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Rasheed S, Huda NU, Fisher SZ, Falke S, Gul S, Ahmad MS, Choudhary MI. Identification, crystallization, and first X-ray structure analyses of phenyl boronic acid-based inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase-II. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131268. [PMID: 38580011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrases (hCAs) play a central role in various physiological processes in the human body. HCAs catalyze the reversible hydration of CO2 into HCO3-, and hence maintains the fluid and pH balance. Overexpression of CA II is associated with diseases, such as glaucoma, and epilepsy. Therefore, CAs are important clinical targets and inhibition of different isoforms, especially hCA II is used in treatment of glaucoma, altitude sickness, and epilepsy. Therapeutically used CA inhibitors (CAI) are sulfonamide-based, such as acetazolamide, dichlorphenamide, methazolamide, ethoxzolamide, etc. However, they exhibit several undesirable effects such as numbness, tingling of extremities, malaise, metallic taste, fatigue, renal calculi, and metabolic acidosis. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify safe and effective inhibitors of the hCAs. In this study, different phenyl boronic acids 1-5 were evaluated against bovine (bCA II) and hCA II. Among all, compound 1 (4-acetylphenyl boronic acid) was found to be active against bCAII and hCA II with IC50 values of 246 ± 0.48 and 281.40 ± 2.8 μM, respectively, while the remaining compounds were found in-active. Compound 1 was identified as competitive inhibitor of hCA II enzyme (Ki = 283.7 ± 0.002 μM). Additionally, compound 1 was found to be non-toxic against BJ Human fibroblast cell line. The X-ray crystal structure for hCA II in-complex with compound 1 was evaluated to a resolution of 2.6 Å. In fact, this the first structural analysis of a phenyl boron-based inhibitor bound to hCA II, allowing an additional structure-activity analysis of the compounds. Compound 1 was found to be directly bound in the active site of hCA II by interacting with His94, His119, and Thr199 residues. In addition, a bond of 3.11 Å between the zinc ion and coordinated boron atom of the boronic acid moiety of compound 1 was also observed, contributing to binding affinity of compound 1 for hCA II. PDB ID: 8IGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Rasheed
- Dr. Panjwani Center of Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Noor Ul Huda
- Dr. Panjwani Center of Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - S Zoë Fisher
- European Spallation Source ERIC, P.O. Box 176, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sven Falke
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sadaf Gul
- Dr. Panjwani Center of Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Malik Shoaib Ahmad
- Dr. Panjwani Center of Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- Dr. Panjwani Center of Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21412, Saudi Arabia
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Fatahian Bavandpour N, Mehrabi M, Adibi H, Mehrabi M, Khodarahmi R. Synthesis of 4-sulfamoyl phenyl diazocarboxylic acid derivatives as novel non-classical inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase II activity: an in vitro study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38334282 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2310777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The first class of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) discovered was sulfonamides, but their clinical use is limited due to side effects caused by their inhibition of multiple CA isoforms. To overcome this, researchers have focused on developing isoform-selective CAIs. This study involved the synthesis and characterization of novel carboxylic acid/sulfonamide derivatives. We investigated the interaction between these compounds and the human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II) isoform using spectroscopic and computational methods. The synthesized compounds were evaluated based on their IC50, Kd and Ki values, and it was found that the inhibitory potency and binding affinity of the compounds increased with the number of carboxylic acids zinc binding groups. Specifically, the compound C4, with three carboxylic acid groups, showed the strongest inhibitory potency. Fluorescence measurements revealed that all compounds quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of hCA II through a dynamic quenching process, and each compound had one binding site in the hCA II structure. Thermodynamic analysis indicated hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions played key roles in the binding of these compounds to hCA II. Docking studies showed that the carboxylic acid groups directly attached to the zinc ion in the active site, displacing water/hydroxide ions and causing steric hindrance. Overall, the strengthening of inhibitory activity and the binding power of these carboxylic acid derivatives for the hCA II makes these compounds interesting for designing novel hCA II inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Mehrabi
- Department of biology, Faculty of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hadi Adibi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masomeh Mehrabi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Khodarahmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Zheng N, Jiang W, Zhang P, Ma L, Chen J, Zhang H. Repurposing of World-Approved Drugs for Potential Inhibition against Human Carbonic Anhydrase I: A Computational Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12619. [PMID: 37628799 PMCID: PMC10454238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrases (hCAs) have enzymatic activities for reversible hydration of CO2 and are acknowledged as promising targets for the treatment of various diseases. Using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation approaches, we hit three compounds of methyl 4-chloranyl-2-(phenylsulfonyl)-5-sulfamoyl-benzoate (84Z for short), cyclothiazide, and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-piperidin-1-ylbenzenesulfonamide (3UG for short) from the existing hCA I inhibitors and word-approved drugs. As a Zn2+-dependent metallo-enzyme, the influence of Zn2+ ion models on the stability of metal-binding sites during MD simulations was addressed as well. MM-PBSA analysis predicted a strong binding affinity of -18, -16, and -14 kcal/mol, respectively, for these compounds, and identified key protein residues for binding. The sulfonamide moiety bound to the Zn2+ ion appeared as an essential component of hCA I inhibitors. Vina software predicted a relatively large (unreasonable) Zn2+-sulfonamide distance, although the relative binding strength was reproduced with good accuracy. The selected compounds displayed potent inhibition against other hCA isoforms of II, XIII, and XIV. This work is valuable for molecular modeling of hCAs and further design of potent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Haiyang Zhang
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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4
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Chourey S, Wang R, Ye Q, Reddy CN, Sun S, Takenaka N, Powell WS, Rokach J. Concise Syntheses of Microsomal Metabolites of a Potent OXE (Oxoeicosanoid) Receptor Antagonist. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2023; 71:534-544. [PMID: 37394602 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
5-Oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE) is the most potent eosinophil chemoattractant among lipid mediators, and its actions are mediated by the selective oxoeicosanoid (OXE) receptor. Our group previously developed a highly potent indole-based OXE antagonist, S-C025, with an IC50 value of 120 pM. S-C025 was converted to a number of metabolites in the presence of monkey liver microsomes. Complete chemical syntheses of authentic standards enabled us to identify that the four major metabolites were derived by the oxidation at its benzylic and N-methyl carbon atoms. Herein we report concise syntheses of the four major metabolites of S-C025.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishir Chourey
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology
| | - Rui Wang
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology
| | - Qiuji Ye
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology
| | - Chintam Nagendra Reddy
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology
| | - Shiyu Sun
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology
| | - Norito Takenaka
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology
| | - William S Powell
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Centre for Translational Biology, McGill University Health Centre
| | - Joshua Rokach
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology
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Di Fiore A, De Luca V, Langella E, Nocentini A, Buonanno M, Maria Monti S, Supuran CT, Capasso C, De Simone G. Biochemical, structural, and computational studies of a γ-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:4185-4194. [PMID: 36016712 PMCID: PMC9389205 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis is a severe disease caused
Burkholderia pseudomallei. γ-carbonic anhydrases (γ-CAs) have been recently
introduced as novel antibacterial drug targets. A new γ-CA from B.
pseudomallei has been investigated by a
multidisciplinary approach. Obtained results provide an important starting point
for developing new anti-melioidosis drugs.
Melioidosis is a severe disease caused by the highly
pathogenic gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia
pseudomallei. Several studies have highlighted the broad
resistance of this pathogen to many antibiotics and pointed out the pivotal
importance of improving the pharmacological arsenal against it. Since γ-carbonic
anhydrases (γ-CAs) have been recently introduced as potential and novel
antibacterial drug targets, in this paper, we report a detailed characterization
of BpsγCA, a γ-CA from B.
pseudomallei by a multidisciplinary approach. In
particular, the enzyme was recombinantly produced and biochemically
characterized. Its catalytic activity at different pH values was measured, the
crystal structure was determined and theoretical pKa calculations were carried
out. Results provided a snapshot of the enzyme active site and dissected the
role of residues involved in the catalytic mechanism and ligand recognition.
These findings are an important starting point for developing new
anti-melioidosis drugs targeting BpsγCA.
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Giovannuzzi S, Capasso C, Nocentini A, Supuran CT. Continued Structural Exploration of Sulfocoumarin as Selective Inhibitor of Tumor-Associated Human Carbonic Anhydrases IX and XII. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134076. [PMID: 35807318 PMCID: PMC9267968 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of new 3- and 7-substituted sulfocoumarins was obtained by several cyclization reactions and subsequent derivatization for screening as prodrug inhibitors of the human (h) cancer-associated carbonic anhydrases (CAs) IX and XII. All products were ineffective inhibitors against the off-target hCA I and II, whilst hCAs IX and XII were inhibited with inhibition constants (KIs) spanning from low nanomolar to the high micromolar range, according to the sulfocoumarin derivatization pattern. In particular, sulfocoumarin 15 turned out to be the most potent and selective inhibitor herein reported (hCA I and II: KI > 100 µM; hCA IX: KI = 22.9 nM; hCA XII: KI = 19.2 nM). Considering that hCA IX and XII validated anti-tumor targets, such prodrug, isoform-selective inhibitors as the sulfocoumarins reported here may be useful for identifying suitable drug candidates for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Giovannuzzi
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (C.T.S.)
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Ali A, Ali A, Warsi MH, Rahman MA, Ahsan MJ, Azam F. An Insight into the Structural Requirements and Pharmacophore Identification of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors to Combat Oxidative Stress at High Altitudes: An In-Silico Approach. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1027-1045. [PMID: 35723291 PMCID: PMC8947748 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44030068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CA) inhibitory action could be linked to the treatment of a number of ailments, including cancer, osteoporosis, glaucoma, and several neurological problems. For the development of effective CA inhibitors, a variety of heterocyclic rings have been investigated. Furthermore, at high altitudes, oxygen pressure drops, resulting in the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and CA inhibitors having role in combating this oxidative stress. Acetazolamide contains thiadiazole ring, which has aroused researchers’ interest because of its CA inhibitory action. In the present study, we used a number of drug design tools, such as pharmacophore modeling, 3D QSAR, docking, and virtual screening on twenty-seven 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives that have been described as potential CA inhibitors in the literature. An atom-based 3D-QSAR analysis was carried out to determine the contribution of individual atoms to model generation, while a pharmacophore mapping investigation was carried out to find the common unique pharmacophoric properties required for biological activity. The coefficient of determination for both the training and test sets were statistically significant in the generated model. The best QSAR model was chosen based on the values of R2 (0.8757) and Q2 (0.7888). A molecular docking study was also conducted against the most potent analogue 4m, which has the highest SP docking score (−5.217) (PDB ID: 6g3v). The virtual screening revealed a number of promising compounds. The screened compound ZINC77699643 interacted with the amino acid residues, Pro201 and Thr199, in the virtual screening study (PDB ID: 6g3v). These interactions demonstrated the significance of the CA inhibitory activity of the compound. Furthermore, ADME study revealed useful information regarding compound’s drug-like properties. Therefore, the findings of the present investigation could aid in the development of more potent CA inhibitors, which could benefit the treatment of oxidative stress at high altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amena Ali
- High Altitude Research Center, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Abuzer Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Musarrat Husain Warsi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.W.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Mohammad Akhlaquer Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.W.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Mohamed Jawed Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Maharishi Arvind College of Pharmacy, Ambabari Circle, Jaipur 302 039, Rajasthan, India;
| | - Faizul Azam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, P.O. Box 5888, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia;
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Zhao XB, Jiang SA, Wang N, Yu HF. Green and complementary regioselective synthesis of 3-(1 –substituted pyrazol-3(or 5)-yl)indoles from β-ethyltho-β-indolyl-α,β-unsaturated ketones in water. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1801747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bo Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng, China
| | - Si-Ao Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng, China
| | - Hai-Feng Yu
- College of Chemistry, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng, China
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Mishra CB, Tiwari M, Supuran CT. Progress in the development of human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and their pharmacological applications: Where are we today? Med Res Rev 2020; 40:2485-2565. [PMID: 32691504 DOI: 10.1002/med.21713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are widely distributed metalloenzymes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. They efficiently catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and H+ ions and play a crucial role in regulating many physiological processes. CAs are well-studied drug target for various disorders such as glaucoma, epilepsy, sleep apnea, and high altitude sickness. In the past decades, a large category of diverse families of CA inhibitors (CAIs) have been developed and many of them showed effective inhibition toward specific isoforms, and effectiveness in pathological conditions in preclinical and clinical settings. The discovery of isoform-selective CAIs in the last decade led to diminished side effects associated with off-target isoforms inhibition. The many new classes of such compounds will be discussed in the review, together with strategies for their development. Pharmacological advances of the newly emerged CAIs in diseases not usually associated with CA inhibition (neuropathic pain, arthritis, cerebral ischemia, and cancer) will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra B Mishra
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Manisha Tiwari
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
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Güzel-Akdemir Ö, Carradori S, Grande R, Demir-Yazıcı K, Angeli A, Supuran CT, Akdemir A. Development of Thiazolidinones as Fungal Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082960. [PMID: 32331447 PMCID: PMC7215574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In our efforts to find new and selective thiazolidinone-based anti-Candida agents, we synthesized and tested 26 thiazolidinones against several Candida spp. and Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The compounds showed selective antifungal activity with potency similar to fluconazole and clotrimazole, while lacking strong antibacterial activity. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies were performed on Candida CYP51a1 and carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzymes to further suggest putative targets that could mediate the antifungal effects of these compounds. Finally, the compounds were tested in enzyme inhibition assays to assess their putative mechanism of action and showed promising KI values in the 0.1–10 µM range against the Candida glabrata β-CA enzyme CgNce103.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlen Güzel-Akdemir
- Istanbul University, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey; (Ö.G.-A.); (K.D.-Y.)
| | - Simone Carradori
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, “G. d′Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.C.); (R.G.)
| | - Rossella Grande
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, “G. d′Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.C.); (R.G.)
| | - Kübra Demir-Yazıcı
- Istanbul University, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey; (Ö.G.-A.); (K.D.-Y.)
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy; (A.A.); (C.T.S.)
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers Department, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy; (A.A.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Atilla Akdemir
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Computer-aided drug discovery laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-212-523-2288 (ext. 3142)
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11
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Supuran CT. Exploring the multiple binding modes of inhibitors to carbonic anhydrases for novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:671-686. [PMID: 32208982 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1743676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The spacious active site cavity of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) shows a great versatility for a variety of binding modes for modulators of activity, inhibitors, and activators, some of which are clinically used drugs. AREAS COVERED There are at least four well-documented CA inhibition mechanisms and the same number of binding modes for CA inhibitors (CAIs), one of which superposes with the binding of activators (CAAs). They include (i) coordination to the catalytic metal ion; (ii) anchoring to the water molecule coordinated to the metal ion; (iii) occlusion of the active site entrance; and (iv) binding outside the active site. A large number of chemical classes of CAIs show these binding modes explored in detail by kinetic, crystallographic, and other techniques. The tail approach was applied to all of them and allowed many classes of highly isoform-selective inhibitors. This is the subject of our review. EXPERT OPINION All active site regions of CAs accommodate inhibitors to bind, which is reflected in very different inhibition profiles for such compounds and the possibility to design drugs with effective action and new applications, such as for the management of hypoxic tumors, neuropathic pain, cerebral ischemia, arthritis, and degenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence, Italy
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12
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Yu HF, Wang WJ. Catalyst free cyclocondensation of β-ethylthio-β-indolyl-α, β-unsaturated ketones with hydrazines: Efficient synthesis of 3-pyrazolyl indoles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1681001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Yu
- College of Chemistry, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng, China
| | - Wen-Ju Wang
- College of Chemistry, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng, China
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Dalinger AI, Medved’ko AV, Balalaeva AI, Vatsadze IА, Dalinger IL, Vatsadze SZ. Synthesis of Novel Azides and Triazoles on the Basis of 1н-Pyrazole-3(5)-Carboxylic Acids. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-020-02643-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Combs JE, Andring JT, McKenna R. Neutron crystallographic studies of carbonic anhydrase. Methods Enzymol 2020; 634:281-309. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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16
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Nocentini A, Lucidi A, Perut F, Massa A, Tomaselli D, Gratteri P, Baldini N, Rotili D, Mai A, Supuran CT. α,γ-Diketocarboxylic Acids and Their Esters Act as Carbonic Anhydrase IX and XII Selective Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:661-665. [PMID: 30996814 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Among human carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors, the α,γ-diketocarboxylic acids and esters are still poorly investigated. Here, we report the first compounds of this class (1-6) acting as potent inhibitors at low nanomolar level against the cancer-related human CA IX and XII, and 2-3 magnitude orders selective toward the cytosolic isoforms hCA I and II. At enzymatic level, the α,γ-diketoacids 1-3 were more effective inhibitors compared to the corresponding ethyl esters 4-6. The phenyl- and α-naphthyl-containing compounds (1, 3, 4, and 6) behaved as dual hCA IX/XII inhibitors, while the β-naphthyl analogues (2 and 5) exhibited hCA IX-selective inhibition. In MG63 and HOS osteosarcoma (OS) cell lines, the ethyl esters 5 and 6 displayed dose-dependent reduction of viability and proliferation after 72 h treatment, with 6 being more potent than 5 likely for its dual hCA IX/XII inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessia Lucidi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco “Sapienza″ Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Perut
- Laboratorio di Fisiopatologia Ortopedica e Medicina Rigenerativa, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Annamaria Massa
- Laboratorio di Fisiopatologia Ortopedica e Medicina Rigenerativa, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Tomaselli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco “Sapienza″ Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Laboratorio di Fisiopatologia Ortopedica e Medicina Rigenerativa, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40123 Bologna, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco “Sapienza″ Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco “Sapienza″ Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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Lomelino CL, Andring JT, McKenna R. Crystallography and Its Impact on Carbonic Anhydrase Research. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:9419521. [PMID: 30302289 PMCID: PMC6158936 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9419521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
X-ray and neutron crystallography are powerful techniques utilized to study the structures of biomolecules. Visualization of enzymes in complex with substrate/product and the capture of intermediate states can be related to activity to facilitate understanding of the catalytic mechanism. Subsequent analysis of small molecule binding within the enzyme active site provides insight into mechanisms of inhibition, supporting the design of novel inhibitors using a structure-guided approach. The first X-ray crystal structures were determined for small, ubiquitous enzymes such as carbonic anhydrase (CA). CAs are a family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the hydration of CO2, producing HCO3 - and a proton. The CA structure and ping-pong mechanism have been extensively studied and are well understood. Though the function of CA plays an important role in a variety of physiological functions, CA has also been associated with diseases such as glaucoma, edema, epilepsy, obesity, and cancer and is therefore recognized as a drug target. In this review, a brief history of crystallography and its impact on CA research is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie L. Lomelino
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jacob T. Andring
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Robert McKenna
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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18
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Mikuš P, Krajčiová D, Mikulová M, Horváth B, Pecher D, Garaj V, Bua S, Angeli A, Supuran CT. Novel sulfonamides incorporating 1,3,5-triazine and amino acid structural motifs as inhibitors of the physiological carbonic anhydrase isozymes I, II and IV and tumor-associated isozyme IX. Bioorg Chem 2018; 81:241-252. [PMID: 30153589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A new series of thirty s-triazinyl-substituted aminoalkylbenzenesulfonamides, incorporating a symmetric pair of amino acid moieties, is reported, together with inhibition studies of physiologically relevant human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms. Specifically, against the cytosolic hCA I, II, transmembrane hCA IV and the tumor-associated, membrane-bound hCA IX. The compounds were prepared by nucleophilic substitution of chlorine atoms from cyanuric chloride (2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine) using environmentally friendly water-based synthetic conditions. The products yields ranged in the interval of 43-97%. Purity of the products was verified by the HPLC-DAD-ESI-Q-TOF MS method. Identity of the products was confirmed by the same method plus NMR and IR. The products showed weak inhibition of the cytosolic, off-target isozyme hCA II, but some of them were low nanomolar (i.e. strong) inhibitors of the tumor-associated hCA IX. The series offered representatives selective towards isozymes hCA I, IV and IX. 2,2'-((6-((4-sulfamoylphenethyl)amino)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)bis(imino))disuccinic acid demonstrated highest selectivity to the tumor-associated isoform hCA IX over off-target isozymes, with impressive KI ratio (hCA II/hCA IX) 213.9 and inhibition constant equal to acetazolamide (KI = 25.8 nM). Although the selectivities of some other products, e.g. those conjugating Leu and Glu, were a bit lower (188.7 and 84.3, respectively) their inhibition constants were similar to acetazolamide too (24.0 and 27.1, respectively). The selected most impressive results from the inhibition study were interpreted via molecular modeling experiment (docking in Glide) revealing different inter-molecular enzyme-substrate interaction of 2,2'-((6-((4-sulfamoylphenethyl)amino)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)bis(imino))disuccinic acid within specific hCA IX and hCA II microregions. Therefore, several selected compounds from this study can be considered as highly effective and selective inhibitors of hCA IX, worthy to further (preclinical) investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mikuš
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicological and Antidoping Centre, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Dominika Krajčiová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Mária Mikulová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Branislav Horváth
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Daniel Pecher
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicological and Antidoping Centre, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Vladimír Garaj
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicological and Antidoping Centre, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Silvia Bua
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy.
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy.
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Cadoni R, Pala N, Lomelino C, Mahon BP, McKenna R, Dallocchio R, Dessì A, Carcelli M, Rogolino D, Sanna V, Rassu M, Iaccarino C, Vullo D, Supuran CT, Sechi M. Exploring Heteroaryl-pyrazole Carboxylic Acids as Human Carbonic Anhydrase XII Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:941-946. [PMID: 28947941 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis, biological evaluation, and structural study of a series of substituted heteroaryl-pyrazole carboxylic acid derivatives. These compounds have been developed as inhibitors of specific isoforms of carbonic anhydrase (CA), with potential as prototypes of a new class of chemotherapeutics. Both X-ray crystallography and computational modeling provide insights into the CA inhibition mechanism. Results indicate that this chemotype produces an indirect interference with the zinc ion, thus behaving differently from other related nonclassical inhibitors. Among the tested compounds, 2c with Ki = 0.21 μM toward hCA XII demonstrated significant antiproliferative activity against hypoxic tumor cell lines. Taken together, the results thus provide the basis of structural determinants for the development of novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cadoni
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Nicolino Pala
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Carrie Lomelino
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, PO Box 100245, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Brian P. Mahon
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, PO Box 100245, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, PO Box 100245, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Roberto Dallocchio
- Istituto CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dessì
- Istituto CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Mauro Carcelli
- Department
of Chemical, Life Science and Environmental Sustinability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Dominga Rogolino
- Department
of Chemical, Life Science and Environmental Sustinability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Vanna Sanna
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Mauro Rassu
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 25, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Ciro Iaccarino
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 25, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Polo
Scientifico,
Neurofarba Department and Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Room 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Polo
Scientifico,
Neurofarba Department and Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Room 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Sechi
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Kiselev MA, Igidov NM, Chernov IN, Toksarova YS, Rubtsov AE. Chemistry of iminofurans: XIV. Ring opening of 5-substituted furan-2,3-dione 3-benzoylhydrazones by the action of aromatic and heterocyclic amines. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428017060173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Mohamed MA, Abdel-Aziz AAM, Sakr HM, El-Azab AS, Bua S, Supuran CT. Synthesis and human/bacterial carbonic anhydrase inhibition with a series of sulfonamides incorporating phthalimido moieties. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2524-2529. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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Entezari Heravi Y, Bua S, Nocentini A, Del Prete S, Saboury AA, Sereshti H, Capasso C, Gratteri P, Supuran CT. Inhibition of Malassezia globosa carbonic anhydrase with phenols. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2577-2582. [PMID: 28343756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A panel of 22 phenols was investigated as inhibitors of the β-class carbonic anhydrase (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) from the fungal parasite Malassezia globosa (MgCA), a validated anti-dandruff drug target. The displayed inhibitory activities were compared to the ones previously reported against the off-target widely distributed human (h) isoforms hCA I and II. All tested phenols possessed a better efficacy in inhibiting MgCA than the clinically used sulfonamide acetazolamide, with KIs in the range of 2.5 and 65.0μM. A homology-built model of MgCA was also used for understanding the binding mode of phenols to the fungal enzyme. Indeed, a wide network of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions between the phenol and active site residues were evidenced. The OH moiety of the inhibitor was observed anchored to the zinc-coordinated water, also making hydrogen bonds with Ser48 and Asp49. The diverse substituents at the phenolic scaffold were observed to interact with different portions of the hydrophobic pocket according to their nature and position. Considering the effective MgCA inhibitory properties of phenols, beside to the rather low inhibition against the off-target hCA I and II, this class of compounds might be of considerable interest in the cosmetics field as potential anti-dandruff drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeganeh Entezari Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Silvia Bua
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy; Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Sonia Del Prete
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy; Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse (IBBR)-CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Sereshti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse (IBBR)-CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) is found in numerous organisms across the tree of life, with seven distinct classes known to date. CA inhibition can be exploited for the treatment of edema, glaucoma, seizures, obesity, cancer and infectious diseases. A myriad of CA inhibitor (CAI) classes and inhibition mechanisms have been identified over the past decade, mainly through structure-based drug design approaches. Five different CA inhibition mechanisms are presently known. Areas covered: Recent advances in structure-based CAI design are reviewed, with periodic table-based organization of inhibitor classes. Expert opinion: Various structure-based drug design studies have led to deep understanding of factors governing tight binding and selectivity for the various isoforms. Carboxylic acids, phenols, polyamines, diols, borols, boronic acids, coumarins and sulfonamides represent successful stories which led to an anti-tumor sulfonamide in Phase I clinical trials (SLC-0111). For many inhibitor classes, no detailed crystallographic data are available. Detailed structural characterization of all CAI classes may lead to further advances in the field with potential therapeutic implications in the management of indications including neuropathic pain, cerebral ischemia, arthritis and tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- a Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino (Florence) , Italy
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24
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The therapeutic voyage of pyrazole and its analogs: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 120:170-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Pala N, Esposito F, Rogolino D, Carcelli M, Sanna V, Palomba M, Naesens L, Corona A, Grandi N, Tramontano E, Sechi M. Inhibitory Effect of 2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-4-[4-(aryl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]benzenesulfonamide Derivatives on HIV Reverse Transcriptase Associated RNase H Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1371. [PMID: 27556447 PMCID: PMC5000766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 ribonuclease H (RNase H) function of the reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme catalyzes the selective hydrolysis of the RNA strand of the RNA:DNA heteroduplex replication intermediate, and represents a suitable target for drug development. A particularly attractive approach is constituted by the interference with the RNase H metal-dependent catalytic activity, which resides in the active site located at the C-terminus p66 subunit of RT. Herein, we report results of an in-house screening campaign that allowed us to identify 4-[4-(aryl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]benzenesulfonamides, prepared by the "click chemistry" approach, as novel potential HIV-1 RNase H inhibitors. Three compounds (9d, 10c, and 10d) demonstrated a selective inhibitory activity against the HIV-1 RNase H enzyme at micromolar concentrations. Drug-likeness, predicted by the calculation of a panel of physicochemical and ADME properties, putative binding modes for the active compounds, assessed by computational molecular docking, as well as a mechanistic hypothesis for this novel chemotype are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolino Pala
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Francesca Esposito
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente-Sezione Biomedica, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SS554, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Dominga Rogolino
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Mauro Carcelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Vanna Sanna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Michele Palomba
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Lieve Naesens
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Angela Corona
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente-Sezione Biomedica, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SS554, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Nicole Grandi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente-Sezione Biomedica, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SS554, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente-Sezione Biomedica, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SS554, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy.
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), I-09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Mario Sechi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy.
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26
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Lomelino CL, Supuran CT, McKenna R. Non-Classical Inhibition of Carbonic Anhydrase. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071150. [PMID: 27438828 PMCID: PMC4964523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific isoforms from the carbonic anhydrase (CA) family of zinc metalloenzymes have been associated with a variety of diseases. Isoform-specific carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) are therefore a major focus of attention for specific disease treatments. Classical CAIs, primarily sulfonamide-based compounds and their bioisosteres, are examined as antiglaucoma, antiepileptic, antiobesity, antineuropathic pain and anticancer compounds. However, many sulfonamide compounds inhibit all CA isoforms nonspecifically, diluting drug effectiveness and causing undesired side effects due to off-target inhibition. In addition, a small but significant percentage of the general population cannot be treated with sulfonamide-based compounds due to a sulfa allergy. Therefore, CAIs must be developed that are not only isoform specific, but also non-classical, i.e. not based on sulfonamides, sulfamates, or sulfamides. This review covers the classes of non-classical CAIs and the recent advances in the development of isoform-specific inhibitors based on phenols, polyamines, coumarins and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie L Lomelino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Piazza di San Marco, Firenze 50019, Italy.
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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27
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Del Prete S, De Luca V, Vullo D, Osman SM, AlOthman Z, Carginale V, Supuran CT, Capasso C. A new procedure for the cloning, expression and purification of the β-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic yeast Malassezia globosa, an anti-dandruff drug target. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:1156-61. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1102137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Del Prete
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Naples, Italy,
- Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio Di Chimica Bioinorganica, Dipartimento Di Chimica, Università degliStudi Di Firenze, Florence, Italy,
| | - Viviana De Luca
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Naples, Italy,
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio Di Chimica Bioinorganica, Dipartimento Di Chimica, Università degliStudi Di Firenze, Florence, Italy,
| | - Sameh M. Osman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and
| | - Zeid AlOthman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and
| | | | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio Di Chimica Bioinorganica, Dipartimento Di Chimica, Università degliStudi Di Firenze, Florence, Italy,
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and
- Polo Scientifico, Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione Di ScienzeFarmaceutiche, Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, Florence, Italy
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Capasso C, Supuran CT. Bacterial, fungal and protozoan carbonic anhydrases as drug targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:1689-704. [PMID: 26235676 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1067685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1), a group of ubiquitously expressed metalloenzymes, are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes, as well as in the growth and virulence of pathogens belonging to bacteria, fungi and protozoa. AREAS COVERED CAs belonging to at least four genetic families, the α-, β-, γ- and η-CAs, were discovered and characterized in many pathogens: i) Bacteria encode enzymes from one or more such families, which were investigated as potential drug targets. Inhibition of bacterial CAs by sulfonamides/phenol derivatives lead to inhibition of growth of the pathogen for Helicobacter pylori, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Brucella suis; ii) Fungi encode for α- and β-CAs, and inhibitors of the sulfonamide, thiol or dithiocarbamate type inhibited the growth of some of them (Malassezia globosa, Candida albicans, Crytpococcus neoformans, etc) in vivo; and iii) Protozoa encode α-, β- or η-CAs. Sulfonamide, thiols and hydroxamates effectively killed such parasites (Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania donovani chagasi, Plasmodium falciparum) in vivo. EXPERT OPINION None of the microorganism CAs is validated as drug targets as yet, but the inhibitors designed against many such enzymes showed interesting in vitro/in vivo results. By interfering with the activity of CAs from microorganisms, both pH homeostasis as well as crucial biosynthetic reactions are impaired, which lead to significant antiinfective effects, not yet exploited for obtaining pharmacological agents. As resistance to the clinically used antiinfectives is a serious healthcare problem worldwide, inhibition of parasite CAs may constitute an alternative approach for obtaining such agents with novel mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemente Capasso
- a 1 CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresorces (IBBR) , via P. Castellino, 111, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- b 2 University of Florence, Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Via U. Schiff 6, 5019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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Cvijetić IN, Tanç M, Juranić IO, Verbić TŽ, Supuran CT, Drakulić BJ. 5-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acids as selective inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrases IX and XII. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4649-4659. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bozdag M, Carta F, Vullo D, Akdemir A, Isik S, Lanzi C, Scozzafava A, Masini E, Supuran CT. Synthesis of a new series of dithiocarbamates with effective human carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity and antiglaucoma action. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:2368-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Obydennov DL, Usachev BI, Sosnovskikh VY. Reactions of 2-Mono- and 2,6-Disubstituted 4-Pyrones with Phenylhydrazine as General Method for the Synthesis of 3-(N-Phenylpyrazolyl)Indoles. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-014-1603-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Abdel-Aziz AAM, El-Azab AS, Ceruso M, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity of sulfonamides and carboxylic acids incorporating cyclic imide scaffolds. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:5185-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Kim SH, Lee S, Kim SH, Kim KH, Kim JN. Synthesis of 1H-Indol-3-ylpyrazole Derivatives from 1,3,5-Triketones and Arylhydrazines: One-Pot Construction of Pyrazole and Indole Rings. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.11.3415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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