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Liu YC, Wei G, Liao ZQ, Wang FX, Zong C, Qiu J, Le Y, Yu ZL, Yang SY, Wang HS, Dou XB, Wang CY. Design and Synthesis of Novel Indole Ethylamine Derivatives as a Lipid Metabolism Regulator Targeting PPARα/CPT1 in AML12 Cells. Molecules 2023; 29:12. [PMID: 38202597 PMCID: PMC10779794 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) are important targets of lipid metabolism regulation for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) therapy. In the present study, a set of novel indole ethylamine derivatives (4, 5, 8, 9) were designed and synthesized. The target product (compound 9) can effectively activate PPARα and CPT1a. Consistently, in vitro assays demonstrated its impact on the lipid accumulation of oleic acid (OA)-induced AML12 cells. Compared with AML12 cells treated only with OA, supplementation with 5, 10, and 20 μM of compound 9 reduced the levels of intracellular triglyceride (by 28.07%, 37.55%, and 51.33%) with greater inhibitory activity relative to the commercial PPARα agonist fenofibrate. Moreover, the compound 9 supplementations upregulated the expression of hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and upregulated the phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) related to fatty acid oxidation and lipogenesis. This dual-target compound with lipid metabolism regulatory efficacy may represent a promising type of drug lead for NAFLD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Liu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Y.-C.L.); (C.Z.); (J.Q.); (Y.L.)
| | - Gang Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (G.W.); (Z.-Q.L.); (F.-X.W.); (H.-S.W.)
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (G.W.); (Z.-Q.L.); (F.-X.W.); (H.-S.W.)
| | - Fang-Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (G.W.); (Z.-Q.L.); (F.-X.W.); (H.-S.W.)
| | - Chunxiao Zong
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Y.-C.L.); (C.Z.); (J.Q.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jiannan Qiu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Y.-C.L.); (C.Z.); (J.Q.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yifei Le
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Y.-C.L.); (C.Z.); (J.Q.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Seo Young Yang
- Department of Biology Education, Teachers College and Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Heng-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (G.W.); (Z.-Q.L.); (F.-X.W.); (H.-S.W.)
| | - Xiao-Bing Dou
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Y.-C.L.); (C.Z.); (J.Q.); (Y.L.)
| | - Cai-Yi Wang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Y.-C.L.); (C.Z.); (J.Q.); (Y.L.)
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2
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Mohamed MF, Ibrahim NS, Saddiq AA, Abdelhamid IA. Novel 3-(pyrazol-4-yl)-2-(1H-indole-3-carbonyl)acrylonitrile derivatives induce intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic death mediated P53 in HCT116 colon carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22486. [PMID: 38110432 PMCID: PMC10728220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel series of α-cyano indolylchalcones was prepared, and their chemical structures were confirmed based on the different spectral data. Among them, compound 7f was observed to be the most effective bioactive chalcone with distinguished potency and selectivity against colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) with IC50 value (6.76 µg/mL) relative to the positive control (5 FU) (77.15 µg/mL). In a preliminary action study, the acrylonitrile chalcone 7f was found to enhance apoptotic action via different mechanisms like inhibition of some anti-apoptotic protein expression, regulation of some apoptotic proteins, production of caspases, and cell cycle arrest. All mechanisms suggested that compound 7f could act as a professional chemotherapeutic agent. Also, a molecular docking study was achieved on some selected proteins implicated in cancer (Caspase 9, XIAP, P53 mutant Y220C, and MDM2) which showed variable interactions with compound 7f with good Gibbs free energy scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda F Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts at Khaulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Branch), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Nada S Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Branch), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amna A Saddiq
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts at Khaulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Rayner MLD, Kellaway SC, Kingston I, Guillemot-Legris O, Gregory H, Healy J, Phillips JB. Exploring the Nerve Regenerative Capacity of Compounds with Differing Affinity for PPARγ In Vitro and In Vivo. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010042. [PMID: 36611836 PMCID: PMC9818498 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to peripheral nerves can cause debilitating consequences for patients such as lifelong pain and disability. At present, no drug treatments are routinely given in the clinic following a peripheral nerve injury (PNI) to improve regeneration and remyelination of damaged nerves. Appropriately targeted therapeutic agents have the potential to be used at different stages following nerve damage, e.g., to maintain Schwann cell viability, induce and sustain a repair phenotype to support axonal growth, or promote remyelination. The development of therapies to promote nerve regeneration is currently of high interest to researchers, however, translation to the clinic of drug therapies for PNI is still lacking. Studying the effect of PPARγ agonists for treatment of peripheral nerve injures has demonstrated significant benefits. Ibuprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has reproducibly demonstrated benefits in vitro and in vivo, suggested to be due to its agonist action on PPARγ. Other NSAIDs have demonstrated differing levels of PPARγ activation based upon their affinity. Therefore, it was of interest to determine whether affinity for PPARγ of selected drugs corresponded to an increase in regeneration. A 3D co-culture in vitro model identified some correlation between these two properties. However, when the drug treatments were screened in vivo, in a crush injury model in a rat sciatic nerve, the same correlation was not apparent. Further differences were observed between capacity to increase axon number and improvement in functional recovery. Despite there not being a clear correlation between affinity and size of effect on regeneration, all selected PPARγ agonists improved regeneration, providing a panel of compounds that could be explored for use in the treatment of PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L. D. Rayner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London WC1N 6BT, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Simon C. Kellaway
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London WC1N 6BT, UK
| | - Isabel Kingston
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London WC1N 6BT, UK
| | - Owein Guillemot-Legris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London WC1N 6BT, UK
| | - Holly Gregory
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London WC1N 6BT, UK
| | - Jess Healy
- Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London WC1N 6BT, UK
| | - James B. Phillips
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London WC1N 6BT, UK
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4
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Irwin S, Karr C, Furman C, Tsai J, Gee P, Banka D, Wibowo AS, Dementiev AA, O'Shea M, Yang J, Lowe J, Mitchell L, Ruppel S, Fekkes P, Zhu P, Korpal M, Larsen NA. Biochemical and structural basis for the pharmacological inhibition of nuclear hormone receptor PPARγ by inverse agonists. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102539. [PMID: 36179791 PMCID: PMC9626935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) pathway is activated in approximately 40% of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. This led us to investigate pharmacological repression of PPARγ as a possible intervention strategy. Here, we characterize PPARγ antagonists and inverse agonists and find that the former behave as silent ligands, whereas inverse agonists (T0070907 and SR10221) repress downstream PPARγ target genes leading to growth inhibition in bladder cancer cell lines. To understand the mechanism, we determined the ternary crystal structure of PPARγ bound to T0070907 and the corepressor (co-R) peptide NCOR1. The structure shows that the AF-2 helix 12 (H12) rearranges to bind inside the ligand-binding domain, where it forms stabilizing interactions with the compound. This dramatic movement in H12 unveils a large interface for co-R binding. In contrast, the crystal structure of PPARγ bound to a SR10221 analog shows more subtle structural differences, where the compound binds and pushes H12 away from the ligand-binding domain to allow co-R binding. Interestingly, we found that both classes of compound promote recruitment of co-R proteins in biochemical assays but with distinct conformational changes in H12. We validate our structural models using both site-directed mutagenesis and chemical probes. Our findings offer new mechanistic insights into pharmacological modulation of PPARγ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Irwin
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Sq #5, Cambridge MA 02139 (where work was performed)
| | - Craig Karr
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Sq #5, Cambridge MA 02139 (where work was performed)
| | - Craig Furman
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Sq #5, Cambridge MA 02139 (where work was performed)
| | - Jennifer Tsai
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Sq #5, Cambridge MA 02139 (where work was performed); Monta Rosa Therapeutics, Boston MA (present affiliation)
| | - Patricia Gee
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Sq #5, Cambridge MA 02139 (where work was performed)
| | - Deepti Banka
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Sq #5, Cambridge MA 02139 (where work was performed)
| | - Ardian S Wibowo
- Shamrock Structure, Woodridge IL (where work was performed); Helix Biostructures, Indianapolis IN (present affiliation)
| | - Alexey A Dementiev
- Shamrock Structure, Woodridge IL (where work was performed); Schrodinger Inc., Natick MA (present affiliation)
| | - Morgan O'Shea
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Sq #5, Cambridge MA 02139 (where work was performed); C4 Therapeutics, Watertown MA (present affiliation)
| | - Joyce Yang
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Sq #5, Cambridge MA 02139 (where work was performed); Blueprint Medicines, Cambridge MA (present affiliation)
| | - Jason Lowe
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Sq #5, Cambridge MA 02139 (where work was performed); Foghorn Therapeutics, Cambridge MA (present affiliation)
| | - Lorna Mitchell
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Sq #5, Cambridge MA 02139 (where work was performed); Certa Therapeutics, Melbourne VIC, Australia (present affiliation)
| | - Sabine Ruppel
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Sq #5, Cambridge MA 02139 (where work was performed); Ikena Oncology, Boston MA (present affiliation)
| | - Peter Fekkes
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Sq #5, Cambridge MA 02139 (where work was performed); 54 Gene, Washington DC (present affiliation)
| | - Ping Zhu
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Sq #5, Cambridge MA 02139 (where work was performed)
| | - Manav Korpal
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Sq #5, Cambridge MA 02139 (where work was performed)
| | - Nicholas A Larsen
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Sq #5, Cambridge MA 02139 (where work was performed).
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5
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LC–ESI–MS/MS analysis, biological effects of phenolic compounds extracted by microwave method from Algerian Zizyphus lotus fruits. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Synthesis of indole derivatives as diabetics II inhibitors and enzymatic kinetics study of α-glucosidase and α-amylase along with their in-silico study. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:301-318. [PMID: 34481854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated a series of indole-based compounds for their inhibitory study against pancreatic α-amylase and intestinal α-glucosidase activity. Inhibitors of carbohydrate degrading enzymes appear to have an essential role as antidiabetic drugs. All analogous exhibited good to moderate α-amylase (IC50 = 3.80 to 47.50 μM), and α-glucosidase inhibitory interactions (IC50 = 3.10-52.20 μM) in comparison with standard acarbose (IC50 = 12.28 μM and 11.29 μM). The analogues 4, 11, 12, 15, 14 and 17 had good activity potential both for enzymes inhibitory interactions. Structure activity relationships were deliberated to propose the influence of substituents on the inhibitory potential of analogues. Docking studies revealed the interaction of more potential analogues and enzyme active site. Further, we studied their kinetic study of most active compounds showed that compounds 15, 14, 12, 17 and 11 are competitive for α-amylase and non- competitive for α-glucosidase.
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Benmohammed A, Rekiba N, Sehanine Y, Louail AA, Khoumeri O, Kadiri M, Djafri A, Terme T, Vanelle P. Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of new thiosemicarbazones and thiazolidinones in indole series. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-021-02823-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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8
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Li X, Li X, Liu F, Li S, Shi D. Rational Multitargeted Drug Design Strategy from the Perspective of a Medicinal Chemist. J Med Chem 2021; 64:10581-10605. [PMID: 34313432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) has become a widely focused research topic, but rational design remains as an enormous challenge. This paper reviews and discusses the design strategy of incorporating the second activity into an existing single-active ligand. If the binding sites of both targets share similar endogenous substrates, MTDLs can be designed by merging two lead compounds with similar functional groups. If the binding sites are large or adjacent to the solution, two key pharmacophores can be fused directly. If the binding regions are small and deep inside the proteins, the linked-pharmacophore strategy might be the only way. The added pharmacophores of second targets should not affect the binding mode of the original ones. Moreover, the inhibitory activities of the two targets need to be adjusted to achieve an optimal ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
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9
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Zhu Y, Zhao J, Luo L, Gao Y, Bao H, Li P, Zhang H. Research progress of indole compounds with potential antidiabetic activity. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113665. [PMID: 34192642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
New types of antidiabetic agents are continually needed with diabetes becoming the epidemic in the world. Indole alkaloids play an important role in natural products owing to their variable structures and versatile biological activities like anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities, which are a promising source of novel antidiabetic drugs discovery. The synthesized indole derivatives possess similar properties to natural indole alkaloids. In the last two decades, more and more indole derivatives have been designed and synthesized for searching their bioactivities. This present review describes comprehensive structures of indole compounds with the potential antidiabetic activity including natural indole alkaloids and the synthetic indole derivatives based on the structure classification, summarizes their approaches isolated from natural sources or by synthetic methods, and discusses the antidiabetic effects and the mechanisms of action. Furthermore, this review also provides briefly synthetic procedures of some important indole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jinran Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Longbiao Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - He Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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10
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Schoepf AM, Salcher S, Hohn V, Veider F, Obexer P, Gust R. Synthesis and Characterization of Telmisartan-Derived Cell Death Modulators to Circumvent Imatinib Resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1067-1077. [PMID: 32298535 PMCID: PMC7318623 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
New strategies to eradicate cancer stem cells in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) include a combination of imatinib with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) ligands. Recently, we identified the partial PPARγ agonist telmisartan as effective sensitizer of resistant K562 CML cells to imatinib treatment. Here, the importance of the heterocyclic core on the cell death-modulating effects of the telmisartan-derived lead 4'-((2-propyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid (3 b) was investigated. Inspired by the pharmacodynamics of HYL-6d and the selective PPARγ ligand VSP-51, the benzimidazole was replaced by a carbazole or an indole core. The results indicate no correlation between PPARγ activation and sensitization of resistant CML cells to imatinib. The 2-COOH derivatives of the carbazoles or indoles achieved low activity at PPARγ, while the benzimidazoles showed 60-100 % activation. Among the 2-CO2 CH3 derivatives, only the ester of the lead (2 b) slightly activated PPARγ. Sensitizing effects were further observed for this non-cytotoxic 2 b (80 % cell death), and to a lesser extent for the lead 3 b or the 5-Br-substituted ester of the benzimidazoles (5 b).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Schoepf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Institute of Pharmacy CMBI – Center for Molecular Biosciences InnsbruckUniversity of Innsbruck, CCB – Centrum for Chemistry and BiomedicineInnrain 80/826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Stefan Salcher
- Tyrolean Cancer Research InstituteInnrain 666020InnsbruckAustria
- Department of Internal Medicine VMedical University InnsbruckAnichstraße 356020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Verena Hohn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Institute of Pharmacy CMBI – Center for Molecular Biosciences InnsbruckUniversity of Innsbruck, CCB – Centrum for Chemistry and BiomedicineInnrain 80/826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Florina Veider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Institute of Pharmacy CMBI – Center for Molecular Biosciences InnsbruckUniversity of Innsbruck, CCB – Centrum for Chemistry and BiomedicineInnrain 80/826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Petra Obexer
- Tyrolean Cancer Research InstituteInnrain 666020InnsbruckAustria
- Department of Pediatrics IIMedical University InnsbruckInnrain 666020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Ronald Gust
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Institute of Pharmacy CMBI – Center for Molecular Biosciences InnsbruckUniversity of Innsbruck, CCB – Centrum for Chemistry and BiomedicineInnrain 80/826020InnsbruckAustria
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11
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Elshemy HA, Zaki MA, Mohamed EI, Khan SI, Lamie PF. A multicomponent reaction to design antimalarial pyridyl-indole derivatives: Synthesis, biological activities and molecular docking. Bioorg Chem 2020; 97:103673. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Eeda V, Wu D, Lim HY, Wang W. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of potent novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ indole partial agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126664. [PMID: 31591015 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor important for glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. The anti-diabetic drugs thiazolidinediones improve insulin sensitivity by blocking PPARγ phosphorylation at S273; however, their full agonism on PPARγ also causes significant unwanted side effects. The indole derivative UHC1 displays insulin-sensitizing effect by acting as a partial agonist through the inhibition of PPARγ S273 phosphorylation, but without full agonist-associated side effects; however, its potency leaves much to be desired. Herein we report the design and synthesis of potent indole analogs as partial PPARγ agonists via the structure-activity relationship studies. Our studies revealed that vanillylamine and piperonyl benzylamine at Site 1 are favored to bind PPARγ with either biphenyl or 3-trifluoromethyl benzyl group at Site 2. In particular, compound WO91A with vanillylamine at Site 1 displays highly potent PPARγ binding affinity (IC50 = 16.7 nM), over 30-fold more potent than the parental compound UHC1, yet with less side effect-associated transactivation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswararao Eeda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 941 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 941 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Hui-Ying Lim
- Department of Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 941 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 941 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States.
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13
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Laghezza A, Piemontese L, Tortorella P, Loiodice F. An update about the crucial role of stereochemistry on the effects of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 176:326-342. [PMID: 31112893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that govern lipid and glucose homeostasis playing a central role in cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes. These receptors show a high degree of stereoselectivity towards several classes of drugs. This review covers the most relevant findings that have been made in the last decade and takes into consideration only those compounds in which stereochemistry led to unexpected results or peculiar interactions with the receptors. These cases are reviewed and discussed with the aim to show how enantiomeric recognition originates at the molecular level. The structural characterization by crystallographic methods and docking experiments of complexes formed by PPARs with their ligands turns out to be an essential tool to explain receptor stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Laghezza
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze Del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Luca Piemontese
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze Del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Paolo Tortorella
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze Del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze Del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
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14
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An insight into the medicinal perspective of synthetic analogs of indole: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:562-612. [PMID: 31344615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Heterocycles occupy a salient place in chemistry due to their wide range of activity in the fields of drug design, photochemistry, agrochemicals, dyes, and so on. Amongst all, indole scaffold is considered as one of the most promising heterocycles found in natural and synthetic sources and has been shown to possess various biological activity, including anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, antitubercular, antimalarial, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, analgesics, antidepressant, anticancer, antioxidant, antifungal, and antimicrobial, etc. All the reported indole molecules bind to multiple receptors with high affinity, thus expedite the research on the development of novel biologically active compounds through the various approach. In this review, we aimed to highlight synthetic and medicinal perspective on the development of indole-based analogs. In addition, structural activity relationship (SAR) study to correlate for their biological activity also discussed.
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15
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Ammazzalorso A, Maccallini C, Amoia P, Amoroso R. Multitarget PPARγ agonists as innovative modulators of the metabolic syndrome. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 173:261-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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16
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Šiaučiulis M, Sapmaz S, Pulis AP, Procter DJ. Dual vicinal functionalisation of heterocycles via an interrupted Pummerer coupling/[3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement cascade. Chem Sci 2017; 9:754-759. [PMID: 29629145 PMCID: PMC5870476 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04723a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A dual vicinal functionalisation cascade involving the union of heterocycles and allyl sulfoxides is described. In particular, the approach provides efficient one-step access to biologically relevant and synthetically important C3 thio, C2 carbo substituted indoles. The reaction operates under mild, metal free conditions and without directing groups, via an interrupted Pummerer coupling of activated allyl sulfoxides, generating allyl heteroaryl sulfonium salts that are predisposed to a charge accelerated [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindaugas Šiaučiulis
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Rd , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Selma Sapmaz
- Lilly Research Laboratories , Eli Lilly and Company Limited , Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road , Windlesham , Surrey GU20 6PH , UK
| | - Alexander P Pulis
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Rd , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - David J Procter
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Rd , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
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17
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Identification of a novel selective PPARγ ligand with a unique binding mode and improved therapeutic profile in vitro. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41487. [PMID: 28128331 PMCID: PMC5270246 DOI: 10.1038/srep41487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones (TZD) function as potent anti-diabetic drugs through their direct action on the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), but their therapeutic benefits are compromised by severe side effects. To address this concern, here we developed a potent “hit” compound, VSP-51, which is a novel selective PPARγ-modulating ligand with improved therapeutic profiles in vitro compared to the multi-billion dollar TZD drug rosiglitazone (Rosi). Unlike Rosi, VSP-51 is a partial agonist of PPARγ with improved insulin sensitivity due to its ability to bind PPARγ with high affinity without stimulating adipocyte differentiation and the expression of adipogenesis-related genes. We have determined the crystal structure of the PPARγ ligand-binding domain (LBD) in complex with VSP-51, which revealed a unique mode of binding for VSP-51 and provides the molecular basis for the discrimination between VSP-51 from TZDs and other ligands such as telmisartan, SR1663 and SR1664. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that: a) VSP-51 can serve as a promising candidate for anti-diabetic drug discovery; and b) provide a rational basis for the development of future pharmacological agents targeting PPARγ with advantages over current TZD drugs.
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18
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Lv H, Xu WL, Lin K, Shi J, Yi W. Iridium(III)-Catalyzed Regioselective Carbenoid Insertion C-H Alkylation by α-Diazotized Meldrum's Acid. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Honggui Lv
- Department of Chemistry; Shanghai University; 99 Shang-Da Road 200444 Shanghai China
- VARI/SIMM Center; Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 501 Haike Road 201203 Shanghai China
| | - William L. Xu
- VARI/SIMM Center; Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 501 Haike Road 201203 Shanghai China
| | - Kunhua Lin
- Department of Chemistry; Shanghai University; 99 Shang-Da Road 200444 Shanghai China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- VARI/SIMM Center; Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 501 Haike Road 201203 Shanghai China
| | - Wei Yi
- VARI/SIMM Center; Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 501 Haike Road 201203 Shanghai China
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19
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van Marrewijk LM, Polyak SW, Hijnen M, Kuruvilla D, Chang MR, Shin Y, Kamenecka TM, Griffin PR, Bruning JB. SR2067 Reveals a Unique Kinetic and Structural Signature for PPARγ Partial Agonism. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:273-83. [PMID: 26579553 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic full agonists of PPARγ have been prescribed for the treatment of diabetes due to their ability to regulate glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitization. While the use of full agonists of PPARγ has been hampered due to severe side effects, partial agonists have shown promise due to their decreased incidence of such side effects in preclinical models. No kinetic information has been forthcoming in regard to the mechanism of full versus partial agonism of PPARγ to date. Here, we describe the discovery of a partial agonist, SR2067. A co-crystal structure obtained at 2.2 Å resolution demonstrates that interactions with the β-sheet are driven exclusively via hydrophobic interactions mediated through a naphthalene group, an observation that is unique from other partial agonists. Surface plasmon resonance revealed that SR2067 binds to the receptor with higher affinity (KD = 513 nM) as compared to that of full agonist rosiglitazone, yet it has a much slower off rate compared to that of rosiglitazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. van Marrewijk
- School
of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Steven W. Polyak
- School
of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Marcel Hijnen
- GE Healthcare Life Sciences ANZ, Melbourne, Victoria 3121, Australia
| | - Dana Kuruvilla
- Department
of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Mi Ra Chang
- Department
of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Youseung Shin
- Department
of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Theodore M. Kamenecka
- Department
of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Patrick R. Griffin
- Department
of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - John B. Bruning
- School
of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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20
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Asteian A, Blayo AL, He Y, Koenig M, Shin Y, Kuruvilla DS, Corzo CA, Cameron MD, Lin L, Ruiz C, Khan S, Kumar N, Busby S, Marciano DP, Garcia-Ordonez RD, Griffin PR, Kamenecka TM. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Indole Biphenylcarboxylic Acids as PPARγ Antagonists. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:998-1003. [PMID: 26396687 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The thiazolidinediones (TZD) typified by rosiglitazone are the only approved therapeutics targeting PPARγ for the treatment of type-2 diabetes (T2DM). Unfortunately, despite robust insulin sensitizing properties, they are accompanied by a number of severe side effects including congestive heart failure, edema, weight gain, and osteoporosis. We recently identified PPARγ antagonists that bind reversibly with high affinity but do not induce transactivation of the receptor, yet they act as insulin sensitizers in mouse models of diabetes (SR1664).1 This Letter details our synthetic exploration around this novel series of PPARγ antagonists based on an N-biphenylmethylindole scaffold. Structure-activity relationship studies led to the identification of compound 46 as a high affinity PPARγ antagonist that exhibits antidiabetic properties following oral administration in diet-induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Asteian
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Anne-Laure Blayo
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Yuanjun He
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Marcel Koenig
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Youseung Shin
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Dana S. Kuruvilla
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Cesar A. Corzo
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Michael D. Cameron
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Claudia Ruiz
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Susan Khan
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Scott Busby
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - David P. Marciano
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Ruben D. Garcia-Ordonez
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Patrick R. Griffin
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Theodore M. Kamenecka
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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21
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Gokhale N, Panathur N, Dalimba U, Nayak PG, Pai KSR. Novel Indole-Quinazolinone Based Amides as Cytotoxic Agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhila Gokhale
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology Karnataka; Surathkal, Srinivasanagar Mangalore 575025 India
| | - Naveen Panathur
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology Karnataka; Surathkal, Srinivasanagar Mangalore 575025 India
| | - Udayakumar Dalimba
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology Karnataka; Surathkal, Srinivasanagar Mangalore 575025 India
| | - Pawan G. Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Manipal University; Manipal 576104 Karnataka
| | - K. Sreedhar Ranganath Pai
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Manipal University; Manipal 576104 Karnataka
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22
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Garcia-Vallvé S, Guasch L, Tomas-Hernández S, del Bas JM, Ollendorff V, Arola L, Pujadas G, Mulero M. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) and Ligand Choreography: Newcomers Take the Stage. J Med Chem 2015; 58:5381-94. [PMID: 25734377 DOI: 10.1021/jm501155f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) full agonists that have been widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Despite the demonstrated beneficial effect of reducing glucose levels in the plasma, TZDs also induce several adverse effects. Consequently, the search for new compounds with potent antidiabetic effects but fewer undesired effects is an active field of research. Interestingly, the novel proposed mechanisms for the antidiabetic activity of PPARγ agonists, consisting of PPARγ Ser273 phosphorylation inhibition, ligand and receptor mutual dynamics, and the presence of an alternate binding site, have recently changed the view regarding the optimal characteristics for the screening of novel PPARγ ligands. Furthermore, transcriptional genomics could bring essential information about the genome-wide effects of PPARγ ligands. Consequently, facing the new mechanistic scenario proposed for these compounds is essential for resolving the paradoxes among their agonistic function, antidiabetic activities, and side effects and should allow the rational development of better and safer PPARγ-mediated antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Garcia-Vallvé
- †Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus de Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,‡Nutrition and Health Research Group, Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS), TECNIO, CEICS, Avinguda Universitat, 1, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Laura Guasch
- §Computer-Aided Drug Design Group, Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Sarah Tomas-Hernández
- †Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus de Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria del Bas
- ‡Nutrition and Health Research Group, Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS), TECNIO, CEICS, Avinguda Universitat, 1, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Vincent Ollendorff
- ∥INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, F-34060 Montpellier Université Montpellier 1, F-34000 Montpellier - Université Montpellier 2, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Lluís Arola
- ‡Nutrition and Health Research Group, Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS), TECNIO, CEICS, Avinguda Universitat, 1, 43204 Reus, Spain.,⊥Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus de Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gerard Pujadas
- †Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus de Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,‡Nutrition and Health Research Group, Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS), TECNIO, CEICS, Avinguda Universitat, 1, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Miquel Mulero
- †Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus de Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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23
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A facile synthesis of 2-aryl-4-(indol-3-yl)-4H-chromenes using amberlyst-15 as an efficient recyclable heterogeneous catalyst. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-014-1401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Herbst L, Goebel M, Bandholtz S, Gust R, Kintscher U. Characterization of telmisartan-derived PPARγ agonists: importance of moiety shift from position 6 to 5 on potency, efficacy and cofactor recruitment. ChemMedChem 2014; 7:1935-42. [PMID: 24155042 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Selective modulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) by direct binding of small molecules demonstrates a promising tool for treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Besides its blood pressure-lowering properties, the AT1-receptor blocker telmisartan has been shown to be a partial agonist of PPARγ with beneficial metabolic effects in vitro and in mice. In our previous work, comprehensive structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies discussed the different parts of the telmisartan structure and various moieties. Based on these findings, we designed and synthesized new PPARγ ligands with a benzimidazole (agonists 4-5 and 4-6), benzothiophene (agonists 5-5 and 5-6) or benzofuran (agonists 6-5 and 6-6) moiety either at position 5 or 6 of the benzimidazole core structure. Lipophilicity and EC50 values were improved for all new compounds compared with telmisartan. Regarding PPARγ activation, the compounds were characterized by a differentiation assay using 3T3-L1 cells and a luciferase assay with COS-7 cells transiently transfected with pGal4-hPPARgDEF, pGal5-TK-pGL3 and pRL-CMV. A decrease in both potency and efficacy was observed after the shift of either the benzothiophene or the benzofuran moiety from position 6 to position 5. Selective recruitment of the coactivators TRAP220, SRC-1 and PGC-1α, and release of corepressor NCoR1 determined by time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) was detected depending on residues in position 5 or 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Herbst
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin (Germany)
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25
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Hughes TS, Giri PK, de Vera IMS, Marciano DP, Kuruvilla DS, Shin Y, Blayo AL, Kamenecka TM, Burris TP, Griffin PR, Kojetin DJ. An alternate binding site for PPARγ ligands. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3571. [PMID: 24705063 PMCID: PMC4070320 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PPARγ is a target for insulin-sensitizing drugs such as glitazones, which improve plasma glucose maintenance in patients with diabetes. Synthetic ligands have been designed to mimic endogenous ligand binding to a canonical ligand-binding pocket to hyperactivate PPARγ. Here we reveal that synthetic PPARγ ligands also bind to an alternate site, leading to unique receptor conformational changes that impact coregulator binding, transactivation and target gene expression. Using structure-function studies we show that alternate site binding occurs at pharmacologically relevant ligand concentrations, and is neither blocked by covalently bound synthetic antagonists nor by endogenous ligands indicating non-overlapping binding with the canonical pocket. Alternate site binding likely contributes to PPARγ hyperactivation in vivo, perhaps explaining why PPARγ full and partial or weak agonists display similar adverse effects. These findings expand our understanding of PPARγ activation by ligands and suggest that allosteric modulators could be designed to fine tune PPARγ activity without competing with endogenous ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis S Hughes
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
| | - Pankaj Kumar Giri
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
| | - Ian Mitchelle S de Vera
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
| | - David P Marciano
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
| | - Dana S Kuruvilla
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
| | - Youseung Shin
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
| | - Anne-Laure Blayo
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
| | - Theodore M Kamenecka
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
| | - Thomas P Burris
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
| | - Patrick R Griffin
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
| | - Douglas J Kojetin
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
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26
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Marciano DP, Chang MR, Corzo CA, Goswami D, Lam VQ, Pascal BD, Griffin PR. The therapeutic potential of nuclear receptor modulators for treatment of metabolic disorders: PPARγ, RORs, and Rev-erbs. Cell Metab 2014; 19:193-208. [PMID: 24440037 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) play central roles in metabolic syndrome, making them attractive drug targets despite the challenge of achieving functional selectivity. For instance, members of the thiazolidinedione class of insulin sensitizers offer robust efficacy but have been limited due to adverse effects linked to activation of genes not involved in insulin sensitization. Studies reviewed here provide strategies for targeting subsets of PPARγ target genes, enabling development of next-generation modulators with improved therapeutic index. Additionally, emerging evidence suggests that targeting the NRs ROR and Rev-erb holds promise for treating metabolic syndrome based on their involvement in circadian rhythm and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Marciano
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Mi Ra Chang
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Cesar A Corzo
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Devrishi Goswami
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Vinh Q Lam
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Bruce D Pascal
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Patrick R Griffin
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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27
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Jia Z, Sun Y, Yang G, Zhang A, Huang S, Heiney KM, Zhang Y. New Insights into the PPAR γ Agonists for the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy. PPAR Res 2014; 2014:818530. [PMID: 24624137 PMCID: PMC3927865 DOI: 10.1155/2014/818530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe complication of diabetes and serves as the leading cause of chronic renal failure. In the past decades, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)/angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) based first-line therapy can slow but cannot stop the progression of DN, which urgently requests the innovation of therapeutic strategies. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), the synthetic exogenous ligands of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ (PPAR γ ), had been thought to be a promising candidate for strengthening the therapy of DN. However, the severe adverse effects including fluid retention, cardiovascular complications, and bone loss greatly limited their use in clinic. Recently, numerous novel PPAR γ agonists involving the endogenous PPAR γ ligands and selective PPAR γ modulators (SPPARMs) are emerging as the promising candidates of the next generation of antidiabetic drugs instead of TZDs. Due to the higher selectivity of these novel PPAR γ agonists on the regulation of the antidiabetes-associated genes than that of the side effect-associated genes, they present fewer adverse effects than TZDs. The present review was undertaken to address the advancements and the therapeutic potential of these newly developed PPAR γ agonists in dealing with diabetic kidney disease. At the same time, the new insights into the therapeutic strategies of DN based on the PPAR γ agonists were fully addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjun Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Pediatric Laboratory of Nanjing City, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Pediatric Laboratory of Nanjing City, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Guangrui Yang
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Pediatric Laboratory of Nanjing City, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Songming Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Pediatric Laboratory of Nanjing City, Nanjing 210008, China
| | | | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Pediatric Laboratory of Nanjing City, Nanjing 210008, China
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28
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Lamotte Y, Faucher N, Sançon J, Pineau O, Sautet S, Fouchet MH, Beneton V, Tousaint JJ, Saintillan Y, Ancellin N, Nicodeme E, Grillot D, Martres P. Discovery of novel indazole derivatives as dual angiotensin II antagonists and partial PPARγ agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1098-103. [PMID: 24462665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Identification of indazole derivatives acting as dual angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonists and partial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonists is described. Starting from Telmisartan, we previously described that indole derivatives were very potent partial PPARγ agonists with loss of AT1 receptor antagonist activity. Design, synthesis and evaluation of new central scaffolds led us to the discovery of pyrrazolopyridine then indazole derivatives provided novel series possessing the desired dual activity. Among the new compounds, 38 was identified as a potent AT1 receptor antagonist (IC50=0.006 μM) and partial PPARγ agonist (EC50=0.25 μM, 40% max) with good oral bioavailability in rat. The dual pharmacology of compound 38 was demonstrated in two preclinical models of hypertension (SHR) and insulin resistance (Zucker fa/fa rat).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Lamotte
- Centre de Recherches François Hyafil, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, 25 avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Nicolas Faucher
- Centre de Recherches François Hyafil, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, 25 avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Julien Sançon
- Centre de Recherches François Hyafil, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, 25 avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Olivier Pineau
- Centre de Recherches François Hyafil, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, 25 avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphane Sautet
- Centre de Recherches François Hyafil, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, 25 avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Fouchet
- Centre de Recherches François Hyafil, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, 25 avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Véronique Beneton
- Centre de Recherches François Hyafil, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, 25 avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Tousaint
- Centre de Recherches François Hyafil, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, 25 avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yannick Saintillan
- Centre de Recherches François Hyafil, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, 25 avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Ancellin
- Centre de Recherches François Hyafil, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, 25 avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Edwige Nicodeme
- Centre de Recherches François Hyafil, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, 25 avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Didier Grillot
- Centre de Recherches François Hyafil, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, 25 avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Paul Martres
- Centre de Recherches François Hyafil, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, 25 avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
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29
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Shi J, Yan Y, Li Q, Xu HE, Yi W. Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed C2-selective carbenoid functionalization and subsequent C7-alkenylation of indoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:6483-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc01593b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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Herrero MT, de Sarralde JD, SanMartin R, Bravo L, Domínguez E. Cesium Carbonate-Promoted Hydroamidation of Alkynes: Enamides, Indoles and the Effect of Iron(III) Chloride. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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Kumar H, Kumar P, Narasimhan B, Ramasamy K, Mani V, Mishra RK, Majeed ABA. Synthesis, in vitro antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and QSAR studies of N-(substituted phenyl)-2/4-(1H-indol-3-ylazo)-benzamides. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Pirat C, Farce A, Lebègue N, Renault N, Furman C, Millet R, Yous S, Speca S, Berthelot P, Desreumaux P, Chavatte P. Targeting Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs): Development of Modulators. J Med Chem 2012; 55:4027-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jm101360s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Pirat
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique,
Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Lille-Nord de France, EA 4481, 3
Rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Amaury Farce
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique,
Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Lille-Nord de France, EA 4481, 3
Rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Lebègue
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique,
Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Lille-Nord de France, EA 4481, 3
Rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Renault
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique,
Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Lille-Nord de France, EA 4481, 3
Rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Furman
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique
Albert Lespagnol, Université Lille-Nord de France, EA 4481, 3 Rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille Cedex,
France
| | - Régis Millet
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique
Albert Lespagnol, Université Lille-Nord de France, EA 4481, 3 Rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille Cedex,
France
| | - Saı̈d Yous
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique,
Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Lille-Nord de France, EA 4481, 3
Rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Silvia Speca
- Faculté de
Médecine, Amphis J et K, Université Lille-Nord de France, INSERM U995, Boulevard du Professeur Jules
Leclerc, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Pascal Berthelot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique,
Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Lille-Nord de France, EA 4481, 3
Rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Desreumaux
- Faculté de
Médecine, Amphis J et K, Université Lille-Nord de France, INSERM U995, Boulevard du Professeur Jules
Leclerc, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Chavatte
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique,
Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Lille-Nord de France, EA 4481, 3
Rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille Cedex, France
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique
Albert Lespagnol, Université Lille-Nord de France, EA 4481, 3 Rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille Cedex,
France
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33
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Furukawa A, Arita T, Fukuzaki T, Satoh S, Mori M, Honda T, Matsui Y, Wakabayashi K, Hayashi S, Araki K, Ohsumi J. Substituents at the naphthalene C3 position of (−)-Cercosporamide derivatives significantly affect the maximal efficacy as PPARγ partial agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:1348-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Revised: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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34
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Sharma SK, Kumar P, Narasimhan B, Ramasamy K, Mani V, Mishra RK, Majeed ABA. Synthesis, antimicrobial, anticancer evaluation and QSAR studies of 6-methyl-4-[1-(2-substituted-phenylamino-acetyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-2-oxo/thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid ethyl esters. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 48:16-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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35
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Liu W, Lau F, Liu K, Wood HB, Zhou G, Chen Y, Li Y, Akiyama TE, Castriota G, Einstein M, Wang C, McCann ME, Doebber TW, Wu M, Chang CH, McNamara L, McKeever B, Mosley RT, Berger JP, Meinke PT. Benzimidazolones: a new class of selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) modulators. J Med Chem 2011; 54:8541-54. [PMID: 22070604 DOI: 10.1021/jm201061j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of benzimidazolone carboxylic acids and oxazolidinediones were designed and synthesized in search of selective PPARγ modulators (SPPARγMs) as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with improved safety profiles relative to rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, the currently marketed PPARγ full agonist drugs. Structure-activity relationships of these potent and highly selective SPPARγMs were studied with a focus on their unique profiles as partial agonists or modulators. A variety of methods, such as X-ray crystallographic analysis, PPARγ transactivation coactivator profiling, gene expression profiling, and mutagenesis studies, were employed to reveal the differential interactions of these new analogues with PPARγ receptor in comparison to full agonists. In rodent models of T2DM, benzimidazolone analogues such as (5R)-5-(3-{[3-(5-methoxybenzisoxazol-3-yl)benzimidazol-1-yl]methyl}phenyl)-5-methyloxazolidinedione (51) demonstrated efficacy equivalent to that of rosiglitazone. Side effects, such as fluid retention and heart weight gain associated with PPARγ full agonists, were diminished with 51 in comparison to rosiglitazone based on studies in two independent animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Liu
- Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States.
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36
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Antidiabetic actions of a non-agonist PPARγ ligand blocking Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation. Nature 2011; 477:477-81. [PMID: 21892191 PMCID: PMC3179551 DOI: 10.1038/nature10383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PPARγ is the functioning receptor for the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class of anti-diabetes drugs including rosiglitazone and pioglitazone1. These drugs are full classical agonists for this nuclear receptor, but recent data has shown that many PPARγ-based drugs have a separate biochemical activity, blocking the obesity-linked phosphorylation of PPARγ by Cdk52. Here we describe novel synthetic compounds that have a unique mode of binding to PPARγ, completely lack classical transcriptional agonism and block the Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation in cultured adipocytes and in insulin-resistant mice. Moreover, one such compound, SR1664, has potent anti-diabetic activity while not causing the fluid retention and weight gain that are serious side effects of many of the PPARγ drugs. Unlike TZDs, SR1664 also does not interfere with bone formation in culture. These data illustrate that new classes of anti-diabetes drugs can be developed by specifically targeting the Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation of PPARγ.
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37
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Discovery of GSK1997132B a novel centrally penetrant benzimidazole PPARγ partial agonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5568-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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38
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Guasch L, Sala E, Valls C, Blay M, Mulero M, Arola L, Pujadas G, Garcia-Vallvé S. Structural insights for the design of new PPARgamma partial agonists with high binding affinity and low transactivation activity. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2011; 25:717-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s10822-011-9446-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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39
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Al-Najjar BO, Wahab HA, Tengku Muhammad TS, Shu-Chien AC, Ahmad Noruddin NA, Taha MO. Discovery of new nanomolar peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activators via elaborate ligand-based modeling. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:2513-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Gabriele B, Veltri L, Salerno G, Mancuso R, Costa M. Multicomponent Cascade Reactions: A Novel and Expedient Approach to Functionalized Indoles by an Unprecedented Nucleophilic Addition-Heterocyclization-Oxidative Alkoxycarbonylation Sequence. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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