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Freed EO. The 15th Anniversary of Viruses: An Unwavering Commitment to Serving the Virology Community. Viruses 2024; 16:486. [PMID: 38675829 PMCID: PMC11054117 DOI: 10.3390/v16040486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
It is often said that two things in life are certain: death and taxes [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric O Freed
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
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2
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Hikichi Y, Grover JR, Schäfer A, Mothes W, Freed EO. Epistatic pathways can drive HIV-1 escape from integrase strand transfer inhibitors. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadn0042. [PMID: 38427738 PMCID: PMC10906922 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receiving integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) have been reported to experience virological failure in the absence of resistance mutations in integrase. To elucidate INSTI resistance mechanisms, we propagated HIV-1 in the presence of escalating concentrations of the INSTI dolutegravir. HIV-1 became resistant to dolutegravir by sequentially acquiring mutations in the envelope glycoprotein (Env) and the nucleocapsid protein. The selected Env mutations enhance the ability of the virus to spread via cell-cell transfer, thereby increasing the multiplicity of infection (MOI). While the selected Env mutations confer broad resistance to multiple classes of antiretrovirals, the fold resistance is ~2 logs higher for INSTIs than for other classes of drugs. We demonstrate that INSTIs are more readily overwhelmed by high MOI than other classes of antiretrovirals. Our findings advance the understanding of how HIV-1 can evolve resistance to antiretrovirals, including the potent INSTIs, in the absence of drug-target gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Hikichi
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Grover
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alicia Schäfer
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eric O. Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
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3
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Musier-Forsyth K, Rein A, Freed EO. Tribute to Dr. Judith G. Levin (1934-2023). Viruses 2024; 16:178. [PMID: 38399955 PMCID: PMC10893463 DOI: 10.3390/v16020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Dr. Judith G. Levin passed away in Teaneck, NJ, USA, on 8 December 2023 [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Musier-Forsyth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Retrovirus Research, Center for RNA Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Alan Rein
- Retroviral Assembly Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Eric O. Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
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4
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Yoo SW, Waheed AA, Deme P, Tohumeken S, Rais R, Smith MD, DeMarino C, Calabresi PA, Kashanchi F, Freed EO, Slusher BS, Haughey NJ. Inhibition of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 impairs HIV-1 envelope formation and substantially delays or eliminates viral rebound. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219543120. [PMID: 37406092 PMCID: PMC10334757 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219543120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although HIV-1 Gag is known to drive viral assembly and budding, the precise mechanisms by which the lipid composition of the plasma membrane is remodeled during assembly are incompletely understood. Here, we provide evidence that the sphingomyelin hydrolase neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) interacts with HIV-1 Gag and through the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin creates ceramide that is necessary for proper formation of the viral envelope and viral maturation. Inhibition or depletion of nSMase2 resulted in the production of noninfectious HIV-1 virions with incomplete Gag lattices lacking condensed conical cores. Inhibition of nSMase2 in HIV-1-infected humanized mouse models with a potent and selective inhibitor of nSMase2 termed PDDC [phenyl(R)-(1-(3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2, 6-dimethylimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-8-yl) pyrrolidin-3-yl)-carbamate] produced a linear reduction in levels of HIV-1 in plasma. If undetectable plasma levels of HIV-1 were achieved with PDDC treatment, viral rebound did not occur for up to 4 wk when PDDC was discontinued. In vivo and tissue culture results suggest that PDDC selectively kills cells with actively replicating HIV-1. Collectively, this work demonstrates that nSMase2 is a critical regulator of HIV-1 replication and suggests that nSMase2 could be an important therapeutic target with the potential to kill HIV-1-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Wan Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21210
| | - Abdul A. Waheed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV-1 Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD21702
| | - Pragney Deme
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21210
| | - Sehmus Tohumeken
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21210
| | - Rana Rais
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Matthew D. Smith
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21210
| | - Catherine DeMarino
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA20110
| | - Peter A. Calabresi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21210
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA20110
| | - Eric O. Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV-1 Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD21702
| | - Barbara S. Slusher
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21210
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21210
- Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21210
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21224
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21210
| | - Norman J. Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21210
- Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21210
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5
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Waheed AA, Zhu Y, Agostino E, Naing L, Hikichi Y, Soheilian F, Yoo SW, Song Y, Zhang P, Slusher BS, Haughey NJ, Freed EO. Neutral sphingomyelinase 2 is required for HIV-1 maturation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219475120. [PMID: 37406093 PMCID: PMC10334776 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219475120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 assembly occurs at the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane (PM) in highly ordered membrane microdomains. The size and stability of membrane microdomains is regulated by activity of the sphingomyelin hydrolase neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) that is localized primarily to the inner leaflet of the PM. In this study, we demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition or depletion of nSMase2 in HIV-1-producer cells results in a block in the processing of the major viral structural polyprotein Gag and the production of morphologically aberrant, immature HIV-1 particles with severely impaired infectivity. We find that disruption of nSMase2 also severely inhibits the maturation and infectivity of other primate lentiviruses HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus, has a modest or no effect on nonprimate lentiviruses equine infectious anemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus, and has no effect on the gammaretrovirus murine leukemia virus. These studies demonstrate a key role for nSMase2 in HIV-1 particle morphogenesis and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul A. Waheed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD21702
| | - Yanan Zhu
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Agostino
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD21702
| | - Lwar Naing
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD21702
| | - Yuta Hikichi
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD21702
| | - Ferri Soheilian
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD21702
| | - Seung-Wan Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Yun Song
- Electron Bio-Imaging Centre, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, DidcotOX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Peijun Zhang
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 7BN, United Kingdom
- Electron Bio-Imaging Centre, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, DidcotOX11 0DE, United Kingdom
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara S. Slusher
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Norman J. Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Eric O. Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD21702
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6
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Kleinpeter AB, Zhu Y, Mallery DL, Ablan SD, Chen L, Hardenbrook N, Saiardi A, James LC, Zhang P, Freed EO. The Effect of Inositol Hexakisphosphate on HIV-1 Particle Production and Infectivity can be Modulated by Mutations that Affect the Stability of the Immature Gag Lattice. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168037. [PMID: 37330292 PMCID: PMC10544863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of an HIV-1 particle begins with the construction of a spherical lattice composed of hexamer subunits of the Gag polyprotein. The cellular metabolite inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) binds and stabilizes the immature Gag lattice via an interaction with the six-helix bundle (6HB), a crucial structural feature of Gag hexamers that modulates both virus assembly and infectivity. The 6HB must be stable enough to promote immature Gag lattice formation, but also flexible enough to be accessible to the viral protease, which cleaves the 6HB during particle maturation. 6HB cleavage liberates the capsid (CA) domain of Gag from the adjacent spacer peptide 1 (SP1) and IP6 from its binding site. This pool of IP6 molecules then promotes the assembly of CA into the mature conical capsid that is required for infection. Depletion of IP6 in virus-producer cells results in severe defects in assembly and infectivity of wild-type (WT) virions. Here we show that in an SP1 double mutant (M4L/T8I) with a hyperstable 6HB, IP6 can block virion infectivity by preventing CA-SP1 processing. Thus, depletion of IP6 in virus-producer cells markedly increases M4L/T8I CA-SP1 processing and infectivity. We also show that the introduction of the M4L/T8I mutations partially rescues the assembly and infectivity defects induced by IP6 depletion on WT virions, likely by increasing the affinity of the immature lattice for limiting IP6. These findings reinforce the importance of the 6HB in virus assembly, maturation, and infection and highlight the ability of IP6 to modulate 6HB stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex B Kleinpeter
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA. https://twitter.com/AlexKleinpeter
| | - Yanan Zhu
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Donna L Mallery
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Sherimay D Ablan
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Long Chen
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Nathan Hardenbrook
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Adolfo Saiardi
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK. https://twitter.com/SaiardiLab
| | - Leo C James
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. https://twitter.com/JamesLab9
| | - Peijun Zhang
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.
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7
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Sarkar S, Zadrozny KK, Zadorozhnyi R, Russell RW, Quinn CM, Kleinpeter A, Ablan S, Meshkin H, Perilla JR, Freed EO, Ganser-Pornillos BK, Pornillos O, Gronenborn AM, Polenova T. Structural basis of HIV-1 maturation inhibitor binding and activity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1237. [PMID: 36871077 PMCID: PMC9985623 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 maturation inhibitors (MIs), Bevirimat (BVM) and its analogs interfere with the catalytic cleavage of spacer peptide 1 (SP1) from the capsid protein C-terminal domain (CACTD), by binding to and stabilizing the CACTD-SP1 region. MIs are under development as alternative drugs to augment current antiretroviral therapies. Although promising, their mechanism of action and associated virus resistance pathways remain poorly understood at the molecular, biochemical, and structural levels. We report atomic-resolution magic-angle-spinning NMR structures of microcrystalline assemblies of CACTD-SP1 complexed with BVM and/or the assembly cofactor inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6). Our results reveal a mechanism by which BVM disrupts maturation, tightening the 6-helix bundle pore and quenching the motions of SP1 and the simultaneously bound IP6. In addition, BVM-resistant SP1-A1V and SP1-V7A variants exhibit distinct conformational and binding characteristics. Taken together, our study provides a structural explanation for BVM resistance as well as guidance for the design of new MIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucharita Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Kaneil K Zadrozny
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Roman Zadorozhnyi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Ryan W Russell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Caitlin M Quinn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Alex Kleinpeter
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA
| | - Sherimay Ablan
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA
| | - Hamed Meshkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Juan R Perilla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Eric O Freed
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA
| | - Barbie K Ganser-Pornillos
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Owen Pornillos
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Angela M Gronenborn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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8
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Renner N, Kleinpeter A, Mallery DL, Albecka A, Rifat Faysal KM, Böcking T, Saiardi A, Freed EO, James LC. HIV-1 is dependent on its immature lattice to recruit IP6 for mature capsid assembly. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:370-382. [PMID: 36624347 PMCID: PMC7614341 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 Gag metamorphoses inside each virion, from an immature lattice that forms during viral production to a mature capsid that drives infection. Here we show that the immature lattice is required to concentrate the cellular metabolite inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) into virions to catalyze mature capsid assembly. Disabling the ability of HIV-1 to enrich IP6 does not prevent immature lattice formation or production of the virus. However, without sufficient IP6 molecules inside each virion, HIV-1 can no longer build a stable capsid and fails to become infectious. IP6 cannot be replaced by other inositol phosphate (IP) molecules, as substitution with other IPs profoundly slows mature assembly kinetics and results in virions with gross morphological defects. Our results demonstrate that while HIV-1 can become independent of IP6 for immature assembly, it remains dependent upon the metabolite for mature capsid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Renner
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alex Kleinpeter
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Donna L Mallery
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna Albecka
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK
| | - K M Rifat Faysal
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Till Böcking
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adolfo Saiardi
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Leo C James
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK.
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Fernandez-de Céspedes MV, Hoffman HK, Carter H, Simons LM, Naing L, Ablan SD, Scheiblin DA, Hultquist JF, van Engelenburg SB, Freed EO. Rab11-FIP1C Is Dispensable for HIV-1 Replication in Primary CD4 + T Cells, but Its Role Is Cell Type Dependent in Immortalized Human T-Cell Lines. J Virol 2022; 96:e0087622. [PMID: 36354340 PMCID: PMC9749476 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00876-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) contains a long cytoplasmic tail harboring highly conserved motifs that direct Env trafficking and incorporation into virions and promote efficient virus spread. The cellular trafficking factor Rab11a family interacting protein 1C (FIP1C) has been implicated in the directed trafficking of Env to sites of viral assembly. In this study, we confirm that small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of FIP1C in HeLa cells modestly reduces Env incorporation into virions. To determine whether FIP1C is required for Env incorporation and HIV-1 replication in physiologically relevant cells, CRISPR-Cas9 technology was used to knock out the expression of this protein in several human T-cell lines-Jurkat E6.1, SupT1, and H9-and in primary human CD4+ T cells. FIP1C knockout caused modest reductions in Env incorporation in SupT1 cells but did not inhibit virus replication in SupT1 or Jurkat E6.1 T cells. In H9 cells, FIP1C knockout caused a cell density-dependent defect in virus replication. In primary CD4+ T cells, FIP1C knockout had no effect on HIV-1 replication. Furthermore, human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-transformed cell lines that are permissive for HIV-1 replication do not express FIP1C. Mutation of an aromatic motif in the Env cytoplasmic tail (Y795W) implicated in FIP1C-mediated Env incorporation impaired virus replication independently of FIP1C expression in SupT1, Jurkat E6.1, H9, and primary T cells. Together, these results indicate that while FIP1C may contribute to HIV-1 Env incorporation in some contexts, additional and potentially redundant host factors are likely required for Env incorporation and virus dissemination in T cells. IMPORTANCE The incorporation of the HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoproteins, gp120 and gp41, into virus particles is critical for virus infectivity. gp41 contains a long cytoplasmic tail that has been proposed to interact with host cell factors, including the trafficking factor Rab11a family interacting protein 1C (FIP1C). To investigate the role of FIP1C in relevant cell types-human T-cell lines and primary CD4+ T cells-we used CRISPR-Cas9 to knock out FIP1C expression and examined the effect on HIV-1 Env incorporation and virus replication. We observed that in two of the T-cell lines examined (Jurkat E6.1 and SupT1) and in primary CD4+ T cells, FIP1C knockout did not disrupt HIV-1 replication, whereas FIP1C knockout reduced Env expression and delayed replication in H9 cells. The results indicate that while FIP1C may contribute to Env incorporation in some cell lines, it is not an essential factor for efficient HIV-1 replication in primary CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hannah Carter
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Lacy M. Simons
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Havey Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lwar Naing
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Sherimay D. Ablan
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - David A. Scheiblin
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Judd F. Hultquist
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Havey Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Eric O. Freed
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Vilmen
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Anirban Banerjee
- Section on Structural and Chemical Biology of Membrane Proteins, Neurosciences, and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA.
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11
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Zeng C, Waheed AA, Li T, Yu J, Zheng YM, Yount JS, Wen H, Freed EO, Liu SL. SERINC proteins potentiate antiviral type I IFN production and proinflammatory signaling pathways. Sci Signal 2021; 14:eabc7611. [PMID: 34520227 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abc7611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zeng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Abdul A Waheed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Tianliang Li
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jingyou Yu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yi-Min Zheng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jacob S Yount
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Haitao Wen
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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12
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Puthenveetil R, Lun CM, Murphy RE, Healy LB, Vilmen G, Christenson ET, Freed EO, Banerjee A. S-acylation of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: Mechanistic dissection, in vitro reconstitution and role in viral infectivity. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101112. [PMID: 34428449 PMCID: PMC8379822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
S-acylation, also known as palmitoylation, is the most widely prevalent form of protein lipidation, whereby long-chain fatty acids get attached to cysteine residues facing the cytosol. In humans, 23 members of the zDHHC family of integral membrane enzymes catalyze this modification. S-acylation is critical for the life cycle of many enveloped viruses. The Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, has the most cysteine-rich cytoplasmic tail among known human pathogens in the closely related family of β-coronaviruses; however, it is unclear which of the cytoplasmic cysteines are S-acylated, and what the impact of this modification is on viral infectivity. Here we identify specific cysteine clusters in the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 that are targets of S-acylation. Interestingly, when we investigated the effect of the cysteine clusters using pseudotyped virus, mutation of the same three clusters of cysteines severely compromised viral infectivity. We developed a library of expression constructs of human zDHHC enzymes and used them to identify zDHHC enzymes that can S-acylate SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. Finally, we reconstituted S-acylation of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein in vitro using purified zDHHC enzymes. We observe a striking heterogeneity in the S-acylation status of the different cysteines in our in cellulo experiments, which, remarkably, was recapitulated by the in vitro assay. Altogether, these results bolster our understanding of a poorly understood posttranslational modification integral to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. This study opens up avenues for further mechanistic dissection and lays the groundwork toward developing future strategies that could aid in the identification of targeted small-molecule modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbins Puthenveetil
- Section on Structural and Chemical Biology of Membrane Proteins, Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cheng Man Lun
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - R Elliot Murphy
- Section on Structural and Chemical Biology of Membrane Proteins, Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Liam B Healy
- Section on Structural and Chemical Biology of Membrane Proteins, Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Geraldine Vilmen
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric T Christenson
- Section on Structural and Chemical Biology of Membrane Proteins, Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Anirban Banerjee
- Section on Structural and Chemical Biology of Membrane Proteins, Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Hikichi
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA.
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14
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Mendonça L, Sun D, Ning J, Liu J, Kotecha A, Olek M, Frosio T, Fu X, Himes BA, Kleinpeter AB, Freed EO, Zhou J, Aiken C, Zhang P. CryoET structures of immature HIV Gag reveal six-helix bundle. Commun Biol 2021; 4:481. [PMID: 33863979 PMCID: PMC8052356 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01999-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Gag is the HIV structural precursor protein which is cleaved by viral protease to produce mature infectious viruses. Gag is a polyprotein composed of MA (matrix), CA (capsid), SP1, NC (nucleocapsid), SP2 and p6 domains. SP1, together with the last eight residues of CA, have been hypothesized to form a six-helix bundle responsible for the higher-order multimerization of Gag necessary for HIV particle assembly. However, the structure of the complete six-helix bundle has been elusive. Here, we determined the structures of both Gag in vitro assemblies and Gag viral-like particles (VLPs) to 4.2 Å and 4.5 Å resolutions using cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging by emClarity. A single amino acid mutation (T8I) in SP1 stabilizes the six-helix bundle, allowing to discern the entire CA-SP1 helix connecting to the NC domain. These structures provide a blueprint for future development of small molecule inhibitors that can lock SP1 in a stable helical conformation, interfere with virus maturation, and thus block HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Mendonça
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dapeng Sun
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jiying Ning
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jiwei Liu
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Abhay Kotecha
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mateusz Olek
- Electron Bio-Imaging Centre, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | - Thomas Frosio
- Electron Bio-Imaging Centre, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Xiaofeng Fu
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin A Himes
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alex B Kleinpeter
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christopher Aiken
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peijun Zhang
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Electron Bio-Imaging Centre, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.
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15
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Mallery DL, Kleinpeter AB, Renner N, Faysal KMR, Novikova M, Kiss L, Wilson MSC, Ahsan B, Ke Z, Briggs JAG, Saiardi A, Böcking T, Freed EO, James LC. A stable immature lattice packages IP 6 for HIV capsid maturation. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/11/eabe4716. [PMID: 33692109 PMCID: PMC7946374 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe4716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
HIV virion assembly begins with the construction of an immature lattice consisting of Gag hexamers. Upon virion release, protease-mediated Gag cleavage leads to a maturation event in which the immature lattice disassembles and the mature capsid assembles. The cellular metabolite inositiol hexakisphosphate (IP6) and maturation inhibitors (MIs) both bind and stabilize immature Gag hexamers, but whereas IP6 promotes virus maturation, MIs inhibit it. Here we show that HIV is evolutionarily constrained to maintain an immature lattice stability that ensures IP6 packaging without preventing maturation. Replication-deficient mutant viruses with reduced IP6 recruitment display increased infectivity upon treatment with the MI PF46396 (PF96) or the acquisition of second-site compensatory mutations. Both PF96 and second-site mutations stabilise the immature lattice and restore IP6 incorporation, suggesting that immature lattice stability and IP6 binding are interdependent. This IP6 dependence suggests that modifying MIs to compete with IP6 for Gag hexamer binding could substantially improve MI antiviral potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna L Mallery
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Alex B Kleinpeter
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Nadine Renner
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - K M Rifat Faysal
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mariia Novikova
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Leo Kiss
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Miranda S C Wilson
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Bilal Ahsan
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Zunlong Ke
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - John A G Briggs
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Adolfo Saiardi
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Till Böcking
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.
| | - Leo C James
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
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16
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Lun CM, Waheed AA, Majadly A, Powell N, Freed EO. Mechanism of Viral Glycoprotein Targeting by Membrane-associated-RING-CH Proteins. bioRxiv 2021:2021.01.25.428025. [PMID: 33532773 PMCID: PMC7852266 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.25.428025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
An emerging class of cellular inhibitory proteins has been identified that targets viral glycoproteins. These include the membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH) family of E3 ubiquitin ligases that, among other functions, downregulate cell-surface proteins involved in adaptive immunity. The RING-CH domain of MARCH proteins is thought to function by catalyzing the ubiquitination of the cytoplasmic tails (CTs) of target proteins, leading to their degradation. MARCH proteins have recently been reported to target retroviral envelope glycoproteins (Env) and vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein (VSV-G). However, the mechanism of antiviral activity remains poorly defined. Here we show that MARCH8 antagonizes the full-length forms of HIV-1 Env, VSV-G, Ebola virus glycoprotein (EboV-GP), and the spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) thereby impairing the infectivity of virions pseudotyped with these viral glycoproteins. This MARCH8-mediated targeting of viral glycoproteins requires the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of the RING-CH domain. We observe that MARCH8 protein antagonism of VSV-G is CT dependent. In contrast, MARCH8-mediated targeting of HIV-1 Env, EboV-GP and SARS-CoV-2 S protein by MARCH8 does not require the CT, suggesting a novel mechanism of MARCH-mediated antagonism of these viral glycoproteins. Confocal microscopy data demonstrate that MARCH8 traps the viral glycoproteins in an intracellular compartment. We observe that the endogenous expression of MARCH8 in several relevant human cell types is rapidly inducible by type I interferon. These results help to inform the mechanism by which MARCH proteins exert their antiviral activity and provide insights into the role of cellular inhibitory factors in antagonizing the biogenesis, trafficking, and virion incorporation of viral glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Man Lun
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Abdul A. Waheed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Alhlam Majadly
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Nicole Powell
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Eric O. Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
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17
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He S, Waheed AA, Hetrick B, Dabbagh D, Akhrymuk IV, Kehn-Hall K, Freed EO, Wu Y. PSGL-1 Inhibits the Incorporation of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoproteins into Pseudovirions and Impairs Pseudovirus Attachment and Infectivity. Viruses 2020; 13:E46. [PMID: 33396594 PMCID: PMC7824426 DOI: 10.3390/v13010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) is a cell surface glycoprotein that binds to P-, E-, and L-selectins to mediate the tethering and rolling of immune cells on the surface of the endothelium for cell migration into inflamed tissues. PSGL-1 has been identified as an interferon-γ (INF-γ)-regulated factor that restricts HIV-1 infectivity, and has recently been found to possess broad-spectrum antiviral activities. Here we report that the expression of PSGL-1 in virus-producing cells impairs the incorporation of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoproteins into pseudovirions and blocks pseudovirus attachment and infection of target cells. These findings suggest that PSGL-1 may potentially inhibit coronavirus replication in PSGL-1+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia He
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (S.H.); (B.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Abdul A. Waheed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Brian Hetrick
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (S.H.); (B.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Deemah Dabbagh
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (S.H.); (B.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Ivan V. Akhrymuk
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (I.V.A.); (K.K.-H.)
| | - Kylene Kehn-Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (I.V.A.); (K.K.-H.)
| | - Eric O. Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Yuntao Wu
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (S.H.); (B.H.); (D.D.)
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18
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Kleinpeter A, Freed EO. How to package the RNA of HIV-1. eLife 2020; 9:63585. [PMID: 33200986 PMCID: PMC7671680 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between viral RNA and the integrase enzyme are required for HIV-1 particles to become infectious, a process that can be disrupted through multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kleinpeter
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, United States
| | - Eric O Freed
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, United States
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19
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Abstract
Since the emergence of HIV and AIDS in the early 1980s, the development of safe and effective therapies has accompanied a massive increase in our understanding of the fundamental processes that drive HIV biology. As basic HIV research has informed the development of novel therapies, HIV inhibitors have been used as probes for investigating basic mechanisms of HIV-1 replication, transmission, and pathogenesis. This positive feedback cycle has led to the development of highly effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), which has helped stall the progression to AIDS, prolong lives, and reduce transmission of the virus. However, to combat the growing rates of virologic failure and toxicity associated with long-term therapy, it is important to diversify our repertoire of HIV-1 treatments by identifying compounds that block additional steps not targeted by current drugs. Most of the available therapeutics disrupt early events in the replication cycle, with the exception of the protease (PR) inhibitors, which act at the virus maturation step. HIV-1 maturation consists of a series of biochemical changes that facilitate the conversion of an immature, noninfectious particle to a mature infectious virion. These changes include proteolytic processing of the Gag polyprotein by the viral protease (PR), structural rearrangement of the capsid (CA) protein, and assembly of individual CA monomers into hexamers and pentamers that ultimately form the capsid. Here, we review the development and therapeutic potential of maturation inhibitors (MIs), an experimental class of anti-HIV-1 compounds with mechanisms of action distinct from those of the PR inhibitors. We emphasize the key insights into HIV-1 biology and structure that the study of MIs has provided. We will focus on three distinct groups of inhibitors that block HIV-1 maturation: (1) compounds that block the processing of the CA-spacer peptide 1 (SP1) cleavage intermediate, the original class of compounds to which the term MI was applied; (2) CA-binding inhibitors that disrupt capsid condensation; and (3) allosteric integrase inhibitors (ALLINIs) that block the packaging of the viral RNA genome into the condensing capsid during maturation. Although these three classes of compounds have distinct structures and mechanisms of action, they share the ability to block the formation of the condensed conical capsid, thereby blocking particle infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric O. Freed
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
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20
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He S, Waheed AA, Hetrick B, Dabbagh D, Akhrymuk IV, Kehn-Hall K, Freed EO, Wu Y. PSGL-1 inhibits the virion incorporation of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins and impairs virus attachment and infectivity. bioRxiv 2020. [PMID: 32511349 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.01.073387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) is a cell surface glycoprotein that binds to P-, E-, and L-selectins to mediate the tethering and rolling of immune cells on the surface of the endothelium for cell migration into inflamed tissues. PSGL-1 has been identified as an interferon-γ (INF-γ)-regulated factor that restricts HIV-1 infectivity, and has recently been found to possess broad-spectrum antiviral activities. Here we report that the expression of PSGL-1 in virus-producing cells impairs the incorporation of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoproteins into pseudovirions and blocks virus attachment and infection of target cells. These findings suggest that PSGL-1 may potentially inhibit coronavirus replication in PSGL-1+ cells.
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21
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Brown JB, Summers HR, Brown LA, Marchant J, Canova PN, O'Hern CT, Abbott ST, Nyaunu C, Maxwell S, Johnson T, Moser MB, Ablan SD, Carter H, Freed EO, Summers MF. Structural and Mechanistic Studies of the Rare Myristoylation Signal of the Feline Immunodeficiency Virus. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:4076-4091. [PMID: 32442659 PMCID: PMC7316625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
All retroviruses encode a Gag polyprotein containing an N-terminal matrix domain (MA) that anchors Gag to the plasma membrane and recruits envelope glycoproteins to virus assembly sites. Membrane binding by the Gag protein of HIV-1 and most other lentiviruses is dependent on N-terminal myristoylation of MA by host N-myristoyltransferase enzymes (NMTs), which recognize a six-residue "myristoylation signal" with consensus sequence: M1GXXX[ST]. For unknown reasons, the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), which infects both domestic and wild cats, encodes a non-consensus myristoylation sequence not utilized by its host or by other mammals (most commonly: M1GNGQG). To explore the evolutionary basis for this sequence, we compared the structure, dynamics, and myristoylation properties of native FIV MA with a mutant protein containing a consensus feline myristoylation motif (MANOS) and examined the impact of MA mutations on virus assembly and ability to support spreading infection. Unexpectedly, myristoylation efficiency of MANOS in Escherichia coli by co-expressed mammalian NMT was reduced by ~70% compared to the wild-type protein. NMR studies revealed that residues of the N-terminal myristoylation signal are fully exposed and mobile in the native protein but partially sequestered in the MANOS chimera, suggesting that the unusual FIV sequence is conserved to promote exposure and efficient myristoylation of the MA N terminus. In contrast, virus assembly studies indicate that the MANOS mutation does not affect virus assembly, but does prevent virus spread, in feline kidney cells. Our findings indicate that residues of the FIV myristoylation sequence play roles in replication beyond NMT recognition and Gag-membrane binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janae B Brown
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Holly R Summers
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Lola A Brown
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Jan Marchant
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Paige N Canova
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Colin T O'Hern
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Sophia T Abbott
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Constance Nyaunu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Simon Maxwell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Talayah Johnson
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Morgan B Moser
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Sherimay D Ablan
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute at Fredrick, Fredrick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Hannah Carter
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute at Fredrick, Fredrick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute at Fredrick, Fredrick, MD 21702-1201, USA.
| | - Michael F Summers
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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22
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Waheed AA, Swiderski M, Khan A, Gitzen A, Majadly A, Freed EO. The viral protein U (Vpu)-interacting host protein ATP6V0C down-regulates cell-surface expression of tetherin and thereby contributes to HIV-1 release. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7327-7340. [PMID: 32291285 PMCID: PMC7247306 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Host proteins with antiviral activity have evolved as first-line defenses to suppress viral replication. The HIV-1 accessory protein viral protein U (Vpu) enhances release of the virus from host cells by down-regulating the cell-surface expression of the host restriction factor tetherin. However, the exact mechanism of Vpu-mediated suppression of antiviral host responses is unclear. To further understand the role of host proteins in Vpu's function, here we carried out yeast two-hybrid screening and identified the V0 subunit C of vacuolar ATPase (ATP6V0C) as a Vpu-binding protein. To examine the role of ATP6V0C in Vpu-mediated tetherin degradation and HIV-1 release, we knocked down ATP6V0C expression in HeLa cells and observed that ATP6V0C depletion impairs Vpu-mediated tetherin degradation, resulting in defective HIV-1 release. We also observed that ATP6V0C overexpression stabilizes tetherin expression. This stabilization effect was specific to ATP6V0C, as overexpression of another subunit of the vacuolar ATPase, ATP6V0C″, had no effect on tetherin expression. ATP6V0C overexpression did not stabilize CD4, another target of Vpu-mediated degradation. Immunofluorescence localization experiments revealed that the ATP6V0C-stabilized tetherin is sequestered in a CD63- and lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1)-positive intracellular compartment. These results indicate that the Vpu-interacting protein ATP6V0C plays a role in down-regulating cell-surface expression of tetherin and thereby contributes to HIV-1 assembly and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul A Waheed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702.
| | - Maya Swiderski
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Ali Khan
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Ariana Gitzen
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Ahlam Majadly
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702
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23
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Kirui J, Freed EO. Generation and validation of a highly sensitive bioluminescent HIV-1 reporter vector that simplifies measurement of virus release. Retrovirology 2020; 17:12. [PMID: 32430080 PMCID: PMC7235552 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-020-00521-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The continued persistence of HIV-1 as a public health concern due to the lack of a cure calls for the development of new tools for studying replication of the virus. Here, we used NanoLuc, a small and extremely bright luciferase protein, to develop an HIV-1 bioluminescent reporter virus that simplifies functional measurement of virus particle production. Results The reporter virus encodes a Gag protein containing NanoLuc inserted between the matrix (MA) and capsid (CA) domains of Gag, thereby generating virus particles that package high levels of the NanoLuc reporter. We observe that inserting the NanoLuc protein within HIV-1 Gag has minimal impact on Gag expression and virus particle release. We show that the reporter virus recapitulates inhibition of HIV-1 particle release by Gag mutations, the restriction factor tetherin, and the small-molecule inhibitor amphotericin-B methyl ester. Conclusion These results demonstrate that this vector will provide a simple and rapid tool for functional studies of virus particle assembly and release and high-throughput screening for cellular factors and small molecules that promote or inhibit HIV-1 particle production.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Kirui
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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24
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Mallery DL, Faysal KMR, Kleinpeter A, Wilson MSC, Vaysburd M, Fletcher AJ, Novikova M, Böcking T, Freed EO, Saiardi A, James LC. Cellular IP 6 Levels Limit HIV Production while Viruses that Cannot Efficiently Package IP 6 Are Attenuated for Infection and Replication. Cell Rep 2019; 29:3983-3996.e4. [PMID: 31851928 PMCID: PMC6931105 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 hijacks host proteins to promote infection. Here we show that HIV is also dependent upon the host metabolite inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) for viral production and primary cell replication. HIV-1 recruits IP6 into virions using two lysine rings in its immature hexamers. Mutation of either ring inhibits IP6 packaging and reduces viral production. Loss of IP6 also results in virions with highly unstable capsids, leading to a profound loss of reverse transcription and cell infection. Replacement of one ring with a hydrophobic isoleucine core restores viral production, but IP6 incorporation and infection remain impaired, consistent with an independent role for IP6 in stable capsid assembly. Genetic knockout of biosynthetic kinases IPMK and IPPK reveals that cellular IP6 availability limits the production of diverse lentiviruses, but in the absence of IP6, HIV-1 packages IP5 without loss of infectivity. Together, these data suggest that IP6 is a critical cofactor for HIV-1 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna L Mallery
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - K M Rifat Faysal
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Alex Kleinpeter
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Miranda S C Wilson
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marina Vaysburd
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Adam J Fletcher
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Mariia Novikova
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Till Böcking
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Adolfo Saiardi
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Leo C James
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
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25
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Alfadhli A, Staubus AO, Tedbury PR, Novikova M, Freed EO, Barklis E. Analysis of HIV-1 Matrix-Envelope Cytoplasmic Tail Interactions. J Virol 2019; 93:e01079-19. [PMID: 31375589 PMCID: PMC6803273 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01079-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The matrix (MA) domains of HIV-1 precursor Gag (PrGag) proteins direct PrGag proteins to plasma membrane (PM) assembly sites where envelope (Env) protein trimers are incorporated into virus particles. MA targeting to PM sites is facilitated by its binding to phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], and MA binding to cellular RNAs appears to serve a chaperone function that prevents MA from associating with intracellular membranes prior to arrival at the PI(4,5)P2-rich PM. Investigations have shown genetic evidence of an interaction between MA and the cytoplasmic tails (CTs) of Env trimers that contributes to Env incorporation into virions, but demonstrations of direct MA-CT interactions have proven more difficult. In direct binding assays, we show here that MA binds to Env CTs. Using MA mutants, matrix-capsid (MACA) proteins, and MA proteins incubated in the presence of inositol polyphosphate, we show a correlation between MA trimerization and CT binding. RNA ligands with high affinities for MA reduced MA-CT binding levels, suggesting that MA-RNA binding interferes with trimerization and/or directly or indirectly blocks MA-CT binding. Rough-mapping studies indicate that C-terminal CT helices are involved in MA binding and are in agreement with cell culture studies with replication-competent viruses. Our results support a model in which full-length HIV-1 Env trimers are captured in assembling PrGag lattices by virtue of their binding to MA trimers.IMPORTANCE The mechanism by which HIV-1 envelope (Env) protein trimers assemble into virus particles is poorly understood but involves an interaction between Env cytoplasmic tails (CTs) and the matrix (MA) domain of the structural precursor Gag (PrGag) proteins. We show here that direct binding of MA to Env CTs correlates with MA trimerization, suggesting models where MA lattices regulate CT interactions and/or MA-CT trimer-trimer associations increase the avidity of MA-CT binding. We also show that MA binding to RNA ligands impairs MA-CT binding, potentially by interfering with MA trimerization and/or directly or allosterically blocking MA-CT binding sites. Rough mapping implicated CT C-terminal helices in MA binding, in agreement with cell culture studies on MA-CT interactions. Our results indicate that targeting HIV-1 MA-CT interactions may be a promising avenue for antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayna Alfadhli
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - August O Staubus
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Philip R Tedbury
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Mariia Novikova
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric Barklis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Hoffman HK, Fernandez MV, Groves NS, Freed EO, van Engelenburg SB. Genomic tagging of endogenous human ESCRT-I complex preserves ESCRT-mediated membrane-remodeling functions. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:16266-16281. [PMID: 31519756 PMCID: PMC6827313 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery drives membrane scission for diverse cellular functions that require budding away from the cytosol, including cell division and transmembrane receptor trafficking and degradation. The ESCRT machinery is also hijacked by retroviruses, such as HIV-1, to release virions from infected cells. The crucial roles of the ESCRTs in cellular physiology and viral disease make it imperative to understand the membrane scission mechanism. Current methodological limitations, namely artifacts caused by overexpression of ESCRT subunits, obstruct our understanding of the spatiotemporal organization of the endogenous human ESCRT machinery. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in to tag the critical ESCRT-I component tumor susceptibility 101 (Tsg101) with GFP at its native locus in two widely used human cell types, HeLa epithelial cells and Jurkat T cells. We validated this approach by assessing the function of these knock-in cell lines in cytokinesis, receptor degradation, and virus budding. Using this probe, we measured the incorporation of endogenous Tsg101 in released HIV-1 particles, supporting the notion that the ESCRT machinery initiates virus abscission by scaffolding early-acting ESCRT-I within the head of the budding virus. We anticipate that these validated cell lines will be a valuable tool for interrogating dynamics of the native human ESCRT machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huxley K Hoffman
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80210
| | - Melissa V Fernandez
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI-Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Nicholas S Groves
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80210
| | - Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI-Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Schuyler B van Engelenburg
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80210
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Mailler E, Waheed AA, Park SY, Gershlick DC, Freed EO, Bonifacino JS. The autophagy protein ATG9A promotes HIV-1 infectivity. Retrovirology 2019; 16:18. [PMID: 31269971 PMCID: PMC6607583 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-019-0480-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nef is a multifunctional accessory protein encoded by HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV that plays critical roles in viral pathogenesis, contributing to viral replication, assembly, budding, infectivity and immune evasion, through engagement of various host cell pathways. RESULTS To gain a better understanding of the role of host proteins in the functions of Nef, we carried out tandem affinity purification-mass spectrometry analysis, and identified over 70 HIV-1 Nef-interacting proteins, including the autophagy-related 9A (ATG9A) protein. ATG9A is a transmembrane component of the machinery for autophagy, a catabolic process in which cytoplasmic components are degraded in lysosomal compartments. Pulldown experiments demonstrated that ATG9A interacts with Nef from not only HIV-1 and but also SIV (cpz, smm and mac). However, expression of HIV-1 Nef had no effect on the levels and localization of ATG9A, and on autophagy, in the host cells. To investigate a possible role for ATG9A in virus replication, we knocked out ATG9A in HeLa cervical carcinoma and Jurkat T cells, and analyzed virus release and infectivity. We observed that ATG9A knockout (KO) had no effect on the release of wild-type (WT) or Nef-defective HIV-1 in these cells. However, the infectivity of WT virus produced from ATG9A-KO HeLa and Jurkat cells was reduced by ~ fourfold and eightfold, respectively, relative to virus produced from WT cells. This reduction in infectivity was independent of the interaction of Nef with ATG9A, and was not due to reduced incorporation of the viral envelope (Env) glycoprotein into the virus. The loss of HIV-1 infectivity was rescued by pseudotyping HIV-1 virions with the vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein. CONCLUSIONS These studies indicate that ATG9A promotes HIV-1 infectivity in an Env-dependent manner. The interaction of Nef with ATG9A, however, is not required for Nef to enhance HIV-1 infectivity. We speculate that ATG9A could promote infectivity by participating in either the removal of a factor that inhibits infectivity or the incorporation of a factor that enhances infectivity of the viral particles. These studies thus identify a novel host cell factor implicated in HIV-1 infectivity, which may be amenable to pharmacologic manipulation for treatment of HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Mailler
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Abdul A Waheed
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Sang-Yoon Park
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - David C Gershlick
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eric O Freed
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Una O'Doherty
- Division of Transfusion Medicine and Therapeutic Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
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29
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Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 capsid (HIV-1 CA) is involved in different stages of the viral replication cycle. During virion assembly, CA drives the formation of the hexameric lattice in immature viral particles, while in mature virions CA monomers assemble in cone-shaped cores surrounding the viral RNA genome and associated proteins. In addition to its functions in late stages of the viral replication cycle, CA plays key roles in a number of processes during early phases of HIV-1 infection including trafficking, uncoating, recognition by host cellular proteins and nuclear import of the viral pre-integration complex. As a result of efficient cooperation of CA with other viral and cellular proteins, integration of the viral genetic material into the host genome, which is an essential step for productive viral infection, successfully occurs. In this review, we will summarize available data on CA functions in HIV-1 replication, describing in detail its roles in late and early phases of the viral replication cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Novikova
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Yulan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Ke Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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30
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Urano E, Timilsina U, Kaplan JA, Ablan S, Ghimire D, Pham P, Kuruppu N, Mandt R, Durell SR, Nitz TJ, Martin DE, Wild CT, Gaur R, Freed EO. Resistance to Second-Generation HIV-1 Maturation Inhibitors. J Virol 2019; 93:e02017-18. [PMID: 30567982 PMCID: PMC6401422 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02017-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A betulinic acid-based compound, bevirimat (BVM), inhibits HIV-1 maturation by blocking a late step in protease-mediated Gag processing: the cleavage of the capsid-spacer peptide 1 (CA-SP1) intermediate to mature CA. Previous studies showed that mutations conferring resistance to BVM cluster around the CA-SP1 cleavage site. Single amino acid polymorphisms in the SP1 region of Gag and the C terminus of CA reduced HIV-1 susceptibility to BVM, leading to the discontinuation of BVM's clinical development. We recently reported a series of "second-generation" BVM analogs that display markedly improved potency and breadth of activity relative to the parent molecule. Here, we demonstrate that viral clones bearing BVM resistance mutations near the C terminus of CA are potently inhibited by second-generation BVM analogs. We performed de novo selection experiments to identify mutations that confer resistance to these novel compounds. Selection experiments with subtype B HIV-1 identified an Ala-to-Val mutation at SP1 residue 1 and a Pro-to-Ala mutation at CA residue 157 within the major homology region (MHR). In selection experiments with subtype C HIV-1, we identified mutations at CA residue 230 (CA-V230M) and SP1 residue 1 (SP1-A1V), residue 5 (SP1-S5N), and residue 10 (SP1-G10R). The positions at which resistance mutations arose are highly conserved across multiple subtypes of HIV-1. We demonstrate that the mutations confer modest to high-level maturation inhibitor resistance. In most cases, resistance was not associated with a detectable increase in the kinetics of CA-SP1 processing. These results identify mutations that confer resistance to second-generation maturation inhibitors and provide novel insights into the mechanism of resistance.IMPORTANCE HIV-1 maturation inhibitors are a class of small-molecule compounds that block a late step in the viral protease-mediated processing of the Gag polyprotein precursor, the viral protein responsible for the formation of virus particles. The first-in-class HIV-1 maturation inhibitor bevirimat was highly effective in blocking HIV-1 replication, but its activity was compromised by naturally occurring sequence polymorphisms within Gag. Recently developed bevirimat analogs, referred to as "second-generation" maturation inhibitors, overcome this issue. To understand more about how these second-generation compounds block HIV-1 maturation, here we selected for HIV-1 mutants that are resistant to these compounds. Selections were performed in the context of two different subtypes of HIV-1. We identified a small set of mutations at highly conserved positions within the capsid and spacer peptide 1 domains of Gag that confer resistance. Identification and analysis of these maturation inhibitor-resistant mutants provide insights into the mechanisms of resistance to these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Urano
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Uddhav Timilsina
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Justin A Kaplan
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Sherimay Ablan
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Dibya Ghimire
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Phuong Pham
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Nishani Kuruppu
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca Mandt
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Stewart R Durell
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ritu Gaur
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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Uhl J, Gujarathi S, Waheed AA, Gordon A, Freed EO, Gousset K. Myosin-X is essential to the intercellular spread of HIV-1 Nef through tunneling nanotubes. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 13:209-224. [PMID: 30443895 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-0493-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are intercellular structures that allow for the passage of vesicles, organelles, genomic material, pathogenic proteins and pathogens. The unconventional actin molecular motor protein Myosin-X (Myo10) is a known inducer of TNTs in neuronal cells, yet its role in other cell types has not been examined. The Nef HIV-1 accessory protein is critical for HIV-1 pathogenesis and can self-disseminate in culture via TNTs. Understanding its intercellular spreading mechanism could reveal ways to control its damaging effects during HIV-1 infection. Our goal in this study was to characterize the intercellular transport mechanism of Nef from macrophages to T cells. We demonstrate that Nef increases TNTs in a Myo10-dependent manner in macrophages and observed the transfer of Nef via TNTs from macrophages to T cells. To quantify this transfer mechanism, we established an indirect flow cytometry assay. Since Nef expression in T cells down-regulates the surface receptor CD4, we correlated the decrease in CD4 to the transfer of Nef between these cells. Thus, we co-cultured macrophages expressing varying levels of Nef with a T cell line expressing high levels of CD4 and quantified the changes in CD4 surface expression resulting from Nef transfer. We demonstrate that Nef transfer occurs via a cell-to-cell dependent mechanism that directly correlates with the presence of Myo10-dependent TNTs. Thus, we show that Nef can regulate Myo10 expression, thereby inducing TNT formation, resulting in its own transfer from macrophages to T cells. In addition, we demonstrate that up-regulation of Myo10 induced by Nef also occurs in human monocyte derived macrophages during HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Uhl
- Biology Department, California State University Fresno, Fresno, 93740, USA
| | - Shivalee Gujarathi
- Biology Department, California State University Fresno, Fresno, 93740, USA
| | - Abdul A Waheed
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Ana Gordon
- Biology Department, California State University Fresno, Fresno, 93740, USA
| | - Eric O Freed
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Karine Gousset
- Biology Department, California State University Fresno, Fresno, 93740, USA.
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Fernandez MV, Freed EO. Meeting Review: 2018 International Workshop on Structure and Function of the Lentiviral gp41 Cytoplasmic Tail. Viruses 2018; 10:E613. [PMID: 30405009 PMCID: PMC6266243 DOI: 10.3390/v10110613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in defining the role of the lentiviral envelope glycoprotein (Env) cytoplasmic tail (CT) in Env trafficking and incorporation into virus particles have advanced our understanding of viral replication and transmission. To stimulate additional progress in this field, the two-day International Workshop on Structure and Function of the Lentiviral gp41 Cytoplasmic Tail, co-organized by Eric Freed and James Hoxie, was held at the National Cancer Institute in Frederick, MD (26⁻27 April 2018). The meeting served to bring together experts focused on the role of gp41 in HIV replication and to discuss the emerging mechanisms of CT-dependent trafficking, Env conformation and structure, host protein interaction, incorporation, and viral transmission. The conference was organized around the following three main hot topics in gp41 research: the role of host factors in CT-dependent Env incorporation, Env structure, and CT-mediated trafficking and transmission. This review highlights important topics and the advances in gp41 research that were discussed during the conference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa V Fernandez
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Eric O Freed
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Buttler CA, Pezeshkian N, Fernandez MV, Aaron J, Norman S, Freed EO, van Engelenburg SB. Single molecule fate of HIV-1 envelope reveals late-stage viral lattice incorporation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1861. [PMID: 29748537 PMCID: PMC5945595 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04220-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) assembly occurs on the inner leaflet of the host cell plasma membrane, incorporating the essential viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) within a budding lattice of HIV-1 Gag structural proteins. The mechanism by which Env incorporates into viral particles remains poorly understood. To determine the mechanism of recruitment of Env to assembly sites, we interrogate the subviral angular distribution of Env on cell-associated virus using multicolor, three-dimensional (3D) superresolution microscopy. We demonstrate that, in a manner dependent on cell type and on the long cytoplasmic tail of Env, the distribution of Env is biased toward the necks of cell-associated particles. We postulate that this neck-biased distribution is regulated by vesicular retention and steric complementarity of Env during independent Gag lattice formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen A Buttler
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
| | - Nairi Pezeshkian
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
| | - Melissa V Fernandez
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jesse Aaron
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
| | - Sofya Norman
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
| | - Eric O Freed
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Schuyler B van Engelenburg
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA.
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Sciandra CA, Ding P, Freed EO, Summers MF. Characterization of the Molecular Mechanism for Maturation Inhibitors against the HIV-1 Capsid-SP1 Domain. Biophys J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Waheed AA, Gitzen A, Swiderski M, Freed EO. High-Mannose But Not Complex-Type Glycosylation of Tetherin Is Required for Restriction of HIV-1 Release. Viruses 2018; 10:v10010026. [PMID: 29303997 PMCID: PMC5795439 DOI: 10.3390/v10010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetherin is an interferon-inducible antiviral protein that inhibits the release of a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses by retaining virions at the surface of infected cells. While the role of specific tetherin domains in antiviral activity is clearly established, the role of glycosylation in tetherin function is not clear. In this study, we carried out a detailed investigation of this question by using tetherin variants in which one or both sites of N-linked glycosylation were mutated (N65A, N92A, and N65,92A), and chemical inhibitors that prevent glycosylation at specific stages of oligosaccharide were added or modified. The single N-linked glycosylation mutants, N65A and N92A, efficiently inhibited the release of Vpu-defective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In contrast, the non-glycosylated double mutant, N65,92A, lost its ability to block HIV-1 release. The inability of the N65,92A mutant to inhibit HIV-1 release is associated with a lack of cell-surface expression. A role for glycosylation in cell-surface tetherin expression is supported by tunicamycin treatment, which inhibits the first step of N-linked glycosylation and impairs both cell-surface expression and antiviral activity. Inhibition of complex-type glycosylation with kifunensine, an inhibitor of the oligosaccharide processing enzyme mannosidase 1, had no effect on either the cell-surface expression or antiviral activity of tetherin. These results demonstrate that high-mannose modification of a single asparagine residue is necessary and sufficient, while complex-type glycosylation is dispensable, for cell-surface tetherin expression and antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul A Waheed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute, Bldg. 535, Room 108B, 1050 Boyles St., Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.
| | - Ariana Gitzen
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute, Bldg. 535, Room 108B, 1050 Boyles St., Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.
| | - Maya Swiderski
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute, Bldg. 535, Room 108B, 1050 Boyles St., Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.
| | - Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute, Bldg. 535, Room 108B, 1050 Boyles St., Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.
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36
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Wang M, Quinn CM, Perilla JR, Zhang H, Shirra R, Hou G, Byeon IJ, Suiter CL, Ablan S, Urano E, Nitz TJ, Aiken C, Freed EO, Zhang P, Schulten K, Gronenborn AM, Polenova T. Quenching protein dynamics interferes with HIV capsid maturation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1779. [PMID: 29176596 PMCID: PMC5701193 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01856-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maturation of HIV-1 particles encompasses a complex morphological transformation of Gag via an orchestrated series of proteolytic cleavage events. A longstanding question concerns the structure of the C-terminal region of CA and the peptide SP1 (CA–SP1), which represents an intermediate during maturation of the HIV-1 virus. By integrating NMR, cryo-EM, and molecular dynamics simulations, we show that in CA–SP1 tubes assembled in vitro, which represent the features of an intermediate assembly state during maturation, the SP1 peptide exists in a dynamic helix–coil equilibrium, and that the addition of the maturation inhibitors Bevirimat and DFH-055 causes stabilization of a helical form of SP1. Moreover, the maturation-arresting SP1 mutation T8I also induces helical structure in SP1 and further global dynamical and conformational changes in CA. Overall, our results show that dynamics of CA and SP1 are critical for orderly HIV-1 maturation and that small molecules can inhibit maturation by perturbing molecular motions. The process of HIV particle maturation involves complex molecular transitions. Here the authors combine NMR spectroscopy, cryo-EM, and molecular dynamics simulations to provide insight into the conformational equilibria in CA-SP1 assemblies relevant to HIV-1 maturation intermediates formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.,Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Caitlin M Quinn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.,Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Juan R Perilla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA. .,University of Illinois, Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Huilan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.,Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Randall Shirra
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Guangjin Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.,Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - In-Ja Byeon
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Christopher L Suiter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.,Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Sherimay Ablan
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Emiko Urano
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | | | - Christopher Aiken
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Eric O Freed
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Peijun Zhang
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.,Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Klaus Schulten
- University of Illinois, Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Angela M Gronenborn
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA. .,Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA. .,Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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Abstract
The strong dependence of retroviruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), on host cell factors is no more apparent than when the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery is purposely disengaged. The resulting potent inhibition of retrovirus release underscores the importance of understanding fundamental structure-function relationships at the ESCRT-HIV-1 interface. Recent studies utilizing advanced imaging technologies have helped clarify these relationships, overcoming hurdles to provide a range of potential models for ESCRT-mediated virus abscission. Here, we discuss these models in the context of prior work detailing ESCRT machinery and the HIV-1 release process. To provide a template for further refinement, we propose a new working model for ESCRT-mediated HIV-1 release that reconciles disparate and seemingly conflicting studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E O Freed
- The Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21701
| | - S B van Engelenburg
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80210;
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38
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Abstract
In this issue of Cell Chemical Biology, Sakin et al. (2017) investigate the nanoscale behavior of the HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoprotein complex by using genetic code expansion, bioorthogonal amino acids, synthetic dyes, and click chemistry. This minimally invasive approach allows the measurement of native Env cellular distribution and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa V Fernandez
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.
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Martins AN, Ke W, Jawahar V, Striplin M, Striplin C, Freed EO, Afonin KA. Intracellular Reassociation of RNA-DNA Hybrids that Activates RNAi in HIV-Infected Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1632:269-283. [PMID: 28730446 PMCID: PMC6941940 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7138-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 (HIV-1) is the major cause of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). In 2014, it was estimated that 1.2 million people died from AIDS-related illnesses. RNA interference-based therapy to block HIV replication is a field that, as of now, is without any FDA-approved drugs available for clinical use. In this chapter we describe a protocol for testing and utilizing a new approach that relies on reassociation of RNA-DNA hybrids activating RNAi and blocking HIV replication in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica N Martins
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Weina Ke
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University Blvd., Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Vaishnavi Jawahar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University Blvd., Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Morriah Striplin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University Blvd., Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Caryn Striplin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University Blvd., Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Eric O Freed
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, NCI, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Kirill A Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University Blvd., Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA.
- The Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA.
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Zurnic I, Hütter S, Lehmann U, Stanke N, Reh J, Kern T, Lindel F, Gerresheim G, Hamann M, Müllers E, Lesbats P, Cherepanov P, Serrao E, Engelman A, Lindemann D, Da Silva Santos C, Tartour K, Cimarelli A, Burdick R, Chen J, Sastri J, Hu WS, Pathak V, Keppler OT, Pradeau K, Eiler S, Levy N, Lennon S, Cianferani S, Emiliani S, Ruff M, Parissi V, Rato S, Rausell A, Munoz M, Telenti A, Ciuffi A, Zhyvoloup A, Melamed A, Anderson I, Planas D, Kriston-Vizi J, Ketteler R, Lee CH, Merritt A, Ancuta P, Bangham C, Fassati A, Rodari A, Van Driessche B, Galais M, Delacourt N, Fauquenoy S, Vanhulle C, Kula A, Burny A, Rohr O, Van Lint C, van Montfort T, van der Sluis R, Speijer D, Berkhout B, Meng B, Rutkowski A, Berry N, Dölken L, Lever A, Schuster T, Asbach B, Wagner R, Gross C, Wiesmann V, Kalmer M, Wittenberg T, Gettemans J, Thoma-Kress AK, Li M, Freed EO, Liu SL, Müller J, Münch J, Sewald X, Uchil P, Ladinsky M, Beloor J, Pi R, Herrmann C, Motamedi N, Murooka T, Brehm M, Greiner D, Mempel T, Bjorkman P, Kumar P, Mothes W, Joas S, Parrish E, Gnanadurai CW, Lump E, Stürzel CM, Parrish NF, Sauermann U, Töpfer K, Schultheiss T, Bosinger S, Silvestri G, Apetrei C, Huot N, Müller-Trutwin M, Sauter D, Hahn BH, Stahl-Hennig C, Kirchhoff F, Schumann G, Jung-Klawitter S, Fuchs NV, Upton KR, Muñoz-Lopez M, Shukla R, Wang J, Garcia-Canadas M, Lopez-Ruiz C, Gerhardt DJ, Sebe A, Grabundzija I, Gerdes P, Merkert S, Pulgarin A, Bock A, Held U, Witthuhn A, Haase A, Wolvetang EJ, Martin U, Ivics Z, Izsvák Z, Garcia-Perez J, Faulkner GJ, Hurst T, Katzourakis A, Magiorkinis G, Schott K, Derua R, Seifried J, Reuter A, Schmitz H, Tondera C, Brandariz-Nuñez A, Diaz-Griffero F, Janssens V, König R, Baldauf HM, Stegmann L, Schwarz SM, Trotard M, Martin M, Lenzi G, Burggraf M, Pan X, Fregoso OI, Lim ES, Abraham L, Erikson E, Nguyen L, Ambiel I, Rutsch F, Kim B, Emerman M, Fackler OT, Wittmann S, Behrendt R, Volkmann B, Eissmann K, Gramberg T, Bolduan S, Koppensteiner H, Regensburg S, Brack-Werner R, Draenert R, Schindler M, Ducroux A, Xu S, Ponnurangam A, Franz S, Malassa A, Ewald E, Goffinet C, Fung SY, Chan CP, Yuen CK, Kok KH, Chan CP, Jin DY, Dittmer U, Kmiec D, Iyer S, Stürzel C, Hahn B, Ariumi Y, Yasuda-Inoue M, Kawano K, Tateishi S, Turelli P, Compton A, Roy N, Porrot F, Billet A, Casartelli N, Yount J, Liang C, Schwartz O, Magnus C, Reh L, Moore P, Uhr T, Weber J, Morris L, Trkola A, Grindberg RV, Schlaepfer E, Schreiber G, Simon V, Speck RF, Debyser Z, Vranckx L, Demeulemeester J, Saleh S, Verdin E, Cereseto A, Christ F, Gijsbers R, Wang G, Zhao N, Das AT, Köstler J, Perdiguero B, Esteban M, Jacobs BL, Montefiori DC, LaBranche CC, Yates NL, Tomaras GD, Ferrari G, Foulds KE, Roederer M, Landucci G, Forthal DN, Seaman MS, Hawkins N, Self SG, Phogat S, Tartaglia J, Barnett SW, Burke B, Cristillo AD, Ding S, Heeney JL, Pantaleo G, Stab V, Ensser A, Tippler B, Burton D, Tenbusch M, Überla K, Alter G, Lofano G, Dugast AS, Kulkarni V, Suscovich T, Opazo T, Barraza F, Herrera D, Garces A, Schwenke T, Tapia D, Cancino J, Arriagada G, Haußner C, Damm D, Rohrhofer A, Schmidt B, Eichler J, Midgley R, Wheeldon J, Piguet V, Khopkar P, Rohamare M, Kulkarni S, Godinho-Santos A, Hance A, Goncalves J, Mammano F, Gasser R, Hamoudi M, Pellicciotta M, Zhou Z, Visdeloup C, Colin P, Braibant M, Lagane B, Negroni M, Wamara J, Bannert N, Mesplede T, Osman N, Anstett K, Liang JC, Pham HT, Wainberg M, Shao W, Shan J, Kearney M, Wu X, Maldarelli F, Mellors J, Luke B, Coffin J, Hughes S, Fricke T, Opp S, Shepard C, Ivanov D, Valle-Casuso J, Kanja M, Cappy P, Negroni M, Lener D, Knyazhanskaya E, Anisenko A, Zatsepin T, Gottikh M, Komkov A, Minervina A, Nugmanov G, Nazarov V, Khodosevich K, Mamedov I, Lebedev Y, Colomer-Lluch M, Serra-Moreno R, Sarracino A, Gharu L, Pasternak A, Marcello A, McCartin AM, Kulkarni A, Le Douce V, Gautier V, Baeyens A, Naessens E, Van Nuffel A, Weening K, Reilly AM, Claeys E, Trypsteen W, Vandekerckhove L, Eyckerman S, Gevaert K, Verhasselt B, Mok HP, Norton N, Fun A, Hirst J, Wills M, Miklik D, Senigl F, Hejnar J, Sakuragi JI, Sakuragi S, Yokoyama M, Shioda T, Sato H, Bodem J, Moschall R, Denk S, Erkelenz S, Schenk C, Schaal H, Donhauser N, Socher E, Millen S, Sticht H, Gross C, Mann M, Wei G, Betts MJ, Liu Y, Kehl T, Russell RB, Löchelt M, Hohn O, Mostafa S, Hanke K, Norley S, Chen CY, Shingai M, Borrego P, Taveira N, Strebel K, Hellmund C, Meng B, Friedrich M, Hahn F, Setz C, Rauch P, Fraedrich K, Matthaei A, Henklein P, Traxdorf M, Fossen T, Schubert U, Khwaja A, Galilee M, Alian A, Schwalbe B, Hauser H, Schreiber M, Scherpenisse M, Cho YK, Kim J, Jeong D, Trejbalova K, Benesova M, Kucerova D, Vernerova Z, Amouroux R, Hajkova P, Elleder D, Hron T, Farkasova H, Padhi A, Paces J, Zhu H, Gifford R, Murcia P, Carrozza ML, Niewiadomska AM, Mazzei M, Abi-Said M, Hughes J, Hué S, Gifford R, Obasa A, Jacobs G, Engelbrecht S, Mack K, Starz K, Geyer M, Bibollet-Ruche F, Stürzel C, Leoz M, Plantier JC, Argaw-Denboba A, Balestrieri E, Serafino A, Bucci I, Cipriani C, Spadafora C, Sinibaldi-Vallebona P, Matteucci C, Jayashree SN, Neogi U, Chhangani AK, Rathore SS, Mathur BRJ, Abati A, Koç BT, Oğuzoğlu TÇ, Shimauchi T, Caucheteux S, Turpin J, Finsterbusch K, Tokura Y, Souriant S, Balboa L, Pingris K, Kviatcowsky D, Raynaud-Messina B, Cougoule C, Mercier I, Kuroda M, González-Montaner P, Inwentarz S, Moraña EJ, del Carmen Sasiain M, Neyrolles O, Maridonneau-Parini I, Lugo-Villarino G, Vérollet C, Herrmann A, Thomas D, Bouzas NF, Lahaye X, Bhargava A, Satoh T, Gentili M, Cerboni S, Silvin A, Conrad C, Ahmed-Belkacem H, Rodriguez EC, Guichou JF, Bosquet N, Piel M, Le Grand R, King M, Pawlotsky JM, Manel N, Hofmann H, Vanwalscappel B, Bloch N, Landau N, Indik S, Hagen B, Valle-Casuso JC, Allouch A, David A, Barré-Sinoussi F, Benkirane M, Pancino G, Saez-Cirion A, Lee WY, Sloan R, Schulte B, Opp S, Blomberg J, Vargiu L, Rodriguez-Tomé P, Tramontano E, Sperber G, Kumari N, Ammosova T, Diaz S, Oneal P, Nekhai S, Fahrny A, Gers-Huber G, Audigé A, Jayaprakash A, Sachidanandam R, Hernandez M, Dillon-White M, Souriant S, Pingris K, Raynaud-Messina B, Cougoule C, Mercier I, Neyrolles O, Maridonneau-Parini I, Lugo-Villarino G, Maze E, Ham C, Almond N, Towers G, Belshaw R, de Sousa-Pereira P, Abrantes J, Pizzato M, Esteves PJ, Kahle T, Schmitt S, Merkel L, Reuter N, Stamminger T, Rosa ID, Bishop K, Spinazzola A, Groom H, Vieyres G, Müsken M, Zillinger T, Hornung V, Barchet W, Häussler S, Pietschmann T, Javed A, Leuchte N, Salinas G, Opitz L, Sopper S, Mummert C, Hofmann C, Hückelhoven AG, Bergmann S, Müller-Schmucker SM, Harrer EG, Dörrie J, Schaft N, Harrer T, Cardinaux L, Zahno ML, Vogt HR, Zanoni R, Bertoni G, Muenchhoff M, Goulder P, Keppler O, Rebensburg S, Helfer M, Zhang Y, Chen H, Bernier A, Gosselin A, Routy JP, Wöhrl B, Schneider A, Corona A, Spöring I, Jordan M, Buchholz B, Maccioni E, Di Santo R, Schweimer K, Schölz C, Weinert B, Wagner S, Beli P, Miyake Y, Qi J, Jensen L, Streicher W, McCarthy A, Westwood N, Lain S, Cox J, Matthias P, Mann M, Bradner J, Choudhary C, Stern M, Valletta E, Frezza C, Marino-Merlo F, Grelli S, Serafino AL, Mastino A, Macchi B, Kaulfuß M, Windmann S, Bayer W, Mikasi S, Jacobs G, Heß R, Bonsmann MSG, Kirschning C, Lepenies B, Kolenbrander A, Temchura V, Iijima K, Kobayashi J, Ishizaka Y. Proceedings of the Frontiers of Retrovirology Conference 2016. Retrovirology 2016. [PMCID: PMC5046194 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-016-0294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral presentations Session 1: Entry & uncoating O1 Host cell polo-like kinases (PLKs) promote early prototype foamy virus (PFV) replication Irena Zurnic, Sylvia Hütter, Ute Lehmann, Nicole Stanke, Juliane Reh, Tobias Kern, Fabian Lindel, Gesche Gerresheim, Martin Hamann, Erik Müllers, Paul Lesbats, Peter Cherepanov, Erik Serrao, Alan Engelman, Dirk Lindemann O2 A novel entry/uncoating assay reveals the presence of at least two species of viral capsids during synchronized HIV-1 infection Claire Da Silva Santos, Kevin Tartour, Andrea Cimarelli O3 Dynamics of nuclear envelope association and nuclear import of HIV-1 complexes Rya Burdick, Jianbo Chen, Jaya Sastri, Wei-Shau Hu, Vinay Pathak O4 Human papillomavirus protein E4 potently enhances the susceptibility to HIV infection Oliver T. Keppler Session 2: Reverse transcription & integration O5 Structure and function of HIV-1 integrase post translational modifications Karine Pradeau, Sylvia Eiler, Nicolas Levy, Sarah Lennon, Sarah Cianferani, Stéphane Emiliani, Marc Ruff O6 Regulation of retroviral integration by RNA polymerase II associated factors and chromatin structure Vincent Parissi Session 3: Transcription and latency O7 A novel single-cell analysis pipeline to identify specific biomarkers of HIV permissiveness Sylvie Rato, Antonio Rausell, Miguel Munoz, Amalio Telenti, Angela Ciuffi O8 A capsid-dependent integration program linking T cell activation to HIV-1 gene expression Alexander Zhyvoloup, Anat Melamed, Ian Anderson, Delphine Planas, Janos Kriston-Vizi, Robin Ketteler, Chen-Hsuin Lee, Andy Merritt, Petronela Ancuta, Charles Bangham, Ariberto Fassati O9 Characterisation of new RNA polymerase III and RNA polymerase II transcriptional promoters in the Bovine Leukemia Virus genome Anthony Rodari, Benoit Van Driessche, Mathilde Galais, Nadége Delacourt, Sylvain Fauquenoy, Caroline Vanhulle, Anna Kula, Arsène Burny, Olivier Rohr, Carine Van Lint O10 Tissue-specific dendritic cells differentially modulate latent HIV-1 reservoirs Thijs van Montfort, Renee van der Sluis, Dave Speijer, Ben Berkhout Session 4: RNA trafficking & packaging O11 A novel cis-acting element affecting HIV replication Bo Meng, Andrzej Rutkowski, Neil Berry, Lars Dölken, Andrew Lever O12 Tolerance of HIV’s late gene expression towards stepwise codon adaptation Thomas Schuster, Benedikt Asbach, Ralf Wagner Session 5: Assembly & release O13 Importance of the tax-inducible actin-bundling protein fascin for transmission of human T cell leukemia virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Christine Gross, Veit Wiesmann, Martina Kalmer, Thomas Wittenberg, Jan Gettemans, Andrea K. Thoma-Kress O14 Lentiviral nef proteins antagonize TIM-mediated inhibition of viral release Minghua Li, Eric O. Freed, Shan-Lu Liu Session 6: Pathogenesis & evolution O15 SEVI and semen prolong the half-life of HIV-1 Janis Müller, Jan Münch O16 CD169+ macrophages mediate retrovirus trans-infection of permissive lymphocytes to establish infection in vivo Xaver Sewald, Pradeep Uchil, Mark Ladinsky, Jagadish Beloor, Ruoxi Pi, Christin Herrmann, Nasim Motamedi, Thomas Murooka, Michael Brehm, Dale Greiner, Thorsten Mempel, Pamela Bjorkman, Priti Kumar, Walther Mothes O17 Efficient replication of a vpu containing SIVagm construct in African Green Monkeys requires an HIV-1 nef gene Simone Joas, Erica Parrish, Clement Wesley Gnanadurai, Edina Lump, Christina M. Stürzel, Nicholas F. Parrish, Ulrike Sauermann, Katharina Töpfer, Tina Schultheiss, Steven Bosinger, Guido Silvestri, Cristian Apetrei, Nicholas Huot, Michaela Müller-Trutwin, Daniel Sauter, Beatrice H. Hahn, Christiane Stahl-Hennig, Frank Kirchhoff O18 Reprogramming initiates mobilization of endogenous mutagenic LINE-1, Alu and SVA retrotransposons in human induced pluripotent stem cells with consequences for host gene expression Gerald Schumann, Sabine Jung-Klawitter, Nina V. Fuchs, Kyle R. Upton, Martin Muñoz-Lopez, Ruchi Shukla, Jichang Wang, Marta Garcia-Canadas, Cesar Lopez-Ruiz, Daniel J. Gerhardt, Attila Sebe, Ivana Grabundzija, Patricia Gerdes, Sylvia Merkert, Andres Pulgarin, Anja Bock, Ulrike Held, Anett Witthuhn, Alexandra Haase, Ernst J. Wolvetang, Ulrich Martin, Zoltán Ivics, Zsuzsanna Izsvák, J. Garcia-Perez, Geoffrey J. Faulkner O19 NF-κB activation induces expression of human endogenous retrovirus and particle production Tara Hurst, Aris Katzourakis, Gkikas Magiorkinis Session 7a and b: Innate sensing & intrinsic immunity O20 Identification of the phosphatase acting on T592 in SAMHD1 during M/G1 transition Kerstin Schott, Rita Derua, Janna Seifried, Andreas Reuter, Heike Schmitz, Christiane Tondera, Alberto Brandariz-Nuñez, Felipe Diaz-Griffero, Veerle Janssens, Renate König O21 Vpx overcomes a SAMHD1-independent block to HIV reverse transcription that is specific to resting CD4 T cells Hanna-Mari Baldauf, Lena Stegmann, Sarah-Marie Schwarz, Maud Trotard, Margarethe Martin, Gina Lenzi, Manja Burggraf, Xiaoyu Pan, Oliver I. Fregoso, Efrem S. Lim, Libin Abraham, Elina Erikson, Laura Nguyen, Ina Ambiel, Frank Rutsch, Renate König, Baek Kim, Michael Emerman, Oliver T. Fackler, Oliver T. Keppler O22 The role of SAMHD1 in antiviral restriction and immune sensing in the mouse Sabine Wittmann, Rayk Behrendt, Bianca Volkmann, Kristin Eissmann, Thomas Gramberg O23 T cells expressing reduced restriction factors are preferentially infected in therapy naïve HIV-1 patients Sebastian Bolduan, Herwig Koppensteiner, Stefanie Regensburg, Ruth Brack-Werner, Rika Draenert, Michael Schindler O24 cGAS-mediated innate immunity spreads through HIV-1 env-induced membrane fusion sites from infected to uninfected primary HIV-1 target cells Aurélie Ducroux, Shuting Xu, Aparna Ponnurangam, Sergej Franz, Angelina Malassa, Ellen Ewald, Christine Goffinet O25 Perturbation of innate RNA and DNA sensing by human T cell leukemia virus type 1 oncoproteins Sin-Yee Fung, Ching-Ping Chan, Chun-Kit Yuen, Kin-Hang Kok, Chin-Ping Chan, Dong-Yan Jin O26 Induction and anti-viral activity of Interferon α subtypes in HIV-1 infection Ulf Dittmer O27 Vpu-mediated counteraction of tetherin is a major determinant of HIV-1 interferon resistance Dorota Kmiec, Shilpa Iyer, Christina Stürzel, Daniel Sauter, Beatrice Hahn, Frank Kirchhoff O28 DNA repair protein Rad18 restricts HIV-1 and LINE-1 life cycle Yasuo Ariumi, Mariko Yasuda-Inoue, Koudai Kawano, Satoshi Tateishi, Priscilla Turelli O29 Natural mutations in IFITM3 allow escape from post-translational regulation and toggle antiviral specificity Alex Compton, Nicolas Roy, Françoise Porrot, Anne Billet, Nicoletta Casartelli, Jacob Yount, Chen Liang, Oliver Schwartz Session 8: Adaptive immunity & immune evasion O30 Observing evolution in HIV-1 infection: phylogenetics and mutant selection windows to infer the influence of the autologous antibody response on the viral quasispecies Carsten Magnus, Lucia Reh, Penny Moore, Therese Uhr, Jacqueline Weber, Lynn Morris, Alexandra Trkola O31 Dose and subtype specific analyses of the anti-HIV effects of IFN-alpha family members Rashel V. Grindberg, Erika Schlaepfer, Gideon Schreiber, Viviana Simon, Roberto F. Speck Session 9: Novel antiviral strategies O32 LEDGIN-mediated inhibition of the integrase-LEDGF/p75 interaction reduces reactivation of residual latent HIV Zeger Debyser, Lenard Vranckx, Jonas Demeulemeester, Suha Saleh, Eric Verdin, Anna Cereseto, Frauke Christ, Rik Gijsbers O33 NKG2D-mediated clearance of reactivated viral reservoirs by natural killer cells O34 Inhibition of HIV reactivation in brain cells by AAV-mediated delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 O35 CRISPR-Cas9 as antiviral: potent HIV-1 inhibition, but rapid virus escape and the subsequent design of escape-proof antiviral strategies Ben Berkhout, Gang Wang, Na Zhao, Atze T. Das Session 10: Recent advances in HIV vaccine development O36 Priming with a potent HIV-1 DNA vaccine frames the quality of T cell and antibody responses prior to a poxvirus and protein boost Benedikt Asbach, Josef Köstler, Beatriz Perdiguero, Mariano Esteban, Bertram L. Jacobs, David C. Montefiori, Celia C. LaBranche, Nicole L. Yates, Georgia D. Tomaras, Guido Ferrari, Kathryn E. Foulds, Mario Roederer, Gary Landucci, Donald N. Forthal, Michael S. Seaman, Natalie Hawkins, Steven G. Self, Sanjay Phogat, James Tartaglia, Susan W. Barnett, Brian Burke, Anthony D. Cristillo, Song Ding, Jonathan L. Heeney, Giuseppe Pantaleo, Ralf Wagner O37 Passive immunisation with a neutralising antibody against HIV-1 Env prevents infection of the first cells in a mucosal challenge rhesus monkey model Christiane Stahl-Hennig, Viktoria Stab, Armin Ensser, Ulrike Sauermann, Bettina Tippler, Dennis Burton, Matthias Tenbusch, Klaus Überla O38 HIV antibody Fc-glycoforms drive B cell affinity maturation Galit Alter, Giuseppe Lofano, Anne-Sophie Dugast, Viraj Kulkarni, Todd Suscovich Poster presentations Topic 1: Entry & uncoating P1 Dynein light chain is required for murine leukemia virus infection Tatiana Opazo, Felipe Barraza, Diego Herrera, Andrea Garces, Tomas Schwenke, Diego Tapia, Jorge Cancino, Gloria Arriagada P2 Peptide paratope mimics of the broadly neutralising HIV-1 antibody b12 Christina Haußner, Dominik Damm, Anette Rohrhofer, Barbara Schmidt, Jutta Eichler P3 Investigating cellular pathways involved in the transmission of HIV-1 between dendritic cells and T cells using RNAi screening techniques Rebecca Midgley, James Wheeldon, Vincent Piguet P4 Co-receptor tropism in HIV-1, HIV-2 monotypic and dual infections Priyanka Khopkar, Megha Rohamare, Smita Kulkarni P5 Characterisation of the role of CIB1 and CIB2 as HIV-1 helper factors Ana Godinho-Santos, Allan Hance, Joao Goncalves, Fabrizio Mammano P6 Buffering deleterious polymorphisms in the highly constrained C2 region of HIV-1 envelope by the flexible V3 domain Romain Gasser, Meriem Hamoudi, Martina Pellicciotta, Zhicheng Zhou, Clara Visdeloup, Philippe Colin, Martine Braibant, Bernard Lagane, Matteo Negroni P7 Entry inhibition of HERV-K(HML-2) by an Env-IgG fusion protein Jula Wamara, Norbert Bannert Topic 2: Reverse transcription & integration P8 The R263K/H51Y resistance substitutions in HIV integrase decreases levels of integrated HIV DNA over time Thibault Mesplede, Nathan Osman, Kaitlin Anstett, Jiaming Calvin Liang, Hanh Thi Pham, Mark Wainberg P9 The Retrovirus Integration Database (RID) Wei Shao, Jigui Shan, Mary Kearney, Xiaolin Wu, Frank Maldarelli, John Mellors, Brian Luke, John Coffin, Stephen Hughes P10 The small molecule 3G11 inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcription Thomas Fricke, Silvana Opp, Caitlin Shepard, Dmitri Ivanov, Baek Kim, Jose Valle-Casuso, Felipe Diaz-Griffero P11 Dual and opposite regulation of HIV-1 integration by hRAD51: impact on therapeutical approaches using homologous DNA repair modulators Vincent Parissi P12 A flexible motif essential for integration by HIV-1 integrase Marine Kanja, Pierre Cappy, Matteo Negroni, Daniela Lener P13 Interaction between HIV-1 integrase and the host protein Ku70: identification of the binding site and study of the influence on integrase-proteasome interplay Ekaterina Knyazhanskaya, Andrey Anisenko, Timofey Zatsepin, Marina Gottikh P14 Normalisation based method for deep sequencing of somatic retroelement integrations in human genome Alexander Komkov, Anastasia Minervina, Gaiaz Nugmanov, Vadim Nazarov, Konstantin Khodosevich, Ilgar Mamedov, Yuri Lebedev Topic 3: Transcription and latency P15 BCA2/RABRING7 restricts HIV-1 transcription by preventing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB Marta Colomer-Lluch, Ruth Serra-Moreno P16 MATR3 post-transcriptional regulation of HIV-1 transcription during latency Ambra Sarracino, Anna Kula, Lavina Gharu, Alexander Pasternak, Carine Van Lint, Alessandro Marcello P17 HIV-1 tat intersects the SUMO pathway to regulate HIV-1 promoter activity Ann Marie McCartin, Anurag Kulkarni, Valentin Le Douce, Virginie Gautier P18 Conservation in HIV-1 Vpr guides tertiary gRNA folding and alternative splicing Ann Baeyens, Evelien Naessens, Anouk Van Nuffel, Karin Weening, Anne-Marie Reilly, Eva Claeys, Wim Trypsteen, Linos Vandekerckhove, Sven Eyckerman, Kris Gevaert, Bruno Verhasselt P19 The majority of reactivatable latent HIV are genetically distinct Hoi Ping Mok, Nicholas Norton, Axel Fun, Jack Hirst, Mark Wills, Andrew Lever P20 Do mutations in the tat exonic splice enhancer contribute to HIV-1 latency? Nicholas Norton, Hoi Ping Mok, Jack Hirst, Andrew Lever P21 Culture-to-Ct: A fast and direct RT-qPCR HIV gene reactivation screening method using primary T cell culture Valentin Le Douce, Ann Marie McCartin, Virginie Gautier P22 A novel approach to define populations of early silenced proviruses Dalibor Miklik, Filip Senigl, Jiri Hejnar Topic 4: RNA trafficking & packaging P23 Functional analysis of the structure and conformation of HIV-1 genome RNA DIS Jun-ichi Sakuragi, Sayuri Sakuragi, Masaru Yokoyama, Tatsuo Shioda, Hironori Sato P24 Regulation of foamy viral env splicing controls gag and pol expression Jochen Bodem, Rebecca Moschall, Sarah Denk, Steffen Erkelenz, Christian Schenk, Heiner Schaal Topic 5: Assembly & release P25 Transfer of HTLV-1 p8 to target T cells depends on VASP: a novel interaction partner of p8 Norbert Donhauser, Ellen Socher, Sebastian Millen, Heinrich Sticht, Andrea K. Thoma-Kress P26 COL4A1 and COL4A2 are novel HTLV-1 tax targets with a putative role in virus transmission Christine Gross, Sebastian Millen, Melanie Mann, Klaus Überla, Andrea K. Thoma-Kress P27 The C terminus of foamy virus gag protein is required for particle formation, and virus budding: starting assembly at the C terminus? Guochao Wei, Matthew J. Betts, Yang Liu, Timo Kehl, Robert B. Russell, Martin Löchelt P28 Generation of an antigen-capture ELISA and analysis of Rec and Staufen-1 effects on HERV-K(HML-2) virus particle production Oliver Hohn, Saeed Mostafa, Kirsten Hanke, Stephen Norley, Norbert Bannert P29 Antagonism of BST-2/tetherin is a conserved function of primary HIV-2 Env glycoproteins Chia-Yen Chen, Masashi Shingai, Pedro Borrego, Nuno Taveira, Klaus Strebel P30 Mutations in the packaging signal region of the HIV-1 genome cause a late domain mutant phenotype Chris Hellmund, Bo Meng, Andrew Lever P31 p6 regulates membrane association of HIV-1 gag Melanie Friedrich, Friedrich Hahn, Christian Setz, Pia Rauch, Kirsten Fraedrich, Alina Matthaei, Petra Henklein, Maximilian Traxdorf, Torgils Fossen, Ulrich Schubert Topic 6: Pathogenesis & evolution P32 Molecular and structural basis of protein evolution during viral adaptation Aya Khwaja, Meytal Galilee, Akram Alian P33 HIV-1 enhancement and neutralisation by soluble gp120 and its role for the selection of the R5-tropic “best fit” Birco Schwalbe, Heiko Hauser, Michael Schreiber P34 An insertion of seven amino acids in the Env cytoplasmic tail of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 2 (HIV-2) selected during disease progression enhances viral replication François Dufrasne, Mara Lucchetti, Patrick Goubau, Jean Ruelle P35 Cell-associated HIV-1 unspliced to multiply spliced RNA ratio at 12 weeks ART correlates with markers of immune activation and apoptosis and predicts the CD4 T-cell count at 96 weeks ART Mirte Scherpenisse, Ben Berkhout, Alexander Pasternak P36 Faster progression in non-B subtype HIV-1-infected patients than Korean subclade of subtype B is accompanied by higher variation and no induction of gross deletion in non-B nef gene by Korean red ginseng treatment Young-Keol Cho, Jungeun Kim, Daeun Jeong P37 Aberrant expression of ERVWE1 endogenous retrovirus and overexpression of TET dioxygenases are characteristic features of seminoma Katerina Trejbalova, Martina Benesova, Dana Kucerova, Zdenka Vernerova, Rachel Amouroux, Petra Hajkova, Jiri Hejnar P38 Life history of the oldest lentivirus: characterisation of ELVgv integrations and the TRIM5 selection pattern in dermoptera Daniel Elleder, Tomas Hron, Helena Farkasova, Abinash Padhi, Jan Paces P39 Characterisation of a highly divergent endogenous retrovirus in the equine germ line Henan Zhu, Robert Gifford, Pablo Murcia P40 The emergence of pandemic retroviral infection in small ruminants Maria Luisa Carrozza, Anna-Maria Niewiadomska, Maurizio Mazzei, Mounir Abi-Said, Joseph Hughes, Stéphane Hué, Robert Gifford P41 Near full-length genome (NFLG) Characterisation of HIV-1 subtype B identified in South Africa Adetayo Obasa, Graeme Jacobs, Susan Engelbrecht P42 Acquisition of Vpu-mediated tetherin antagonism by an HIV-1 group O strain Katharina Mack, Kathrin Starz, Daniel Sauter, Matthias Geyer, Frederic Bibollet-Ruche, Christina Stürzel, Marie Leoz, Jean Christophe Plantier, Beatrice H. Hahn, Frank Kirchhoff P43 The human endogenous retrovirus type K is involved in cancer stem cell markers expression and in human melanoma malignancy Ayele Argaw-Denboba, Emanuela Balestrieri, Annalucia Serafino, Ilaria Bucci, Chiara Cipriani, Corrado Spadafora, Paolo Sinibaldi-Vallebona, Claudia Matteucci P44 Natural infection of Indian non-human primates by unique lentiviruses S. Nandi Jayashree, Ujjwal Neogi, Anil K. Chhangani, Shravan Sing Rathore, Bajrang R. J. Mathur P45 Free cervical cancer screening among HIV-positive women receiving antiretroviral treatment in Nigeria Adeyemi Abati P46 Molecular evolutionary status of feline immunodeficiency virus in Turkey B. Taylan Koç, Tuba Çiğdem Oğuzoğlu Topic 7: Innate sensing & intrinsic immunity P47 Cell-to-cell contact with HTLV-1-infected T cells reduces dendritic cell immune functions and contributes to infection in trans. Takatoshi Shimauchi, Stephan Caucheteux, Jocelyn Turpin, Katja Finsterbusch, Charles Bangham, Yoshiki Tokura, Vincent Piguet P48 Deciphering the mechanisms of HIV-1 exacerbation induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in monocytes/macrophages Shanti Souriant, Luciana Balboa, Karine Pingris, Denise Kviatcowsky, Brigitte Raynaud-Messina, Céline Cougoule, Ingrid Mercier, Marcelo Kuroda, Pablo González-Montaner, Sandra Inwentarz, Eduardo Jose Moraña, Maria del Carmen Sasiain, Olivier Neyrolles, Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini, Geanncarlo Lugo-Villarino, Christel Vérollet P49 The SAMHD1-mediated inhibition of LINE-1 retroelements is regulated by phosphorylation Alexandra Herrmann, Sabine Wittmann, Caitlin Shepard, Dominique Thomas, Nerea Ferreirós Bouzas, Baek Kim, Thomas Gramberg P50 Activities of nuclear envelope protein SUN2 in HIV infection Xavier Lahaye, Anvita Bhargava, Takeshi Satoh, Matteo Gentili, Silvia Cerboni, Aymeric Silvin, Cécile Conrad, Hakim Ahmed-Belkacem, Elisa C. Rodriguez, Jean-François Guichou, Nathalie Bosquet, Matthieu Piel, Roger Le Grand, Megan King, Jean-Michel Pawlotsky, Nicolas Manel P51 Activation of TLR7/8 with a small molecule agonist induces a novel restriction to HIV-1 infection of monocytes Henning Hofmann, Benedicte Vanwalscappel, Nicolin Bloch, Nathaniel Landau P52 Steady state between the DNA polymerase and Rnase H domain activities of reverse transcriptases determines the sensitivity of retroviruses to inhibition by APOBEC3 proteins Stanislav Indik, Benedikt Hagen P53 HIV restriction in mature dendritic cells is related to p21 induction and p21-mediated control of the dNTP pool and SAMHD1 activity. José Carlos Valle-Casuso, Awatef Allouch, Annie David, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, Michaela Müller-Trutwin, Monsef Benkirane, Gianfranco Pancino, Asier Saez-Cirion P54 IFITM protens restrict HIV-1 protein synthesis Wing-Yiu Lee, Chen Liang, Richard Sloan P55 Characterisation and functional analysis of the novel restriction factor Serinc5 Bianca Schulte, Silvana Opp, Felipe Diaz-Griffero P56 piRNA sequences are common in Human Endogenous Retroviral Sequences (HERVs): An antiretroviral restriction mechanism? Jonas Blomberg, Luana Vargiu, Patricia Rodriguez-Tomé, Enzo Tramontano, Göran Sperber P57 Ferroportin restricts HIV-1 infection in sickle cell disease Namita Kumari, Tatiana Ammosova, Sharmeen Diaz, Patricia Oneal, Sergei Nekhai P58 APOBEC3G modulates the response to antiretroviral drugs in humanized mice Audrey Fahrny, Gustavo Gers-Huber, Annette Audigé, Roberto F. Speck, Anitha Jayaprakash, Ravi Sachidanandam, Matt Hernandez, Marsha Dillon-White, Viviana Simon P59 High-throughput epigenetic analysis of evolutionarily young endogenous retrovirus presents in the mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) genome Tomas Hron, Helena Farkasova, Daniel Elleder P60 Characterisation of the expression of novel endogenous retroviruses and immune interactions in a macaque model Neil Berry, Emmanuel Maze, Claire Ham, Neil Almond, Greg Towers, Robert Belshaw P61 HIV-1 restriction by orthologs of SERINC3 and SERINC5 Patrícia de Sousa-Pereira, Joana Abrantes, Massimo Pizzato, Pedro J. Esteves, Oliver T. Fackler, Oliver T. Keppler, Hanna-Mari Baldauf P62 TRIM19/PML restricts HIV infection in a cell type-dependent manner Bianca Volkmann, Tanja Kahle, Kristin Eissmann, Alexandra Herrmann, Sven Schmitt, Sabine Wittmann, Laura Merkel, Nina Reuter, Thomas Stamminger, Thomas Gramberg P63 Recent invasion of the mule deer genome by a retrovirus Helena Farkasova, Tomas Hron, Daniel Elleder P64 Does the antiviral protein SAMHD1 influence mitochondrial function? Ilaria Dalla Rosa, Kate Bishop, Antonella Spinazzola, Harriet Groom P65 cGAMP transfers intercellularly via HIV-1 Env-mediated cell–cell fusion sites and triggers an innate immune response in primary target cells Shuting Xu, Aurélie Ducroux, Aparna Ponnurangam, Sergej Franz, Gabrielle Vieyres, Mathias Müsken, Thomas Zillinger, Angelina Malassa, Ellen Ewald, Veit Hornung, Winfried Barchet, Susanne Häussler, Thomas Pietschmann, Christine Goffinet P66 Pre-infection transcript levels of FAM26F in PBMCS inform about overall plasma viral load in acute and postacute phase after SIV-infection Ulrike Sauermann, Aneela Javed, Nicole Leuchte, Gabriela Salinas, Lennart Opitz, Christiane Stahl-Hennig, Sieghart Sopper P67 Sequence-function analysis of three T cell receptors targeting the HIV-1 p17 epitope SLYNTVATL Christiane Mummert, Christian Hofmann, Angela G. Hückelhoven, Silke Bergmann, Sandra M. Müller-Schmucker, Ellen G. Harrer, Jan Dörrie, Niels Schaft, Thomas Harrer P68 An immunodominant region of the envelope glycoprotein of small ruminant lentiviruses may function as decoy antigen Laure Cardinaux, M.-L. Zahno, H.-R. Vogt, R. Zanoni, G. Bertoni P69 Impact of immune activation, immune exhaustion, broadly neutralising antibodies and viral reservoirs on disease progression in HIV-infected children Maximilian Muenchhoff, Philip Goulder, Oliver Keppler Topic 9: Novel antiviral strategies P70 Identification of natural compounds as new antiviral products by bioassay-guided fractionation Alexandra Herrmann, Stephanie Rebensburg, Markus Helfer, Michael Schindler, Ruth Brack-Werner P71 The PPARG antagonism disconnects the HIV replication and effector functions in Th17 cells Yuwei Zhang, Huicheng Chen, Delphine Planas, Annie Bernier, Annie Gosselin, Jean-Pierre Routy, Petronela Ancuta P72 Characterisation of a multiresistant subtype AG reverse transcriptase: AZT resistance, sensitivity to RNase H inhibitors and inhibitor binding Birgitta Wöhrl, Anna Schneider, Angela Corona, Imke Spöring, Mareike Jordan, Bernd Buchholz, Elias Maccioni, Roberto Di Santo, Jochen Bodem, Enzo Tramontano, Kristian Schweimer P73 Insigths into the acetylation pattern of HDAC inhibitors and their potential role in HIV therapy Christian Schölz, Brian Weinert, Sebastian Wagner, Petra Beli, Yasuyuki Miyake, Jun Qi, Lars Jensen, Werner Streicher, Anna McCarthy, Nicholas Westwood, Sonia Lain, Jürgen Cox, Patrick Matthias, Matthias Mann, James Bradner, Chunaram Choudhary P74 HPV-derived and seminal amyloid peptides enhance HIV-1 infection and impair the efficacy of broadly neutralising antibodies and antiretroviral drugs Marcel Stern, Oliver T. Keppler P75 D(−)lentiginosine inhibits both proliferation and virus expression in cells infected by HTLV-1 in vitro Elena Valletta, Caterina Frezza, Claudia Matteucci, Francesca Marino-Merlo, Sandro Grelli, Anna Lucia Serafino, Antonio Mastino, Beatrice Macchi P76 HIV-1 resistance analyses of the Cape Winelands districts, South Africa Sello Mikasi, Graeme Jacobs, Susan Engelbrecht Topic 10: Recent advances in HIV vaccine development P77 Induction of complex retrovirus antigen-specific immune responses by adenovirus-based vectors depends on the order of vector administration Meike Kaulfuß, Sonja Windmann, Wibke Bayer P78 Direct impact of structural properties of HIV-1 Env on the regulation of the humoral immune response Rebecca Heß, Michael Storcksdieck gen. Bonsmann, Viktoria Stab, Carsten Kirschning, Bernd Lepenies, Matthias Tenbusch, Klaus Überla P79 Lentiviral virus-like particles mediate gerenration of T-follicular helper cells in vitro Anne Kolenbrander, Klaus Überla, Vladimir Temchura P80 Recruitment of HIV-1 Vpr to DNA damage sites and protection of proviral DNA from nuclease activity Kenta Iijima, Junya Kobayashi, Yukihito Ishizaka
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Urano E, Miyauchi K, Kojima Y, Hamatake M, Ablan SD, Fudo S, Freed EO, Hoshino T, Komano J. A Triazinone Derivative Inhibits HIV-1 Replication by Interfering with Reverse Transcriptase Activity. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:2320-2326. [PMID: 27634404 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A novel HIV-1 inhibitor, 6-(tert-butyl)-4-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H,3H-1,3,5-triazin-2-one (compound 1), was identified from a compound library screened for the ability to inhibit HIV-1 replication. EC50 values of compound 1 were found to range from 107.9 to 145.4 nm against primary HIV-1 clinical isolates. In in vitro assays, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) activity was inhibited by compound 1 with an EC50 of 4.3 μm. An assay for resistance to compound 1 selected a variant of HIV-1 with a RT mutation (RTL100I ); this frequently identified mutation confers mild resistance to non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs). A recombinant HIV-1 bearing RTL100I exhibited a 41-fold greater resistance to compound 1 than the wild-type virus. Compound 1 was also effective against HIV-1 with RTK103N , one of the major mutations that confers substantial resistance to NNRTIs. Computer-assisted docking simulations indicated that compound 1 binds to the RT NNRTI binding pocket in a manner similar to that of efavirenz; however, the putative compound 1 binding site is located further from RTK103 than that of efavirenz. Compound 1 is a novel NNRTI with a unique drug-resistance profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Urano
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.,The Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Kosuke Miyauchi
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoko Kojima
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 3-69, Nakamachi, 1-chome, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan
| | - Makiko Hamatake
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Sherimay D Ablan
- The Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Satoshi Fudo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Eric O Freed
- The Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Tyuji Hoshino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Jun Komano
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 3-69, Nakamachi, 1-chome, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nagoya Medical Center, 4-1-1 Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya, 460-0001, Japan.
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Abstract
The retroviral enzyme integrase plays an essential role in the virus replication cycle by catalyzing the covalent insertion of newly synthesized viral DNA into the host cell chromosome early after infection. Now, Kessl et al. report a second function of integrase: binding to the viral RNA genome in virion particles late in the virus replication cycle to promote particle maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Mercredi PY, Bucca N, Loeliger B, Gaines CR, Mehta M, Bhargava P, Tedbury PR, Charlier L, Floquet N, Muriaux D, Favard C, Sanders CR, Freed EO, Marchant J, Summers MF. Structural and Molecular Determinants of Membrane Binding by the HIV-1 Matrix Protein. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:1637-55. [PMID: 26992353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Assembly of HIV-1 particles is initiated by the trafficking of viral Gag polyproteins from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane, where they co-localize and bud to form immature particles. Membrane targeting is mediated by the N-terminally myristoylated matrix (MA) domain of Gag and is dependent on the plasma membrane marker phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2]. Recent studies revealed that PI(4,5)P2 molecules containing truncated acyl chains [tr-PI(4,5)P2] are capable of binding MA in an "extended lipid" conformation and promoting myristoyl exposure. Here we report that tr-PI(4,5)P2 molecules also readily bind to non-membrane proteins, including HIV-1 capsid, which prompted us to re-examine MA-PI(4,5)P2 interactions using native lipids and membrane mimetic liposomes and bicelles. Liposome binding trends observed using a recently developed NMR approach paralleled results of flotation assays, although the affinities measured under the equilibrium conditions of NMR experiments were significantly higher. Native PI(4,5)P2 enhanced MA binding to liposomes designed to mimic non-raft-like regions of the membrane, suggesting the possibility that binding of the protein to disordered domains may precede Gag association with, or nucleation of, rafts. Studies with bicelles revealed a subset of surface and myr-associated MA residues that are sensitive to native PI(4,5)P2, but cleft residues that interact with the 2'-acyl chains of tr-PI(4,5)P2 molecules in aqueous solution were insensitive to native PI(4,5)P2 in bicelles. Our findings call to question extended-lipid MA:membrane binding models, and instead support a model put forward from coarse-grained simulations indicating that binding is mediated predominantly by dynamic, electrostatic interactions between conserved basic residues of MA and multiple PI(4,5)P2 and phosphatidylserine molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Y Mercredi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Nadine Bucca
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Burk Loeliger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Christy R Gaines
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Mansi Mehta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Pallavi Bhargava
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Philip R Tedbury
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute at Fredrick, Fredrick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Landry Charlier
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, CNRS UMR5247, Université Montpellier, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Nicolas Floquet
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, CNRS UMR5247, Université Montpellier, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Delphine Muriaux
- Centre d'études d'agents Pathogénes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé CNRS-UMR 5236, Université Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Cyril Favard
- Centre d'études d'agents Pathogénes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé CNRS-UMR 5236, Université Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Charles R Sanders
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Structural Biology, and Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240-7917, USA
| | - Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute at Fredrick, Fredrick, MD 21702-1201, USA.
| | - Jan Marchant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
| | - Michael F Summers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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Afonin KA, Viard M, Tedbury P, Bindewald E, Parlea L, Howington M, Valdman M, Johns-Boehme A, Brainerd C, Freed EO, Shapiro BA. The Use of Minimal RNA Toeholds to Trigger the Activation of Multiple Functionalities. Nano Lett 2016; 16:1746-53. [PMID: 26926382 PMCID: PMC6345527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Current work reports the use of single-stranded RNA toeholds of different lengths to promote the reassociation of various RNA-DNA hybrids, which results in activation of multiple split functionalities inside human cells. The process of reassociation is analyzed and followed with a novel computational multistrand secondary structure prediction algorithm and various experiments. All of our previously designed RNA/DNA nanoparticles employed single-stranded DNA toeholds to initiate reassociation. The use of RNA toeholds is advantageous because of the simpler design rules, the shorter toeholds, and the smaller size of the resulting nanoparticles (by up to 120 nucleotides per particle) compared to the same hybrid nanoparticles with single-stranded DNA toeholds. Moreover, the cotranscriptional assemblies result in higher yields for hybrid nanoparticles with ssRNA toeholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill A. Afonin
- Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Mathias Viard
- Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Philip Tedbury
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Eckart Bindewald
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Lorena Parlea
- Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Marshall Howington
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Melissa Valdman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Alizah Johns-Boehme
- Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Cara Brainerd
- Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Eric O. Freed
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Bruce A. Shapiro
- Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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45
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Yu J, Li M, Wilkins J, Ding S, Swartz TH, Esposito AM, Zheng YM, Freed EO, Liang C, Chen BK, Liu SL. IFITM Proteins Restrict HIV-1 Infection by Antagonizing the Envelope Glycoprotein. Cell Rep 2015; 13:145-156. [PMID: 26387945 PMCID: PMC4602366 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins have been recently shown to restrict HIV-1 and other viruses. Here, we provide evidence that IFITM proteins, particularly IFITM2 and IFITM3, specifically antagonize the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env), thereby inhibiting viral infection. IFITM proteins interact with HIV-1 Env in viral producer cells, leading to impaired Env processing and virion incorporation. Notably, the level of IFITM incorporation into HIV-1 virions does not strictly correlate with the extent of inhibition. Prolonged passage of HIV-1 in IFITM-expressing T lymphocytes leads to emergence of Env mutants that overcome IFITM restriction. The ability of IFITMs to inhibit cell-to-cell infection can be extended to HIV-1 primary isolates, HIV-2 and SIVs; however, the extent of inhibition appears to be virus-strain dependent. Overall, our study uncovers a mechanism by which IFITM proteins specifically antagonize HIV-1 Env to restrict HIV-1 infection and provides insight into the specialized role of IFITMs in HIV infection. IFITMs inhibit HIV-1 cell-to-cell infection and impair viral infectivity IFITMs specifically interact with HIV-1 Env and inhibit Env processing IFITM incorporation into HIV-1 virions does not correlate with inhibition IFITM inhibition of primate lentiviruses is virus-strain specific
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyou Yu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Minghua Li
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jordan Wilkins
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Shilei Ding
- McGill AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Talia H Swartz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Anthony M Esposito
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Yi-Min Zheng
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Chen Liang
- McGill AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Benjamin K Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Abstract
Major advances have occurred in recent years in our understanding of HIV-1 assembly, release and maturation, as work in this field has been propelled forwards by developments in imaging technology, structural biology, and cell and molecular biology. This increase in basic knowledge is being applied to the development of novel inhibitors designed to target various aspects of virus assembly and maturation. This Review highlights recent progress in elucidating the late stages of the HIV-1 replication cycle and the related interplay between virology, cell and molecular biology, and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bg. 535, Room 110, 1050 Boyles St., Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, USA
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47
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Gerber PP, Cabrini M, Jancic C, Paoletti L, Banchio C, von Bilderling C, Sigaut L, Pietrasanta LI, Duette G, Freed EO, Basile GDS, Moita CF, Moita LF, Amigorena S, Benaroch P, Geffner J, Ostrowski M. Rab27a controls HIV-1 assembly by regulating plasma membrane levels of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. J Cell Biol 2015; 209:435-52. [PMID: 25940347 PMCID: PMC4427790 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201409082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During the late stages of the HIV-1 replication cycle, the viral polyprotein Pr55(Gag) is recruited to the plasma membrane (PM), where it binds phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) and directs HIV-1 assembly. We show that Rab27a controls the trafficking of late endosomes carrying phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2 α (PI4KIIα) toward the PM of CD4(+) T cells. Hence, Rab27a promotes high levels of PM phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and the localized production of PI(4,5)P2, therefore controlling Pr55(Gag) membrane association. Rab27a also controls PI(4,5)P2 levels at the virus-containing compartments of macrophages. By screening Rab27a effectors, we identified that Slp2a, Slp3, and Slac2b are required for the association of Pr55(Gag) with the PM and that Slp2a cooperates with Rab27a in the recruitment of PI4KIIα to the PM. We conclude that by directing the trafficking of PI4KIIα-positive endosomes toward the PM, Rab27a controls PI(4,5)P2 production and, consequently, HIV-1 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pehuén Pereyra Gerber
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida (INBIRS)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Cabrini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida (INBIRS)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Jancic
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, C1425AUM Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Paoletti
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, S2000EZP Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Claudia Banchio
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, S2000EZP Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Catalina von Bilderling
- Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Departamento de Física; and Centro de Microscopías Avanzadas; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorena Sigaut
- Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Departamento de Física; and Centro de Microscopías Avanzadas; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lía I Pietrasanta
- Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Departamento de Física; and Centro de Microscopías Avanzadas; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Duette
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida (INBIRS)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Genevieve de Saint Basile
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U768 and Institut Imagine, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U768 and Institut Imagine, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Catarina Ferreira Moita
- Innate Immunity and Inflammation Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Luis Ferreira Moita
- Innate Immunity and Inflammation Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sebastian Amigorena
- Centre de Recherche, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, Institut Curie, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Benaroch
- Centre de Recherche, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, Institut Curie, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Jorge Geffner
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida (INBIRS)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matías Ostrowski
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida (INBIRS)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
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48
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Brown LA, Cox C, Baptiste J, Summers H, Button R, Bahlow K, Spurrier V, Kyser J, Luttge BG, Kuo L, Freed EO, Summers MF. NMR structure of the myristylated feline immunodeficiency virus matrix protein. Viruses 2015; 7:2210-29. [PMID: 25941825 PMCID: PMC4452903 DOI: 10.3390/v7052210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane targeting by the Gag proteins of the human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV types-1 and -2) is mediated by Gag's N-terminally myristylated matrix (MA) domain and is dependent on cellular phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2]. To determine if other lentiviruses employ a similar membrane targeting mechanism, we initiated studies of the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), a widespread feline pathogen with potential utility for development of human therapeutics. Bacterial co-translational myristylation was facilitated by mutation of two amino acids near the amino-terminus of the protein (Q5A/G6S; myrMAQ5A/G6S). These substitutions did not affect virus assembly or release from transfected cells. NMR studies revealed that the myristyl group is buried within a hydrophobic pocket in a manner that is structurally similar to that observed for the myristylated HIV-1 protein. Comparisons with a recent crystal structure of the unmyristylated FIV protein [myr(-)MA] indicate that only small changes in helix orientation are required to accommodate the sequestered myr group. Depletion of PI(4,5)P2 from the plasma membrane of FIV-infected CRFK cells inhibited production of FIV particles, indicating that, like HIV, FIV hijacks the PI(4,5)P2 cellular signaling system to direct intracellular Gag trafficking during virus assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola A Brown
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
| | - Cassiah Cox
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
| | - Janae Baptiste
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
| | - Holly Summers
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
| | - Ryan Button
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
| | - Kennedy Bahlow
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
| | - Vaughn Spurrier
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
| | - Jenna Kyser
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
| | - Benjamin G Luttge
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.
| | - Lillian Kuo
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.
| | - Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.
| | - Michael F Summers
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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49
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Tedbury PR, Mercredi PY, Gaines CR, Summers MF, Freed EO. Elucidating the mechanism by which compensatory mutations rescue an HIV-1 matrix mutant defective for gag membrane targeting and envelope glycoprotein incorporation. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:1413-1427. [PMID: 25659909 PMCID: PMC4844178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The matrix (MA) domain of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 Gag is responsible for Gag targeting to the plasma membrane where virions assemble. MA also plays a role in the incorporation of the viral envelope (Env) glycoproteins and can influence particle infectivity post-maturation and post-entry. A highly basic region of MA targets Gag to the plasma membrane via specific binding to phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2]. This binding also triggers exposure of an amino-terminal myristate moiety, which anchors Gag to the membrane. An MA mutant deficient for PI(4,5)P2 binding, 29KE/31KE, has been shown to mislocalize within the cell, leading to particle assembly in a multivesicular body compartment and defective release of cell-free particles in HeLa and 293T cells. Despite the defect in virus production in these cells, release of the 29KE/31KE mutant is not significantly reduced in primary T cells, macrophages and Jurkat T cells. 29KE/31KE virions also display an infectivity defect associated with impaired Env incorporation, irrespective of the producer cell line. Here we examine the properties of 29KE/31KE by analyzing compensatory mutations obtained by a viral adaptation strategy. The MA mutant 16EK restores virus release through enhanced membrane binding. 16EK also influences the infectivity defect, in combination with an additional MA mutant, 62QR. Additionally, the 29KE/31KE MA mutant displays a defect in proteolytic cleavage of the murine leukemia virus Env cytoplasmic tail in pseudotyped virions. Our findings elucidate the mechanism whereby an MA mutant defective in PI(4,5)P2 binding can be rescued and highlight the ability of MA to influence Env glycoprotein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Tedbury
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Peter Y Mercredi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Christy R Gaines
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Michael F Summers
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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50
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Abstract
The advances made in the treatment of HIV-1 infection represent a major success of modern biomedical research, prolonging healthy life and reducing virus transmission. There remain, however, many challenges relating primarily to side effects of long-term therapy and the ever-present danger of the emergence of drug-resistant strains. To counter these threats, there is a continuing need for new and better drugs, ideally targeting multiple independent steps in the HIV-1 replication cycle. The most successful current drugs target the viral enzymes: protease (PR), reverse transcriptase (RT), and integrase (IN). In this review, we outline the advances made in targeting the Gag protein and its mature products, particularly capsid and nucleocapsid, and highlight possible targets for future pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Tedbury
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA
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