptide synthesis to incorporate Fmoc-hydroxyproline (4R-Hyp). In an automated manner, the Hyp hydroxyl is protected and the remainder of the peptide synthesized. After peptide synthesis, the Hyp protecting group is orthogonally removed and Hyp selectively modified to generate substituted proline amino acids, with the peptide main chain functioning to "protect" the proline amino and carboxyl groups. In a model tetrapeptide (Ac-TYPN-NH2), 4R-Hyp was stereospecifically converted to 122 different 4-substituted prolyl amino acids, with 4R or 4S stereochemistry, via Mitsunobu, oxidation, reduction, acylation, and substitution reactions. 4-Substituted prolines synthesized via proline editing include incorporated structured amino acid mimetics (Cys, Asp/Glu, Phe, Lys, Arg, pSer/pThr), recognition motifs (biotin, RGD), electron-withdrawing groups to induce stereoelectronic effects (fluoro, nitrobenzoate), handles for heteronuclear NMR ((19)F:fluoro; pentafluorophenyl or perfluoro-tert-butyl ether; 4,4-difluoro; (77)SePh) and other spectroscopies (fluorescence, IR: cyanophenyl ether), leaving groups (sulfonate, halide, NHS, bromoacetate), and other reactive handles (amine, thiol, thioester, ketone, hydroxylamine, maleimide, acrylate, azide, alkene, alkyne, aryl halide, tetrazine, 1,2-aminothiol). Proline editing provides access to these proline derivatives with no solution-phase synthesis. All peptides were analyzed by NMR to identify stereoelectronic and steric effects on conformation. Proline derivatives were synthesized to permit bioorthogonal conjugation reactions, including azide-alkyne, tetrazine-trans-cyclooctene, oxime, reductive amination, native chemical ligation, Suzuki, Sonogashira, cross-metathesis, and Diels-Alder reactions. These proline derivatives allowed three parallel bioorthogonal reactions to be conducted in one solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K. Pandey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark DE 19716
| | - Devan Naduthambi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark DE 19716
| | - Krista M. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark DE 19716
| | - Neal J. Zondlo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark DE 19716
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10
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Liu F, Park JE, Qian WJ, Lim D, Scharow A, Berg T, Yaffe MB, Lee KS, Burke TR. Identification of high affinity polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) polo-box domain binding peptides using oxime-based diversification. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:805-10. [PMID: 22292814 PMCID: PMC3355227 DOI: 10.1021/cb200469a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to develop improved binding antagonists of the polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) polo-box domain (PBD), we optimized interactions of the known high affinity 5-mer peptide PLHSpT using oxime-based post solid-phase peptide diversification of the N-terminal Pro residue. This allowed us to achieve up to two orders of magnitude potency enhancement. An X-ray crystal structure of the highest affinity analogue in complex with Plk1 PBD revealed new binding interactions in a hydrophobic channel that had been occluded in X-ray structures of the unliganded protein. This study represents an important example where amino acid modification by post solid-phase oxime ligation can facilitate the development of protein-protein interaction inhibitors by identifying new binding pockets that would not otherwise be accessible to coded amino acid residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Liu
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Molecular Discovery Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, U. S. A
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, U. S. A
| | - Wen-Jian Qian
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Molecular Discovery Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, U. S. A
| | - Dan Lim
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, U. S. A
| | - Andrej Scharow
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Berg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael B. Yaffe
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, U. S. A
| | - Kyung S. Lee
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, U. S. A
| | - Terrence R. Burke
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Molecular Discovery Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, U. S. A
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11
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Bahta M, Liu F, Kim SE, Stephen AG, Fisher RJ, Burke TR. Oxime-based linker libraries as a general approach for the rapid generation and screening of multidentate inhibitors. Nat Protoc 2012; 7:686-702. [PMID: 22422315 PMCID: PMC3727389 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2012.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The described oxime-based library protocol provides detailed procedures for the linkage of aminooxy functionality with aldehyde building blocks that result in the generation of libraries of multidentate inhibitors. Synthesis of inhibitors for protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) and antagonists directed against the human tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) are shown as examples. Three steps are involved: (i) the design and synthesis of aminooxy platforms; (ii) tethering with aldehydes to form oxime-based linkages with sufficient purity; and (iii) direct in vitro biological evaluation of oxime products without purification. Each coupling reaction is (i) performed in capped microtubes at room temperature (20-23 °C); (ii) diluted for inhibitory evaluation; and (iii) screened with targets in microplates to provide IC(50) or K(d) values. The synthesis of the aminooxy platforms takes 3-5 d; tethering with the aldehydes takes 24 h; and inhibition assay of enzymes and protein-protein interactions takes 30 min and 2 h, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medhanit Bahta
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Molecular Discovery Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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12
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Kim SE, Liu F, Im YJ, Stephen AG, Fivash MJ, Waheed AA, Freed EO, Fisher RJ, Hurley JH, Burke TR. Elucidation of New Binding Interactions with the Tumor Susceptibility Gene 101 (Tsg101) Protein Using Modified HIV-1 Gag-p6 Derived Peptide Ligands. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:337-341. [PMID: 21643473 DOI: 10.1021/ml1002579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting protein-protein interactions is gaining greater recognition as an attractive approach to therapeutic development. An example of this may be found with the human cellular protein encoded by the tumor susceptibility gene 101 (Tsg101), where interaction with the p6 C-terminal domain of the nascent viral Gag protein is required for HIV-1 particle budding and release. This association of Gag with Tsg101 is highly dependent on a "Pro-Thr-Ala-Pro" ("PTAP") peptide sequence within the p6 protein. Although p6-derived peptides offer potential starting points for developing Tsg101-binding inhibitors, the affinities of canonical peptides are outside the useful range (K(d) values greater than 50 μM). Reported herein are crystal structures of Tsg101 in complex with two structurally-modified PTAP-derived peptides. This data define new regions of ligand interaction not previously identified with canonical peptide sequences. This information could be highly useful in the design of Tsg101-binding antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Kim
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Molecular, Discovery Program, CCR, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Fa Liu
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Molecular, Discovery Program, CCR, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | | | | | - Matthew J. Fivash
- Data Management Systems, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Abdul A. Waheed
- HIV Drug Resistance Program, CCR, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Eric O. Freed
- HIV Drug Resistance Program, CCR, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | | | | | - Terrence R. Burke
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Molecular, Discovery Program, CCR, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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13
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Bahta M, Lountos GT, Dyas B, Kim SE, Ulrich RG, Waugh DS, Burke TR. Utilization of nitrophenylphosphates and oxime-based ligation for the development of nanomolar affinity inhibitors of the Yersinia pestis outer protein H (YopH) phosphatase. J Med Chem 2011; 54:2933-43. [PMID: 21443195 PMCID: PMC3085962 DOI: 10.1021/jm200022g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Our current study reports the first K(M) optimization of a library of nitrophenylphosphate-containing substrates for generating an inhibitor lead against the Yersinia pestis outer protein phosphatase (YopH). A high activity substrate identified by this method (K(M) = 80 μM) was converted from a substrate into an inhibitor by replacement of its phosphate group with difluoromethylphosphonic acid and by attachment of an aminooxy handle for further structural optimization by oxime ligation. A cocrystal structure of this aminooxy-containing platform in complex with YopH allowed the identification of a conserved water molecule proximal to the aminooxy group that was subsequently employed for the design of furanyl-based oxime derivatives. By this process, a potent (IC(50) = 190 nM) and nonpromiscuous inhibitor was developed with good YopH selectivity relative to a panel of phosphatases. The inhibitor showed significant inhibition of intracellular Y. pestis replication at a noncytotoxic concentration. The current work presents general approaches to PTP inhibitor development that may be useful beyond YopH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medhanit Bahta
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Molecular Discovery Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, U.S.A
| | - George T. Lountos
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, U.S.A
| | - Beverly Dyas
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland 21702, U.S.A
| | - Sung-Eun Kim
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Molecular Discovery Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, U.S.A
| | - Robert G. Ulrich
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland 21702, U.S.A
| | - David S. Waugh
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, U.S.A
| | - Terrence R. Burke
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Molecular Discovery Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, U.S.A
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14
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Liu F, Stephen AG, Waheed AA, Freed EO, Fisher RJ, Burke TR. Application of ring-closing metathesis macrocyclization to the development of Tsg101-binding antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:318-21. [PMID: 19914066 PMCID: PMC2818493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.10.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Revised: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 viral budding involves binding of the viral Gag(p6) protein to the ubiquitin E2 variant domain of the human tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein (Tsg101). Recognition of p6 by Tsg101 is mediated in part by a proline-rich motif that contains the sequence 'Pro-Thr-Ala-Pro' ('PTAP'). Using the p6-derived 9-mer sequence 'PEPTAPPEE', we had previously improved peptide binding affinity by employing N-alkylglycine ('peptoid') residues. The current study applies ring-closing metathesis macrocyclization strategies to Tsg101-binding peptide-peptoid hybrids as an approach to stabilize binding conformations and to observe the effects of such macrocyclization on Tsg101-binding affinity and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Liu
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, National Institutes of Health Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Andrew G. Stephen
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc. NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Abdul A. Waheed
- HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, National Institutes of Health Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Eric O. Freed
- HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, National Institutes of Health Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Robert J. Fisher
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc. NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Terrence R. Burke
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, National Institutes of Health Frederick, MD 21702
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15
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Swamy KCK, Kumar NNB, Balaraman E, Kumar KVPP. Mitsunobu and Related Reactions: Advances and Applications. Chem Rev 2009; 109:2551-651. [PMID: 19382806 DOI: 10.1021/cr800278z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 873] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. C. Kumara Swamy
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad − 500046, A. P., India
| | - N. N. Bhuvan Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad − 500046, A. P., India
| | - E. Balaraman
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad − 500046, A. P., India
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16
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Tavassoli A, Lu Q, Gam J, Pan H, Benkovic SJ, Cohen SN. Inhibition of HIV budding by a genetically selected cyclic peptide targeting the Gag-TSG101 interaction. ACS Chem Biol 2008; 3:757-64. [PMID: 19053244 DOI: 10.1021/cb800193n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The egress of HIV particles from virus-infected cells is accomplished by the recruitment of proteins that normally mediate host cell endocytic functions. This process requires interaction of the HIV Gag protein with the host protein TSG101 (tumor susceptibility gene 101). Here, we report the use of a bacterial reverse two-hybrid system to identify cyclic peptides that interfere with the Gag-TSG101 interaction and the finding that a five amino acid peptide discovered by this approach can disrupt the interaction and consequently inhibit HIV egress. The inhibiting molecule, which was selected from a cyclic peptide library containing approximately 3.2 x 10(6) members, differs in primary sequence from the interacting sites of either TSG101 or Gag. Addition of cyclic peptide tagged with an HIV Tat sequence, which previously has been shown to enhance protein translocation across plasma membranes, to cultured human cells inhibited the production of virus-like particles (VLPs) by these cells (IC(50) of 7 microM), and this inhibition occurred in the absence of adverse affects on normal endocytic functions mediated by TSG101. A mutant Gag protein not dependent on TSG101 for release was unaffected by the cyclic peptide. Our findings, which suggest that interference with the TSG101-Gag interaction by cyclic peptides may be of practical use in the treatment of HIV infections, identify a specific cyclic peptide that reduces VLP release by this mechanism; they also demonstrate that the efficiency of interference with protein-protein interactions by cyclic peptides can be enhanced by tagging the peptides with translocation-promoting sequences. Collectively our results support the notion that small molecule therapeutics that inhibit specific interactions between viral and host proteins may have general applicability in antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Tavassoli
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Quan Lu
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Jongsik Gam
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Hui Pan
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Stephen J. Benkovic
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Stanley N. Cohen
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
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17
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Liu F, Stephen AG, Waheed AA, Aman MJ, Freed EO, Fisher RJ, Burke TR. SAR by oxime-containing peptide libraries: application to Tsg101 ligand optimization. Chembiochem 2008; 9:2000-4. [PMID: 18655064 PMCID: PMC2581409 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 viral assembly requires a direct interaction between a Pro-Thr-Ala-Pro ("PTAP") motif in the viral protein Gag-p6 and the cellular endosomal sorting factor Tsg101. In an effort to develop competitive inhibitors of this interaction, an SAR study was conducted based on the application of post solid-phase oxime formation involving the sequential insertion of aminooxy-containing residues within a nonamer parent peptide followed by reaction with libraries of aldehydes. Approximately 15-20-fold enhancement in binding affinity was achieved by this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Liu
- Dr. F. Liu, Dr. T. R. Burke, Jr., Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CCR, NCI-Frederick, Building 376 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702 (USA)
| | - Andrew G. Stephen
- Dr. A. G. Stephen, Dr. R. J. Fisher, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc. NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 (USA)
| | - Abdul A. Waheed
- Dr. A. A. Waheed, Dr. E. O. Freed, HIV Drug Resistance Program, CCR, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 (USA)
| | - M. Javad Aman
- Dr. M. J. Aman, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702 (USA)
| | - Eric O. Freed
- Dr. A. A. Waheed, Dr. E. O. Freed, HIV Drug Resistance Program, CCR, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 (USA)
| | - Robert J. Fisher
- Dr. A. G. Stephen, Dr. R. J. Fisher, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc. NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 (USA)
| | - Terrence R. Burke
- Dr. F. Liu, Dr. T. R. Burke, Jr., Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CCR, NCI-Frederick, Building 376 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702 (USA)
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18
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Liu F, Thomas J, Burke TR. Synthesis of a Homologous Series of Side Chain Extended Orthogonally-Protected Aminooxy-Containing Amino Acids. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2008; 15:2432-2438. [PMID: 19122755 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1078600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Practical methodology is reported for the synthesis of a homologous series of side chain extended amino acids containing aminooxy functionality bearing orthogonal protection suitable for Fmoc peptide synthesis. These reagents may be useful for the preparation of libraries containing fragments joined by peptide linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Liu
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CCR, NCI-Frederick, NIH, Bldg. 376 Boyles St., Frederick, Maryland 21702, Fax 301-846-6033
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