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Pang Y, Li Q, Sergi Z, Yu G, Sang X, Kim O, Wang H, Ranjan A, Merchant M, Oudit B, Robey RW, Soheilian F, Tran B, Núñez FJ, Zhang M, Song H, Zhang W, Davis D, Gilbert MR, Gottesman MM, Liu Z, Khan J, Thomas CJ, Castro MG, Gujral TS, Wu J. Exploiting the therapeutic vulnerability of IDH-mutant gliomas with zotiraciclib. bioRxiv 2024:2023.06.29.547143. [PMID: 37786680 PMCID: PMC10541587 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.29.547143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant gliomas have distinctive metabolic and biological traits that may render them susceptible to targeted treatments. Here, by conducting a high-throughput drug screen, we pinpointed a specific susceptibility of IDH-mutant gliomas to zotiraciclib (ZTR). ZTR exhibited selective growth inhibition across multiple IDH-mutant glioma in vitro and in vivo models. Mechanistically, ZTR at low doses suppressed CDK9 and RNA Pol II phosphorylation in IDH-mutant cells, disrupting mitochondrial function and NAD+ production, causing oxidative stress. Integrated biochemical profiling of ZTR kinase targets and transcriptomics unveiled that ZTR-induced bioenergetic failure was linked to the suppression of PIM kinase activity. We posit that the combination of mitochondrial dysfunction and an inability to adapt to oxidative stress resulted in significant cell death upon ZTR treatment, ultimately increasing the therapeutic vulnerability of IDH-mutant gliomas. These findings prompted a clinical trial evaluating ZTR in IDH-mutant gliomas towards precision medicine ( NCT05588141 ). Highlights Zotiraciclib (ZTR), a CDK9 inhibitor, hinders IDH-mutant glioma growth in vitro and in vivo . ZTR halts cell cycle, disrupts respiration, and induces oxidative stress in IDH-mutant cells.ZTR unexpectedly inhibits PIM kinases, impacting mitochondria and causing bioenergetic failure.These findings led to the clinical trial NCT05588141, evaluating ZTR for IDH-mutant gliomas.
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Waheed AA, Zhu Y, Agostino E, Naing L, Hikichi Y, Soheilian F, Yoo SW, Song Y, Zhang P, Slusher BS, Haughey NJ, Freed EO. Neutral sphingomyelinase 2 is required for HIV-1 maturation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219475120. [PMID: 37406093 PMCID: PMC10334776 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219475120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 assembly occurs at the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane (PM) in highly ordered membrane microdomains. The size and stability of membrane microdomains is regulated by activity of the sphingomyelin hydrolase neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) that is localized primarily to the inner leaflet of the PM. In this study, we demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition or depletion of nSMase2 in HIV-1-producer cells results in a block in the processing of the major viral structural polyprotein Gag and the production of morphologically aberrant, immature HIV-1 particles with severely impaired infectivity. We find that disruption of nSMase2 also severely inhibits the maturation and infectivity of other primate lentiviruses HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus, has a modest or no effect on nonprimate lentiviruses equine infectious anemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus, and has no effect on the gammaretrovirus murine leukemia virus. These studies demonstrate a key role for nSMase2 in HIV-1 particle morphogenesis and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul A. Waheed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD21702
| | - Yanan Zhu
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Agostino
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD21702
| | - Lwar Naing
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD21702
| | - Yuta Hikichi
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD21702
| | - Ferri Soheilian
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD21702
| | - Seung-Wan Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Yun Song
- Electron Bio-Imaging Centre, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, DidcotOX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Peijun Zhang
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 7BN, United Kingdom
- Electron Bio-Imaging Centre, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, DidcotOX11 0DE, United Kingdom
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara S. Slusher
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Norman J. Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Eric O. Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD21702
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3
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Yang S, Gorshkov K, Lee EM, Xu M, Cheng YS, Sun N, Soheilian F, de Val N, Ming G, Song H, Tang H, Zheng W. Zika Virus-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis via Increased Mitochondrial Fragmentation. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:598203. [PMID: 33424801 PMCID: PMC7785723 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.598203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2015 to 2016 outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections in the Americas coincided with a dramatic increase in neurodevelopmental abnormalities, including fetal microcephaly, in newborns born to infected women. In this study, we observed mitochondrial fragmentation and disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential after 24 h of ZIKV infection in human neural stem cells and the SNB-19 glioblastoma cell line. The severity of these changes correlated with the amount of ZIKV proteins expressed in infected cells. ZIKV infection also decreased the levels of mitofusin 2, which modulates mitochondria fusion. Mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi-1), a small molecule inhibiting mitochondria fission, ameliorated mitochondria disruptions and reduced cell death in ZIKV-infected cells. Collectively, this study suggests that abnormal mitochondrial fragmentation contributes to ZIKV-induced neuronal cell death; rebalancing mitochondrial dynamics of fission-fusion could be a therapeutic strategy for drug development to treat ZIKV-mediated neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kirill Gorshkov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Emily M Lee
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Miao Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yu-Shan Cheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nuo Sun
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ferri Soheilian
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Natalia de Val
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Guoli Ming
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hengli Tang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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4
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Shah A, Mankus CI, Vermilya AM, Soheilian F, Clogston JD, Dobrovolskaia MA. Feraheme® suppresses immune function of human T lymphocytes through mitochondrial damage and mitoROS production. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 350:52-63. [PMID: 29715466 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite attractive properties for both therapeutic and diagnostic applications, the clinical use of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) is limited to iron replacement in severely anemic patient populations. While several studies have reported about the immunotoxicity of IONPs, the mechanisms of this toxicity are mostly unknown. We conducted a mechanistic investigation using an injectable form of IONP, Feraheme®. In the cultures of primary human T cells, Feraheme induced miotochondrial oxidative stress and resulted in changes in mitochondrial dynamics, architecture, and membrane potential. These molecular events were responsible for the decrease in cytokine production and proliferation of mitogen-activated T cells. The induction of mitoROS by T cells in response to Feraheme was insufficient to induce total redox imbalance at the cellular level. Consequently, we resolved this toxicity by the addition of the mitochondria-specific antioxidant MitoTEMPO. We further used these findings to develop an experimental framework consisting of critical assays that can be used to estimate IONP immunotoxicity. We explored this framework using several immortalized T-cell lines and found that none of them recapitulate the toxicity observed in the primary cells. Next, we compared the immunotoxicity of Feraheme to that of other FDA-approved iron-containing complex drug formulations and found that the mitochondrial damage and the resulting suppression of T-cell function are specific to Feraheme. The framework, therefore, can be used for comparing the immunotoxicity of Feraheme with that of its generic versions, while other iron-based complex drugs require case-specific mechanistic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Shah
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Cassandra I Mankus
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Alison M Vermilya
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ferri Soheilian
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Clogston
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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5
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Greer YE, Porat-Shliom N, Nagashima K, Stuelten C, Crooks D, Koparde VN, Gilbert SF, Islam C, Ubaldini A, Ji Y, Gattinoni L, Soheilian F, Wang X, Hafner M, Shetty J, Tran B, Jailwala P, Cam M, Lang M, Voeller D, Reinhold WC, Rajapakse V, Pommier Y, Weigert R, Linehan WM, Lipkowitz S. ONC201 kills breast cancer cells in vitro by targeting mitochondria. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18454-18479. [PMID: 29719618 PMCID: PMC5915085 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a novel mechanism of action of ONC201 as a mitochondria-targeting drug in cancer cells. ONC201 was originally identified as a small molecule that induces transcription of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and subsequently kills cancer cells by activating TRAIL death receptors. In this study, we examined ONC201 toxicity on multiple human breast and endometrial cancer cell lines. ONC201 attenuated cell viability in all cancer cell lines tested. Unexpectedly, ONC201 toxicity was not dependent on either TRAIL receptors nor caspases. Time-lapse live cell imaging revealed that ONC201 induces cell membrane ballooning followed by rupture, distinct from the morphology of cells undergoing apoptosis. Further investigation found that ONC201 induces phosphorylation of AMP-dependent kinase and ATP loss. Cytotoxicity and ATP depletion were significantly enhanced in the absence of glucose, suggesting that ONC201 targets mitochondrial respiration. Further analysis indicated that ONC201 indirectly inhibits mitochondrial respiration. Confocal and electron microscopic analysis demonstrated that ONC201 triggers mitochondrial structural damage and functional impairment. Moreover, ONC201 decreased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). RNAseq analysis revealed that ONC201 suppresses expression of multiple mtDNA-encoded genes and nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and other mitochondrial functions. Importantly, fumarate hydratase deficient cancer cells and multiple cancer cell lines with reduced amounts of mtDNA were resistant to ONC201. These results indicate that cells not dependent on mitochondrial respiration are ONC201-resistant. Our data demonstrate that ONC201 kills cancer cells by disrupting mitochondrial function and further suggests that cancer cells that are dependent on glycolysis will be resistant to ONC201.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Endo Greer
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Kunio Nagashima
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Christina Stuelten
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dan Crooks
- Urologic Oncology Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vishal N. Koparde
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Samuel F. Gilbert
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Celia Islam
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashley Ubaldini
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yun Ji
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luca Gattinoni
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ferri Soheilian
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Xiantao Wang
- RNA Molecular Biology Group, Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Markus Hafner
- RNA Molecular Biology Group, Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jyoti Shetty
- CCR Sequencing Facility, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Bao Tran
- CCR Sequencing Facility, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Parthav Jailwala
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Maggie Cam
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Martin Lang
- Urologic Oncology Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Donna Voeller
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Vinodh Rajapakse
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Roberto Weigert
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Stanley Lipkowitz
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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6
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Monde K, Terasawa H, Nakano Y, Soheilian F, Nagashima K, Maeda Y, Ono A. Molecular mechanisms by which HERV-K Gag interferes with HIV-1 Gag assembly and particle infectivity. Retrovirology 2017; 14:27. [PMID: 28446240 PMCID: PMC5406883 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-017-0351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), the remnants of ancient retroviral infections, constitute approximately 8% of human genomic DNA. Since HERV-K Gag expression is induced by HIV-1 Tat in T cells, induced HERV-K proteins could affect HIV-1 replication. Indeed, previously we showed that HERV-K Gag and HIV-1 Gag coassemble and that this appears to correlate with the effect of HERV-K Gag expression on HIV-1 particle release and its infectivity. We further showed that coassembly requires both MA and NC domains, which presumably serve as scaffolding for Gag via their abilities to bind membrane and RNA, respectively. Notably, however, despite possessing these abilities, MLV Gag failed to coassemble with HIV-1 Gag and did not affect assembly and infectivity of HIV-1 particles. It is unclear how the specificity of coassembly is determined. Results Here, we showed that coexpression of HERV-K Gag with HIV-1 Gag changed size and morphology of progeny HIV-1 particles and severely diminished infectivity of such progeny viruses. We further compared HERV-K-MLV chimeric constructs to identify molecular determinants for coassembly specificity and for inhibition of HIV-1 release efficiency and infectivity. We found that the CA N-terminal domain (NTD) of HERV-K Gag is important for the reduction of the HIV-1 release efficiency, whereas both CA-NTD and major homology region of HERV-K Gag contribute to colocalization with HIV-1 Gag. Interestingly, these regions of HERV-K Gag were not required for reduction of progeny HIV-1 infectivity. Conclusions Our results showed that HERV-K Gag CA is important for reduction of HIV-1 release and infectivity but the different regions within CA are involved in the effects on the HIV-1 release and infectivity. Altogether, these findings revealed that HERV-K Gag interferes the HIV-1 replication by two distinct molecular mechanisms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12977-017-0351-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Monde
- Department of Medical Virology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. .,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Terasawa
- Department of Medical Virology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakano
- Department of Medical Virology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ferri Soheilian
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kunio Nagashima
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Yosuke Maeda
- Department of Medical Virology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akira Ono
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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7
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Long Y, Xu M, Li R, Dai S, Beers J, Chen G, Soheilian F, Baxa U, Wang M, Marugan JJ, Muro S, Li Z, Brady R, Zheng W. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Disease Modeling and Evaluation of Therapeutics for Niemann-Pick Disease Type A. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1644-1655. [PMID: 27484861 PMCID: PMC5189647 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type A (NPA)-induced pluripotent stem cells from patient dermal fibroblasts were differentiated into neural stem cells. By using the differentiated NPA neuronal cells as a cell-based disease model system, α-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin significantly reduced sphingomyelin accumulation in these NPA neuronal cells. This cell-based NPA model can be used for further study of disease pathophysiology and for high-throughput screening of compound libraries to identify lead compounds for drug development. Niemann-Pick disease type A (NPA) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the SMPD1 gene that encodes acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). Deficiency in ASM function results in lysosomal accumulation of sphingomyelin and neurodegeneration. Currently, there is no effective treatment for NPA. To accelerate drug discovery for treatment of NPA, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells from two patient dermal fibroblast lines and differentiated them into neural stem cells. The NPA neural stem cells exhibit a disease phenotype of lysosomal sphingomyelin accumulation and enlarged lysosomes. By using this disease model, we also evaluated three compounds that reportedly reduced lysosomal lipid accumulation in Niemann-Pick disease type C as well as enzyme replacement therapy with ASM. We found that α-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, and ASM reduced sphingomyelin accumulation and enlarged lysosomes in NPA neural stem cells. Therefore, the NPA neural stem cells possess the characteristic NPA disease phenotype that can be ameliorated by tocopherols, cyclodextrin, and ASM. Our results demonstrate the efficacies of cyclodextrin and tocopherols in the NPA cell-based model. Our data also indicate that the NPA neural stem cells can be used as a new cell-based disease model for further study of disease pathophysiology and for high-throughput screening to identify new lead compounds for drug development. Significance Currently, there is no effective treatment for Niemann-Pick disease type A (NPA). To accelerate drug discovery for treatment of NPA, NPA-induced pluripotent stem cells were generated from patient dermal fibroblasts and differentiated into neural stem cells. By using the differentiated NPA neuronal cells as a cell-based disease model system, α-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin significantly reduced sphingomyelin accumulation in these NPA neuronal cells. Therefore, this cell-based NPA model can be used for further study of disease pathophysiology and for high-throughput screening of compound libraries to identify lead compounds for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Long
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Li
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sheng Dai
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jeanette Beers
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Guokai Chen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Ferri Soheilian
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Ulrich Baxa
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Mengqiao Wang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Juan J Marugan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Silvia Muro
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Roscoe Brady
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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8
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Grover JR, Llewellyn GN, Soheilian F, Nagashima K, Veatch SL, Ono A. Roles played by capsid-dependent induction of membrane curvature and Gag-ESCRT interactions in tetherin recruitment to HIV-1 assembly sites. J Virol 2013; 87:4650-64. [PMID: 23408603 PMCID: PMC3624355 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03526-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetherin/BST-2 (here called tetherin) is an antiviral protein that restricts release of diverse enveloped viruses from infected cells through physically tethering virus envelope and host plasma membrane. For HIV-1, specific recruitment of tetherin to assembly sites has been observed as its colocalization with the viral structural protein Gag or its accumulation in virus particles. Because of its broad range of targets, we hypothesized that tetherin is recruited through conserved features shared among various enveloped viruses, such as lipid raft association, membrane curvature, or ESCRT dependence. We observed that reduction of cellular cholesterol does not block tetherin anti-HIV-1 function, excluding an essential role for lipid rafts. In contrast, mutations in the capsid domain of Gag, which inhibit induction of membrane curvature, prevented tetherin-Gag colocalization detectable by confocal microscopy. Disruption of Gag-ESCRT interactions also inhibited tetherin-Gag colocalization when disruption was accomplished via amino acid substitutions in late domain motifs, expression of a dominant-negative Tsg101 derivative, or small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of Tsg101 or Alix. However, further analyses of these conditions by quantitative superresolution localization microscopy revealed that Gag-tetherin coclustering is significantly reduced but persists at intermediate levels. Notably, this residual tetherin recruitment was still sufficient for the full restriction of HIV-1 release. Unlike the late domain mutants, the capsid mutants defective in inducing membrane curvature showed little or no coclustering with tetherin in superresolution analyses. These results support a model in which both Gag-induced membrane curvature and Gag-ESCRT interactions promote tetherin recruitment, but the recruitment level achieved by the former is sufficient for full restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G. Nicholas Llewellyn
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ferri Soheilian
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Kunio Nagashima
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah L. Veatch
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Akira Ono
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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9
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Nikolaitchik OA, Dilley KA, Fu W, Gorelick RJ, Tai SHS, Soheilian F, Ptak RG, Nagashima K, Pathak VK, Hu WS. Dimeric RNA recognition regulates HIV-1 genome packaging. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003249. [PMID: 23555259 PMCID: PMC3605237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
How retroviruses regulate the amount of RNA genome packaged into each virion has remained a long-standing question. Our previous study showed that most HIV-1 particles contain two copies of viral RNA, indicating that the number of genomes packaged is tightly regulated. In this report, we examine the mechanism that controls the number of RNA genomes encapsidated into HIV-1 particles. We hypothesize that HIV-1 regulates genome packaging by either the mass or copy number of the viral RNA. These two distinct mechanisms predict different outcomes when the genome size deviates significantly from that of wild type. Regulation by RNA mass would result in multiple copies of a small genome or one copy of a large genome being packaged, whereas regulation by copy number would result in two copies of a genome being packaged independent of size. To distinguish between these two hypotheses, we examined the packaging of viral RNA that was larger (≈17 kb) or smaller (≈3 kb) than that of wild-type HIV-1 (≈9 kb) and found that most particles packaged two copies of the viral genome regardless of whether they were 17 kb or 3 kb. Therefore, HIV-1 regulates RNA genome encapsidation not by the mass of RNA but by packaging two copies of RNA. To further explore the mechanism that governs this regulation, we examined the packaging of viral RNAs containing two packaging signals that can form intermolecular dimers or intramolecular dimers (self-dimers) and found that one self-dimer is packaged. Therefore, HIV-1 recognizes one dimeric RNA instead of two copies of RNA. Our findings reveal that dimeric RNA recognition is the key mechanism that regulates HIV-1 genome encapsidation and provide insights into a critical step in the generation of infectious viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Nikolaitchik
- HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kari A. Dilley
- HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William Fu
- Southern Research Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Gorelick
- AIDS and Cancer Virology Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - S.-H. Sheldon Tai
- HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ferri Soheilian
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, SAIC-Frederick Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Roger G. Ptak
- Southern Research Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kunio Nagashima
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, SAIC-Frederick Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vinay K. Pathak
- HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wei-Shau Hu
- HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Waki K, Durell SR, Soheilian F, Nagashima K, Butler SL, Freed EO. Structural and functional insights into the HIV-1 maturation inhibitor binding pocket. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002997. [PMID: 23144615 PMCID: PMC3493477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Processing of the Gag precursor protein by the viral protease during particle release triggers virion maturation, an essential step in the virus replication cycle. The first-in-class HIV-1 maturation inhibitor dimethylsuccinyl betulinic acid [PA-457 or bevirimat (BVM)] blocks HIV-1 maturation by inhibiting the cleavage of the capsid-spacer peptide 1 (CA-SP1) intermediate to mature CA. A structurally distinct molecule, PF-46396, was recently reported to have a similar mode of action to that of BVM. Because of the structural dissimilarity between BVM and PF-46396, we hypothesized that the two compounds might interact differentially with the putative maturation inhibitor-binding pocket in Gag. To test this hypothesis, PF-46396 resistance was selected for in vitro. Resistance mutations were identified in three regions of Gag: around the CA-SP1 cleavage site where BVM resistance maps, at CA amino acid 201, and in the CA major homology region (MHR). The MHR mutants are profoundly PF-46396-dependent in Gag assembly and release and virus replication. The severe defect exhibited by the inhibitor-dependent MHR mutants in the absence of the compound is also corrected by a second-site compensatory change far downstream in SP1, suggesting structural and functional cross-talk between the HIV-1 CA MHR and SP1. When PF-46396 and BVM were both present in infected cells they exhibited mutually antagonistic behavior. Together, these results identify Gag residues that line the maturation inhibitor-binding pocket and suggest that BVM and PF-46396 interact differentially with this putative pocket. These findings provide novel insights into the structure-function relationship between the CA MHR and SP1, two domains of Gag that are critical to both assembly and maturation. The highly conserved nature of the MHR across all orthoretroviridae suggests that these findings will be broadly relevant to retroviral assembly. Finally, the results presented here provide a framework for increased structural understanding of HIV-1 maturation inhibitor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoko Waki
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stewart R. Durell
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ferri Soheilian
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kunio Nagashima
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Scott L. Butler
- Antiviral Biology, Pfizer Global Research & Development, Sandwich Laboratories, Sandwich, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Eric O. Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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O'Carroll IP, Soheilian F, Kamata A, Nagashima K, Rein A. Elements in HIV-1 Gag contributing to virus particle assembly. Virus Res 2012; 171:341-5. [PMID: 23099087 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The Gag polyprotein is the building block of retroviral particles and its expression is sufficient for assembly in cells. In HIV-1, nucleic acid (NA) is required for recombinant Gag molecules to assemble in a defined system in vitro. Experiments performed by Barklis and co-workers suggested that NA contributes to assembly by promoting Gag oligomerization. Gag is composed of four main domains: the matrix (MA), capsid (CA), nucleocapsid (NC), and p6 domains. We have recently shown that the SP1 linker, which lies between the CA and NC domains, assumes a helical structure at high, but not low, concentrations. We suggested that Gag oligomerization mediates assembly via an SP1-dependent conformational switch that exposes new interfaces for assembly. Although NA is required for assembly in vitro, deletion of NC, the main RNA-binding domain, does not eliminate particle formation in vivo; these particles lack NA. We hypothesized that alternative pathways that lead to Gag oligomerization or an increase in local Gag concentration, namely Gag-membrane or inter-protein interactions, rescue assembly in the absence of NC-RNA binding. We constructed mutants in which either Gag-membrane binding, the Gag dimer interface, or NC-RNA binding are disrupted. None of these mutants disables assembly. However, combined mutations in any two of these three classes render Gag completely unable to form virus-like particles. Thus, it seems, Gag utilizes at least three types of interactions to form oligomers and any two out of the three are sufficient for assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina P O'Carroll
- HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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12
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Jiang J, Ablan S, Derebail S, Hercík K, Soheilian F, Thomas JA, Tang S, Hewlett I, Nagashima K, Gorelick RJ, Freed EO, Levin JG. The interdomain linker region of HIV-1 capsid protein is a critical determinant of proper core assembly and stability. Virology 2011; 421:253-65. [PMID: 22036671 PMCID: PMC3573886 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The HIV-1 capsid protein consists of two independently folded domains connected by a flexible peptide linker (residues 146-150), the function of which remains to be defined. To investigate the role of this region in virus replication, we made alanine or leucine substitutions in each linker residue and two flanking residues. Three classes of mutants were identified: (i) S146A and T148A behave like wild type (WT); (ii) Y145A, I150A, and L151A are noninfectious, assemble unstable cores with aberrant morphology, and synthesize almost no viral DNA; and (iii) P147L and S149A display a poorly infectious, attenuated phenotype. Infectivity of P147L and S149A is rescued specifically by pseudotyping with vesicular stomatitis virus envelope glycoprotein. Moreover, despite having unstable cores, these mutants assemble WT-like structures and synthesize viral DNA, although less efficiently than WT. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the linker region is essential for proper assembly and stability of cores and efficient replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyang Jiang
- Section on Viral Gene Regulation, Program in Genomics of Differentiation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 6B, Room 216, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-2780, USA
| | - Sherimay Ablan
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Suchitra Derebail
- Section on Viral Gene Regulation, Program in Genomics of Differentiation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 6B, Room 216, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-2780, USA
| | - Kamil Hercík
- Section on Viral Gene Regulation, Program in Genomics of Differentiation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 6B, Room 216, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-2780, USA
| | - Ferri Soheilian
- Image Analysis Laboratory, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - James A. Thomas
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Shixing Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Indira Hewlett
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kunio Nagashima
- Image Analysis Laboratory, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Robert J. Gorelick
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Eric O. Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Judith G. Levin
- Section on Viral Gene Regulation, Program in Genomics of Differentiation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 6B, Room 216, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-2780, USA
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13
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Dorjbal B, Derse D, Lloyd P, Soheilian F, Nagashima K, Heidecker G. The role of ITCH protein in human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 release. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:31092-104. [PMID: 21724848 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.259945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) has two late domain (LD) motifs, PPPY and PTAP, which are important for viral budding. Mutations in the PPPY motif are more deleterious for viral release than changes in the PTAP motif. Several reports have shown that the interaction of PPPY with the WW domains of a Nedd4 (neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated-4) family ubiquitin ligase (UL) is a critical event in virus release. We tested nine members of the Nedd4 family ULs and found that ITCH is the main contributor to HTLV-1 budding. ITCH overexpression strongly inhibited release and infectivity of wild-type (wt) HTLV-1, but rescued the release of infectious virions with certain mutations in the PPPY motif. Electron microscopy showed either fewer or misshapen virus particles when wt HTLV-1 was produced in the presence of overexpressed ITCH, whereas mutants with changes in the PPPY motif yielded normal looking particles at wt level. The other ULs had significantly weaker or no effects on HTLV-1 release and infectivity except for SMURF-1, which caused enhanced release of wt and all PPPY(-) mutant particles. These particles were poorly infectious and showed abnormal morphology by electron microscopy. Budding and infectivity defects due to overexpression of ITCH and SMURF-1 were correlated with higher than normal ubiquitination of Gag. Only silencing of ITCH, but not of WWP1, WWP2, and Nedd4, resulted in a reduction of HTLV-1 budding from 293T cells. The binding efficiencies between the HTLV-1 LD and WW domains of different ULs as measured by mammalian two-hybrid interaction did not correlate with the strength of their effect on HTLV-1 budding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batsukh Dorjbal
- HIV-Drug Resistance Program, NCI Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
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14
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Checkley MA, Luttge BG, Soheilian F, Nagashima K, Freed EO. The capsid-spacer peptide 1 Gag processing intermediate is a dominant-negative inhibitor of HIV-1 maturation. Virology 2010; 400:137-44. [PMID: 20172577 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Revised: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) maturation inhibitor bevirimat disrupts virus replication by inhibiting the cleavage of the capsid-spacer peptide 1 (CA-SP1) Gag processing intermediate to mature CA. The observation that bevirimat delays but does not completely block CA-SP1 processing suggests that the presence of uncleaved CA-SP1 may disrupt the maturation process in trans. In this study, we validate this hypothesis by using a genetic approach to demonstrate that a non-cleavable CA-SP1 mutant exerts a dominant-negative effect on maturation of wild-type HIV-1. In contrast, a mutant in which cleavage can occur internally within SP1 is significantly less potent as a dominant-negative inhibitor. We also show that bevirimat blocks processing at both the major CA-SP1 cleavage site and the internal site. These data underscore the importance of full CA-SP1 processing for HIV-1 maturation and highlight the therapeutic potential of inhibitors that target this Gag cleavage event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Checkley
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Bldg. 535/Rm 108, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
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15
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Fujii K, Munshi UM, Ablan SD, Demirov DG, Soheilian F, Nagashima K, Stephen AG, Fisher RJ, Freed EO. Functional role of Alix in HIV-1 replication. Virology 2009; 391:284-92. [PMID: 19596386 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Revised: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Retroviral Gag proteins encode small peptide motifs known as late domains that promote the release of virions from infected cells by interacting directly with host cell factors. Three types of retroviral late domains, with core sequences P(T/S)AP, YPX(n)L, and PPPY, have been identified. HIV-1 encodes a primary P(T/S)AP-type late domain and an apparently secondary late domain sequence of the YPX(n)L type. The P(T/S)AP and YPX(n)L motifs interact with the endosomal sorting factors Tsg101 and Alix, respectively. Although biochemical and structural studies support a direct binding between HIV-1 p6 and Alix, the physiological role of Alix in HIV-1 biology remains undefined. To elucidate the function of the p6-Alix interaction in HIV-1 replication, we introduced a series of mutations in the p6 Alix binding site and evaluated the effects on virus particle production and virus replication in a range of cell types, including physiologically relevant primary T cells and macrophages. We also examined the effects of the Alix binding site mutations on virion morphogenesis and single-cycle virus infectivity. We determined that the p6-Alix interaction plays an important role in HIV-1 replication and observed a particularly severe impact of Alix binding site mutations when they were combined with mutational inactivation of the Tsg101 binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Fujii
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21701-1201, USA
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16
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Moore MD, Fu W, Soheilian F, Nagashima K, Ptak RG, Pathak VK, Hu WS. Suboptimal inhibition of protease activity in human immunodeficiency virus type 1: effects on virion morphogenesis and RNA maturation. Virology 2008; 379:152-60. [PMID: 18657842 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2008] [Revised: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Protease activity within nascently released human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) particles is responsible for the cleavage of the viral polyproteins Gag and Gag-Pol into their constituent parts, which results in the subsequent condensation of the mature conical core surrounding the viral genomic RNA. Concomitant with viral maturation is a conformational change in the packaged viral RNA from a loosely associated dimer into a more thermodynamically stable form. In this study we used suboptimal concentrations of two protease inhibitors, lopinavir and atazanavir, to study their effects on Gag polyprotein processing and on the properties of the RNA in treated virions. Analysis of the treated virions demonstrated that even with high levels of inhibition of viral infectivity (IC(90)), most of the Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins were processed, although slight but significant increases in processing intermediates of Gag were detected. Drug treatments also caused a significant increase in the proportion of viruses displaying either immature or aberrant mature morphologies. The aberrant mature particles were characterized by an electron-dense region at the viral periphery and an electron-lucent core structure in the viral center, possibly indicating exclusion of the genomic RNA from these viral cores. Intriguingly, drug treatments caused only a slight decrease in overall thermodynamic stability of the viral RNA dimer, suggesting that the dimeric viral RNA was able to mature in the absence of correct core condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Moore
- HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, P.O. Box B, Building 535, Room 336, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
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17
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Saad JS, Ablan SD, Ghanam RH, Kim A, Andrews K, Nagashima K, Soheilian F, Freed EO, Summers MF. Structure of the myristylated human immunodeficiency virus type 2 matrix protein and the role of phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-bisphosphate in membrane targeting. J Mol Biol 2008; 382:434-47. [PMID: 18657545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 07/10/2008] [Accepted: 07/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
During the late phase of retroviral replication, newly synthesized Gag proteins are targeted to the plasma membrane (PM), where they assemble and bud to form immature virus particles. Membrane targeting by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag is mediated by the PM marker molecule phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P(2)], which is capable of binding to the matrix (MA) domain of Gag in an extended lipid conformation and of triggering myristate exposure. Here, we show that, as observed previously for HIV-1 MA, the myristyl group of HIV-2 MA is partially sequestered within a narrow hydrophobic tunnel formed by side chains of helices 1, 2, 3, and 5. However, the myristate of HIV-2 MA is more tightly sequestered than that of the HIV-1 protein and does not exhibit concentration-dependent exposure. Soluble PI(4,5)P(2) analogs containing truncated acyl chains bind HIV-2 MA and induce minor long-range structural changes but do not trigger myristate exposure. Despite these differences, the site of HIV-2 assembly in vivo can be manipulated by enzymes that regulate PI(4,5)P(2) localization. Our findings indicate that HIV-1 and HIV-2 are both targeted to the PM for assembly via a PI(4,5)P(2)-dependent mechanism, despite differences in the sensitivity of the MA myristyl switch, and suggest a potential mechanism that may contribute to the poor replication kinetics of HIV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil S Saad
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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18
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Gousset K, Ablan SD, Coren LV, Ono A, Soheilian F, Nagashima K, Ott DE, Freed EO. Real-time visualization of HIV-1 GAG trafficking in infected macrophages. PLoS Pathog 2008; 4:e1000015. [PMID: 18369466 PMCID: PMC2267008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 particle production is driven by the Gag precursor protein Pr55(Gag). Despite significant progress in defining both the viral and cellular determinants of HIV-1 assembly and release, the trafficking pathway used by Gag to reach its site of assembly in the infected cell remains to be elucidated. The Gag trafficking itinerary in primary monocyte-derived macrophages is especially poorly understood. To define the site of assembly and characterize the Gag trafficking pathway in this physiologically relevant cell type, we have made use of the biarsenical-tetracysteine system. A small tetracysteine tag was introduced near the C-terminus of the matrix domain of Gag. The insertion of the tag at this position did not interfere with Gag trafficking, virus assembly or release, particle infectivity, or the kinetics of virus replication. By using this in vivo detection system to visualize Gag trafficking in living macrophages, Gag was observed to accumulate both at the plasma membrane and in an apparently internal compartment that bears markers characteristic of late endosomes or multivesicular bodies. Significantly, the internal Gag rapidly translocated to the junction between the infected macrophages and uninfected T cells following macrophage/T-cell synapse formation. These data indicate that a population of Gag in infected macrophages remains sequestered internally and is presented to uninfected target cells at a virological synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Gousset
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sherimay D. Ablan
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lori V. Coren
- AIDS Vaccine Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Akira Ono
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ferri Soheilian
- Image Analysis Laboratory, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kunio Nagashima
- Image Analysis Laboratory, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David E. Ott
- AIDS Vaccine Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eric O. Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
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19
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Heidecker G, Lloyd PA, Soheilian F, Nagashima K, Derse D. The role of WWP1-Gag interaction and Gag ubiquitination in assembly and release of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1. J Virol 2007; 81:9769-77. [PMID: 17609263 PMCID: PMC2045422 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00642-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The PPPY motif in the matrix (MA) domain of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Gag associates with WWP1, a member of the HECT domain containing family of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Mutation of the PPPY motif arrests particle assembly at an early stage and abolishes ubiquitination of MA. Similar effects are seen when Gag is expressed in the presence of a truncated form of WWP1 that lacks the catalytically active HECT domain (C2WW). To understand the role of ubiquitination in budding, we mutated the four lysines in MA to arginines and identified lysine 74 as the unique site of ubiquitination. Virus-like particles produced by the K74R mutant did not contain ubiquitinated MA and showed a fourfold reduction in the release of infectious particles. Furthermore, the K74R mutation rendered assembly hypersensitive to C2WW inhibition; K74R Gag budding was inhibited at significantly lower levels of expression of C2WW compared with wild-type Gag. This finding indicates that the interaction between Gag and WWP1 is required for functions other than Gag ubiquitination. Additionally, we show that the PPPY(-) mutant Gag exerts a strong dominant-negative effect on the budding of wild-type Gag, further supporting the importance of recruitment of WWP1 to achieve particle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Heidecker
- National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.
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20
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Kulkarni SS, Soheilian F, Crist RM, Nagashima K, Rein A. ROLE OF CHARGED RESIDUES IN NTD‐CAPSID OF GAG PROTEIN IN IMMATURE ASSEMBLY OF HIV‐1 VIRUS. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.6.lb23-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa S Kulkarni
- HIV Drug Resistance ProgramNational Cancer InstituteNCI‐FrederickFrederickMD21702‐1201
| | - Ferri Soheilian
- SAIC‐Frederick IncSAIC‐Frederick, Inc.NCI‐FrederickFrederickMD21702
| | - Rachael M Crist
- HIV Drug Resistance ProgramNational Cancer InstituteNCI‐FrederickFrederickMD21702‐1201
| | - Kunio Nagashima
- SAIC‐Frederick IncSAIC‐Frederick, Inc.NCI‐FrederickFrederickMD21702
| | - Alan Rein
- HIV Drug Resistance ProgramNational Cancer InstituteNCI‐FrederickFrederickMD21702‐1201
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Adamson CS, Ablan SD, Boeras I, Goila-Gaur R, Soheilian F, Nagashima K, Li F, Salzwedel K, Sakalian M, Wild CT, Freed EO. In vitro resistance to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 maturation inhibitor PA-457 (Bevirimat). J Virol 2006; 80:10957-71. [PMID: 16956950 PMCID: PMC1642185 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01369-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
3-O-(3',3'-dimethylsuccinyl)betulinic acid (PA-457 or bevirimat) potently inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) maturation by blocking a late step in the Gag processing pathway, specifically the cleavage of SP1 from the C terminus of capsid (CA). To gain insights into the mechanism(s) by which HIV-1 could evolve resistance to PA-457 and to evaluate the likelihood of such resistance arising in PA-457-treated patients, we sought to identify and characterize a broad spectrum of HIV-1 variants capable of conferring resistance to this compound. Numerous independent rounds of selection repeatedly identified six single-amino-acid substitutions that independently confer PA-457 resistance: three at or near the C terminus of CA (CA-H226Y, -L231F, and -L231M) and three at the first and third residues of SP1 (SP1-A1V, -A3T, and -A3V). We determined that mutations CA-H226Y, CA-L231F, CA-L231M, and SP1-A1V do not impose a significant replication defect on HIV-1 in culture. In contrast, mutations SP1-A3V and -A3T severely impaired virus replication and inhibited virion core condensation. The replication defect imposed by SP1-A3V was reversed by a second-site compensatory mutation in CA (CA-G225S). Intriguingly, high concentrations of PA-457 enhanced the maturation of SP1 residue 3 mutants. The different phenotypes associated with mutations that confer PA-457 resistance suggest the existence of multiple mechanisms by which HIV-1 can evolve resistance to this maturation inhibitor. These findings have implications for the ongoing development of PA-457 to treat HIV-1 infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S Adamson
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, NCI-Frederick, Bldg. 535/Rm. 108, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
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