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Ding C, Wang Z, Dou X, Yang Q, Ning Y, Kao S, Sang X, Hao M, Wang K, Peng M, Zhang S, Han X, Cao G. Farnesoid X receptor: From Structure to Function and Its Pharmacology in Liver Fibrosis. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.0830. [PMID: 37815898 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, plays a crucial role in regulating bile acid metabolism within the enterohepatic circulation. Beyond its involvement in metabolic disorders and immune imbalances affecting various tissues, FXR is implicated in microbiota modulation, gut- to-brain communication, and liver disease. The liver, as a pivotal metabolic and detoxification organ, is susceptible to damage from factors such as alcohol, viruses, drugs, and high-fat diets. Chronic or recurrent liver injury can culminate in liver fibrosis, which, if left untreated, may progress to cirrhosis and even liver cancer, posing significant health risks. However, therapeutic options for liver fibrosis remain limited in terms of FDA- approved drugs. Recent insights into the structure of FXR, coupled with animal and clinical investigations, have shed light on its potential pharmacological role in hepatic fibrosis. Progress has been achieved in both fundamental research and clinical applications. This review critically examines recent advancements in FXR research, highlighting challenges and potential mechanisms underlying its role in liver fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Jinhua Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jinhua, China
| | - Zeping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Dou
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Ning
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shi Kao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianan Sang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kuilong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyun Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuosheng Zhang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xin Han
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Jinhua Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jinhua, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Jinhua Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jinhua, China
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2
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She J, Gu T, Pang X, Liu Y, Tang L, Zhou X. Natural Products Targeting Liver X Receptors or Farnesoid X Receptor. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:772435. [PMID: 35069197 PMCID: PMC8766425 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.772435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a superfamily of transcription factors induced by ligands and also function as integrators of hormonal and nutritional signals. Among NRs, the liver X receptors (LXRs) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) have been of significance as targets for the treatment of metabolic syndrome-related diseases. In recent years, natural products targeting LXRs and FXR have received remarkable interests as a valuable source of novel ligands encompassing diverse chemical structures and bioactive properties. This review aims to survey natural products, originating from terrestrial plants and microorganisms, marine organisms, and marine-derived microorganisms, which could influence LXRs and FXR. In the recent two decades (2000-2020), 261 natural products were discovered from natural resources such as LXRs/FXR modulators, 109 agonists and 38 antagonists targeting LXRs, and 72 agonists and 55 antagonists targeting FXR. The docking evaluation of desired natural products targeted LXRs/FXR is finally discussed. This comprehensive overview will provide a reference for future study of novel LXRs and FXR agonists and antagonists to target human diseases, and attract an increasing number of professional scholars majoring in pharmacy and biology with more in-depth discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglian She
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tanwei Gu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Pang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Tang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
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3
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Wu J, Zhang F, Ruan H, Chang X, Wang J, Li Z, Jin W, Shi Y. Integrating Network Pharmacology and RT-qPCR Analysis to Investigate the Mechanisms Underlying ZeXie Decoction-Mediated Treatment of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:722016. [PMID: 34566646 PMCID: PMC8458890 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.722016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
ZeXie Decoction (ZXD) is a traditional Chinese medicine composed of Alisma orientalis (Sam.) Juzep. and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. ZXD has been widely used to treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The mechanistic basis for the pharmacological activity of ZXD, however, remains poorly understood. In this study, we used a network pharmacology approach and investigated the association between ZXD and NAFLD. We identified the active ingredients of ZXD and screened the potential targets of these ingredients, after which a database of relevant NAFLD-related targets were constructed and several enrichment analyses were performed. Furthermore, the ethanol and aqueous extracts of ZXD were prepared and experimental pharmacology validation was conducted using RT-qPCR of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. As a result, a herb-compound-target-pathway network model was developed, and HMGCR, SREBP-2, MAPK1, and NF-κBp65 targets were validated. The gene expression results of these four targets were consistent with those of the network pharmacology prediction. Using an integration strategy, we revealed that ZXD could treat NAFLD by targeting HMGCR, SREBP-2, MAPK1, and NF-κBp65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashuo Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fangqing Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haonan Ruan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxun Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyi Jin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,College of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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4
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Xiao PT, Liu SY, Kuang YJ, Jiang ZM, Lin Y, Xie ZS, Liu EH. Network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation to explore the mechanism of sea buckthorn flavonoids on hyperlipidemia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113380. [PMID: 32918994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sea buckthorn is popularly used as a herbal medicine and food additive in the world. Sea buckthorn flavonoids (SF) is reported to have an ameliorative effect on obesity and hyperlipidemia (HLP). AIM To identify the major bioactive compounds and the lipid-lowering mechanism of SF. METHODS We used network pharmacology analysis and in vitro experiments to identify the major bioactive compounds and the lipid-lowering mechanism of SF. RESULTS A total of 12 bioactive compounds, 60 targets related to SF and HLP were identified, and a component-target-disease network was constructed. The KEGG analysis revealed that SF regulated cholesterol metabolism, fat digestion and absorption, and PPAR signaling pathways in HLP. The experimental validation indicated that sea buckthorn flavonoids extract (SFE) and 4 bioactive compounds reduced lipid droplet accumulation, up-regulated the mRNA expression of PPAR-γ, PPAR-α, ABCA1 and CPT1A, etc, down-regulated SREBP-2 and its target gene LDLR, which are closely related to cholesterol conversion into bile acids, de novo synthesis and fatty acids oxidation. The major bioactive flavonoid isorhamnetin (ISOR) also increased the protein expression of PPAR-γ, LXRα and CYP7A1. CONCLUSION SF might promote cholesterol transformation into bile acids and cholesterol efflux, inhibit cholesterol de novo synthesis and accelerate fatty acids oxidation for ameliorating HLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ting Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Shi-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yu-Jia Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zheng-Meng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhi-Shen Xie
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, PR China.
| | - E-Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, PR China.
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5
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Shi Q, Zhang Q, Xiang X, Tian J, Xie Y, Jin S, Yuan E, Huang R, Song C. The Hypolipidemic Effect of Active Components in the Decoction of Alisma Orientale and their Chemical Structures Characterized by LC-QTOF-MS/MS. CURR PHARM ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412915666190207151908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The decoction of Alisma orientale is used as a traditional medicine for the
treatment of hyperlipidemia in China with a long clinical history. The present study undertook a detailed
investigation to compare the hypolipidemic effect and chemical composition of two extracts of
Alisma orientale prepared by boiling water and organic reagent, respectively.
Methods:
The hyperlipidemic mice were induced by administration of a High-Fat Diet (HFD) for one
month. The body weight of mice and the serum Cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
(HDL-C), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)
and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were determined. Meanwhile, the chemical constituents of
the extracts were characterized using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry
(LC-QTOF-MS/MS).
Results:
The better hypolipidemic effect was observed in mice administered with the decoction compared
to that of methanol extract. In addition, the liver protective effects were confirmed by the photographs
stained with oil red lipid stain. As for the chemical constituents in the extracts, twenty major
components were identified or characterized using LC-QTOF-MS/MS. Among them, eight oligopeptides
were characterized for the first time and proved to only exist in the decoction of Alisma orientale.
Conclusion:
It is reasonable to assume that the oligopeptides may partially contribute to the hypolipidemic
effect of Alisma orientale. The structural characterization procedures also provide a suitable
method to analyze oligopeptide analogues in plant samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | | | - Xingliang Xiang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ji Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yun Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuna Jin
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection; and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - En Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rongzeng Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chengwu Song
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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6
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Baek ME, Jo Y, Chung N, Choi M, Kim JO, Won J, Lee SH, Kwon JH. Effect of E-Beam Irradiation on Microbial Load, Stability of Active Components, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cnidii Rhizoma and Alismatis Rhizoma. J Med Food 2019; 22:1067-1077. [PMID: 31403348 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To reduce microbial loads in medicinal herbs, Cnidii Rhizoma and Alismatis Rhizoma were subjected to electron-beam (e-beam) irradiation at doses (≤10 kGy) as permitted by the Korean Food Code. The effects of e-beam irradiation on the microbial load, stability of the active components, and anti-inflammatory activity of medicinal herbs were determined. We observed that the total aerobic bacteria (TAB; 4.0-7.0 log CFU/g), yeasts and molds (Y&M; 3.3-6.8 log CFU/g), and coliform counts (CC; 3.2-3.8 log CFU/g) in both herb samples were effectively reduced in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in acceptable levels of <3.0 log CFU/g in TAB and Y&M and negative in CC at 10 kGy irradiation. The concentration of the active components (0.87-4.22 mg/g) of Cnidii Rhizoma, including z-ligustilide, chlorogenic acid, senkyunolide A, and ferulic acid, in order of prevalence and those (0.86-2.76 mg/g) of Alismatis Rhizoma, including Alisol B acetate and Alisol B, were not changed at irradiation doses of ≤10 kGy. The extracts of e-beam irradiated Cnidii Rhizoma and Alismatis Rhizoma showed a reduced production of inflammation-related factors, such as nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, in a concentration-dependent manner, which was induced by lipopolysaccharide in RAW 264.7 cell. However, there was no significant difference observed at e-beam irradiation doses of 0, 1, 5, and 10 kGy. Thus, we confirm that e-beam irradiation up to 10 kGy was effective for the control of microbial load in Cnidii Rhizoma and Alismatis Rhizoma without causing considerable changes in their major active components and anti-inflammatory activity. The results show the potential of e-beam application for sanitization of medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Eun Baek
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Quality Certification Center, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yunhee Jo
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Namhyeok Chung
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Minji Choi
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung-Ok Kim
- Quality Certification Center, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jaehee Won
- Quality Certification Center, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Joong-Ho Kwon
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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7
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Jin Q, Zhang J, Hou J, Lei M, Liu C, Wang X, Huang Y, Yao S, Hwang BY, Wu W, Guo D. Novel C-17 spirost protostane-type triterpenoids from Alisma plantago-aquatica with anti-inflammatory activity in Caco-2 cells. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:809-818. [PMID: 31384540 PMCID: PMC6664094 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty-one protostane-type triterpenoids with diverse structures, including nine new compounds (1-9), were isolated from the of Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn. Structurally, alisolides A‒F (1-6), composed of an oxole group coupled to a five-membered ring, represent unusual C-17 spirost protostane-type triterpenoids. Alisolide H (8) is a novel triterpenoid with an unreported endoperoxide bridge. Alisolide I (9) represents the first example of 23,24-acetal triterpenoid. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic analysis, wherein the absolute configurations of 4‒6, 8 were further confirmed by the Mo2(OAc)4-induced ECD method. Furthermore, all isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO production in Caco-2 cells, and all the compounds showed remarkable inhibitory activities, with IC50 values in the range of 0.76-38.20 μmol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghao Jin
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jinjun Hou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Min Lei
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuai Yao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bang Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 2816, South Korea
| | - Wanying Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dean Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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8
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De Marino S, Festa C, Sepe V, Zampella A. Chemistry and Pharmacology of GPBAR1 and FXR Selective Agonists, Dual Agonists, and Antagonists. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 256:137-165. [PMID: 31201554 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the recent years, bile acid receptors FXR and GPBAR1 have attracted the interest of scientific community and companies, as they proved promising targets for the treatment of several diseases, ranging from liver cholestatic disorders to metabolic syndrome, inflammatory states, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and diabetes.Consequently, the development of dual FXR/GPBAR1 agonists, as well as selective targeting of one of these receptors, is considered a hopeful possibility in the treatment of these disorders. Because endogenous bile acids and steroidal ligands, which cover the same chemical space of bile acids, often target both receptor families, speculation on nonsteroidal ligands represents a promising and innovative strategy to selectively target GPBAR1 or FXR.In this review, we summarize the most recent acquisition on natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic steroidal and nonsteroidal ligands, able to interact with FXR and GPBAR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona De Marino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Festa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Sepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Zampella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
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9
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Huo XK, Liu J, Yu ZL, Wang YF, Wang C, Tian XG, Ning J, Feng L, Sun CP, Zhang BJ, Ma XC. Alisma orientale extract exerts the reversing cholestasis effect by activation of farnesoid X receptor. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 42:34-42. [PMID: 29655695 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholestasis is a clinical syndrome of liver damage that is caused by accumulation of bile acids in the liver and systemic circulation. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) can regulate synthesis, metabolism, and excretion of bile acids. The rhizomes of Alisma orientale is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine to treat edema, obesity, gonorrhea, leukorrhea, diarrhea, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes in China. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE We hypothesized Alisma orientale extract (AOE) to exert hepatoprotective effect against α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) induced cholestasis in rat. We aimed to investigate the mechanism of AOE. STUDY DESIGN Male Sprague Dawley rats with intrahepatic cholestasis induced by ANIT were treated with AOE (150, 300, or 600 mg/kg). Rats receiving vehicle (0.5% CMC-Na) served as control. METHODS 48 h after ANIT administration, rats were sacrificed. Blood was collected to obtain serum and livers were removed for histopathology and protein preparation. Biochemical indicators in serum were determined using commercial kits and triterpenoids were determined by liquid chromatography tandem Qtrap mass spectrometry. Proteomics was analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem ion-trap mass spectrometry. The differently expressed proteins were analyzed via the network database and verified by western blotting. The interaction between triterpenoids and FXR were evaluated by luciferase assay and molecular docking. RESULTS AOE treatment significantly decreased the serum AST, ALT, TBIL, and intrahepatic TBA and improved the liver pathologic change induced by ANIT. Proteomics analysis indicated that AOE regulated proteins related to bile acid homeostasis via activating farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling pathway. Luciferase assay and molecular docking results indicated that triterpenoids could activate FXR, which resulting in ameliorative accumulation of bile acids in the liver by increase of metabolism and transportation for bile acids, and decrease of synthesis for bile acids. CONCLUSION AOE protected against rat liver injury and cholestasis induced by ANIT by activation of farnesoid X receptor, suggesting that A. orientale could be regarded as a potential hepatoprotective drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Kui Huo
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhen-Long Yu
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiang-Ge Tian
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jing Ning
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lei Feng
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Cheng-Peng Sun
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Bao-Jing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China; Liaoning Engineering Technology Centre of Target-based Nature Products for Prevention and Treatment of Ageing-related Neurodegeneration, Basic Medical College, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China.
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10
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Hiebl V, Ladurner A, Latkolik S, Dirsch VM. Natural products as modulators of the nuclear receptors and metabolic sensors LXR, FXR and RXR. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1657-1698. [PMID: 29548878 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) represent attractive targets for the treatment of metabolic syndrome-related diseases. In addition, natural products are an interesting pool of potential ligands since they have been refined under evolutionary pressure to interact with proteins or other biological targets. This review aims to briefly summarize current basic knowledge regarding the liver X (LXR) and farnesoid X receptors (FXR) that form permissive heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXR). Natural product-based ligands for these receptors are summarized and the potential of LXR, FXR and RXR as targets in precision medicine is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Hiebl
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Angela Ladurner
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Simone Latkolik
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena M Dirsch
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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11
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Dou F, Miao H, Wang JW, Chen L, Wang M, Chen H, Wen AD, Zhao YY. An Integrated Lipidomics and Phenotype Study Reveals Protective Effect and Biochemical Mechanism of Traditionally Used Alisma orientale Juzepzuk in Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:53. [PMID: 29472858 PMCID: PMC5809464 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alisma orientale Juzepzuk (AO) is widely used for various diuretic and nephropathic treatments in traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). In a clinical setting, AO is used as both a lipid-lowering and tubular interstitial fibrosis agent. However, the mechanisms of AO for the treatment of renal interstitial fibrosis and abnormal lipid metabolism are not well-understood. In this study, pharmacological and UPLC-HDMS-based lipidomic approaches were employed to investigate the lipid-lowering and tubular interstitial fibrosis effect of AO on rats with adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Rats with CKD showed increased serum levels of creatinine and urea, tubular damage, and tubular interstitial fibrosis. Moreover, multiple lipid species were identified in CKD rats. Among these lipids, polyunsaturated fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, 8,9-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid levels were significantly decreased in CKD rats compared to control rats. In CKD rats, up-regulation of the NF-κB pathway may impair polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism, causing renal fibrosis. In addition, CKD rats showed significantly decreased diglyceride levels and increased triglyceride levels compared to the control group. Pathway over-representation analysis demonstrated that 30 metabolic pathways were associated with lipid species. AO treatment suppressed up-regulation of inflammation, and partly restored the deregulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and glycerolipids metabolism. Our results indicated that AO treatment attenuated renal fibrosis by down-regulating inflammation, and mitigating lipid metabolism in CKD rats. In conclusion, this study has identified the therapeutic lipid-lowering and anti-fibrosis effects of AO on CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Dou
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Miao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing-Wen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ai-Dong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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12
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Zhang J, Jin Q, Li S, Wu J, Wang Z, Hou J, Qu H, Long H, Wu W, Guo D. Orientalol L–P, novel sesquiterpenes from the rhizome of Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep and their nephrotoxicity on HK2 cells. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02027b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Two new sesquiterpenes and three new nor-sesquiterpenes from the rhizome of Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep, and their nephrotoxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
| | - Qinghao Jin
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Shiyou Li
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine
- Beijing Institute of Genomics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100101
- China
| | - Jia Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine
- Beijing Institute of Genomics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100101
- China
| | - Jinjun Hou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Hua Qu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Huali Long
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Wanying Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Dean Guo
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
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13
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Xu W, Li X, Lin N, Zhang X, Huang X, Wu T, Tai Y, Chen S, Wu CH, Huang M, Wu S. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of five major triterpenoids after oral administration of Rhizoma Alismatis extract to rats using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 146:314-323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Zhang LL, Xu W, Xu YL, Chen X, Huang M, Lu JJ. Therapeutic potential of Rhizoma Alismatis: a review on ethnomedicinal application, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1401:90-101. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Le-Le Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Pharmacy; Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Fuzhou China
| | - Yu-Lian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao China
| | - Mingqing Huang
- College of Pharmacy; Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Fuzhou China
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao China
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15
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Luo Y, Wang Q, Zhang Y. A systems pharmacology approach to decipher the mechanism of danggui-shaoyao-san decoction for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 178:66-81. [PMID: 26680587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is a time-dependent course for a sequence of conditions that primarily impact the neurons in the human brain, ultimately, resulting in persistence and progressive degeneration and / or death of nerve cells and reduction of cognition and memory function. Currently, there are no therapeutic approaches to cure neurodegeneration, except certain medicines that temporarily alleviate symptoms, facilitating the improvement of a patients' quality of life. Danggui-shaoyao-san (DSS), as a famous Chinese herbal formula, has been widely used in the treatment of various illnesses, including neurodegenerative diseases. Although well-practiced in clinical medicine, the mechanisms involved in DSS for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases remain elusive. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, a novel systems pharmacology approach was developed to decipher the potential mechanism between DSS and neurodegenerative disorders, implicated in oral bioavailability screening, drug-likeness assessment, target identification and network analysis. RESULTS Based on a comprehensive systems approach, active compounds of DSS, relevant potential targets and targets associated with diseases were predicted. Active compounds, targets and diseases were used to construct biological networks, such as, compound-target interactions and target-disease networks, to decipher the mechanisms of DSS to address NDs. CONCLUSIONS Overall, a well-understood picture of DSS, hallmarked by multiple herbs-compounds-targets-pathway-cooperation networks for the treatment of NDs, was revealed. Notably, this systems pharmacology approach provided a novel in silico approach for the development paradigm of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the generation of new strategies for the management of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Luo
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Yongbin Zhang
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
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16
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Li S, Jin S, Song C, Chen C, Zhang Y, Xiang Y, Xu Y, Feng Y, Wan Q, Jiang H. The metabolic change of serum lysophosphatidylcholines involved in the lipid lowering effect of triterpenes from Alismatis rhizoma on high-fat diet induced hyperlipidemia mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 177:10-18. [PMID: 26584875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Alismatis rhizoma (AR), a Traditional Chinese Medicine with lipid-regulating properties, is usually used to treat hyperlipidemia. Lysophosphatidylcholines (Lyso PCs) play a crucial role in lipid metabolism disorders. In this study, the triterpene fraction purified from boiling water extract of AR was evaluated for its lipid lowering activity using mice with high-fat diet (HFD) induced hyperlipidemia. The metabolic changes of individual Lyso PCs treated with the triterpene fraction were detected by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometer (UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS). MATERIALS AND METHODS HFD induced hyperlipidemia mice were administrated with triterpene and non-triterpene fractions at doses of 180, 360 and 720 mg/kg body weight/day for 4 weeks, respectively. Total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and atherogenic Index (AI) in mice serum were measured. The chemical components in the lipid-lowering fraction were characterized by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). The changes of Lyso PC in the serum of mice treated with the lipid-lowering fraction were quantified by UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS. RESULTS A total of 18 alisol derivatives were identified in the triterpene fraction. The hyperlipidemia mice treated with the triterpene fraction showed a significant decrease in serum TC, LDL-C and AI after continuous consumption of HFD for 4 weeks. The results also showed that 27 serum Lyso PCs in mice fed with HFD were down-regulated, and 19 were up-regulated. The abnormal serum level of Lyso PCs associated with hyperlipidemia was intervened by the alisol derivatives, with increase of unsaturated Lyso PCs and decrease of saturated ones. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated for the first time that triterpenes from the AR extract can lower serum lipid level in HFD induced hyperlipidemia mice. These metabolism changes of Lyso PCs could further improve our understanding of the potential mechanism of lipid lowering effect of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Li
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Shuna Jin
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Chengwu Song
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yi Xiang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Medical Research Center, Humanwell Healthcare (Group) Co., Ltd, 666 Gao Xin Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430075, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qian Wan
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Hongliang Jiang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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17
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Meng Q, Chen XL, Wang CY, Liu Q, Sun HJ, Sun PY, Huo XK, Liu ZH, Yao JH, Liu KX. Alisol B 23-acetate protects against ANIT-induced hepatotoxity and cholestasis, due to FXR-mediated regulation of transporters and enzymes involved in bile acid homeostasis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 283:178-86. [PMID: 25655198 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholestasis is a clinical syndrome with systemic and intrahepatic accumulation of excessive toxic bile acids that ultimately cause hepatobiliary injury. Appropriate regulation of bile acids in hepatocytes is critically important for protection against liver injury. In the present study, we characterized the protective effect of alisol B 23-acetate (AB23A), a natural triterpenoid, on alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced liver injury and intrahepatic cholestasis in mice and further elucidated the mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. AB23A treatment dose-dependently protected against liver injury induced by ANIT through reducing hepatic uptake and increasing efflux of bile acid via down-regulation of hepatic uptake transporters (Ntcp) and up-regulation of efflux transporter (Bsep, Mrp2 and Mdr2) expression. Furthermore, AB23A reduced bile acid synthesis through repressing Cyp7a1 and Cyp8b1, increased bile acid conjugation through inducing Bal, Baat and bile acid metabolism through an induction in gene expression of Sult2a1. We further demonstrate the involvement of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in the hepatoprotective effect of AB23A. The changes in transporters and enzymes, as well as ameliorative liver histology in AB23A-treated mice were abrogated by FXR antagonist guggulsterone in vivo. In vitro evidences also directly demonstrated the effect of AB23A on FXR activation in a dose-dependent manner using luciferase reporter assay in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, AB23A produces protective effect against ANIT-induced hepatotoxity and cholestasis, due to FXR-mediated regulation of transporters and enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Xin-Li Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Chang-Yuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Hui-Jun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Peng-Yuan Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Xiao-Kui Huo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Ji-Hong Yao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Ke-Xin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China.
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18
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Tian T, Chen H, Zhao YY. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and quality control of Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep: a review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 158 Pt A:373-387. [PMID: 25446590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhizoma alismatis (simplified as RA, "Zexie" in Chinese, ) is a well-known natural medicine with long history in Chinese medicine. As a traditional medicine in China, RA is an important part of many prescriptions and has been commonly used for treating a wide range of ailments related to dysuria, edema, nephropathy, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, inflammation as well as tumor in clinical applications. Based on scientific literatures, the present paper aims to provide comprehensive and up-to date information about the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and quality control of RA as well as critical analysis of the research. The review will provide a new foundation and direction for the further studies of RA. MATERIALS AND METHODS All available information about RA was supplied by library database and electronic search (ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Pubmed, Google Scholar, etc.). The different types of useful information were collected and arranged in corresponding part of the paper. RESULTS Phytochemical studies showed that the main chemical composition of RA was the terpenoid including sesquiterpene, diterpene and triterpene. The crude extracts and isolated compounds from RA showed diverse pharmacological activities including diuretic, nephroprotective, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. However, high-dose or long-term use of RA can lead to water-electrolyte imbalance, bloody urine, acidosis and even hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity, which have been proven by several studies. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacological researches show RA possessing various bioactivities including diuresis, nephroprotective effect, anti-hyperlipidemia, etc. However, more bioactive components especially diuretic and nephroprotective compounds need to be isolated and identified, and more rigorous researches on action mechanisms are required. More experiments in vitro or in vivo and clinical studies are encouraged to clarify correlation between traditional uses and modern applications, and the toxicity need to be further and precisely explored. In addition, a standardized fingerprint for RA is indispensable and emergent. These achievements will further expand to therapeutic potential and usage of RA and provide a powerful support for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Tian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China.
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19
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Lin HR. Lepidozenolide from the liverwort Lepidozia fauriana acts as a farnesoid X receptor agonist. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2014; 17:149-158. [PMID: 25315435 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2014.964689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lepidozenolide is a sesquiterpenoid isolated from the liverwort Lepidozia fauriana and its possible bioactivity is unclear. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a member of nuclear receptor superfamily that has been widely targeted for developing treatments for chronic liver disease and hyperglycemia. In this study, whether lepidozenolide may act as a FXR agonist was determined. Indeed, in mammalian one-hybrid and transient transfection reporter assays, lepidozenolide transactivated FXR to modulate promoter action including GAL4, CYP7A1, and PLTP promoters in a dose-dependent manner, while it exhibited slightly less agonistic activity than chenodeoxycholic acid, an endogenous FXR agonist. Through the molecular modeling docking studies lepidozenolide was shown to bind to FXR ligand binding pocket fairly well. All these results indicate that lepidozenolide acts as a FXR agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Ru Lin
- a Department of Chemistry , College of Science, National Kaohsiung Normal University , Kaohsiung 82446 , Taiwan
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20
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Meng Q, Chen X, Wang C, Liu Q, Sun H, Sun P, Peng J, Liu K. Alisol B 23-acetate promotes liver regeneration in mice after partial hepatectomy via activating farnesoid X receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92:289-98. [PMID: 25278094 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Liver resection has become a common treatment for liver tumors and hepatocellular carcinoma over the past decades. However, after surgery, the remnant livers in some patients fail to regenerate. Therefore, there is an urgent medical need to develop drugs that can promote liver regeneration. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the promotive effect of alisol B 23-acetate (AB23A) on liver regeneration in mice following partial hepatectomy (PH), and further elucidate the involvement of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in the liver regeneration-promotive effect using in vivo and in vitro experiments. The results showed that AB23A dose-dependently promoted hepatocyte proliferation via upregulating hepatocyte proliferation-related protein forkhead box M1b (FoxM1b), Cyclin D1 and Cyclin B1 expression, and attenuated liver injury via an inhibition in Cyp7a1 and an induction in efflux transporters Bsep expression resulting in reduced hepatic bile acid levels. These changes in the genes, as well as accelerated liver regeneration in AB23A-treated mice were abrogated by FXR antagonist guggulsterone in vivo. In vitro evidences also directly showed the regulation of these genes by AB23A was abrogated when FXR was silenced. Luciferase reporter assay in HepG2 cells and molecular docking further demonstrated the effect of AB23A on FXR activation in vitro. In conclusions, AB23A produces promotive effect on liver regeneration, due to FXR-mediated regulation of genes involved in hepatocyte proliferation and hepato-protection. AB23A has the potential to be a novel therapeutic option for facilitating efficient liver regeneration in patients subjected to liver resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xinli Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Pengyuan Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian 116044, China.
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21
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Cryptochinones from Cryptocarya chinensis act as farnesoid X receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:4181-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Lin HR. Triterpenes from Alisma orientalis act as androgen receptor agonists, progesterone receptor antagonists, and glucocorticoid receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3626-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Evaluation of a crataegus-based multiherb formula for dyslipidemia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:365742. [PMID: 24834096 PMCID: PMC4009229 DOI: 10.1155/2014/365742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. We for the first time examined the effects of a multiherb formula containing Crataegus pinnatifida (1 g daily), Alisma orientalis, Stigma maydis, Ganoderma lucidum, Polygonum multiflorum, and Morus alba on plasma lipid and glucose levels in Chinese patients with dyslipidemia. Methods. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 42 patients were randomized at a ratio of 1 : 1 to receive the herbal formula or placebo for 12 weeks and 40 patients completed the study. Lipid profiles, glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and laboratory safety parameters were performed before and after treatment. Results. The difference in the changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels between placebo and active treatment (-9%) was significantly (P < 0.05) better with active treatment. HbA1c levels significantly decreased by -3.9% in the active treatment group, but the change was not significantly different from that with placebo (-1.1%) (P = 0.098). There were no apparent adverse effects or changes in laboratory safety parameters with either treatment. Conclusions. The multiherb formula had mild beneficial effects on plasma LDL-C after 12-weeks treatment in subjects with dyslipidemia without any noticeable adverse effects.
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Sindhu T, Srinivasan P. Pharmacophore modeling, 3D-QSAR and molecular docking studies of benzimidazole derivatives as potential FXR agonists. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2014; 34:241-53. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2014.885048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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