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Champiré A, Berabez R, Braka A, Cosson A, Corret J, Girardin C, Serrano A, Aci-Sèche S, Bonnet P, Josselin B, Brindeau P, Ruchaud S, Leguevel R, Chatterjee D, Mathea S, Knapp S, Brion R, Verrecchia F, Vallée B, Plé K, Bénédetti H, Routier S. Tetrahydropyridine LIMK inhibitors: Structure activity studies and biological characterization. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116391. [PMID: 38669909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
LIM Kinases, LIMK1 and LIMK2, have become promising targets for the development of inhibitors with potential application for the treatment of several major diseases. LIMKs play crucial roles in cytoskeleton remodeling as downstream effectors of small G proteins of the Rho-GTPase family, and as major regulators of cofilin, an actin depolymerizing factor. In this article we describe the conception, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel tetrahydropyridine pyrrolopyrimidine LIMK inhibitors. Homology models were first constructed to better understand the binding mode of our preliminary compounds and to explain differences in biological activity. A library of over 60 products was generated and in vitro enzymatic activities were measured in the mid to low nanomolar range. The most promising derivatives were then evaluated in cell on cofilin phosphorylation inhibition which led to the identification of 52 which showed excellent selectivity for LIMKs in a kinase selectivity panel. We also demonstrated that 52 affected the cell cytoskeleton by disturbing actin filaments. Cell migration studies with this derivative using three different cell lines displayed a significant effect on cell motility. Finally, the crystal structure of the kinase domain of LIMK2 complexed with 52 was solved, greatly improving our understanding of the interaction between 52 and LIMK2 active site. The reported data represent a basis for the development of more efficient LIMK inhibitors for future in vivo preclinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Champiré
- ICOA, Université d'Orléans, CNRS UMR 7311, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Rayan Berabez
- ICOA, Université d'Orléans, CNRS UMR 7311, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Abdennour Braka
- ICOA, Université d'Orléans, CNRS UMR 7311, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Aurélie Cosson
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, 45071, Orléans, France
| | - Justine Corret
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, 45071, Orléans, France
| | - Caroline Girardin
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, 45071, Orléans, France
| | - Amandine Serrano
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, 45071, Orléans, France
| | - Samia Aci-Sèche
- ICOA, Université d'Orléans, CNRS UMR 7311, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Pascal Bonnet
- ICOA, Université d'Orléans, CNRS UMR 7311, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Béatrice Josselin
- Sorbonne Université / CNRS UMR 8227, Station Biologique, 29688, Roscoff, France
| | - Pierre Brindeau
- Sorbonne Université / CNRS UMR 8227, Station Biologique, 29688, Roscoff, France
| | - Sandrine Ruchaud
- Sorbonne Université / CNRS UMR 8227, Station Biologique, 29688, Roscoff, France
| | - Rémy Leguevel
- Plate-forme ImPACcell, UAR BIOSIT, Université de Rennes 1, 35043, Rennes, France
| | - Deep Chatterjee
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Goethe- University, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max von Lauestrasse 9, Goethe-University, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mathea
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Goethe- University, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max von Lauestrasse 9, Goethe-University, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Goethe- University, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max von Lauestrasse 9, Goethe-University, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Régis Brion
- CRCI(2)NA, INSERM, UMR 1307, CNRS, UMR 6075, Université de Nantes, 44035, Nantes, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Franck Verrecchia
- CRCI(2)NA, INSERM, UMR 1307, CNRS, UMR 6075, Université de Nantes, 44035, Nantes, France
| | - Béatrice Vallée
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, 45071, Orléans, France
| | - Karen Plé
- ICOA, Université d'Orléans, CNRS UMR 7311, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Hélène Bénédetti
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, 45071, Orléans, France.
| | - Sylvain Routier
- ICOA, Université d'Orléans, CNRS UMR 7311, 45067, Orléans, France.
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2
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LIM Kinases, Promising but Reluctant Therapeutic Targets: Chemistry and Preclinical Validation In Vivo. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132090. [PMID: 35805176 PMCID: PMC9265711 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
LIM Kinases are important actors in the regulation of cytoskeleton dynamics by controlling microtubule and actin filament turnover. The signaling pathways involving LIM kinases for actin filament remodeling are well established. They are downstream effectors of small G proteins of the Rho-GTPases family and have become promising targets for the treatment of several major diseases because of their position at the lower end of these signaling cascades. Cofilin, which depolymerizes actin filaments, is the best-known substrate of these enzymes. The phosphorylation of cofilin to its inactive form by LIM kinases avoids actin filament depolymerization. The balance between phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated cofilin is thought to play an important role in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Since 2006, many small molecules have been developed for LIMK inhibition, and in this review article, we will discuss the structure–activity relationships of the few inhibitor families that have been tested in vivo on different pathological models.
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Zhong W, Zhao L, Yang Z, Yu-Chian Chen C. Graph convolutional network approach to investigate potential selective Limk1 inhibitors. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 107:107965. [PMID: 34167067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.107965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Since the Limk1 is a promising drug target and few inhibitors with good Limk1/ROCK2 selectivity have been reported, discovering potential and selective Limk1 inhibitors with novel scaffolds is becoming an urgent need to develop new treatments for the related diseases. Here, we utilized molecular docking to screen potential compounds of Limk1 from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) database. Meanwhile, we performed a three-dimensional graph convolutional network (3DGCN), based on 3D molecular graph, to predict the inhibitory activity of Limk1 and ROCK2. Compared with the baseline models (RF, GCN and Weave), the 3DGCN achieved higher accuracy and the averaged RMSE values on test sets for Limk1 and ROCK2 were 0.721 and 0.852 respectively. In 3DGCN, above 80% of the test-set molecules from both two datasets were predicted within absolute error of 1.0 and the feature visualization suggested that it could automatically learn relevant structure features including 3D molecular information from a specific task for prediction. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations within 100 ns were employed to verify the stability of ligand-protein complexes and reveal the binding modes of the potential selective lead compounds of Limk1. Finally, integrating docking results, the predicted values by the 3DGCN and the MD analysis, we found that 7549 and 2007_15649 might be the potential and selective inhibitors for Limk1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihe Zhong
- Artificial Intelligence Medical Center, School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 510275, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Artificial Intelligence Medical Center, School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 510275, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510655, China
| | - Ziduo Yang
- Artificial Intelligence Medical Center, School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Calvin Yu-Chian Chen
- Artificial Intelligence Medical Center, School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 510275, China; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Cancer is known as one of the main causes of death in the world; and many compounds have been synthesized to date with potential use in cancer therapy. Thiazole is a versatile heterocycle, found in the structure of many drugs in use as well as anticancer agents. This review provides an overview of recent advances in thiazole-bearing compounds as anticancer agents with particular emphasis on their mechanism of action in cancerous cells. Chemical designs, structure–activity relationships and relevant preclinical properties have been comprehensively described.
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Lu H, Chen J, Luo Y, Xu H, Xiong L, Fu J. Curcolonol suppresses the motility of breast cancer cells by inhibiting LIM kinase 1 to downregulate cofilin 1 phosphorylation. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:2695-2704. [PMID: 30320377 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcolonol (CCL) is a furan type sesquiterpene isolated from several medical herbs. Based on previous results of anti-migratory activity screening, in this study, we investigated the effects of CCL on cancer cell motility. By in vitro migration assay, we found that CCL significantly inhibited the vertical and horizontal migration of breast cancer cells induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. In addition, CCL also exerted inhibitory effects on F-actin polymerization in breast cancer cells when the cells were dyed with phalloidin. Given the close association between F-actin and ADF/cofilin, the effects of CCL on the expression and phosphorylation of cofilin 1 were explored. It was observed that there were minimal changes in the expression of cofilin 1; however, the phosphorylation of cofilin 1 was significantly inhibited by CCL in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, CCL significantly inhibited the activity of LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1), although almost no effects were observed on LIMK1 expression and phosphorylation. However, the inhibitory effects of CCL on LIMK1 activity were antagonized and enhanced by the overexpression and knockdown of LIMK1, respectively. Based on the current data, it is thus suggested that the suppressive effects of CCL on breast cancer cell motility are due to its potential to reduce the phosphorylation of cofilin 1, which may be associated with the inhibition of the catalytic activity of LIMK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Network and Educational Technology Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, P.R. China
| | - Yongming Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, P.R. China
| | - Huanjun Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, P.R. China
| | - Ling Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, P.R. China
| | - Jianjiang Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, P.R. China
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Fu J, Yu J, Chen J, Xu H, Luo Y, Lu H. In vitro inhibitory properties of sesquiterpenes from Chloranthus serratus on cell motility via down-regulation of LIMK1 activation in human breast cancer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 49:23-31. [PMID: 30217259 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LIM kinase 1 plays an important role in tumor cell invasion and metastasis by regulating architecture of actin cytoskeleton, and inhibiting activity of this kinase may be a promising strategy to prevent cancer cells from distant spread. In our previous studies, we found several extracts from the medical herbs in genus Chloranthus to exhibit anti-metastatic effects. PURPOSE The aim of this study is to find LIMK1 inhibitors from Chloranthus serratus, a medical herb from genus Chloranthus and to evaluate their effects on cell motility. METHODS Three sesquiterpenes, chloranthalactone E (compound 1), serralactone A (compound 2, SERA is used in the further testing), and 8β, 9α-dihydroxylindan-4(5), 7(11)-dien-8α, 12-olide (compound 3) were isolated from Chloranthus serratus, and the anti-LIMK1 activities of these compounds were investigated by kinase-Glo® luminescent kinase assay. Then, the anti-LIMK1 properties of SERA were verified by kinase-Glo® luminescent kinase assay and western blot assay. The effects of SERA on F-actin polymerization and cell migration were investigated by Phalloidin dying, AP 48 chamber system and ORIS™ cell migration assay. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of SERA on LIMK1 were confirmed by overexpression of LIMK1 and small interfering RNA (siRNA) mediated gene silencing. RESULTS we reported here that among the three sesquiterpenes, SERA showed significantly inhibition on LIMK1 activity, and the IC50 values on MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells were 3.14 μM and 4.64 μM, respectively. Furthermore, it was also found that SERA significantly suppressed LIMK1 and cofilin1 phosphorylation, F-actin polymerization and also cell migration. Data from LIMK1 overexpression and RNA interfering assay confirmed that the inhibitory effects of SERA on LIMK1 was antagonized and enhanced by the overexpression and knockdown of LIMK1. CONCLUSION collectively, it was concluded that SERA exhibited significant inhibitory effects on breast cancer cells migration, and these effects of this sesquiterpene are due to its properties reducing the activation of LIM kinase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjiang Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Juanjuan Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Chemistry of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Huanjun Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- Department of Chemistry of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Network and Educational Technology Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 818 Meiling Rd, Nanchang 330004, China.
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7
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Manetti F. Recent advances in the rational design and development of LIM kinase inhibitors are not enough to enter clinical trials. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 155:445-458. [PMID: 29908439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
LIM kinases are involved in various pathophysiological processes that depend on actin organization. Alteration of microtubule dynamics by LIMK dysregulation is in fact related to tumor progression and metastasis, viral infection, and ocular diseases, such as glaucoma. As a consequence, many efforts have been done in recent years to rationally design small molecules able to inhibit LIMK activity selectively, without affecting other kinases. As a result, compounds optimized in terms of binding affinity and pharmacokinetic parameters have been discovered, that however failed to access clinical trials. In this review, a comprehensive survey of recent LIMK inhibitors is reported, together with SAR considerations and optimization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Manetti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), via A. Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
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8
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Prunier C, Prudent R, Kapur R, Sadoul K, Lafanechère L. LIM kinases: cofilin and beyond. Oncotarget 2018; 8:41749-41763. [PMID: 28445157 PMCID: PMC5522193 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
LIM kinases are common downstream effectors of several signalization pathways and function as a signaling node that controls cytoskeleton dynamics through the phosphorylation of the cofilin family proteins. These last 10 years, several reports indicate that the functions of LIM kinases are more extended than initially described and, specifically, that LIM kinases also control microtubule dynamics, independently of their regulation of actin microfilament. In this review we analyze the data supporting these conclusions and the possible mechanisms that could be involved in the control of microtubules by LIM kinases. The demonstration that LIM kinases also control microtubule dynamics has pointed to new therapeutic opportunities. Consistently, several new LIM kinase inhibitors have been recently developed. We provide a comprehensive comparison of these inhibitors, of their chemical structure, their specificity, their cellular effects as well as their effects in animal models of various diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Prunier
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM, CNRS UMR, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Reuben Kapur
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Karin Sadoul
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM, CNRS UMR, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Lafanechère
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM, CNRS UMR, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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9
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Currier MA, Stehn JR, Swain A, Chen D, Hook J, Eiffe E, Heaton A, Brown D, Nartker BA, Eaves DW, Kloss N, Treutlein H, Zeng J, Alieva IB, Dugina VB, Hardeman EC, Gunning PW, Cripe TP. Identification of Cancer-Targeted Tropomyosin Inhibitors and Their Synergy with Microtubule Drugs. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1555-1565. [PMID: 28522589 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Actin filaments, with their associated tropomyosin polymers, and microtubules are dynamic cytoskeletal systems regulating numerous cell functions. While antimicrotubule drugs are well-established, antiactin drugs have been more elusive. We previously targeted actin in cancer cells by inhibiting the function of a tropomyosin isoform enriched in cancer cells, Tpm3.1, using a first-in-class compound, TR100. Here, we screened over 200 other antitropomyosin analogues for anticancer and on-target activity using a series of in vitro cell-based and biochemical assays. ATM-3507 was selected as the new lead based on its ability to disable Tpm3.1-containing filaments, its cytotoxicity potency, and more favorable drug-like characteristics. We tested ATM-3507 and TR100 alone and in combination with antimicrotubule agents against neuroblastoma models in vitro and in vivo Both ATM-3507 and TR100 showed a high degree of synergy in vitro with vinca alkaloid and taxane antimicrotubule agents. In vivo, combination-treated animals bearing human neuroblastoma xenografts treated with antitropomyosin combined with vincristine showed minimal weight loss, a significant and profound regression of tumor growth and improved survival compared with control and either drug alone. Antitropomyosin combined with vincristine resulted in G2-M phase arrest, disruption of mitotic spindle formation, and cellular apoptosis. Our data suggest that small molecules targeting the actin cytoskeleton via tropomyosin sensitize cancer cells to antimicrotubule agents and are tolerated together in vivo This combination warrants further study. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(8); 1555-65. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Currier
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Justine R Stehn
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Novogen Pty Ltd, Hornsby, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Swain
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Duo Chen
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jeff Hook
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eleanor Eiffe
- Novogen Pty Ltd, Hornsby, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Heaton
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Novogen Pty Ltd, Hornsby, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Brown
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Novogen Pty Ltd, Hornsby, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brooke A Nartker
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - David W Eaves
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Nina Kloss
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Jun Zeng
- MedChemSoft Solutions, Wheelers Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Irina B Alieva
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Electron Microscopy, A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera B Dugina
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Mathematical Methods in Biology, A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Edna C Hardeman
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter W Gunning
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy P Cripe
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio. .,Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
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10
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Alen J, Bourin A, Boland S, Geraets J, Schroeders P, Defert O. Tetrahydro-pyrimido-indoles as selective LIMK inhibitors: synthesis, selectivity profiling and structure–activity studies. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00473j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Extensive structure–activity studies on three different modification sites resulted in a series of LIM kinase inhibitors, containing a novel tricyclic hinge-binding motif based on the pyrrolopyrimidine scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Alen
- Amakem Therapeutics
- Agoralaan Abis
- 3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - A. Bourin
- Amakem Therapeutics
- Agoralaan Abis
- 3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - S. Boland
- Amakem Therapeutics
- Agoralaan Abis
- 3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - J. Geraets
- Amakem Therapeutics
- Agoralaan Abis
- 3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - P. Schroeders
- Amakem Therapeutics
- Agoralaan Abis
- 3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - O. Defert
- Amakem Therapeutics
- Agoralaan Abis
- 3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
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11
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Cui J, Ding M, Deng W, Yin Y, Wang Z, Zhou H, Sun G, Jiang Y, Feng Y. Discovery of bis-aryl urea derivatives as potent and selective Limk inhibitors: Exploring Limk1 activity and Limk1/ROCK2 selectivity through a combined computational study. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:7464-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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12
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Mardilovich K, Baugh M, Crighton D, Kowalczyk D, Gabrielsen M, Munro J, Croft DR, Lourenco F, James D, Kalna G, McGarry L, Rath O, Shanks E, Garnett MJ, McDermott U, Brookfield J, Charles M, Hammonds T, Olson MF. LIM kinase inhibitors disrupt mitotic microtubule organization and impair tumor cell proliferation. Oncotarget 2015; 6:38469-86. [PMID: 26540348 PMCID: PMC4770715 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin and microtubule cytoskeletons are critically important for cancer cell proliferation, and drugs that target microtubules are widely-used cancer therapies. However, their utility is compromised by toxicities due to dose and exposure. To overcome these issues, we characterized how inhibition of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton regulatory LIM kinases could be used in drug combinations to increase efficacy. A previously-described LIMK inhibitor (LIMKi) induced dose-dependent microtubule alterations that resulted in significant mitotic defects, and increased the cytotoxic potency of microtubule polymerization inhibitors. By combining LIMKi with 366 compounds from the GSK Published Kinase Inhibitor Set, effective combinations were identified with kinase inhibitors including EGFR, p38 and Raf. These findings encouraged a drug discovery effort that led to development of CRT0105446 and CRT0105950, which potently block LIMK1 and LIMK2 activity in vitro, and inhibit cofilin phosphorylation and increase αTubulin acetylation in cells. CRT0105446 and CRT0105950 were screened against 656 cancer cell lines, and rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma and kidney cancer cells were identified as significantly sensitive to both LIMK inhibitors. These large-scale screens have identified effective LIMK inhibitor drug combinations and sensitive cancer types. In addition, the LIMK inhibitory compounds CRT0105446 and CRT0105950 will enable further development of LIMK-targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Baugh
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Diane Crighton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Mads Gabrielsen
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - June Munro
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daniel R. Croft
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Filipe Lourenco
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daniel James
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gabriella Kalna
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lynn McGarry
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Oliver Rath
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emma Shanks
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Ultan McDermott
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Joanna Brookfield
- Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Charles
- Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim Hammonds
- Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, London Bioscience Innovation Centre, London, UK
| | - Michael F. Olson
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
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13
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Charles MD, Brookfield JL, Ekwuru TC, Stockley M, Dunn J, Riddick M, Hammonds T, Trivier E, Greenland G, Wong AC, Cheasty A, Boyd S, Crighton D, Olson MF. Discovery, Development, and SAR of Aminothiazoles as LIMK Inhibitors with Cellular Anti-Invasive Properties. J Med Chem 2015; 58:8309-13. [PMID: 26356364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
As part of a program to develop a small molecule inhibitor of LIMK, a series of aminothiazole inhibitors were discovered by high throughput screening. Scaffold hopping and subsequent SAR directed development led to a series of low nanomolar inhibitors of LIMK1 and LIMK2 that also inhibited the direct biomarker p-cofilin in cells and inhibited the invasion of MDA MB-231-luc cells in a matrigel inverse invasion assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Charles
- Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories , Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Joanna L Brookfield
- Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories , Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Tennyson C Ekwuru
- Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories , Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Martin Stockley
- Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories , Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - John Dunn
- Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories , Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Michelle Riddick
- Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories , Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Tim Hammonds
- Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, London Bioscience Innovation Centre , Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, U.K
| | - Elisabeth Trivier
- Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, London Bioscience Innovation Centre , Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, U.K
| | - Gavin Greenland
- Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, London Bioscience Innovation Centre , Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, U.K
| | - Ai Ching Wong
- Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, London Bioscience Innovation Centre , Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, U.K
| | - Anne Cheasty
- Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories , Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Susan Boyd
- CompChem Solutions Ltd, St John's Innovation Centre , Cambridge CB4 0WS, U.K
| | - Diane Crighton
- Beatson Institute, Cancer Research U.K. , Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, U.K
| | - Michael F Olson
- Beatson Institute, Cancer Research U.K. , Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, U.K
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14
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Design, synthesis and biological characterization of selective LIMK inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4005-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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15
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Yin Y, Zheng K, Eid N, Howard S, Jeong JH, Yi F, Guo J, Park CM, Bibian M, Wu W, Hernandez P, Park H, Wu Y, Luo JL, LoGrasso PV, Feng Y. Bis-aryl urea derivatives as potent and selective LIM kinase (Limk) inhibitors. J Med Chem 2015; 58:1846-61. [PMID: 25621531 DOI: 10.1021/jm501680m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The discovery/optimization of bis-aryl ureas as Limk inhibitors to obtain high potency and selectivity and appropriate pharmacokinetic properties through systematic SAR studies is reported. Docking studies supported the observed SAR. Optimized Limk inhibitors had high biochemical potency (IC50 < 25 nM), excellent selectivity against ROCK and JNK kinases (>400-fold), potent inhibition of cofilin phosphorylation in A7r5, PC-3, and CEM-SS T cells (IC50 < 1 μM), and good in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic properties. In the profiling against a panel of 61 kinases, compound 18b at 1 μM inhibited only Limk1 and STK16 with ≥80% inhibition. Compounds 18b and 18f were highly efficient in inhibiting cell-invasion/migration in PC-3 cells. In addition, compound 18w was demonstrated to be effective on reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) on rat eyes. Taken together, these data demonstrated that we had developed a novel class of bis-aryl urea derived potent and selective Limk inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yin
- Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Discovery Biology, §Crystallography/Modeling Facility, Translational Research Institute, ∥Department of Molecular Therapeutics, and ⊥Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida , 130 Scripps Way, No. 2A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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16
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Harrison BA, Almstead ZY, Burgoon H, Gardyan M, Goodwin NC, Healy J, Liu Y, Mabon R, Marinelli B, Samala L, Zhang Y, Stouch TR, Whitlock NA, Gopinathan S, McKnight B, Wang S, Patel N, Wilson AGE, Hamman BD, Rice DS, Rawlins DB. Discovery and Development of LX7101, a Dual LIM-Kinase and ROCK Inhibitor for the Treatment of Glaucoma. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:84-8. [PMID: 25589936 DOI: 10.1021/ml500367g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure of LX7101, a dual LIM-kinase and ROCK inhibitor for the treatment of ocular hypertension and associated glaucoma, is disclosed. Previously reported LIM kinase inhibitors suffered from poor aqueous stability due to solvolysis of the central urea. Replacement of the urea with a hindered amide resulted in aqueous stable compounds, and addition of solubilizing groups resulted in a set of compounds with good properties for topical dosing in the eye and good efficacy in a mouse model of ocular hypertension. LX7101 was selected as a clinical candidate from this group based on superior efficacy in lowering intraocular pressure and a good safety profile. LX7101 completed IND enabling studies and was tested in a Phase 1 clinical trial in glaucoma patients, where it showed efficacy in lowering intraocular pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce A. Harrison
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Zheng Y. Almstead
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Hugh Burgoon
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Michael Gardyan
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Nicole C. Goodwin
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Jason Healy
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Ying Liu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Ross Mabon
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Brett Marinelli
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Lakshman Samala
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Yulian Zhang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Terry R. Stouch
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David B. Rawlins
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 350 Carter Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
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17
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Ray S, Fanti JA, Macedo DP, Larsen M. LIM kinase regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics is required for salivary gland branching morphogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:2393-407. [PMID: 24966172 PMCID: PMC4142612 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-02-0705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
LIMK regulation of actin and microtubule dynamics is required for epithelial regulation of early- and late-stage cleft stabilization and progression. LIMK stimulates focal adhesion assembly and integrin β1 activation in cleft regions, causing fibronectin fibrillogenesis and promoting cleft progression during salivary gland branching morphogenesis. Coordinated actin microfilament and microtubule dynamics is required for salivary gland development, although the mechanisms by which they contribute to branching morphogenesis are not defined. Because LIM kinase (LIMK) regulates both actin and microtubule organization, we investigated the role of LIMK signaling in mouse embryonic submandibular salivary glands using ex vivo organ cultures. Both LIMK 1 and 2 were necessary for branching morphogenesis and functioned to promote epithelial early- and late-stage cleft progression through regulation of both microfilaments and microtubules. LIMK-dependent regulation of these cytoskeletal systems was required to control focal adhesion protein–dependent fibronectin assembly and integrin β1 activation, involving the LIMK effectors cofilin and TPPP/p25, for assembly of the actin- and tubulin-based cytoskeletal systems, respectively. We demonstrate that LIMK regulates the early stages of cleft formation—cleft initiation, stabilization, and progression—via establishment of actin stability. Further, we reveal a novel role for the microtubule assembly factor p25 in regulating stabilization and elongation of late-stage progressing clefts. This study demonstrates the existence of multiple actin- and microtubule-dependent stabilization steps that are controlled by LIMK and are required in cleft progression during branching morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayoni Ray
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222
| | - Joseph A Fanti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222
| | - Diego P Macedo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222
| | - Melinda Larsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222
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