1
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Fabitha K, Chandrakanth M, Pramod RN, Arya CG, Li Y, Banothu J. Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Indole‐Pyrazole Hybrids. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Fabitha
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Calicut Kozhikode 673601 Kerala India
| | - Munugala Chandrakanth
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Calicut Kozhikode 673601 Kerala India
| | - Rakendu N. Pramod
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Calicut Kozhikode 673601 Kerala India
| | - C. G. Arya
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Calicut Kozhikode 673601 Kerala India
| | - Yupeng Li
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 United States
| | - Janardhan Banothu
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Calicut Kozhikode 673601 Kerala India
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2
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Pérez‐Martín C, Rebolledo F, Brieva R. Amine Transaminase Mediated Synthesis of Optically Pure Piperazinones and 1,4‐Diazepanones. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pérez‐Martín
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry University of Oviedo 33006-Oviedo Asturias) Spain
| | - Francisca Rebolledo
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry University of Oviedo 33006-Oviedo Asturias) Spain
| | - Rosario Brieva
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry University of Oviedo 33006-Oviedo Asturias) Spain
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3
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Development and validation of an assay for a novel ghrelin receptor inverse agonist PF-5190457 and its major hydroxy metabolite (PF-6870961) by LC-MS/MS in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1130-1131:121820. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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4
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Lalonde T, Fowkes MM, Hou J, Thibeault PE, Milne M, Dhanvantari S, Ramachandran R, Luyt LG. Single Amino Acid Replacement in G-7039 Leads to a 70-fold Increase in Binding toward GHS-R1a. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1762-1766. [PMID: 31469937 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a (GHS-R1a) is a class A rhodopsin-like G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) that is expressed in a variety of human tissues and is differentially expressed in benign and malignant prostate cancer. Previously, the peptidomimetic [1-Nal4 ,Lys5 (4-fluorobenzoyl)]G-7039 was designed as a molecular imaging tool for positron emission tomography (PET). However, this candidate was a poor binder (IC50 =69 nm), required a lengthy four-step radiosynthesis, and had a cLogP above 8. To address these challenges, we now report on changes targeted at the 4th position of G-7039. A 2-fluoropropionic acid (2-FPA) group was added on to Lys5 to determine the potential binding affinity of the [18 F]-2-FP radiolabeled analogue, which could be prepared by simplified radiochemistry. Lead candidate [Tyr4 ,Lys5 (2-fluoropropionyl)]G-7039 exhibited an IC50 of 0.28 nm and low picomolar activity toward GHS-R1a. Molecular docking revealed a molecular basis for this picomolar affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Lalonde
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, 750 Base Line Road East, London, ON, N6C 2R5, Canada
| | - Milan M Fowkes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, 750 Base Line Road East, London, ON, N6C 2R5, Canada
| | - Jinqiang Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada.,Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Pierre E Thibeault
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, Medical Sciences Building, Room 216, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Mark Milne
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Savita Dhanvantari
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, 750 Base Line Road East, London, ON, N6C 2R5, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, Medical Sciences Building, Room M407, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Rithwik Ramachandran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, Medical Sciences Building, Room 216, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Leonard G Luyt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, 750 Base Line Road East, London, ON, N6C 2R5, Canada.,London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard G. Luyt
- Departments of Chemistry, Oncology, and Medical Imaging, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
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6
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7
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Kumari S, Mahato AK, Maurya A, Singh VK, Kesharwani N, Kachhap P, Koshevoy IO, Haldar C. Syntheses and characterization of monobasic tridentate Cu(ii) Schiff-base complexes for efficient oxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol and oxidative bromination of organic substrates. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj00957g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced bifunctional catalytic activities are shown by monobasic tridentate Cu(ii) Schiff-base complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Kumari
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines)
- Dhanbad 826004
- India
| | - Arun Kumar Mahato
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines)
- Dhanbad 826004
- India
| | - Abhishek Maurya
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines)
- Dhanbad 826004
- India
| | - Vijay Kumar Singh
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines)
- Dhanbad 826004
- India
| | - Neha Kesharwani
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines)
- Dhanbad 826004
- India
| | - Payal Kachhap
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines)
- Dhanbad 826004
- India
| | - Igor O. Koshevoy
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Eastern Finland
- Joensuu
- Finland
| | - Chanchal Haldar
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines)
- Dhanbad 826004
- India
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8
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Hou J, Charron CL, Fowkes MM, Luyt LG. Bridging computational modeling with amino acid replacements to investigate GHS-R1a-peptidomimetic recognition. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:822-833. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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9
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Orr STM, Beveridge R, Bhattacharya SK, Cameron KO, Coffey S, Fernando D, Hepworth D, Jackson MV, Khot V, Kosa R, Lapham K, Loria PM, McClure KF, Patel J, Rose C, Saenz J, Stock IA, Storer G, von Volkenburg M, Vrieze D, Wang G, Xiao J, Zhang Y. Evaluation and synthesis of polar aryl- and heteroaryl spiroazetidine-piperidine acetamides as ghrelin inverse agonists. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:156-61. [PMID: 25699143 DOI: 10.1021/ml500414n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Several polar heteroaromatic acetic acids and their piperidine amides were synthesized and evaluated as ghrelin or type 1a growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R1a) inverse agonists. Efforts to improve pharmacokinetic and safety profile was achieved by modulating physicochemical properties and, more specifically, emphasizing increased polarity of our chemical series. ortho-Carboxamide containing compounds provided optimal physicochemical, pharmacologic, and safety profile. pH-dependent chemical stability was also assessed with our series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi T. M. Orr
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 10770
Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ramsay Beveridge
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 550
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Samit K. Bhattacharya
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 610
Main St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kimberly O. Cameron
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 610
Main St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Steven Coffey
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 550
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Dilinie Fernando
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 550
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David Hepworth
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 610
Main St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Margaret V. Jackson
- Cardiovascular
and Metabolic Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Vishal Khot
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 550
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Rachel Kosa
- Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 550
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kimberly Lapham
- Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 550
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Paula M. Loria
- Primary
Pharmacology Group, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 550
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kim F. McClure
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 610
Main St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jigna Patel
- Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 550 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Colin Rose
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 610
Main St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - James Saenz
- Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 550 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ingrid A. Stock
- Primary
Pharmacology Group, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 550
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gregory Storer
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 550
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Maria von Volkenburg
- Cardiovascular
and Metabolic Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Derek Vrieze
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 550
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 550
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jun Xiao
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 550
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 550
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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10
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New trisubstituted 1,2,4-triazoles as ghrelin receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:20-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Cameron KO, Bhattacharya SK, Loomis AK. Small Molecule Ghrelin Receptor Inverse Agonists and Antagonists. J Med Chem 2014; 57:8671-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5003183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly O. Cameron
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610
Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Samit K. Bhattacharya
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610
Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - A. Katrina Loomis
- Pharmatherapeutics
Precision Medicine, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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12
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Bhattacharya SK, Andrews K, Beveridge R, Cameron KO, Chen C, Dunn M, Fernando D, Gao H, Hepworth D, Jackson VM, Khot V, Kong J, Kosa RE, Lapham K, Loria PM, Londregan AT, McClure KF, Orr STM, Patel J, Rose C, Saenz J, Stock IA, Storer G, VanVolkenburg M, Vrieze D, Wang G, Xiao J, Zhang Y. Discovery of PF-5190457, a Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Ghrelin Receptor Inverse Agonist Clinical Candidate. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:474-9. [PMID: 24900864 DOI: 10.1021/ml400473x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of potent, highly selective orally bioavailable ghrelin receptor inverse agonists from a spiro-azetidino-piperidine series is described. Examples from this series have promising in vivo pharmacokinetics and increase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in human whole and dispersed islets. A physicochemistry-based strategy to increase lipophilic efficiency for ghrelin receptor potency and retain low clearance and satisfactory permeability while reducing off-target pharmacology led to the discovery of 16h. Compound 16h has a superior balance of ghrelin receptor pharmacology and off-target selectivity. On the basis of its promising pharmacological and safety profile, 16h was advanced to human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samit K. Bhattacharya
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kim Andrews
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ramsay Beveridge
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kimberly O. Cameron
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chiliu Chen
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew Dunn
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dilinie Fernando
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hua Gao
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David Hepworth
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - V. Margaret Jackson
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Vishal Khot
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jimmy Kong
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rachel E. Kosa
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kimberly Lapham
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Paula M. Loria
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Allyn T. Londregan
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kim F. McClure
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Suvi T. M. Orr
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jigna Patel
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Colin Rose
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - James Saenz
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ingrid A. Stock
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gregory Storer
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Maria VanVolkenburg
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Derek Vrieze
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jun Xiao
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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13
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McClure KF, Jackson M, Cameron KO, Kung DW, Perry DA, Orr STM, Zhang Y, Kohrt J, Tu M, Gao H, Fernando D, Jones R, Erasga N, Wang G, Polivkova J, Jiao W, Swartz R, Ueno H, Bhattacharya SK, Stock IA, Varma S, Bagdasarian V, Perez S, Kelly-Sullivan D, Wang R, Kong J, Cornelius P, Michael L, Lee E, Janssen A, Steyn SJ, Lapham K, Goosen T. Identification of potent, selective, CNS-targeted inverse agonists of the ghrelin receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:5410-4. [PMID: 23953189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The optimization for selectivity and central receptor occupancy for a series of spirocyclic azetidine-piperidine inverse agonists of the ghrelin receptor is described. Decreased mAChR muscarinic M2 binding was achieved by use of a chiral indane in place of a substituted benzylic group. Compounds with desirable balance of human in vitro clearance and ex vivo central receptor occupancy were discovered by incorporation of heterocycles. Specifically, heteroaryl rings with nitrogen(s) vicinal to the indane linkage provided the most attractive overall properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim F McClure
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Discovery Biology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, United States.
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14
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Li Z, Li Y, Zhang W. Ghrelin receptor in energy homeostasis and obesity pathogenesis. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2013; 114:45-87. [PMID: 23317782 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386933-3.00002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ghrelin receptor, also known as growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), was identified in porcine and rat anterior pituitary membranes, where the synthetic secretagogue MK-0677 causes amplified pulsatile growth hormone (GH) release. In addition to its function in the stimulation of GH secretion, ghrelin, the natural ligand of ghrelin receptor is now recognized as a peptide hormone with fundamental influence on energy homeostasis. Despite the potential existence of multiple subtypes of ghrelin receptor, the effects of ghrelin on energy metabolism, obesity, and diabetes are mediated by its classical receptor GHS-R1a, whose activation requires the n-octanoylation of ghrelin. Here we review the current understanding of the role of the ghrelin receptor in the regulation of energy homeostasis. An overview of the ghrelin receptor is presented first, followed by the discussion on its effects on food intake, glucose homeostasis, and lipid metabolism. Finally, potential strategies for treating obesity and diabetes via manipulation of the ghrelin/ghrelin receptor axis are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziru Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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McCoull W, Barton P, Broo A, Brown AJH, Clarke DS, Coope G, Davies RDM, Dossetter AG, Kelly EE, Knerr L, MacFaul P, Holmes JL, Martin N, Moore JE, Morgan D, Newton C, Österlund K, Robb GR, Rosevere E, Selmi N, Stokes S, Svensson TS, Ullah VBK, Williams EJ. Identification of pyrazolo-pyrimidinones as GHS-R1a antagonists and inverse agonists for the treatment of obesity. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20340e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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16
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Zhang X, Zhang G, Liao YC, Weeks BL, Zhang Z. Embossing of organic thin films using a surfactant assisted lift-off technique. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 387:175-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of indolinone derivatives as novel ghrelin receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:5623-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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18
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Identification of spirocyclic piperidine-azetidine inverse agonists of the ghrelin receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4281-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Acute oral toxicity evaluations of some zinc(II) complexes derived from 1-(2-salicylaldiminoethyl)piperazine Schiff bases in rats. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:1393-1404. [PMID: 22408397 PMCID: PMC3291966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13021393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study described the synthesis and the in vivo acute oral toxicity evaluations in Sprague Dawley rats. The compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, LC-MS, FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and UV-visible spectroscopy. In the acute toxicity study, a single administration of the compounds was performed orally to the rats at the single doses of 2000 mg/kg and they were then monitored for possible side effects, mortality or behavioral changes up to 14 days. The serum level of aspartate (AST), alanine aminotransferases (ALT), alkaline phosphate (ALP), triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), immunoglobulins (GAM) and the C-reactive proteins did not significantly change. The hematological indices white blood cells (WBC), haematocrit (HCT), red blood cells (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were within the normal range. The renal function indices examined were also within the reference range. Generally, the compounds exhibited low toxic effects as required for further in vivo therapeutic studies.
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Rediger A, Piechowski CL, Habegger K, Grüters A, Krude H, Tschöp MH, Kleinau G, Biebermann H. MC4R dimerization in the paraventricular nucleus and GHSR/MC3R heterodimerization in the arcuate nucleus: is there relevance for body weight regulation? Neuroendocrinology 2012; 95:277-88. [PMID: 22327910 DOI: 10.1159/000334903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide obesity epidemic is increasing, yet at this time, no long-acting and specific pharmaceutical therapies are available. Peripheral hormonal signals communicate metabolic status to the hypothalamus by activating their corresponding receptors in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). In this brain region, a variety of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are expressed that are potentially involved in weight regulation, but so far, the detailed function of most hypothalamic GPCRs is only partially understood. An important and underappreciated feature of GPCRs is the capacity for regulation via di- and heterodimerization. Increasing evidence implicates that heterodimerization of GPCRs results in profound functional consequences. Recently, we could demonstrate that interaction of the melanocortin 3 receptor (MC3R) and the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR)-1a results in a modulation of function in both receptors. Although the physiological role of GPCR-GPCR interaction in the hypothalamus is yet to be elucidated, this concept promises new avenues for investigation and understanding of hypothalamic functions dependent on GPCR signaling. Since GPCRs are important targets for drugs to combat many diseases, identification of heterodimers may be a prerequisite for highly specific drugs. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms and their involvement in weight regulation is necessary. Fundamental to this understanding is the interplay of GPCR-GPCR in the hypothalamic nuclei in energy metabolism. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on melanocortin receptors and GHSR-1a in hypothalamic weight regulation, especially as they pertain to possible drug targets. Furthermore, we include available evidence for the participation and significance of GPCR dimerization.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Appetite Regulation/physiology
- Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus/anatomy & histology
- Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus/metabolism
- Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus/physiology
- Body Weight/physiology
- Humans
- Models, Biological
- Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/anatomy & histology
- Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/metabolism
- Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/physiology
- Protein Multimerization/physiology
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3/metabolism
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3/physiology
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/metabolism
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/physiology
- Receptors, Ghrelin/metabolism
- Receptors, Ghrelin/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rediger
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
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Delporte C. Recent advances in potential clinical application of ghrelin in obesity. J Obes 2012; 2012:535624. [PMID: 22523666 PMCID: PMC3317165 DOI: 10.1155/2012/535624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin is the natural ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R1a). Ghrelin is a 28 amino acid peptide possessing a unique acylation on the serine in position 3 catalyzed by ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT). Ghrelin stimulates growth hormone secretion, but also appetite, food intake, weight gain, and gastric emptying. Ghrelin is involved in weight regulation, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, a better understanding of ghrelin biology led to the identification of molecular targets modulating ghrelin levels and/or its biological effects: GOAT, ghrelin, and GHS-R1a. Furthermore, a recent discovery, showing the involvement of bitter taste receptor T2R in ghrelin secretion and/or synthesis and food intake, suggested that T2R could represent an additional interesting molecular target. Several classes of ghrelin-related pharmacological tools for the treatment of obesity have been or could be developed to modulate the identified molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- *Christine Delporte:
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Patterson M, Bloom SR, Gardiner JV. Ghrelin and appetite control in humans--potential application in the treatment of obesity. Peptides 2011; 32:2290-4. [PMID: 21835215 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin is a peptide hormone secreted into circulation from the stomach. It has been postulated to act as a signal of hunger. Ghrelin administration acutely increases energy intake in lean and obese humans and chronically induces weight gain and adiposity in rodents. Circulating ghrelin levels are elevated by fasting and suppressed following a meal. Inhibiting ghrelin signaling therefore appears an attractive target for anti-obesity therapies. A number of different approaches to inhibiting the ghrelin system to treat obesity have been explored. Despite this, over a decade after its discovery, no ghrelin based anti-obesity therapies are close to reaching the market. This article discusses the role of ghrelin in appetite control in humans, examines different approaches to inhibiting the ghrelin system and assesses their potential as anti-obesity therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Patterson
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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Jida M, Soueidan M, Willand N, Agbossou-Niedercorn F, Pelinski L, Laconde G, Deprez-Poulain R, Deprez B. A facile and rapid synthesis of N-benzyl-2-substituted piperazines. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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