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Ferrat M, Moein MM, Cananau C, Tegnebratt T, Saliba P, Norman F, Steiger C, Bratteby K, Samén E, Dahl K, Tran TA. GMP production of [ 18F]FE-PE2I on a TRACERLab FX2 N synthesis module, a radiotracer for in vivo PET imaging of the dopamine transport. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:35. [PMID: 38696063 PMCID: PMC11065837 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00269-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by a degeneration of the dopaminergic system. Dopamine transporter (DAT) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has emerged as a powerful and non-invasive method to quantify dopaminergic function in the living brain. The PET radioligand, [18F]FE-PE2I, a cocaine chemical derivative, has shown promising properties for in vivo PET imaging of DAT, including high affinity and selectivity for DAT, excellent brain permeability, and favorable metabolism. The aim of the current study was to scale up the production of [18F]FE-PE2I to fulfil the increasing clinical demand for this tracer. RESULTS Thus, a fully automated and GMP-compliant production procedure has been developed using a commercially available radiosynthesis module GE TRACERLab FX2 N. [18F]FE-PE2I was produced with a radiochemical yield of 39 ± 8% (n = 4, relative [18F]F- delivered to the module). The synthesis time was 70 min, and the molar activity was 925.3 ± 763 GBq/µmol (250 ± 20 Ci/µmol). The produced [18F]FE-PE2I was stable over 6 h at room temperature. CONCLUSION The protocol reliably provides a sterile and pyrogen-free GMP-compliant product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélodie Ferrat
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mohammad M Moein
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carmen Cananau
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tetyana Tegnebratt
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Saliba
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Norman
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carsten Steiger
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klas Bratteby
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Samén
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Dahl
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thuy A Tran
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Ozolmez N, Silindir-Gunay M, Volkan-Salanci B. An overview: Radiotracers and nano-radiopharmaceuticals for diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 203:111110. [PMID: 37989065 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a widespread progressive neurodegenerative disease. Clinical diagnosis approaches are insufficient to provide an early and accurate diagnosis before a substantial of loss of dopaminergic neurons. PET and SPECT can be used for accurate and early diagnosis of PD by using target-specific radiotracers. Additionally, the importance of BBB penetrating targeted nanosystems has increased in recent years. This article reviews targeted radiopharmaceuticals used in clinics and novel nanocarriers for research purposes of PD imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Ozolmez
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mine Silindir-Gunay
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Bilge Volkan-Salanci
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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Schou M, Amini N, Takano A, Arakawa R, Dahl K, Toth M, Svedberg M, Varrone A, Halldin C. Microsome Mediated in Vitro Metabolism: A Convenient Method for the Preparation of the PET Radioligand Metabolite [ 18F]FE-PE2I-OH for Translational Dopamine Transporter Imaging. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3732-3736. [PMID: 37753876 PMCID: PMC10587862 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Undesired radiometabolites can be detrimental to the development of positron emission tomography (PET) radioligands. Methods for quantifying radioligand metabolites in brain tissue include ex vivo studies in small animals or labeling and imaging of the radiometabolite(s) of interest. The latter is a time- and resource-demanding process, which often includes multistep organic synthesis. We hypothesized that this process could be replaced by making use of liver microsomes, an in vitro system that mimics metabolism. In this study, rat liver microsomes were used to prepare radiometabolites of the dopamine transporter radioligand [18F]FE-PE2I for in vitro imaging using autoradiography and in vivo imaging using PET in rats and nonhuman primates. The primary investigated hydroxy-metabolite [18F]FE-PE2I-OH ([18F]2) was obtained in a 2% radiochemical yield and >99% radiochemical purity. In vitro and in vivo imaging demonstrated that [18F]2 readily crossed the blood-brain barrier and bound specifically and reversibly to the dopamine transporter. In conclusions, the current study demonstrates the potential of liver microsomes in the production of radiometabolites for translational imaging studies and radioligand discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Schou
- Department
of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- PET
Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nahid Amini
- Department
of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akihiro Takano
- Department
of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ryosuke Arakawa
- Department
of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Dahl
- Department
of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- PET
Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miklos Toth
- Department
of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Svedberg
- Department
of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department
of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department
of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Orlovskaya VV, Fedorova OS, Viktorov NB, Vaulina DD, Krasikova RN. One-Pot Radiosynthesis of [18F]Anle138b—5-(3-Bromophenyl)-3-(6-[18F]fluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-1H-pyrazole—A Potential PET Radiotracer Targeting α-Synuclein Aggregates. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062732. [PMID: 36985703 PMCID: PMC10052605 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Availability of PET imaging radiotracers targeting α-synuclein aggregates is important for early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease and related α-synucleinopathies, as well as for the development of new therapeutics. Derived from a pyrazole backbone, 11C-labelled derivatives of anle138b (3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-(3-bromophenyl)-1H-pyrazole)—an inhibitor of α-synuclein and prion protein oligomerization—are currently in active development as the candidates for PET imaging α-syn aggregates. This work outlines the synthesis of a radiotracer based on the original structure of anle138b, labelled with fluorine-18 isotope, eminently suitable for PET imaging due to half-life and decay energy characteristics (97% β+ decay, 109.7 min half-life, and 635 keV positron energy). A three-step radiosynthesis was developed starting from 6-[18F]fluoropiperonal (6-[18F]FP) that was prepared using (piperonyl)(phenyl)iodonium bromide as a labelling precursor. The obtained 6-[18F]FP was used directly in the condensation reaction with tosylhydrazide followed by 1,3-cycloaddition of the intermediate with 3′-bromophenylacetylene eliminating any midway without any intermediate purifications. This one-pot approach allowed the complete synthesis of [18F]anle138b within 105 min with RCY of 15 ± 3% (n = 3) and Am in the range of 32–78 GBq/µmol. The [18F]fluoride processing and synthesis were performed in a custom-built semi-automated module, but the method can be implemented in all the modern automated platforms. While there is definitely space for further optimization, the procedure developed is well suited for preclinical studies of this novel radiotracer in animal models and/or cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya V. Orlovskaya
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, Russian Academy of Science, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga S. Fedorova
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, Russian Academy of Science, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolai B. Viktorov
- St. Petersburg State Technological Institute, Technical University, 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria D. Vaulina
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, Russian Academy of Science, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Raisa N. Krasikova
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, Russian Academy of Science, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Kerstens VS, Fazio P, Sundgren M, Brumberg J, Halldin C, Svenningsson P, Varrone A. Longitudinal DAT changes measured with [ 18F]FE-PE2I PET in patients with Parkinson's disease; a validation study. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 37:103347. [PMID: 36822016 PMCID: PMC9978841 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopamine transporter (DAT) PET provides higher resolution than DAT SPECT and opportunity for integrated imaging with MRI. The radioligand [18F]FE-PE2I is highly selective for the DAT, and PET measurements with this radioligand have good reliability and repeatability in patients with non-advanced Parkinson's disease. OBJECTIVES To validate [18F]FE-PE2I PET as measurement tool of longitudinal DAT changes in patients with Parkinson's disease. METHODS Thirty-seven subjects with Parkinson's disease (Hoehn and Yahr stage < 3) were included in a longitudinal PET study with [18F]FE-PE2I. DAT availability (BPND) in the caudate nucleus, putamen, sensorimotor striatum, and substantia nigra, was estimated with parametric imaging using Logan graphical analysis and cerebellum as reference region. For comparison with DAT-SPECT literature, sample size calculations for disease intervention studies were made. RESULTS Baseline and follow-up PET data (interval: 2.3 ± 0.5 years) were available for 25 patients (9 females, 16 males). Median age was 64.7 years (range 46-76); symptom duration: 3 years (0.25-14); Hoehn and Yahr stage (H&Y): 1 (1-2). Annualized DAT decline and effect size were: -8.5 ± 6.6 % and 1.08 for caudate nucleus; -7.1 ± 6.1 % and 1.02 for putamen; -8.3 ± 8.5 % and 0.99 for sensorimotor striatum; -0.11 ± 9.3 % and 0.11 for substantia nigra. The estimated minimum sample size needed for a treatment trial using [18F]FE-PE2I PET as imaging marker is 2-3 times lower than is reported in literature on [123I]FP-CIT SPECT. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal [18F]FE-PE2I PET measurements in non-advanced PD demonstrate a striatal DAT decline consistent with previous SPECT and PET studies. No obvious changes of DAT availability were observed in the substantia nigra, indicating perhaps slower progression or compensatory changes. The effect sizes were numerically larger than reported in the literature for other DAT radioligands, suggesting that [18F]FE-PE2I might detect smaller DAT changes, and can be well used as progression marker in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Kerstens
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - P Fazio
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Sundgren
- Karolinska University Hospital, Neuro Department, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Brumberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Svenningsson
- Karolinska University Hospital, Neuro Department, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Jakobson Mo S, Axelsson J, Stiernman L, Riklund K. Validation of dynamic [ 18F]FE-PE2I PET for estimation of relative regional cerebral blood flow: a comparison with [ 15O]H 2O PET. EJNMMI Res 2022; 12:72. [PMID: 36394638 PMCID: PMC9672223 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-022-00941-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging is used in the diagnostic work-up in suspected parkinsonian syndromes and dementia with Lewy bodies but cannot differentiate between these syndromes, and an extra brain imaging examination of the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) or glucose metabolism is often needed for differential diagnosis. The requirement of two different imaging examinations is resource-consuming and inconvenient for the patients. Therefore, imaging of both cortical blood flow and DAT imaging with the same radiotracer would be more convenient and cost-effective. The aim of this study was to test whether relative regional cerebral blood flow (rCBFR) can be measured with the DAT-specific positron emission tomography (PET) tracer [18F]FE-PE2I (FE-PE2I), by validation with cerebral perfusion measured with [15O]H2O PET (H2O). METHODS The rCBFR was quantified by kinetic modeling for FE-PE2I (R1) and H2O (F). The R1 was calculated using the simplified reference tissue model, and F was calculated with a modified Koopman double-integration method. The linear relationship and intraclass correlation (ICC) between R1 and F were tested in image data derived from 29 patients with recent onset parkinsonism and 30 healthy controls. RESULTS There was a strong linear correlation across all subjects between R1 and F in the frontal, parietal, temporal, cingulate and occipital cortex as well as in the striatum (r ≥ 0.731-0.905, p < 0.001) with a good-to-excellent ICC, ranging from 0.727 to 0.943 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that FE-PE2I may be used as a proxy for cerebral perfusion, thus potentially serving as a radiotracer for assessment of both DAT availability and rCBFR in one single dynamic scan. This could be valuable in the differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes. TRIAL REGISTRATION EUDRA-CT 2015-003045-26. Registered 23 October 2015 https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=2015-003045-26.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Jakobson Mo
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. .,Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Jan Axelsson
- Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Stiernman
- Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Dept. of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Katrine Riklund
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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7
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Marner L, Korsholm K, Anderberg L, Lonsdale MN, Jensen MR, Brødsgaard E, Denholt CL, Gillings N, Law I, Friberg L. [ 18F]FE-PE2I PET is a feasible alternative to [ 123I]FP-CIT SPECT for dopamine transporter imaging in clinically uncertain parkinsonism. EJNMMI Res 2022; 12:56. [PMID: 36070114 PMCID: PMC9452620 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-022-00930-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging of striatum is clinically used in Parkinson's disease (PD) and neurodegenerative parkinsonian syndromes (PS) especially in the early disease stages. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the recently developed tracer for DAT imaging [18F]FE-PE2I PET/CT to the reference standard [123I]FP-CIT SPECT. METHODS Ninety-eight unselected patients referred for DAT imaging were included prospectively and consecutively and evaluated with [18F]FE-PE2I PET/CT and [123I]FP-CIT SPECT on two separate days. PET and SPECT scans were categorized independently by two blinded expert readers as either normal, vascular changes, or mixed. Semiquantitative values were obtained for each modality and compared regarding effect size using Glass' delta. RESULTS Fifty-six of the [123I]FP-CIT SPECT scans were considered abnormal (52 caused by PS, 4 by infarctions). Using [18F]FE-PE2I PET/CT, 95 of the 98 patients were categorized identically to SPECT as PS or non-PS with a sensitivity of 0.94 [0.84-0.99] and a specificity of 1.00 [0.92-1.00]. Inter-reader agreement for [18F]FE-PE2I PET with a kappa of 0.97 [0.89-1.00] was comparable to the agreement for [123I]FP-CIT SPECT of 0.96 [0.76-1.00]. Semiquantitative values for short 10-min reconstructions of [18F]FE-PE2I PET/CT were comparable to longer reconstructions. The effect size for putamen/caudate nucleus ratio was significantly increased using PET compared to SPECT. CONCLUSIONS The high correspondence of [18F]FE-PE2I PET compared to reference standard [123I]FP-CIT SPECT establishes [18F]FE-PE2I PET as a feasible PET tracer for clinical use with favourable scan logistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth Marner
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kirsten Korsholm
- grid.411702.10000 0000 9350 8874Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.475435.4Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse Anderberg
- grid.475435.4Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Markus N. Lonsdale
- grid.411702.10000 0000 9350 8874Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Radmer Jensen
- grid.411702.10000 0000 9350 8874Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Brødsgaard
- grid.411702.10000 0000 9350 8874Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte L. Denholt
- grid.475435.4Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nic Gillings
- grid.475435.4Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ian Law
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.475435.4Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Friberg
- grid.411702.10000 0000 9350 8874Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Virel A, Johansson J, Axelsson J, Ericsson M, Laterveer R, Ögren M, Orädd G, Jakobson Mo S, Af Bjerkén S. N-acetylcysteine decreases dopamine transporter availability in the non-lesioned striatum of the 6-OHDA hemiparkinsonian rat. Neurosci Lett 2021; 770:136420. [PMID: 34958912 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the beneficial effects of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the degenerated dopamine system. The short- and long-term regulatory mechanisms of NAC on the 6-OHDA hemiparkinsonian rat model were longitudinally investigated by performing positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using the specific dopamine transporter (DAT) radioligand [18F]FE-PE2I. The results demonstrate that after a unilateral dopamine insult NAC has a strong influence on the non-lesioned hemisphere by decreasing the levels of DAT in the striatum early after the lesion. We interpret this early and short-term decrease of DAT in the healthy striatum of NAC-treated animals as a beneficial compensatory effect induced by NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Virel
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology. Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Jarkko Johansson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Axelsson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Madelene Ericsson
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rutger Laterveer
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology. Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mattias Ögren
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Greger Orädd
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Susanna Jakobson Mo
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sara Af Bjerkén
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology. Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences. Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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9
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Bratteby K, Denholt CL, Lehel S, Petersen IN, Madsen J, Erlandsson M, Ohlsson T, Herth MM, Gillings N. Fully Automated GMP-Compliant Synthesis of [ 18F]FE-PE2I. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:601. [PMID: 34206688 PMCID: PMC8308591 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the struggle to understand and accurately diagnose Parkinson's disease, radiopharmaceuticals and medical imaging techniques have played a major role. By being able to image and quantify the dopamine transporter density, noninvasive diagnostic imaging has become the gold standard. In the shift from the first generation of SPECT tracers, the fluorine-18-labeled tracer [18F]FE-PE2I has emerged as the agent of choice for many physicians. However, implementing suitable synthesis for the production of [18F]FE-PE2I has proved more challenging than expected. Through a thorough analysis of the relevant factors affecting the final radiochemical yield, we were able to implement high-yielding fully automated GMP-compliant synthesis of [18F]FE-PE2I on a Synthera®+ platform. By reaching RCYs up to 62%, it allowed us to isolate 25 GBq of the formulated product, and an optimized formulation resulted in the shelf life of 6 h, satisfying the increased demand for this radiopharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klas Bratteby
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.B.); (M.M.H.)
- Department of Clinical Physiology Nuclear Medicine PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.L.D.); (S.L.); (I.N.P.); (J.M.)
- Department of Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Barngatan 3, 22242 Lund, Sweden; (M.E.); (T.O.)
| | - Charlotte Lund Denholt
- Department of Clinical Physiology Nuclear Medicine PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.L.D.); (S.L.); (I.N.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Szabolcs Lehel
- Department of Clinical Physiology Nuclear Medicine PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.L.D.); (S.L.); (I.N.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Ida Nymann Petersen
- Department of Clinical Physiology Nuclear Medicine PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.L.D.); (S.L.); (I.N.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Jacob Madsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology Nuclear Medicine PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.L.D.); (S.L.); (I.N.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Maria Erlandsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Barngatan 3, 22242 Lund, Sweden; (M.E.); (T.O.)
| | - Tomas Ohlsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Barngatan 3, 22242 Lund, Sweden; (M.E.); (T.O.)
| | - Matthias Manfred Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.B.); (M.M.H.)
- Department of Clinical Physiology Nuclear Medicine PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.L.D.); (S.L.); (I.N.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Nic Gillings
- Department of Clinical Physiology Nuclear Medicine PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.L.D.); (S.L.); (I.N.P.); (J.M.)
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10
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Ghosh KK, Padmanabhan P, Yang CT, Mishra S, Halldin C, Gulyás B. Dealing with PET radiometabolites. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:109. [PMID: 32997213 PMCID: PMC7770856 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00692-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Positron emission tomography (PET) offers the study of biochemical,
physiological, and pharmacological functions at a cellular and molecular level.
The performance of a PET study mostly depends on the used radiotracer of
interest. However, the development of a novel PET tracer is very difficult, as
it is required to fulfill a lot of important criteria. PET radiotracers usually
encounter different chemical modifications including redox reaction, hydrolysis,
decarboxylation, and various conjugation processes within living organisms. Due
to this biotransformation, different chemical entities are produced, and the
amount of the parent radiotracer is declined. Consequently, the signal measured
by the PET scanner indicates the entire amount of radioactivity deposited in the
tissue; however, it does not offer any indication about the chemical disposition
of the parent radiotracer itself. From a radiopharmaceutical perspective, it is
necessary to quantify the parent radiotracer’s fraction present in the tissue.
Hence, the identification of radiometabolites of the radiotracers is vital for
PET imaging. There are mainly two reasons for the chemical identification of PET
radiometabolites: firstly, to determine the amount of parent radiotracers in
plasma, and secondly, to rule out (if a radiometabolite enters the brain) or
correct any radiometabolite accumulation in peripheral tissue. Besides,
radiometabolite formations of the tracer might be of concern for the PET study,
as the radiometabolic products may display considerably contrasting distribution
patterns inside the body when compared with the radiotracer itself. Therefore,
necessary information is needed about these biochemical transformations to
understand the distribution of radioactivity throughout the body. Various
published review articles on PET radiometabolites mainly focus on the sample
preparation techniques and recently available technology to improve the
radiometabolite analysis process. This article essentially summarizes the
chemical and structural identity of the radiometabolites of various radiotracers
including [11C]PBB3,
[11C]flumazenil,
[18F]FEPE2I, [11C]PBR28,
[11C]MADAM, and
(+)[18F]flubatine. Besides, the importance of
radiometabolite analysis in PET imaging is also briefly summarized. Moreover,
this review also highlights how a slight chemical modification could reduce the
formation of radiometabolites, which could interfere with the results of PET
imaging. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kanta Ghosh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Parasuraman Padmanabhan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore.
| | - Chang-Tong Yang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Radiological Sciences Division, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Sachin Mishra
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Christer Halldin
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Balázs Gulyás
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore. .,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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Ribeiro MJ, Vercouillie J, Arlicot N, Tauber C, Gissot V, Mondon K, Barantin L, Cottier JP, Maia S, Deloye JB, Emond P, Guilloteau D. Usefulness of PET With [ 18F]LBT-999 for the Evaluation of Presynaptic Dopaminergic Neuronal Loss in a Clinical Environment. Front Neurol 2020; 11:754. [PMID: 32973645 PMCID: PMC7472558 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The density of the neuronal dopamine transporter (DAT) is directly correlated with the presynaptic dopaminergic system injury. In a first study, we evaluated the brain distribution and kinetics of [18F]LBT-999, a DAT PET radioligand, in a group of eight healthy subjects. Taking into account the results obtained in healthy volunteers, we wanted to evaluate whether the loss of presynaptic striatal dopaminergic fibers could be estimated, under routine clinical conditions, using [18F]LBT-999 and a short PET acquisition. Materials and methods: Six patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) were compared with eight controls. Eighty-nine minutes of dynamic PET following an intravenous injection of [18F]LBT-999 were acquired. Using regions of interest for striatal nuclei, substantia nigra (SN), cerebellum, and occipital cortex, defined over each T1 3D MRI, time–activity curves (TACs) were obtained. From TACs, binding potential (BPND) using the simplified reference tissue model and distribution volume ratios (DVRs) using Logan graphical analysis were calculated. Ratios obtained for a 10-min image, acquired between 30 and 40 min post-injection, were also calculated. Cerebellum activity was used as non-specific reference region. Results: In PD patients and as expected, striatal uptake was lower than in controls which is confirmed by BPND, DVR, and ratios calculated for both striatal nuclei and SN, significantly inferior in PD patients compared with controls (p < 0.001). Conclusions: PET with [18F]LBT-999 could be an alternative to assess dopaminergic presynaptic injury in a clinical environment using a single 10 min acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Joao Ribeiro
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,CHRU, Tours, France.,Inserm CIC 1415, CHRU, Tours, France
| | - Johnny Vercouillie
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,CHRU, Tours, France.,Inserm CIC 1415, CHRU, Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Arlicot
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,CHRU, Tours, France.,Inserm CIC 1415, CHRU, Tours, France
| | - Clovis Tauber
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Valérie Gissot
- CHRU, Tours, France.,Inserm CIC 1415, CHRU, Tours, France
| | | | - Laurent Barantin
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,CHRU, Tours, France
| | | | | | | | - Patrick Emond
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,CHRU, Tours, France
| | - Denis Guilloteau
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,CHRU, Tours, France.,Inserm CIC 1415, CHRU, Tours, France
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12
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Kerstens VS, Fazio P, Sundgren M, Matheson GJ, Franzén E, Halldin C, Cervenka S, Svenningsson P, Varrone A. Reliability of dopamine transporter PET measurements with [ 18F]FE-PE2I in patients with Parkinson's disease. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:95. [PMID: 32797307 PMCID: PMC7427674 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00676-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reliable quantification of dopamine transporter (DAT), a biomarker for Parkinson’s disease (PD), is essential for diagnostic purposes as well as for evaluation of potential disease-modifying treatment. Due to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and thus lower expected radioligand binding to DAT, higher measurement variability in PD patients might be expected than earlier reproducibility results in healthy controls. Therefore, we aimed to examine the test-retest properties of [18F]FE-PE2I-PET in PD patients. Methods Nine patients with PD (Hoehn and Yahr stage < 3) were included (men/women 6/3; mean age 65.2 ± 6.8 years). Each patient underwent two [18F]FE-PE2I-PET measurements within 7–28 days. The outcome measure was non-displaceable binding potential generated using wavelet-aided parametric imaging with cerebellum as reference region. We assessed test-retest performance using estimates of reliability and repeatability. Regions for primary analysis were caudate, putamen, ventral striatum, and substantia nigra. Exploratory analysis was performed for functional subdivisions of the striatum. We also compared the more vs. less affected side. Results [18F]FE-PE2I showed absolute variability estimates of 5.3–7.6% in striatal regions and 11% in substantia nigra and ICCs of 0.74–0.97 (median 0.91). The absolute variability for functional striatal subdivisions was 6.0–9.6% and ICCs of 0.76–0.91 (median 0.91). The less affected substantia nigra exhibited greater consistency than the more affected side. According to power calculations based on the current sample size, DAT changes of 5–11% in the striatum and 28% in the substantia nigra can be detected with a power of 0.8 (p < 0.0125). Conclusion DAT-PET measurements with [18F]FE-PE2I in PD patients showed good repeatability and reliability. The slightly lower reliability in the substantia nigra in patients may be explained by lower DAT density and smaller anatomical size. Power calculations suggest that [18F]FE-PE2I PET is a suitable marker for longitudinal DAT decline in PD. Trial registration EudraCT 2017-003327-29
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera S Kerstens
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Patrik Fazio
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Sundgren
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuro, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Neurology Department, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Granville J Matheson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erika Franzén
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Function Area Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Allied Health Professionals Function, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuro, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Neurology Department, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Moriya H, Tiger M, Tateno A, Sakayori T, Masuoka T, Kim W, Arakawa R, Okubo Y. Low dopamine transporter binding in the nucleus accumbens in geriatric patients with severe depression. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:424-430. [PMID: 32363761 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Dysfunction of dopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system is considered to be related to major depressive disorder (MDD). Especially, MDD in geriatric patients is characterized by anhedonia, which is assumed to be associated with reduced dopamine neurotransmission in the reward system. Dopamine transporter (DAT) is considered to reflect the function of the dopamine nerve system. However, previous DAT imaging studies using single photon emission computed tomography or positron emission tomography (PET) have shown inconsistent results. The radioligand [18 F]FE-PE2I for PET enables more precise evaluation of DAT availability. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the DAT availability in geriatric patients with MDD using [18 F]FE-PE2I. METHODS Eleven geriatric patients with severe MDD and 27 healthy controls underwent PET with [18 F]FE-PE2I, which has high affinity and selectivity for DAT. Binding potentials (BPND ) in the striatum (caudate and putamen), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and substantia nigra were calculated. BPND values were compared between MDD patients and healthy controls. RESULTS MDD patients showed significantly lower DAT BPND in the NAc (P = 0.009), and there was a trend of lower BPND in the putamen (P = 0.032) compared to controls. CONCLUSION We found low DAT in the NAc and putamen in geriatric patients with severe MDD, which could be related to dysregulation of the reward system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Moriya
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikael Tiger
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amane Tateno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakayori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Masuoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - WooChan Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Arakawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Okubo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Park HS, Song YS, Moon BS, Yoo SE, Lee JM, Chung YT, Kim E, Lee BC, Kim SE. Neurorestorative Effects of a Novel Fas-Associated Factor 1 Inhibitor in the MPTP Model: An [ 18F]FE-PE2I Positron Emission Tomography Analysis Study. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:953. [PMID: 32676027 PMCID: PMC7333457 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fas-associated factor 1 (FAF1), a Fas-binding protein, is implicated in neuronal cell death in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We examined the effects of a novel FAF1 inhibitor, KM-819, in dopaminergic neurons in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model using [18F]FE-PE2I positron emission tomography (PET). The MPTP model was generated with subacute MPTP treatment (20 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 5 consecutive days in C57bl/6J mice. This study included three groups: the control group (treatment with saline only), the MPTP model group with KM-819 treatment (20 mg/kg/day p.o.) for 6 days, and the MPTP model group without KM-819 treatment. [18F]FE-PE2I PET studies were conducted in the same animals before and after MPTP with or without KM-819 treatment to monitor changes in striatal dopamine transporter activity indicated by non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) of [18F]FE-PE2I, and the expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase were assessed using immunohistochemistry before and after KM-819 treatment. After MPTP injection, decreased striatal BPND was observed in the MPTP model group compared with the control group. Striatal BPND increased in the MPTP model group with KM-819 treatment, but not in the MPTP model group without KM-819 treatment. The tyrosine hydroxylase expression levels also significantly increased in the MPTP model group with KM-819 treatment compared with the control group. This study indicates that inhibition of the Fas-mediated cell death pathway by KM-819 has neurorestorative effects in striatal dopamine neurons in the MPTP model. Further studies would be needed to investigate the potential of KM-819 as a therapeutic drug for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Soo Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea.,Department of Transdisciplinary Studies Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoo Sung Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Byung Seok Moon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Eunhee Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea.,Department of Transdisciplinary Studies Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sang Eun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea.,Department of Transdisciplinary Studies Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, South Korea
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15
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Moein MM, Halldin C. Sample preparation techniques for protein binding measurement in radiopharmaceutical approaches: A short review. Talanta 2020; 219:121220. [PMID: 32887121 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Plasma protein binding (PPB) measurement is a key step in radiopharmaceutical studies for the development of positron emission tomography (PET) radioligands. PPB refers to the binding degree of a radioligand, radiotracer, or drug to blood plasma proteins or tissues after administration into the body. Several techniques have been successfully developed and applied for PPB measurement of PET radioligands. However, there is room for progress among these techniques in relation to duration time, adaptability with nonpolar radioligands, in vivo measurement, specificity, and selectivity. This mini review gives a brief overview of advances, limitations, and prospective applications of commercially-available PPB methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Moein
- Karolinska Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, S-171 64 Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology-Pathology, J5:20, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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The rate of dasotraline brain entry is slow following intravenous administration. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:3435-3446. [PMID: 32813030 PMCID: PMC7651685 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Drugs that rapidly increase dopamine levels have an increased risk of abuse. Dasotraline (DAS) is a dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor characterized by slow oral absorption with low potential for abuse. However, it remains unclear whether intravenous (i.v.) administration would facilitate the rapid elevation of dopamine levels associated with stimulant drugs. OBJECTIVE To assess the kinetics of DAS across the blood-brain barrier and time to onset of dopamine transporters (DAT) inhibition. METHODS We compared the onset of DAT occupancy and the associated elevation of synaptic dopamine levels in rhesus monkey following i.v. administration of DAS or methylphenidate (MPH) using positron emission tomography (PET). Brain entry times were estimated by reductions in [18F]-FE-PE2I binding to DAT in rhesus monkeys. Elevations of synaptic dopamine were estimated by reductions in [11C]-Raclopride binding to D2 receptors. RESULTS Intravenous administration of DAS (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg) resulted in striatal DAT occupancies of 54% and 68%, respectively; i.v. administered MPH (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg) achieved occupancies of 69% and 88% respectively. Brain entry times of DAS (22 and 15 min, respectively) were longer than for MPH (3 and 2 min). Elevations in synaptic dopamine were similar for both DAS and MPH however the time for half-maximal displacement by MPH (t = 23 min) was 4-fold more rapid than for DAS (t = 88 min). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the pharmacodynamics effects of DAS on DAT occupancy and synaptic dopamine levels are more gradual in onset than those of MPH even with i.v. administration that is favored by recreational drug abusers.
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17
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The Effect of Sertoli Cells on Xenotransplantation and Allotransplantation of Ventral Mesencephalic Tissue in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111420. [PMID: 31718058 PMCID: PMC6912403 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra-striatal transplantation of fetal ventral mesencephalic (VM) tissue has a therapeutic effect on patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Sertoli cells (SCs) possess immune-modulatory properties that benefit transplantation. We hypothesized that co-graft of SCs with VM tissue can attenuate rejection. Hemi-parkinsonian rats were generated by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine into the right medial forebrain bundle of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The rats were then intrastriatally transplanted with VM tissue from rats or pigs (rVM or pVM), with/without a co-graft of SCs (rVM+SCs or pVM+SCs). Recovery of dopaminergic function and survival of the grafts were evaluated using the apomorphine-induced rotation test and small animal-positron emission tomography (PET) coupled with [18F] DOPA or [18F] FE-PE2I, respectively. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) examination was used to determine the survival of the grafted dopaminergic neurons in the striatum and to investigate immune-modulatory effects of SCs. The results showed that the rVM+SCs and pVM+SCs groups had significantly improved drug-induced rotational behavior compared with the VM alone groups. PET revealed a significant increase in specific uptake ratios (SURs) of [18F] DOPA and [18F] FE-PE2I in the grafted striatum of the rVM+SCs and pVM+SCs groups as compared to that of the rVM and pVM groups. SC and VM tissue co-graft led to better dopaminergic (DA) cell survival. The co-grafted groups exhibited lower populations of T-cells and activated microglia compared to the groups without SCs. Our results suggest that co-graft of SCs benefit both xeno- and allo-transplantation of VM tissue in a PD rat model. Use of SCs enhanced the survival of the grafted dopaminergic neurons and improved functional recovery. The enhancement may in part be attributable to the immune-modulatory properties of SCs. In addition, [18F]DOPA and [18F]FE-PE2I coupled with PET may provide a feasible method for in vivo evaluation of the functional integrity of the grafted DA cell in parkinsonian rats.
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18
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The effect of dextromethorphan use in Parkinson's disease: A 6-hydroxydopamine rat model and population-based study. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 862:172639. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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L'Estrade ET, Erlandsson M, Edgar FG, Ohlsson T, Knudsen GM, Herth MM. Towards selective CNS PET imaging of the 5-HT 7 receptor system: Past, present and future. Neuropharmacology 2019; 172:107830. [PMID: 31669129 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1993, the serotonin receptor subtype 7 (5-HT7) has attracted significant attention as a potential drug target; due to its elucidated roles in conditions such as insomnia, schizophrenia, and more. Therefore, it is unsurprising that there has been relatively early efforts undertaken to develop a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent for said receptor system. PET can be clinically used to probe receptor systems in vivo, permitting information such as a drug's occupancy against this system to be investigated. This review focuses on the efforts towards the development of a 5-HT7R selective PET CNS tracer over the last 20 years, critically reflecting on applied strategies and commonly employed chemical frameworks and suggests future considerations that are needed to successfully develop a PET tracer for this clinically relevant target. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'Serotonin Research: Crossing Scales and Boundaries'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina T L'Estrade
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetesparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Radiation Physics, Nuclear Medicine Physics Unit, Skånes University Hospital, Barngatan 3, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Erlandsson
- Radiation Physics, Nuclear Medicine Physics Unit, Skånes University Hospital, Barngatan 3, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fraser G Edgar
- Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetesparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tomas Ohlsson
- Radiation Physics, Nuclear Medicine Physics Unit, Skånes University Hospital, Barngatan 3, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetesparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, University Hospital Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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20
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Arlicot N, Vercouillie J, Malherbe C, Bidault R, Gissot V, Maia S, Barantin L, Cottier JP, Deloye JB, Guilloteau D, Ribeiro MJ. PET imaging of Dopamine Transporter with [18F]LBT-999: initial evaluation in healthy volunteers. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF... 2019; 66:148-155. [PMID: 31496203 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.19.03175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate in healthy human brain the distribution, uptake, and kinetics of [18F]LBT-999, a PET ligand targeting the dopamine transporter, to assess its ability to explore dopaminergic innervation, using a shorter protocol, more convenient for patients than currently with [123I]ioflupane. METHODS After intravenous injection of [18F]LBT-999, 8 healthy subjects (53-80y) underwent a dynamic PET-scan. Venous samples were concomitantly obtained for metabolites analysis. Time activity curves (TACs) were generated for several ROIs (caudate, putamen, occipital cortex, substantia nigra and cerebellum). Cerebellum was used as reference region to calculate binding potentials (BPND). RESULTS No adverse events or detectable pharmacological effects were reported. [18F]LBT-999 PET revealed a good cerebral distribution, with an intense and symmetric uptake in both putamen and caudate (BPND of 6.75±1.17 and 6.30±1.17, respectively), without other brain abnormal tracer accumulation. Regional TACs showed a plateau from the maximal uptake, 20min pi, to the end of the acquisition for both caudate and putamen, whereas uptake in substantia nigra decreased progressively. A faster clearance and lowest BPND values were observed in both cortex and cerebellum. Ratios to the cerebellum exhibit value of about 3 in substantia nigra, close to 10 for both caudate and putamen, and remained around the value of 1 in cortex. The parent fraction of [18F]LBT-999 in plasma was 80%, 60% and 45% at 15, 30 and 45 min pi, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the usefulness of [18F]LBT-999 for a quantitative clinical evaluation of presynaptic dopaminergic innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Arlicot
- CHRU de Tours, Unité de Radiopharmacie, Tours, France - .,UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France - .,-INSERM CIC 1415, University Hospital, Tours, France -
| | - Johnny Vercouillie
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.,-INSERM CIC 1415, University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Cécile Malherbe
- CHRU de Tours, Unité de Radiopharmacie, Tours, France.,UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Rudy Bidault
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | | | - Serge Maia
- CHRU de Tours, Unité de Radiopharmacie, Tours, France.,UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Cottier
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Service de Neuroradiologie, Tours, France
| | | | - Denis Guilloteau
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.,-INSERM CIC 1415, University Hospital, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Service de Médecine Nucléaire in vitro, Tours, France
| | - Maria-Joao Ribeiro
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.,-INSERM CIC 1415, University Hospital, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Service de Médecine Nucléaire in vivo, Tours, France
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21
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Sarnyai Z, Nagy K, Patay G, Molnár M, Rosenqvist G, Tóth M, Takano A, Gulyás B, Major P, Halldin C, Varrone A. Performance Evaluation of a High-Resolution Nonhuman Primate PET/CT System. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:1818-1824. [PMID: 31302634 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.206243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The LFER 150 PET/CT device (large-field-of-view extreme-resolution portable research imager) is a system for nonhuman primate (NHP) imaging. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the system using the National Electrical Manufacturers Association NU 4-2008 standard protocol. As a preliminary in vivo evaluation of the system, a PET measurement in an NHP was also performed. Methods: Resolution, sensitivity, image quality, and noise-equivalent count rate (NECR) were measured. NECR measurement was performed with a ratlike phantom and a monkeylike phantom. A Derenzo phantom experiment was performed to test the resolution using 3-dimensional ordered-subset expectation maximization reconstruction. One cynomolgus monkey (4.5 kg, intravenous ketamine/xylazine anesthesia) was examined with the dopamine transporter radioligand 18F-FE-PE2I (94 MBq) to evaluate the in vivo performance of the system. List-mode PET data acquired for 93 min were reconstructed into 38 frames with the Tera-Tomo 3-dimensional engine. Binding potential for caudate nucleus, putamen, and substantia nigra was evaluated using the simplified reference tissue model. Results: Radial full-width half-maximum resolution using Fourier rebinning and a 2-dimensional filtered backprojection algorithm was less than 2.2 mm and less than 3.2 mm in the central 60-mm-diameter and 140-mm-diameter regions, respectively. Maximum sensitivity in the 400- to 600-keV and 250- to 750-keV energy windows was 30.03 cps/kBq (3.3%) and 49.11 cps/kBq (5.4%), respectively. The uniformity in the image-quality phantom was 3.3%, and the spillover ratio for air and water was 0.1. The peak of the NECR curve was 430 kcps (at 115 MBq) with the ratlike phantom and 78 kcps (at 139 MBq) with the monkeylike phantom. Rods of the Derenzo phantom with 1-mm diameter could be distinguished by eye. In the NHP experiment, binding potentials in the caudate, putamen, and substantia nigra (4.9, 4.9, and 1, respectively) were similar to those previously reported using the same radioligand and a high-resolution research tomograph. Conclusion: The results obtained from phantom experiments and 1 representative PET measurement in an NHP confirm that the LFER 150 is a high-resolution PET/CT system with suitable performance for brain imaging in NHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Sarnyai
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Göran Rosenqvist
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miklós Tóth
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akihiro Takano
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Balázs Gulyás
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Lai JH, Chen KY, Wu JCC, Olson L, Brené S, Huang CZ, Chen YH, Kang SJ, Ma KH, Hoffer BJ, Hsieh TH, Chiang YH. Voluntary exercise delays progressive deterioration of markers of metabolism and behavior in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 2019; 1720:146301. [PMID: 31226324 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although a good deal is known about the genetics and pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD), and information is emerging about its cause, there are no pharmacological treatments shown to have a significant, sustained capacity to prevent or attenuate the ongoing neurodegenerative processes. However, there is accumulating clinical results to suggest that physical exercise is such a treatment, and studies of animal models of the dopamine (DA) deficiency associated with the motor symptoms of PD further support this hypothesis. Exercise is a non-pharmacological, economically practical, and sustainable intervention with little or no risk and with significant additional health benefits. In this study, we investigated the long-term effects of voluntary exercise on motor behavior and brain biochemistry in the transgenic MitoPark mouse PD model with progressive degeneration of the DA systems caused by DAT-driven deletion of the mitochondrial transcription factor TFAM in DA neurons. We found that voluntary exercise markedly improved behavioral function, including overall motor activity, narrow beam walking, and rotarod performance. There was also improvement of biochemical markers of nigrostriatal DA input. This was manifested by increased levels of DA measured by HPLC, and of the DA membrane transporter measured by PET. Moreover, exercise increased oxygen consumption and, by inference, ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation. Thus, exercise augmented aerobic mitochondrial oxidative metabolism vs glycolysis in the nigrostriatal system. We conclude that there are clear-cut physiological mechanisms for beneficial effects of exercise in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Huei Lai
- Core Laboratory of Neuroscience, Office of R&D, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yun Chen
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - John Chung-Che Wu
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lars Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Brené
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chi-Zong Huang
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Chen
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuo-Jhen Kang
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsing Ma
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tsung-Hsun Hsieh
- Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Core Laboratory of Neuroscience, Office of R&D, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Malherbe C, Bidault R, Netter C, Guilloteau D, Vercouillie J, Arlicot N. Development of a Fast and Facile Analytical Approach to Quantify Radiometabolites in Human Plasma Samples Using Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2019.105016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Kukk S, Loog O, Hiltunen JV, Järv J. In Vitro Ligand Binding Kinetics Explains the Pharmacokinetics of [ 18F]FE-PE2I in Dopamine Transporter PET Imaging. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:1292-1296. [PMID: 30613342 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Two of the most popular positron emission tomography (PET) tracers, [11C]PE2I and [18F]FE-PE2I, used to quantify dopamine transporters (DAT), display dissimilar kinetic behavior in in vivo assays. This difference can be explained by comparing values of kinetic rate constants, which characterize interaction of these tracers with DAT sites in vitro. At the same time, this kinetic analysis showed that the overall binding mechanism is similar for these two tracers and includes a fast step of complex formation followed by a slow isomerization step of this complex. Comparison with previous PE2I data revealed that isomerization of the DAT complex with PE2I occurs three times faster than in the case of FE-PE2I, which leads to the slower onset of peak specific binding of the former tracer in the DAT-rich regions. Therefore, ligands with slower isomerization on-rate, including [18F]FE-PE2I, seem to be better tracers in vivo, and their properties can be predicted in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siim Kukk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- PharmaSynth AS, Teaduspargi 7, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Olavi Loog
- PharmaSynth AS, Teaduspargi 7, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Jaak Järv
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- PharmaSynth AS, Teaduspargi 7, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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25
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Nigrostriatal dopamine transporter availability in early Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2018; 33:592-599. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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26
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Sonni I, Fazio P, Schain M, Halldin C, Svenningsson P, Farde L, Varrone A. Optimal Acquisition Time Window and Simplified Quantification of Dopamine Transporter Availability Using 18F-FE-PE2I in Healthy Controls and Parkinson Disease Patients. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:1529-1534. [PMID: 27230923 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.171231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
18F-(E)-N-(3-iodoprop-2-enyl)-2β-carbofluoroethoxy-3β-(4'methylphenyl)nortropane (18F-FE-PE2I) is a newly developed dopamine transporter (DAT) PET radioligand. Full quantification methods rely on dynamic acquisition of 18F-FE-PE2I, but in a clinical setting a simplified protocol is preferable. The aims of this study were to identify the optimal acquisition time window for 18F-FE-PE2I and to validate the specific binding ratio (SBR) as a simplified quantification method. METHODS Ten Parkinson disease (PD) patients and 10 controls were included. Ninety-three-min dynamic PET measurements with 18F-FE-PE2I were conducted using the high-resolution research tomograph (HRRT). The dynamic measurement was also smoothed to the resolution of a clinical PET system (HR). Regions of interest for the caudate, putamen, ventral striatum, substantia nigra (SN), and cerebellum were manually drawn on coregistered MR images. The outcome measure was the SBR, and the gold standard was the binding potential obtained with wavelet-aided parametric imaging (WAPI BPND). The cerebellum was used as a reference region. In a preliminary analysis, SBR was computed for 8 time windows (SBRdyn). Linear regression analysis and Bland-Altman plots were used to select the optimal acquisition time window. An average image from the selected time window was created, from which new SBR values (SBR calculated on the average image on the HRRT and SBR calculated on the average image on the simulated HR images) were calculated and compared with WAPI BPND The effect size was calculated. RESULTS SBRdyn values for the time window between 16.5 and 42 min correlated best with WAPI BPND (r2 = 0.98, P < 0.001). Significant correlations (P < 0.001) were observed between SBRHR and WAPI-BPND (r2 = 0.95 in controls and 0.97 in PD patients). In the striatum, SBRHR values were 37% lower than BPND in controls, 29% in PD patients, whereas in the SN the underestimation was 22% in controls and 15% in PD patients. Similar effect sizes for BPND and SBRHR were found in the caudate (0.6), putamen (1.7 and 1.4), ventral striatum (0.7), and SN (0.5 and 0.4). CONCLUSION A single 18F-FE-PE2I acquisition between 16.5 and 42 min provides the best outcome measure for simplified DAT quantification. Despite underestimation of the BPND, the SBR can be used in a clinical setting as a valid quantification method for DAT using 18F-FE-PE2I, because it provides differentiation similar to BPND between controls and PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Sonni
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm, Sweden Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Nuclear Medicine Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrik Fazio
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Schain
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Lars Farde
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm, Sweden AstraZeneca Translational Science Centre at Karolinska Institutet, PET CoE, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm, Sweden
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Dynamic Changes in Striatal mGluR1 But Not mGluR5 during Pathological Progression of Parkinson's Disease in Human Alpha-Synuclein A53T Transgenic Rats: A Multi-PET Imaging Study. J Neurosci 2016; 36:375-84. [PMID: 26758830 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2289-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent degenerative disorder affecting the CNS that is primarily characterized by resting tremor and movement deficits. Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes 1 and 5 (mGluR1 and mGluR5, respectively) are important targets for investigation in several CNS disorders. In the present study, we investigated the in vivo roles of mGluR1 and mGluR5 in chronic PD pathology by performing longitudinal positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in A53T transgenic (A53T-Tg) rats expressing an abnormal human α-synuclein (ASN) gene. A53T-Tg rats showed a dramatic decline in general motor activities with age, along with abnormal ASN aggregation and striatal neuron degeneration. In longitudinal PET imaging, striatal nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) values for [(11)C]ITDM (N-[4-[6-(isopropylamino) pyrimidin-4-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-N-methyl-4-[(11)C]methylbenzamide), a selective PET ligand for mGluR1, temporarily increased before PD symptom onset and dramatically decreased afterward with age. However, striatal BPND values for (E)-[(11)C]ABP688 [3-(6-methylpyridin-2-ylethynyl)-cyclohex-2-enone-(E)-O-[(11)C]methyloxime], a specific PET ligand for mGluR5, remained constant during experimental terms. The dynamic changes in striatal mGluR1 BPND values also showed a high correlation in pathological decreases in general motor activities. Furthermore, declines in mGluR1 BPND values were correlated with decreases in BPND values for [(18)F]FE-PE2I [(E)-N-(3-iodoprop-2E-enyl)-2β-carbo-[(18)F]fluoroethoxy-3β-(4-methylphenyl) nortropane], a specific PET ligand for the dopamine transporter, a biomarker for dopaminergic neurons. In conclusion, our results have demonstrated for the first time that dynamic changes occur in mGluR1, but not mGluR5, that accompany pathological progression in a PD animal model. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Synaptic signaling by glutamate, the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, is modulated by group I metabotropic glutamate receptors, including the mGluR1 and mGluR5 subtypes. In the brain, mGluR1 and mGluR5 have distinct functional roles and regional distributions. Their roles in brain pathology, however, are not well characterized. Using longitudinal PET imaging in a chronic rat model of PD, we demonstrated that expression of mGluR1, but not mGluR5, dynamically changed in the striatum accompanying pathological PD progression. These findings imply that monitoring mGluR1 in vivo may provide beneficial information to further understand central nervous system disorders.
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Gunay MS, Ozer AY, Chalon S. Drug Delivery Systems for Imaging and Therapy of Parkinson's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 14:376-91. [PMID: 26714584 PMCID: PMC4876593 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666151230124904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a variety of therapeutic approaches are available for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, challenges limit effective therapy. Among these challenges are delivery of drugs through the blood brain barier to the target brain tissue and the side effects observed during long term administration of antiparkinsonian drugs. The use of drug delivery systems such as liposomes, niosomes, micelles, nanoparticles, nanocapsules, gold nanoparticles, microspheres, microcapsules, nanobubbles, microbubbles and dendrimers is being investigated for diagnosis and therapy. METHODS This review focuses on formulation, development and advantages of nanosized drug delivery systems which can penetrate the central nervous system for the therapy and/or diagnosis of PD, and highlights future nanotechnological approaches. RESULTS It is esential to deliver a sufficient amount of either therapeutic or radiocontrast agents to the brain in order to provide the best possible efficacy or imaging without undesired degradation of the agent. Current treatments focus on motor symptoms, but these treatments generally do not deal with modifying the course of Parkinson's disease. Beyond pharmacological therapy, the identification of abnormal proteins such as α -synuclein, parkin or leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine protein kinase 2 could represent promising alternative targets for molecular imaging and therapy of Parkinson's disease. CONCLUSION Nanotechnology and nanosized drug delivery systems are being investigated intensely and could have potential effect for Parkinson's disease. The improvement of drug delivery systems could dramatically enhance the effectiveness of Parkinson's Disease therapy and reduce its side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Yekta Ozer
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
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29
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Ikoma Y, Sasaki T, Kimura Y, Seki C, Okubo Y, Suhara T, Ito H. Evaluation of semi-quantitative method for quantification of dopamine transporter in human PET study with ¹⁸F-FE-PE2I. Ann Nucl Med 2015; 29:697-708. [PMID: 26134215 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-015-0993-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Positron emission tomography (PET) with ¹⁸F-FE-PE2I is useful for investigating the function of dopamine transporter, and kinetics of ¹⁸F-FE-PE2I could be described by standard two-tissue compartment model (2CM) using plasma input function. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of semi-quantitative methods for estimating binding potential (BPND) and transporter occupancy to shorten the scan period and to reduce the effect of statistical noise on quantitative outcomes using computer simulation and human PET studies with ¹⁸F-FE-PE2I. METHODS In the simulations, time-activity curves (TACs) for the putamen with a wide range of BPND were generated. In these TACs, BPNDs were estimated by standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) using various integration intervals and the simplified reference tissue model (SRTM) with the cerebellum as reference region, and reduction of BPND assuming transporter occupancy by antipsychotics was calculated from BPND obtained from TACs with various BPND values. These estimates were evaluated by comparison with those of 2CM. In human studies with normal volunteers, BPNDs were estimated in the caudate and putamen using SUVR and SRTM with the cerebellar reference region, and compared with BPND by standard 2CM. RESULTS In the simulations, BPND estimated by SUVR with late time frames and SRTM showed linear correlation with those by 2CM, although the estimates by SUVR were overestimated and affected by the cerebral blood flow as BPND became higher. As for transporter occupancy, SRTM showed higher linearity with 2CM and less effect of statistical noise than the SUVR method. In human studies, BPND by SRTM and SUVR with late time frames showed good correlation with BPND by 2CM. CONCLUSIONS Although SRTM is more reliable than the SUVR method for BPND and occupancy estimation, SUVR using late time frames has the potential to provide practical indices of BPND and occupancy with a shorter scan period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ikoma
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kimura
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Chie Seki
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Okubo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Suhara
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.,Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
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30
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Fazio P, Svenningsson P, Forsberg A, Jönsson EG, Amini N, Nakao R, Nag S, Halldin C, Farde L, Varrone A. Quantitative Analysis of 18F-(E)-N-(3-Iodoprop-2-Enyl)-2β-Carbofluoroethoxy-3β-(4′-Methyl-Phenyl) Nortropane Binding to the Dopamine Transporter in Parkinson Disease. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:714-20. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.152421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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31
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Amini N, Nakao R, Schou M, Halldin C. Determination of plasma protein binding of positron emission tomography radioligands by high-performance frontal analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 98:140-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Riss PJ, Stockhofe K, Roesch F. Tropane-derived (11) C-labelled and (18) F-labelled DAT ligands. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 56:149-58. [PMID: 24285320 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Radiolabelling of cocaine-derived 3-phenyltropanes for dopamine transporter positron emission tomography with (18) F and (11) C is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Riss
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Box 65 Addenbrooke's Hospital, CB2 0QQ, Cambridge, UK
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Reproducibility of PET measurement for presynaptic dopaminergic functions using L-[β-11C]DOPA and [18F]FE-PE2I in humans. Nucl Med Commun 2014; 35:231-7. [DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Synthesis, radiosynthesis and first in vitro evaluation of novel PET-tracers for the dopamine transporter: [11C]IPCIT and [18F]FE@IPCIT. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:7562-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Nakao R, Halldin C. A simplified radiometabolite analysis procedure for PET radioligands using a solid phase extraction with micellar medium. Nucl Med Biol 2013; 40:658-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Nakao R, Halldin C. “Mixed” anionic and non-ionic micellar liquid chromatography for high-speed radiometabolite analysis of positron emission tomography radioligands. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1281:54-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cochrane AR, Kerr WJ, Sandell J. Preparation of [3H]fluoroethyl tosylate and its use in the labelling of the dopamine transporter radioligand [3H]FE-PE2I. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2013; 56:447-50. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - William John Kerr
- University of Strathclyde; Pure and Applied Chemistry; 295 Cathedral Street; Glasgow; Scotland; G1 1XL; United Kingdom
| | - Johan Sandell
- University of Strathclyde; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; Glasgow; United Kingdom
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38
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Amini N, Nakao R, Schou M, Halldin C. Identification of PET radiometabolites by cytochrome P450, UHPLC/Q-ToF-MS and fast radio-LC: applied to the PET radioligands [11C]flumazenil, [18F]FE-PE2I, and [11C]PBR28. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6541-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sasaki T, Ito H, Kimura Y, Arakawa R, Takano H, Seki C, Kodaka F, Fujie S, Takahata K, Nogami T, Suzuki M, Fujiwara H, Takahashi H, Nakao R, Fukumura T, Varrone A, Halldin C, Nishikawa T, Suhara T. Quantification of Dopamine Transporter in Human Brain Using PET with 18F-FE-PE2I. J Nucl Med 2012; 53:1065-73. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.111.101626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Qiao H, Zhu L, Lieberman BP, Zha Z, Plössl K, Kung HF. Synthesis and evaluation of novel tropane derivatives as potential PET imaging agents for the dopamine transporter. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4303-6. [PMID: 22658558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of tropane derivatives containing a fluorinated tertiary amino or amide at the 2β position was synthesized, labeled with the positron-emitter fluorine-18 (t(1/2)=109.8 min), and tested as potential in vivo dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging agents. The corresponding chlorinated analogs were prepared and employed as precursors for radiolabeling leading to the fluorine-18-labeled derivatives via a one-step nucleophilic aliphatic substitution reaction. In vitro binding results showed that the 2β-amino compounds 6b, 6d and 7b displayed moderately high affinities to DAT (K(i)<10nM). Biodistribution studies of [(18)F]6b and [(18)F]6d showed that the brain uptakes in rats were low. This is likely due to their low lipophilicities. Further structural modifications of these tropane derivatives will be needed to improve their in vivo properties as DAT imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwen Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Beijing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, PR China
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41
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Stepanov V, Krasikova R, Raus L, Loog O, Hiltunen J, Halldin C. An efficient one-step radiosynthesis of [18F]FE-PE2I, a PET radioligand for imaging of dopamine transporters. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Stepanov
- Karolinska Institutet; Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Stockholm; Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Christer Halldin
- Karolinska Institutet; Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Stockholm; Sweden
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Forsback S, Marjamäki P, Eskola O, Bergman J, Rokka J, Grönroos T, Haaparanta M, Solin O. [18F]CFT synthesis and binding to monoamine transporters in rats. EJNMMI Res 2012; 2:3. [PMID: 22277306 PMCID: PMC3299608 DOI: 10.1186/2191-219x-2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We present the electrophilic synthesis of [18F]2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluoro)tropane [[18F]CFT] and the pharmacological specificity and selectivity of [18F]CFT for monoamine transporters in the brain and peripheral organs of rats. The human radiation dose is extrapolated from the animal data. METHODS [18F]CFT was synthesized by electrophilic fluorination of a stannylated precursor by using post-target-produced [18F]F2 as a fluorinating agent. The ex vivo 18F-activity biodistribution of [18F]CFT in the brain of rats was studied by autoradiography. The binding of [18F]CFT to the monoamine transporters was studied using in vivo blocking experiments with dopamine transporter [DAT], norepinephrine transporter [NET], or serotonin transporter [SERT] inhibitors. In vivo animal positron emission tomography was used as a comparative method to determine tracer kinetics. Human radiation dose was assessed using OLINDA software. RESULTS The radiochemical yield of [18F]CFT from the initial [18F]F-, decay corrected to the end of bombardment, was 3.2 ± 1.0%. The specific activity [SA] was 14.5 ± 3.4 GBq/μmol, decay corrected to the end of synthesis. Radiochemical purity exceeded 99%. DAT-specific binding was found in the striatum, locus coeruleus, and pancreas. NET-specific binding was found in the locus coeruleus. SERT-specific binding was not found in any of the studied organs. Effective dose equivalent [EDE] estimated for the standard human model was 12.8 μSv/MBq. Effective dose [ED] was 9.17 μSv/MBq. CONCLUSIONS Post-target-produced high-SA [18F]F2 was used to incorporate18F directly into the phenyl ring of [18F]CFT. The final product had high radiochemical and chemical purities and a high SA for DAT and NET studies in vivo. In periphery, [18F]CFT showed a specific uptake in the pancreas. EDE and ED corresponded well with other18F-radioligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Forsback
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Porthaninkatu 3, Turku, 20500, Finland.
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Varrone A, Gulyás B, Takano A, Stabin MG, Jonsson C, Halldin C. Simplified quantification and whole-body distribution of [18F]FE-PE2I in nonhuman primates: prediction for human studies. Nucl Med Biol 2011; 39:295-303. [PMID: 22033024 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION [(18)F]FE-PE2I is a promising dopamine transporter (DAT) radioligand. In nonhuman primates, we examined the accuracy of simplified quantification methods and the estimates of radiation dose of [(18)F]FE-PE2I. METHODS In the quantification study, binding potential (BP(ND)) values previously reported in three rhesus monkeys using kinetic and graphical analyses of [(18)F]FE-PE2I were used for comparison. BP(ND) using the cerebellum as reference region was obtained with four reference tissue methods applied to the [(18)F]FE-PE2I data that were compared with the kinetic and graphical analyses. In the whole-body study, estimates of adsorbed radiation were obtained in two cynomolgus monkeys. RESULTS All reference tissue methods provided BP(ND) values within 5% of the values obtained with the kinetic and graphical analyses. The shortest imaging time for stable BP(ND) estimation was 54 min. The average effective dose of [(18)F]FE-PE2I was 0.021 mSv/MBq, similar to 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-d-glucose. CONCLUSIONS The results in nonhuman primates suggest that [(18)F]FE-PE2I is suitable for accurate and stable DAT quantification, and its radiation dose estimates would allow for a maximal administered radioactivity of 476 MBq in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Varrone
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Liu J, Zhu L, Plössl K, Lieberman BP, Kung HF. Synthesis and evaluation of novel N-fluoropyridyl derivatives of tropane as potential PET imaging agents for the dopamine transporter. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:2962-5. [PMID: 21458259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel N-fluoropyridyl-containing tropane derivatives were synthesized and their binding affinities for the dopamine transporter (DAT), serotonin transporter (SERT) and norepinephrine (NET) were determined via competitive radioligand binding assays. Among these derivatives, compound 6d showed the highest binding affinity to DAT (K(i)=4.1 nM), and selectivity for DAT over SERT (5-fold) and NET (16-fold). Compound 6d was radiolabeled with Fluorine-18 in two steps. Regional brain distribution and ex vivo autoradiography studies of [(18)F]6d demonstrated that the ligand was selectively localized in the striatum region, where DAT binding sites are highly expressed. [(18)F]6d may be useful as a potential radioligand for imaging DATs with PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, PR China
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Varrone A, Tóth M, Steiger C, Takano A, Guilloteau D, Ichise M, Gulyás B, Halldin C. Kinetic Analysis and Quantification of the Dopamine Transporter in the Nonhuman Primate Brain with 11C-PE2I and 18F-FE-PE2I. J Nucl Med 2010; 52:132-9. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.110.077651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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46
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Varrone A, Steiger C, Schou M, Takano A, Finnema SJ, Guilloteau D, Gulyás B, Halldin C. In vitro autoradiography and in vivo evaluation in cynomolgus monkey of [18F]FE-PE2I, a new dopamine transporter PET radioligand. Synapse 2009; 63:871-80. [PMID: 19562698 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo characteristics of a new dopamine transporter (DAT) radioligand, [(18)F]fluoroethyl(FE)PE2I, by autoradiography from postmortem human brain and by positron emission tomography (PET) in three cynomolgus monkeys. In the autoradiography experiments, high [18F]FE-PE2I accumulation was observed in caudate and putamen that was selectively abolished by GBR12909 or beta-CIT but not by maprotiline. High doses of citalopram (>5 microM) also inhibited [18F]FE-PE2I binding in the striatum. In vitro Ki of the radioligand was 12 nM at rodent dopamine transporter. [18F]FE-PE2I brain uptake measured by PET was approximately 4-5% of the injected dose, with highest uptake in striatum followed by midbrain and thalamus, lower uptake in neocortex, and lowest in cerebellum. Peak specific binding in striatum was reached approximately 40 min and in midbrain 20-30 min postinjection. The ratio-to-cerebellum was 7-10 in striatum and 1.5-2.3 in midbrain. BP(ND) measured with simplified reference tissue method using the cerebellum as reference region was 4.5 in striatum and 0.6 in midbrain. No displacement was shown after citalopram or maprotiline administration, while GBR12909 decreased the binding in striatum and midbrain to the level of cerebellum. [18F]FE-PE2I showed relatively fast elimination and metabolism with the presence of two metabolite peaks with similar retention time as the labeled metabolites of [11C]PE2I. [18F]FE-PE2I showed in vivo selectivity for the DAT and compared with [11C]PE2I, it showed faster kinetics and earlier peak equilibrium. The potential influence of the two radiometabolites on PET quantification requires further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Varrone
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section, Stockholm, Sweden.
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