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Somu P, Mohanty S, Basavegowda N, Yadav AK, Paul S, Baek KH. The Interplay between Heat Shock Proteins and Cancer Pathogenesis: A Novel Strategy for Cancer Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:638. [PMID: 38339390 PMCID: PMC10854888 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are developmentally conserved families of protein found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. HSPs are engaged in a diverse range of physiological processes, including molecular chaperone activity to assist the initial protein folding or promote the unfolding and refolding of misfolded intermediates to acquire the normal or native conformation and its translocation and prevent protein aggregation as well as in immunity, apoptosis, and autophagy. These molecular chaperonins are classified into various families according to their molecular size or weight, encompassing small HSPs (e.g., HSP10 and HSP27), HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, and the category of large HSPs that include HSP100 and ClpB proteins. The overexpression of HSPs is induced to counteract cell stress at elevated levels in a variety of solid tumors, including anticancer chemotherapy, and is closely related to a worse prognosis and therapeutic resistance to cancer cells. HSPs are also involved in anti-apoptotic properties and are associated with processes of cancer progression and development, such as metastasis, invasion, and cell proliferation. This review outlines the previously mentioned HSPs and their significant involvement in diverse mechanisms of tumor advancement and metastasis, as well as their contribution to identifying potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathap Somu
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, School of Civil & Chemical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi Kalan, Jaipur 303007, India;
| | - Sonali Mohanty
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, India;
| | - Nagaraj Basavegowda
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38451, Republic of Korea;
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413310, Taiwan;
- Department of Bioengineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Subhankar Paul
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, India;
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38451, Republic of Korea;
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2
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Patwardhan CA, Kommalapati VK, Llbiyi T, Singh D, Alfa E, Horuzsko A, Korkaya H, Panda S, Reilly CA, Popik V, Chadli A. Capsaicin binds the N-terminus of Hsp90, induces lysosomal degradation of Hsp70, and enhances the anti-tumor effects of 17-AAG (Tanespimycin). Sci Rep 2023; 13:13790. [PMID: 37612326 PMCID: PMC10447550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and its co-chaperones promote cancer, and targeting Hsp90 holds promise for cancer treatment. Most of the efforts to harness this potential have focused on targeting the Hsp90 N-terminus ATP binding site. Although newer-generation inhibitors have shown improved efficacy in aggressive cancers, induction of the cellular heat shock response (HSR) by these inhibitors is thought to limit their clinical efficacy. Therefore, Hsp90 inhibitors with novel mechanisms of action and that do not trigger the HSR would be advantageous. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which capsaicin inhibits Hsp90. Through mutagenesis, chemical modifications, and proteomic studies, we show that capsaicin binds to the N-terminus of Hsp90 and inhibits its ATPase activity. Consequently, capsaicin and its analogs inhibit Hsp90 ATPase-dependent progesterone receptor reconstitution in vitro. Capsaicin did not induce the HSR, instead, it promoted the degradation of Hsp70 through the lysosome-autophagy pathway. Remarkably, capsaicin did not induce degradation of the constitutively expressed cognate Hsc70, indicating selectivity for Hsp70. Combined treatments of capsaicin and the Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG improved the anti-tumor efficacy of 17-AAG in cell culture and tridimensional tumor spheroid growth assays using breast and prostate cancer models. Consistent with this, in silico docking studies revealed that capsaicin binding to the ATP binding site of Hsp90 was distinct from classical N-terminus Hsp90 inhibitors, indicating a novel mechanism of action. Collectively, these findings support the use of capsaicin as a chemical scaffold to develop novel Hsp90 N-terminus inhibitors as well as its ability to be a potential cancer co-therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya A Patwardhan
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Vamsi Krishna Kommalapati
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Taoufik Llbiyi
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Digvijay Singh
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Eyad Alfa
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Anatolij Horuzsko
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Hasan Korkaya
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Siva Panda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Christopher A Reilly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Vladimir Popik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ahmed Chadli
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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Agrafiotis AC, Siozopoulou V, Hendriks JMH, Pauwels P, Koljenovic S, Van Schil PE. Tumor Microenvironment in Thymic Epithelial Tumors: A Narrative Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246082. [PMID: 36551568 PMCID: PMC9775621 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and constantly changing entity. The TME consists of stromal cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and innate and adaptive immune cells. Cancer development and progression occurs through this interplay between the tumor and the adjacent stroma. Cancer cells are capable of modifying their microenvironment by secreting various message-carrying molecules, such as cytokines, chemokines, and other factors. This action causes a reprogramming of the neighboring cells, which are enabled to play a crucial role in tumor survival and progression. The study of TME has many clinical implications in terms of cancer therapeutics because many new drugs, such as antibodies, kinase inhibitors, and liposome formulations that can encapsulate anti-cancer drugs, can be developed. Although chemotherapy is considered the standard of treatment for advanced disease, recent research has brought to light immunotherapy as a possible systemic alternative. However, the complex structure and function of the thymus hinders its routine use in clinical practice. The aim of this review paper is to discuss the recent advances in the investigation of the unique characteristics of the TME of thymic epithelial tumors that could possibly lead to the development of novel promising therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos C. Agrafiotis
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Vasiliki Siozopoulou
- Laboratory of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Jeroen M. H. Hendriks
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Patrick Pauwels
- Laboratory of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Senada Koljenovic
- Laboratory of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Paul E. Van Schil
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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Asgharzadeh F, Moradi-Marjaneh R, Marjaneh MM. The Role of Heat Shock Protein 27 in Carcinogenesis and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:2677-2685. [PMID: 35490324 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220427140640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has significantly increased in recent decades, which has made this disease an important global health issue. Despite many efforts, there is no useful prognostic or diagnostic biomarker for CRC. Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) is one of the most studied members of the Hsp family. It has attracted particular attention in CRC pathogenesis since it is involved in fundamental cell functions for cell survival. Evidence shows that Hsp27 plays important role in CRC progression and metastasis. Hsp27 overexpression has been observed in CRC and is suggested to be associated with CRC's poor prognosis. In the present review, we focus on the current knowledge of the role of Hsp27 in CRC carcinogenesis and the underlying mechanisms. In addition, we discuss the value of targeting Hsp27 in CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Asgharzadeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Moradi-Marjaneh
- Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mahdi Moradi Marjaneh
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a kind of proteins which mostly found in bacterial, plant and animal cells, in which they are involved in the monitoring and regulation of cellular life activities. HSPs protect other proteins under environmental and cellular stress by regulating protein folding and supporting the correctly folded structure of proteins as chaperones. During viral infection, some HSPs can have an antiviral effect by inhibiting viral proliferation through interaction and activating immune pathways to protect the host cell. However, although the biological function of HSPs is to maintain the homeostasis of cells, some HSPs will also be hijacked by viruses to help their invasion, replication, and maturation, thereby increasing the chances of viral survival in unfavorable conditions inside the host cell. In this review, we summarize the roles of the heat shock protein family in various stages of viral infection and the potential uses of these proteins in antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhen Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Yu,
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Chen SH, Xu DD, Zhou PJ, Wang Y, Liu QY, Ren Z, Liu Z, Wang X, Huang HQ, Xue X, Wang Y, Wang YF. Combination treatment with sorafenib and wh‑4 additively suppresses the proliferation of liver cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:232. [PMID: 35222709 PMCID: PMC8815050 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hong Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Xu
- College of Biotechnology, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510520, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Jun Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Ying Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Ren
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510520, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Qing Huang
- College of Biotechnology, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510520, P.R. China
| | - Xue Xue
- College of Biotechnology, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510520, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
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Kumari D, Fisher EA, Brodsky JL. Hsp40s play distinct roles during the initial stages of apolipoprotein B biogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 33:ar15. [PMID: 34910568 PMCID: PMC9236142 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-09-0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is the primary component of atherogenic lipoproteins, which transport serum fats and cholesterol. Therefore, elevated levels of circulating ApoB are a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease. During ApoB biosynthesis in the liver and small intestine under nutrient-rich conditions, ApoB cotranslationally translocates into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is lipidated and ultimately secreted. Under lipid-poor conditions, ApoB is targeted for ER Associated Degradation (ERAD). Although prior work identified select chaperones that regulate ApoB biogenesis, the contributions of cytoplasmic Hsp40s are undefined. To this end, we screened ApoB-expressing yeast and determined that a class A ER-associated Hsp40, Ydj1, associates with and facilitates the ERAD of ApoB. Consistent with these results, a homologous Hsp40, DNAJA1, functioned similarly in rat hepatoma cells. DNAJA1 deficient cells also secreted hyperlipidated lipoproteins, in accordance with attenuated ERAD. In contrast to the role of DNAJA1 during ERAD, DNAJB1-a class B Hsp40-helped stabilize ApoB. Depletion of DNAJA1 and DNAJB1 also led to opposing effects on ApoB ubiquitination. These data represent the first example in which different Hsp40s exhibit disparate effects during regulated protein biogenesis in the ER, and highlight distinct roles that chaperones can play on a single ERAD substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Kumari
- Department of Biological Sciences, A320 Langley Hall, Fifth & Ruskin Ave, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - Edward A Fisher
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, A320 Langley Hall, Fifth & Ruskin Ave, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
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Iheagwam FN, Okeke CO, De Campos OC, Adegboye BE, Ogunlana OO, Chinedu SN. Toxicopathological, proinflammatory and stress response evaluation of Terminalia catappa extract in male Wistar rats. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1769-1776. [PMID: 34712595 PMCID: PMC8528644 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to assess the oral safety, proinflammatory and stress response effect of Terminalia catappa aqueous leaf extract (TCA) in male Wistar rats. The acute and sub-acute oral toxicity of TCA was assessed using guidelines 423 and 407 of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), respectively. Signs of clinical toxicity, morbidity and mortality were observed. The biochemical, haematological, proinflammatory, stress response and histopathological indices were assessed. In the acute toxicity study, no sign of clinical toxicity, morbidity, and mortality was observed for TCA treatment, up to 5000 mg/kg bwt. However, in the sub-acute toxicity study, repeated daily TCA treatment significantly (p<0.05) altered the body weight gain, plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and albumin concentration. There were no obvious morphological and macroscopic alterations in the organs investigated. TCA appear not to elicit any proinflammatory, stress, systemic and organ toxic effect when utilised at the reported dose and time frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklyn Nonso Iheagwam
- Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Covenant University Public Health and Wellbeing Research Cluster (CUPHWERC), Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Opeyemi Christianah De Campos
- Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Covenant University Public Health and Wellbeing Research Cluster (CUPHWERC), Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Bose Esther Adegboye
- Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Olubanke Olujoke Ogunlana
- Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Covenant University Public Health and Wellbeing Research Cluster (CUPHWERC), Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Shalom Nwodo Chinedu
- Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Covenant University Public Health and Wellbeing Research Cluster (CUPHWERC), Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Bahrami S, Kazemi B, Zali H, Black PC, Basiri A, Bandehpour M, Hedayati M, Sahebkar A. Discovering Therapeutic Protein Targets for Bladder Cancer Using Proteomic Data Analysis. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 13:150-172. [PMID: 31622214 DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666191016124935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer accounts for almost 54% of urinary system cancer and is the second most frequent cause of death in genitourinary malignancies after prostate cancer. About 70% of bladder tumors are non-muscle-invasive, and the rest are muscle-invasive. Recurrence of the tumor is the common feature of bladder cancer. Chemotherapy is a conventional treatment for MIBC, but it cannot improve the survival rate of these patients sufficiently. Therefore, researchers must develop new therapies. Antibody-based therapy is one of the most important strategies for the treatment of solid tumors. Selecting a suitable target is the most critical step for this strategy. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to detect therapeutic cell surface antigen targets in bladder cancer using data obtained by proteomic studies. METHODS Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) analysis had identified 131 overexpressed proteins in baldder cancer tissue and reverse-phase proteomic array (RPPA) analysis had been done for 343 tumor tissues and 208 antibodies. All identified proteins from two studies (131+208 proteins) were collected and duplicates were removed (331 unique proteins). Gene ontology study was performed using gene ontology (GO) and protein analysis through evolutionary relationships (PANTHER) databases. The Human Protein Atlas database was used to search the protein class and subcellular location of membrane proteins obtained from the PANTHER analysis. RESULTS Membrane proteins that could be suitable therapeutic targets for bladder cancer were selected. These included: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Her2, Kinase insert domain receptor (KDR), Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), HSP90, Transferrin receptor (TFRC), Activin A Receptor Like Type 1 (ACVRL1), and cadherin 2 (CDH2). Monoclonal antibodies against these proteins or their inhibitors were used for the treatment of different cancers in preclinical and clinical trials. CONCLUSION These monoclonal antibodies and inhibitor molecules and also their combination can be used for the treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Bahrami
- Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Kazemi
- Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Zali
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peter C Black
- Vancouver Prostate Center, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Abbas Basiri
- Department of Urology, Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Bandehpour
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Drug-Like Small Molecule HSP27 Functional Inhibitor Sensitizes Lung Cancer Cells to Gefitinib or Cisplatin by Inducing Altered Cross-Linked Hsp27 Dimers. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050630. [PMID: 33925114 PMCID: PMC8145107 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Relationships between heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) and cancer aggressiveness, metastasis, drug resistance, and poor patient outcomes in various cancer types including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were reported, and inhibition of HSP27 expression is suggested to be a possible strategy for cancer therapy. Unlike HSP90 or HSP70, HSP27 does not have an ATP-binding pocket, and no effective HSP27 inhibitors have been identified. Previously, NSCLC cancer cells were sensitized to radiation and chemotherapy when co-treated with small molecule HSP27 functional inhibitors such as zerumbone (ZER), SW15, and J2 that can induce abnormal cross-linked HSP27 dimer. In this study, cancer inhibition effects of NA49, a chromenone compound with better solubility, longer circulation time, and less toxicity than J2, were examined in combination with anticancer drugs such as cisplatin and gefitinib in NSCLC cell lines. When the cytotoxic drug cisplatin was treated in combination with NA49 in epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) WT cell lines, sensitization was induced in an HSP27 expression-dependent manner. With gefitinib treatment, NA49 showed increased combination effects in both EGFR WT and Mut cell lines, also with HSP27 expression-dependent patterns. Moreover, NA49 induced sensitization in EGFR Mut cells with a secondary mutation of T790M when combined with gefitinib. Augmented tumor growth inhibition was shown with the combination of cisplatin or gefitinib and NA49 in nude mouse xenograft models. These results suggest the combination of HSP27 inhibitor NA49 and anticancer agents as a candidate for overcoming HSP27-mediated drug resistance in NSCLC patients.
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A Driver Never Works Alone-Interplay Networks of Mutant p53, MYC, RAS, and Other Universal Oncogenic Drivers in Human Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061532. [PMID: 32545208 PMCID: PMC7353041 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge accumulating on the occurrence and mechanisms of the activation of oncogenes in human neoplasia necessitates an increasingly detailed understanding of their systemic interactions. None of the known oncogenic drivers work in isolation from the other oncogenic pathways. The cooperation between these pathways is an indispensable element of a multistep carcinogenesis, which apart from inactivation of tumor suppressors, always includes the activation of two or more proto-oncogenes. In this review we focus on representative examples of the interaction of major oncogenic drivers with one another. The drivers are selected according to the following criteria: (1) the highest frequency of known activation in human neoplasia (by mutations or otherwise), (2) activation in a wide range of neoplasia types (universality) and (3) as a part of a distinguishable pathway, (4) being a known cause of phenotypic addiction of neoplastic cells and thus a promising therapeutic target. Each of these universal oncogenic factors—mutant p53, KRAS and CMYC proteins, telomerase ribonucleoprotein, proteasome machinery, HSP molecular chaperones, NF-κB and WNT pathways, AP-1 and YAP/TAZ transcription factors and non-coding RNAs—has a vast network of molecular interrelations and common partners. Understanding this network allows for the hunt for novel therapeutic targets and protocols to counteract drug resistance in a clinical neoplasia treatment.
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12
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Thanner J, Bekos C, Veraar C, Janik S, Laggner M, Boehm PM, Schiefer AI, Müllauer L, Klepetko W, Ankersmit HJ, Moser B. Heat shock protein 90α in thymic epithelial tumors and non-thymomatous myasthenia gravis. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1756130. [PMID: 32923112 PMCID: PMC7458630 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1756130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare malignancies with unique association to the autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis (MG). Heat shock proteins (HSPs) harbor great potential as cancer biomarkers and HSP inhibitors approach clinical cancer therapy. Methods To explore HSP pathophysiology, we assessed sera (immunoassays) and tissues (immunohistochemistry) of TETs (and thymic tissues) for HSP27, phosphorylated (p)HSP27, HSP70 and HSP90α expression in 114 TETs and 26 non-thymomatous MG patients undergoing extended thymectomy. Results Serum concentrations of HSP90α were significantly increased in patients with thymic carcinomas, thymomas, thymic neuroendocrine tumors and non-thymomatous MG compared to patients who underwent thymectomy revealing regular thymic morphology or controls. In thymoma patients, high serum HSP90α represented a significantly worse prognostic factor for free-from-recurrence, and complete tumor resection led to decreased levels. The expression of HSP90 in nuclei and cytoplasm of tumor cells and non-neoplastic lymphocytes varied with WHO histological subtype. HSP90 was expressed in centroblasts of thymic germinal centers in MG patients. Higher pHSP27 serum concentrations were observed in seropositive MG and those not treated with steroids. Conclusions HSP data suggest high potential for HSPs as TET cancer biomarkers or as candidates for targeted therapy. Caution is warranted in TET patients with associated MG overexpressing HSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Thanner
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Bekos
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of General Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cecilia Veraar
- Department of Anaesthesiology, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Division of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Janik
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Laggner
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Panja M Boehm
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana-Iris Schiefer
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonhard Müllauer
- Department of Anaesthesiology, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Division of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Klepetko
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hendrik Jan Ankersmit
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Head FFG Project "APOSEC", FOLAB Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Moser
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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13
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Long noncoding RNA LINC00520 accelerates the progression of colorectal cancer by serving as a competing endogenous RNA of microRNA-577 to increase HSP27 expression. Hum Cell 2020; 33:683-694. [PMID: 32146708 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) LINC00520 is an important modulator of the oncogenicity of multiple human cancers. However, whether LINC00520 is involved in the malignant characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been extensively studied until recently. Therefore, the present study aimed to detect LINC00520 expression in CRC and evaluate its clinical significance in patients with CRC. Functional experiments were conducted to test the biological roles and underlying mechanisms of LINC00520 in CRC progression. In this study, high-LINC00520 expression was verified in CRC tissues and cell lines, and this high expression was associated with patients' unfavorable clinicopathological parameters and shorter overall survival and disease-free survival. Functionally, interference of LINC00520 resulted in a significant decrease of CRC cell proliferation, migration, colony forming ability, and invasion. Mechanistically, LINC00520 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA by sponging microRNA-577 (miR-577) and thereby increasing heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) expression. Rescue experiments revealed that inhibiting miR-577 or restoring HSP27 could abrogate the effects of LINC00520 silencing on malignant phenotypes of CRC. LINC00520 functioned as an oncogenic lncRNA in CRC, and it facilitated CRC progression by regulating the miR-577/HSP27 axis, suggesting that the LINC00520/miR-577/HSP27 axis is an effective target in anticancer management.
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14
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Milani A, Basirnejad M, Bolhassani A. Heat-shock proteins in diagnosis and treatment: an overview of different biochemical and immunological functions. Immunotherapy 2020; 11:215-239. [PMID: 30730280 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) have been involved in different functions including chaperone activity, protein folding, apoptosis, autophagy and immunity. The HSP families have powerful effects on the stimulation of innate immune responses through Toll-like receptors and scavenger receptors. Moreover, HSP-mediated phagocytosis directly enhances the processing and presentation of internalized antigens via the endocytic pathway in adaptive immune system. These properties of HSPs have been used for development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against infectious and noninfectious diseases. Several studies also demonstrated the relationship between HSPs and drug resistance as well as their use as a novel biomarker for detecting tumors in patients. The present review describes different roles of HSPs in biology and medicine especially biochemical and immunological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Milani
- Department of Hepatitis & AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian Comprehensive Hemophilia Care Center, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis & AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Heat Shock Proteins in Cancer Immunotherapy. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:3267207. [PMID: 31885572 PMCID: PMC6927063 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3267207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are highly conserved molecular chaperones with divergent roles in various cellular processes. The HSPs are classified according to their molecular size as HSP27, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90. The HSPs prevent nonspecific cellular aggregation of proteins by maintaining their native folding energetics. The disruption of this vital cellular process, driven by the aberrant expression of HSPs, is implicated in the progression of several different carcinomas. Many HSPs are also actively involved in promoting the proliferation and differentiation of tumor cells, contributing to their metastatic phenotype. Upregulation of these HSPs is associated with the poor outcome of anticancer therapy in clinical settings. On the other hand, these highly expressed HSPs may be exploited as viable immunotherapeutic targets for different types of cancers. This review discusses recent advances and perspectives on the research of HSP-based cancer immunotherapy.
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16
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Targeting Heat Shock Protein 27 in Cancer: A Druggable Target for Cancer Treatment? Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081195. [PMID: 31426426 PMCID: PMC6721579 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), induced by heat shock, environmental, and pathophysiological stressors, is a multi-functional protein that acts as a protein chaperone and an antioxidant. HSP27 plays a significant role in the inhibition of apoptosis and actin cytoskeletal remodeling. HSP27 is upregulated in many cancers and is associated with a poor prognosis, as well as treatment resistance, whereby cells are protected from therapeutic agents that normally induce apoptosis. This review highlights the most recent findings and role of HSP27 in cancer, as well as the strategies for using HSP27 inhibitors for therapeutic purposes.
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17
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Xu L, Lin X, Zheng Y, Zhou H. Silencing of heat shock protein 27 increases the radiosensitivity of non‑small cell lung carcinoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:613-621. [PMID: 31115576 PMCID: PMC6580021 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a useful treatment for malignant tumors, including lung carcinoma; however, non‑small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is frequently insensitive to radiation. It has been reported that heat shock protein 27 (HSPB1) is a radioresistance‑associated protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In the present study, the role of HSPB1 in NSCLC cells induced by irradiation was investigated. The viability of cells was determined by a Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay. The apoptotic activity, cell cycle distribution and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of cells were evaluated via flow cytometry. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses were employed to measure the expression of various genes and proteins. It was observed that knockdown of HSPB1 with small interfering RNA (si‑HSPB1) markedly decreased the viability of A549 NSCLC cells and induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase following exposure to 6 Gy irradiation. Furthermore, it was revealed that si‑HSPB1 significantly downregulated cyclin B1 and cyclin G1 expression. Additionally, si‑HSPB1 promoted apoptosis and depolarized the MMP of cells exposed to 6 Gy irradiation. The expression levels of B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2), mitochondrial cytochrome c (cyto c) and pro‑caspase‑8 were downregulated, whereas those of Bcl‑2 associated X protein (Bax), cytosolic cyto c and cleaved‑caspase‑8 were upregulated. Collectively, silencing of HSPB1 increased the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cells by reducing cell viability, depolarizing the MMP, arresting the cell cycle in the G2/M phase and promoting cell apoptosis. Therefore, HSPB1 may be a novel target for increasing radiosensitivity in the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Jiangshan People's Hospital, Jiangshan, Zhejiang 324100, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Lin
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Jiangshan People's Hospital, Jiangshan, Zhejiang 324100, P.R. China
| | - Yihua Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Jiangshan People's Hospital, Jiangshan, Zhejiang 324100, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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18
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Streicher JM. The Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Regulating Receptor Signal Transduction. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 95:468-474. [PMID: 30670482 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.114652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsp) are a class of stress-inducible proteins that mainly act as molecular protein chaperones. This chaperone activity is diverse, including assisting in nascent protein folding and regulating client protein location and translocation within the cell. The main proteins within the Hsp family, particularly Hsp70 and Hsp90, also have a highly diverse and numerous set of protein clients, which when combined with the high expression levels of Hsp proteins (2%-6% of total protein content) establishes these molecules as "central regulators" of cell protein physiology. Among the client proteins, Hsps regulate numerous signal-transduction and receptor-regulatory kinases, and indeed directly regulate some receptors themselves. This also makes the Hsps, particularly Hsp90, central regulators of signal-transduction machinery, with important impacts on endogenous and drug ligand responses. Among these roles, Hsp90 in particular acts to maintain mature signaling kinases in a metastable conformation permissive for signaling activation. In this review, we will focus on the roles of the Hsps, with a special focus on Hsp90, in regulating receptor signaling and subsequent physiologic responses. We will also explore potential means to manipulate Hsp function to improve receptor-targeted therapies. Overall, Hsps are important regulators of receptor signaling that are receiving increasing interest and exploration, particularly as Hsp90 inhibitors progress toward clinical approval for the treatment of cancer. Understanding the complex interplay of Hsp regulation of receptor signaling may provide important avenues to improve patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Streicher
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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19
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Li N, Wang T, Li Z, Ye X, Deng B, Zhuo S, Yao P, Yang M, Mei H, Chen X, Zhu T, Chen S, Wang H, Wang J, Le Y. Dorsomorphin induces cancer cell apoptosis and sensitizes cancer cells to HSP90 and proteasome inhibitors by reducing nuclear heat shock factor 1 levels. Cancer Biol Med 2019; 16:220-233. [PMID: 31516744 PMCID: PMC6713636 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2018.0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), a transcriptional regulator of heat shock proteins (HSPs), is an attractive therapeutic target for cancer. However, only a few HSF1 inhibitors have been identified so far. Methods The mRNA and protein levels of HSF1, HSPs, cleaved PARP, and phosphorylated HSF1 were examined by real-time PCR and Western blot. Forced expression, RNA interference, and immunofluorescence assay were used for mechanistic studies. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by WST-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Xenograft studies were performed in nude mice to evaluate the effect of dorsomorphin and an HSP90 inhibitor on tumor growth. Results Dorsomorphin suppressed multiple stimuli-induced and constitutive HSPs expression in cancer cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that dorsomorphin reduced heat-induced HSP expression independent of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase. Dorsomorphin reduced heat-stimulated HSF1 Ser320 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, as well as resting nuclear HSF1 levels in cancer cells. Dorsomorphin induced cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting HSF1 expression. A structure-activity study revealed that the 4-pyridyl at the 3-site of the pyrazolo [1, 5-a]pyrimidine ring is critical for the anti-HSF1 activities of dorsomorphin. Dorsomorphin sensitized cancer cells to HSP90 and proteasome inhibitors and inhibited HSP70 expression induced by these inhibitors in vitro. In tumor-bearing nude mice, dorsomorphin enhanced HSP90 inhibitor-induced cancer cell apoptosis, tumor growth inhibition, and HSP70 expression.
Conclusions Dorsomorphin is an HSF1 inhibitor. It induces cancer cell apoptosis, sensitizes cancer cells to both HSP90 and proteasome inhibitors, and suppresses HSP upregulation by these drugs, which may prevent the development of drug resistance. Hence, dorsomorphin and its derivates may serve as potential precursors for developing drugs against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ting Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zongmeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaoli Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bo Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shu Zhuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Pengle Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Mengmei Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hong Mei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaofang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tengfei Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shiting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Jiming Wang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick 21702, MD, USA
| | - Yingying Le
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100022, China
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20
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Olotu F, Adeniji E, Agoni C, Bjij I, Khan S, Elrashedy A, Soliman M. An update on the discovery and development of selective heat shock protein inhibitors as anti-cancer therapy. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:903-918. [PMID: 30207185 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1516035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the years, not a single HSP inhibitor has progressed into the post-market phase of drug development despite the success recorded in various pre-clinical and clinical studies. The inability of existing drugs to specifically target oncogenic HSPs has majorly accounted for these setbacks. Recent combinatorial strategies that incorporated computer-aided drug design (CADD) techniques are geared towards the development of highly specific HSP inhibitors with increased activities and minimal toxicities. Areas covered: In this review, strategic therapeutic approaches that have recently aided the development of selective HSP inhibitors were highlighted. Also, the significant contributions of CADD techniques over the years were discussed in detail. This article further describes promising computational paradigms and their applications towards the discovery of highly specific inhibitors of oncogenic HSPs. Expert opinion: The recent shift towards highly selective and specific HSP inhibition has shown great promise as evidenced by the development of paralog/isoform-selective HSP drugs. It could be further augmented with computer-aided drug design strategies, which incorporate reliable methods that would greatly enhance the design and optimization of novel inhibitors with improved activities and minimal toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fisayo Olotu
- a Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa
| | - Emmanuel Adeniji
- a Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa
| | - Clement Agoni
- a Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa
| | - Imane Bjij
- a Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa
| | - Shama Khan
- a Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa
| | | | - Mahmoud Soliman
- a Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa
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21
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Şengelen A, Önay-Uçar E. Rosmarinic acid and siRNA combined therapy represses Hsp27 (HSPB1) expression and induces apoptosis in human glioma cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:885-896. [PMID: 29627902 PMCID: PMC6111096 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0896-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High expression of Hsp27 in glioma cells has been closely associated with tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis inhibition. The aim of the present study was to asses the effects of rosmarinic acid (RA) on Hsp27 expression and apoptosis in non-transfected and transfected human U-87 MG cells. The effect of rosmarinic acid was compared to quercetin, which is known to be a good Hsp27 inhibitor. In order to block the expression of Hsp27 gene (HSPB1), transfection with specific siRNAs was performed. Western blotting technique was used to assess the Hsp27 expression, and caspase-3 colorimetric activity assay was performed to determine apoptosis induction. According to the results, it was found that RA and quercetin effectively silenced Hsp27 and both agents induced apoptosis by activating the caspase-3 pathway. Eighty and 215 μM RA decreased the level of Hsp27 by 28.8 and 46.7% and induced apoptosis by 30 and 54%, respectively. For the first time, we reported that rosmarinic acid has the ability to trigger caspase-3 induced apoptosis in human glioma cells. As a result of siRNA transfection, the Hsp27 gene was silenced by ~ 50% but did not cause a statistically significant change in caspase-3 activation. It was also observed that apoptosis was induced at a higher level as a result of Hsp27 siRNA and subsequent quercetin or RA treatment. siRNA transfection and 215 μM RA treatment suppressed Hsp27 expression level by 90.5% and increased caspase-3 activity by 58%. Herein, we demonstrated that RA administered with siRNA seems to be a potent combination for glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan Şengelen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Evren Önay-Uçar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey
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22
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Wang Y, Lu Z, Wang N, Feng J, Zhang J, Luan L, Zhao W, Zeng X. Long noncoding RNA DANCR promotes colorectal cancer proliferation and metastasis via miR-577 sponging. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-17. [PMID: 29717105 PMCID: PMC5938019 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key roles in various malignant tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Long non-coding RNA differentiation antagonizing non-protein coding RNA (DANCR) is overexpressed in CRC patients, but whether it affects CRC proliferation and metastasis via regulation of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) remains unclear. In the present study, we found that DANCR was highly expressed and correlated with proliferation and metastasis in CRC. In addition, we demonstrated that DANCR and HSP27 were both targets of microRNA-577 (miR-577) and shared the same binding site. Furthermore, we revealed that DANCR promoted HSP27 expression and its mediation of proliferation/metastasis via miR-577 sponging. Finally, using an in vivo study, we confirmed that overexpression of DANCR promoted CRC tumor growth and liver metastasis. The present study demonstrated the function of DANCR in CRC and might provide a new target in the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- The 4th Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110024, China
| | - Zhi Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Ningnin Wang
- The 2nd Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110024, China
| | - Jianzhou Feng
- The 4th Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110024, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110024, China
| | - Lan Luan
- Department of Pathology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110024, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- The 4th Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110024, China
| | - Xiandong Zeng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110024, China.
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23
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Liu S, Tang Y, Yan M, Jiang W. PIK3CA mutation sensitizes breast cancer cells to synergistic therapy of PI3K inhibition and AMPK activation. Invest New Drugs 2018; 36:763-772. [PMID: 29504069 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer has been emerging as a most common threat among women, thus many efforts were made to find drugs for fighting breast cancer. So far, PI3K (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitors have been believed to be effective drugs until frequent resistance emerged. Recently, PI3K H1047R mutation has been reported to sensitize breast cancer cells to PI3K inhibition by aspirin. Considering aspirin activates AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) simultaneously, it is possible that AMPK activators and PI3K inhibitors can synergistically inhibit breast cancers. Here we clearly observed synergistic suppression of cell growth in all three breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-361 and HCC38) when co-treating cells with PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 and AMPK activator AICAR (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide). What is more, it is rather remarkable that the synergistic effect was much more dramatic in PIK3CA (PI3K catalytic subunit alpha) mutated (E545K) cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-361) than in PIK3CA wild-type cells (HCC38), which implied there is a relationship between PI3K genetic status and the efficacy of combination therapy. By using PIK3CA wild-type isogenic MCF-7 cell line, which exhibited attenuated cell proliferation compared with the parental MCF-7 cell line, we found endogenous reverse mutation of PIK3CA E545K alleles to wild-type sequence in MCF-7 cells dramatically impaired the synergy of PI3Ki&Ka (combinatorial PI3K inhibition and AMPK activation). Furthermore, PI3Ki&Ka significantly attenuated tumorigenesis of parental MCF-7 cells but not PIK3CA wild-type isogenic MCF-7 cells in tumor xenograft models. Taken together, our results suggest a promising precision therapy of PI3Ki&Ka in PIK3CA mutant breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yunhong Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Maomao Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Weixi Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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Meng E, Shevde LA, Samant RS. Emerging roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of DNAJB6 in cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:53984-53996. [PMID: 27276715 PMCID: PMC5288237 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
DNAJB6 also known as mammalian relative of DnaJ (MRJ) encodes a highly conserved member of the DnaJ/Hsp40 family of co-chaperone proteins that function with Hsp70 chaperones. DNAJB6 is widely expressed in all tissues, with higher expression levels detected in the brain. DNAJB6 is involved in diverse cellular functions ranging from murine placental development, reducing the formation and toxicity of mis-folded protein aggregates, to self-renewal of neural stem cells. Involvement of DNAJB6 is implicated in multiple pathologies such as Huntington's disease, Parkinson's diseases, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cancer. This review summarizes the important involvement of the spliced isoforms of DNAJB6 in various pathologies with a specific focus on the emerging roles of human DNAJB6 in cancer and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhong Meng
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Beijing DOING Biomedical Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing,China
| | - Lalita A Shevde
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rajeev S Samant
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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25
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Kim JH, Jung YJ, Choi B, Lee NL, Lee HJ, Kwak SY, Kwon Y, Na Y, Lee YS. Overcoming HSP27-mediated resistance by altered dimerization of HSP27 using small molecules. Oncotarget 2018; 7:53178-53190. [PMID: 27449291 PMCID: PMC5288177 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27, HSPB1) is an anti-apoptotic protein characterized for its tumorigenic and metastatic properties, and now referenced as a major therapeutic target in many types of cancer. The biochemical properties of HSP27 rely on a structural oligomeric and dynamic organization that is important for its chaperone activity. Down-regulation by small interfering RNA or inhibition with a dominant-negative mutant efficiently counteracts the anti-apoptotic and protective properties of HSP27. However, unlike other HSPs such as HSP90 and HSP70, small molecule approaches for neutralization of HSP27 are not well established because of the absence of an ATP binding domain. Previously, we found that a small molecule, zerumbone (ZER), induced altered dimerization of HSP27 by cross linking the cysteine residues required to build a large oligomer, led to sensitization in combination with radiation. In this study, we identified another small molecule, a xanthone compound, more capable of altering dimeric HSP27 than ZER and yielding sensitization in human lung cancer cells when combined with HSP90 inhibitors or standard anticancer modalities such as irradiation and cytotoxic anticancer drugs. Therefore, altered dimerization of HSP27 represents a good strategy for anticancer therapy in HSP27-overexpressing cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hye Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-720, Korea
| | - Ye Jin Jung
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-720, Korea
| | - Byeol Choi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-720, Korea
| | - Na Lim Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-720, Korea
| | - Hae Jun Lee
- Division of Radiation Effects, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 139-706, Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Pocheon, 487-010, Korea
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-720, Korea
| | - Younghwa Na
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Pocheon, 487-010, Korea
| | - Yun-Sil Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-720, Korea
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26
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Önay Uçar E, Şengelen A, Mertoğlu E, Pekmez M, Arda N. Suppression of HSP70 Expression by Quercetin and Its Therapeutic Potential Against Cancer. HSP70 IN HUMAN DISEASES AND DISORDERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89551-2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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Grimmig T, Moll EM, Kloos K, Thumm R, Moench R, Callies S, Kreckel J, Vetterlein M, Pelz J, Polat B, Tripathi S, Rehder R, Ribas CM, Chandraker A, Germer CT, Waaga-Gasser AM, Gasser M. Upregulated Heat Shock Proteins After Hyperthermic Chemotherapy Point to Induced Cell Survival Mechanisms in Affected Tumor Cells From Peritoneal Carcinomatosis. CANCER GROWTH AND METASTASIS 2017; 10:1179064417730559. [PMID: 29403306 PMCID: PMC5791678 DOI: 10.1177/1179064417730559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) represents a promising treatment strategy. Here, we studied the role of hyperthermic chemotherapy on heat shock protein (HSP) expression and induction of tumor cell death and survival. HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90 combined with effects on tumor cell proliferation and chemosensitivity were analyzed in human colon cancer. Hyperthermic chemotherapy resulted in significant HSP27/HSP70 and HSP90 gene/protein overexpression in analyzed HT-29/SW480/SW620 colon cancer cells and peritoneal metastases from patients displaying amplified expression of proliferation markers, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL. Moreover, functionally increased chemoresistance against 5-fluorouracil/mitomycin C and oxaliplatin after hyperthermic chemotherapy points to induced survival mechanisms in cancer cells. In conclusion, the results indicate that intracellular HSP-associated antiapoptotic and proliferative effects after hyperthermic chemotherapy negatively influence beneficial effects of hyperthermic chemotherapy-induced cell death. Therefore, blocking HSPs could be a promising strategy to further improve the rate of tumor cell death and outcome of patients undergoing HIPEC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Grimmig
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Moll
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kloos
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Thumm
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Romana Moench
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Simone Callies
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Kreckel
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Malte Vetterlein
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Pelz
- Department of Surgery I, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Buelent Polat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sudipta Tripathi
- Transplant Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roberta Rehder
- Evangelical Medical School, Faculty University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Carmen M Ribas
- Evangelical Medical School, Faculty University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Anil Chandraker
- Transplant Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ana Maria Waaga-Gasser
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Transplant Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Gasser
- Department of Surgery I, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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28
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Pokharel D, Roseblade A, Oenarto V, Lu JF, Bebawy M. Proteins regulating the intercellular transfer and function of P-glycoprotein in multidrug-resistant cancer. Ecancermedicalscience 2017; 11:768. [PMID: 29062386 PMCID: PMC5636210 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2017.768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is an essential part of anticancer treatment. However, the overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and the subsequent emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) hampers successful treatment clinically. P-gp is a multidrug efflux transporter that functions to protect cells from xenobiotics by exporting them out from the plasma membrane to the extracellular space. P-gp inhibitors have been developed in an attempt to overcome P-gp-mediated MDR; however, lack of specificity and dose limiting toxicity have limited their effectiveness clinically. Recent studies report on accessory proteins that either directly or indirectly regulate P-gp expression and function and which are necessary for the establishment of the functional phenotype in cancer cells. This review discusses the role of these proteins, some of which have been recently proposed to comprise an interactive complex, and discusses their contribution towards MDR. We also discuss the role of other pathways and proteins in regulating P-gp expression in cells. The potential for these proteins as novel therapeutic targets provides new opportunities to circumvent MDR clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep Pokharel
- Discipline of Pharmacy, The Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ariane Roseblade
- Discipline of Pharmacy, The Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Vici Oenarto
- Discipline of Pharmacy, The Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jamie F Lu
- Discipline of Pharmacy, The Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Mary Bebawy
- Discipline of Pharmacy, The Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.,Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology and Therapeutics, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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29
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Targeting Heat Shock Proteins in Cancer: A Promising Therapeutic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091978. [PMID: 28914774 PMCID: PMC5618627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a large family of chaperones that are involved in protein folding and maturation of a variety of "client" proteins protecting them from degradation, oxidative stress, hypoxia, and thermal stress. Hence, they are significant regulators of cellular proliferation, differentiation and strongly implicated in the molecular orchestration of cancer development and progression as many of their clients are well established oncoproteins in multiple tumor types. Interestingly, tumor cells are more HSP chaperonage-dependent than normal cells for proliferation and survival because the oncoproteins in cancer cells are often misfolded and require augmented chaperonage activity for correction. This led to the development of several inhibitors of HSP90 and other HSPs that have shown promise both preclinically and clinically in the treatment of cancer. In this article, we comprehensively review the roles of some of the important HSPs in cancer, and how targeting them could be efficacious, especially when traditional cancer therapies fail.
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30
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Hwang SY, Kwak SY, Kwon Y, Lee YS, Na Y. Synthesis and biological effect of chrom-4-one derivatives as functional inhibitors of heat shock protein 27. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:892-900. [PMID: 28869891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Heat Shock Protein 27 (HSP27) is a member of small heat shock proteins with a highly-conserved α-crystalline domain. It inhibits aggregation of damaged proteins through a complex structural systems of phosphorylation-dependent oligomerization and self-assembly. It has been demonstrated that HSP27 is involved in a variety of pathophysiological pathways with negative or positive protective activities. In this study, we synthesized six chromone analogs possessing thiiran-2-ylmethoxy or oxyran-2-ylmethoxy substituents and evaluated their biological activities against HSP27 protein. Compounds YK598-2, J4 and J2 induced significant abnormal HSP27 dimer formation in NCI-H460, a human lung cancer cell line. In synergistic anticancer activity test, the compounds effectively producing abnormal HSP27 cross-linking remarkably enhanced the antiproliferative activity of 17-AAG, a HSP90 inhibitor. Target specificity test using the HSP27-silenced cells (shHSP27) showed that compounds YK598-2, J4, and J2 significantly lost their cross-linking activity only under conditions when HSP27 was deprived of. In the evaluation of cancer cell sensitization with cisplatin, cisplatin-induced lung cancer cell growth inhibition was sensitized with statistical significance by J4 and J2 as compared to compound alone treatment. These results suggest that abnormal HSP27 dimerization can be an efficient control point for cancer cell proliferation and chromone compounds might have potential as anticancer agents that modulate abnormal HSP27 dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Pocheon, 487-010, South Korea
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea
| | - Yun-Sil Lee
- College of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea.
| | - Younghwa Na
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Pocheon, 487-010, South Korea.
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31
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Lei W, Mullen N, McCarthy S, Brann C, Richard P, Cormier J, Edwards K, Bilsky EJ, Streicher JM. Heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) promotes opioid-induced anti-nociception by an ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) mechanism in mouse brain. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:10414-10428. [PMID: 28450396 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.769489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in developing opioid treatments for pain with reduced side effects have focused on the signaling cascades of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR). However, few such signaling targets have been identified for exploitation. To address this need, we explored the role of heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) in opioid-induced MOR signaling and pain, which has only been studied in four previous articles. First, in four cell models of MOR signaling, we found that Hsp90 inhibition for 24 h with the inhibitor 17-N-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) had different effects on protein expression and opioid signaling in each line, suggesting that cell models may not be reliable for predicting pharmacology with this protein. We thus developed an in vivo model using CD-1 mice with an intracerebroventricular injection of 17-AAG for 24 h. We found that Hsp90 inhibition strongly blocked morphine-induced anti-nociception in models of post-surgical and HIV neuropathic pain but only slightly blocked anti-nociception in a naive tail-flick model, while enhancing morphine-induced precipitated withdrawal. Seeking a mechanism for these changes, we found that Hsp90 inhibition blocks ERK MAPK activation in the periaqueductal gray and caudal brain stem. We tested these signaling changes by inhibiting ERK in the above-mentioned pain models and found that ERK inhibition could account for all of the changes in anti-nociception induced by Hsp90 inhibition. Taken together, these findings suggest that Hsp90 promotes opioid-induced anti-nociception by an ERK mechanism in mouse brain and that Hsp90 could be a future target for improving the therapeutic index of opioid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lei
- From the Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Nathan Mullen
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine 04005, and
| | - Sarah McCarthy
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine 04005, and
| | - Courtney Brann
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine 04005, and
| | - Philomena Richard
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine 04005, and
| | - James Cormier
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine 04005, and
| | - Katie Edwards
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine 04005, and
| | - Edward J Bilsky
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine 04005, and.,the Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pacific Northwest University, Yakima, Washington 98901
| | - John M Streicher
- From the Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724,
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32
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Nosareva OL, Ryazantseva NV, Stepovaya EA, Shakhristova EV, Stepanova EA, Gulaya VS. [The role of heat shock proteins 27 and 70 in redox-dependent regulation of apoptosis in Jurkat tumor cells]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2017; 62:670-673. [PMID: 28026811 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20166206670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins Hsp) act as molecular chaperones, protecting enzymes and other proteins against reactive oxygen species. The objective of the study was to investigate the role of Hsp27 in maintaining the balance of the glutathione system and Hsp70 concentrations as well as in implementing Jurkat tumor cell apoptosis. Addition of the Hsp27 inhibitor KRIBB3 (5-(5-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-isoxazol) to Jurkat cells resulted in glutathione redox imbalance (increased GSSG and increased glutathione reductase activity), a decrease in Hsp70 concentrations, and also increased cell apoptosis as compared with to the intact cell culture. The proposed selective regulation of chaperone activity is a promising direction in regulating apoptosis at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- O L Nosareva
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - V S Gulaya
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
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33
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Wang Y, Koay YC, McAlpine SR. Redefining the Phenotype of Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) Inhibitors. Chemistry 2017; 23:2010-2013. [PMID: 27862436 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The phenotypes produced when cells are treated with the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitors AUY922 or 17-AAG (classical inhibitors) are different to those produced when cells are knocked down with Hsp90α. Pull-down assays using classical inhibitors suggest that these molecules bind to multiple targets other than Hsp90. Classical inhibitors also induce similar protein markers as other anti-cancer therapies cisplatin and bortezomib that do not target Hsp90. Together these data suggest that AUY922 and 17-AAG acts on multiple targets and likely kills cells through multiple mechanisms. Comparing these classical inhibitors to the effects seen when treating cells with C-terminal Hsp90 modulators reveals that C-terminal modulators effectively bind to Hsp90, and induce phenotypic markers consistent with the Hsp90α CRISPR knockdown data. Our findings challenge the current interpretation of Hsp90 inhibitors and suggest that a large body of literature that describes the Hsp90 phenotype and inhibitors is re-examined in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yen Chin Koay
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shelli R McAlpine
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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34
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Armstrong HK, Koay YC, Irani S, Das R, Nassar ZD, Selth LA, Centenera MM, McAlpine SR, Butler LM. A Novel Class of Hsp90 C-Terminal Modulators Have Pre-Clinical Efficacy in Prostate Tumor Cells Without Induction of a Heat Shock Response. Prostate 2016; 76:1546-1559. [PMID: 27526951 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While there is compelling rationale to use heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitors for treatment of advanced prostate cancer, agents that target the N-terminal ATP-binding site of Hsp90 have shown little clinical benefit. These N-terminal binding agents induce a heat shock response that activates compensatory heat shock proteins, which is believed to contribute in part to the agents' lack of efficacy. Here, we describe the functional characterization of two novel agents, SM253 and SM258, that bind the N-middle linker region of Hsp90, resulting in reduced client protein activation and preventing C-terminal co-chaperones and client proteins from binding to Hsp90. METHODS Inhibition of Hsp90 activity in prostate cancer cells by SM253 and SM 258 was assessed by pull-down assays. Cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis were assayed in prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, 22Rv1, PC-3) cultured with N-terminal Hsp90 inhibitors (AUY922, 17-AAG), SM253 or SM258. Expression of HSR heat shock proteins, Hsp90 client proteins and co-chaperones was assessed by immunoblotting. Efficacy of the SM compounds was evaluated in human primary prostate tumors cultured ex vivo by immunohistochemical detection of Hsp70 and Ki67. RESULTS SM253 and SM258 exhibit antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity in multiple prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, 22Rv1, and PC-3) at low micromolar concentrations. Unlike the N-terminal inhibitors AUY922 and 17-AAG, these SM agents do not induce expression of Hsp27, Hsp40, or Hsp70, proteins that are characteristic of the heat shock response, in any of the prostate cell lines analyzed. Notably, SM258 significantly reduced proliferation within 2 days in human primary prostate tumors cultured ex vivo, without the significant induction of Hsp70 that was caused by AUY922 in the tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide the first evidence of efficacy of this class of C-terminal modulators of Hsp90 in human prostate tumors, and indicate that further evaluation of these promising new agents is warranted. Prostate 76:1546-1559, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather K Armstrong
- School of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yen Chin Koay
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Swati Irani
- School of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rajdeep Das
- School of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Zeyad D Nassar
- School of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Luke A Selth
- School of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Margaret M Centenera
- School of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shelli R McAlpine
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Lisa M Butler
- School of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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35
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Janik S, Schiefer AI, Bekos C, Hacker P, Haider T, Moser J, Klepetko W, Müllauer L, Ankersmit HJ, Moser B. HSP27 and 70 expression in thymic epithelial tumors and benign thymic alterations: diagnostic, prognostic and physiologic implications. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24267. [PMID: 27097982 PMCID: PMC4838882 DOI: 10.1038/srep24267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymic Epithelial Tumors (TETs), the most common tumors in the anterior mediastinum in adults, show a unique association with autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis (MG) and represent a multidisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Neither risk factors nor established biomarkers for TETs exist. Predictive and diagnostic markers are urgently needed. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are upregulated in several malignancies promoting tumor cell survival and metastases. We performed immunohistochemical staining of HSP27 and 70 in patients with TETs (n = 101) and patients with benign thymic alterations (n = 24). Further, serum HSP27 and 70 concentrations were determined in patients with TETs (n = 46), patients with benign thymic alterations (n = 33) and volunteers (n = 49) by using ELISA. HSPs were differentially expressed in histologic types and pathological tumor stages of TETs. Weak HSP tumor expression correlated with worse freedom from recurrence. Serum HSP concentrations were elevated in TETs and MG, correlated with clinical tumor stage and histologic subtype and decreased significantly after complete tumor resection. To conclude, we found HSP expression in the vast majority of TETs, in physiologic thymus and staining intensities in patients with TETs have been associated with prognosis. However, although interesting and promising the role of HSPs in TETs as diagnostic and prognostic or even therapeutic markers need to be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Janik
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Regeneration of Cardiac and Thoracic Diseases, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - A I Schiefer
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - C Bekos
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Regeneration of Cardiac and Thoracic Diseases, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - P Hacker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Regeneration of Cardiac and Thoracic Diseases, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - T Haider
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Regeneration of Cardiac and Thoracic Diseases, Medical University Vienna, Austria.,University Clinic for Trauma Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - J Moser
- Departments of Dermatology and Venereology and Karl Landsteiner Institute of Dermatological Research, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - W Klepetko
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - L Müllauer
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - H J Ankersmit
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Regeneration of Cardiac and Thoracic Diseases, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - B Moser
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Austria
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36
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Howe MK, Speer BL, Hughes PF, Loiselle DR, Vasudevan S, Haystead TAJ. An inducible heat shock protein 70 small molecule inhibitor demonstrates anti-dengue virus activity, validating Hsp70 as a host antiviral target. Antiviral Res 2016; 130:81-92. [PMID: 27058774 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An estimated three billion people are at risk of Dengue virus (DENV) infection worldwide and there are currently no approved therapeutic interventions for DENV infection. Due to the relatively small size of the DENV genome, DENV is reliant on host factors throughout the viral life cycle. The inducible form of Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70i) has been implicated as a host factor in DENV pathogenesis, however the complete role remains to be elucidated. Here we further illustrate the importance of Hsp70i in dengue virus pathogenesis and describe the antiviral activity of the allosteric small molecule inhibitor that is selective for Hsp70i, called HS-72. In monocytes, Hsp70i is expressed at low levels preceding DENV infection, but Hsp70i expression is induced upon DENV infection. Targeting Hsp70i with HS-72, results in a dose dependent reduction in DENV infected monocytes, while cell viability was maintained. HS-72 works to reduce DENV infection by inhibiting the entry stage of the viral life cycle, through disrupting the association of Hsp70i with the DENV receptor complex. This work highlights Hsp70i as an antiviral target and HS-72 as a potential anti-DENV therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Howe
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brittany L Speer
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Philip F Hughes
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David R Loiselle
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Subhash Vasudevan
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Graduate and Medical School, Singapore
| | - Timothy A J Haystead
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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Finka A, Mattoo RUH, Goloubinoff P. Experimental Milestones in the Discovery of Molecular Chaperones as Polypeptide Unfolding Enzymes. Annu Rev Biochem 2016; 85:715-42. [PMID: 27050154 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060815-014124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones control the cellular folding, assembly, unfolding, disassembly, translocation, activation, inactivation, disaggregation, and degradation of proteins. In 1989, groundbreaking experiments demonstrated that a purified chaperone can bind and prevent the aggregation of artificially unfolded polypeptides and use ATP to dissociate and convert them into native proteins. A decade later, other chaperones were shown to use ATP hydrolysis to unfold and solubilize stable protein aggregates, leading to their native refolding. Presently, the main conserved chaperone families Hsp70, Hsp104, Hsp90, Hsp60, and small heat-shock proteins (sHsps) apparently act as unfolding nanomachines capable of converting functional alternatively folded or toxic misfolded polypeptides into harmless protease-degradable or biologically active native proteins. Being unfoldases, the chaperones can proofread three-dimensional protein structures and thus control protein quality in the cell. Understanding the mechanisms of the cellular unfoldases is central to the design of new therapies against aging, degenerative protein conformational diseases, and specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrija Finka
- Laboratory of Biophysical Statistics, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rayees U H Mattoo
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305;
| | - Pierre Goloubinoff
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
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Liu CC, Yang H, Zhang R, Zhao JJ, Hao DJ. Tumour-associated antigens and their anti-cancer applications. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2016; 26. [PMID: 26853428 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
So far, a number of tumour-associated antigens (TAAs), such as heat shock proteins, alpha-fetoprotein, carcino-embryonic antigen and others have been identified in a variety of malignant tumours. Differences in the expression levels of TAAs in cancers compared with normal cells have led to these antigens being investigated as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or exciting targets in cancer treatment. Here, we systematically list the current representative TAAs to shed some light on current approaches and challenges for their anti-cancer application in cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss the ongoing pre-clinical studies and clinical development of TAAs in human cancers, and the potential application of these TAAs in the diagnosis and prognosis for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-C Liu
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - H Yang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - R Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - J-J Zhao
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - D-J Hao
- Spine Surgery, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
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Patel A, Sharp SY, Hall K, Lewis W, Stevens MFG, Workman P, Moody CJ. Fused imidazoles as potential chemical scaffolds for inhibition of heat shock protein 70 and induction of apoptosis. Synthesis and biological evaluation of phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazoles and imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolines. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:3889-905. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00471g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fused imidazoles inhibit growth of human cancer cell lines, and the Hsp70 pathway in cells, and induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpa Patel
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Swee Y. Sharp
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics
- The Institute of Cancer Research
- London
- UK
| | - Katelan Hall
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
| | | | - Paul Workman
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics
- The Institute of Cancer Research
- London
- UK
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40
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Heat-shock protein 90 inhibitors: will they ever succeed as chemotherapeutics? Future Med Chem 2015; 7:87-90. [PMID: 25685998 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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41
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Dong Y, Su Y, Yu P, Yang M, Zhu S, Mei X, He X, Pan M, Zhu Y, Li C. Proteomic Analysis of the Relationship between Metabolism and Nonhost Resistance in Soybean Exposed to Bipolaris maydis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141264. [PMID: 26513657 PMCID: PMC4626022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonhost resistance (NHR) pertains to the most common form of plant resistance against pathogenic microorganisms of other species. Bipolaris maydis is a non-adapted pathogen affecting soybeans, particularly of maize/soybean intercropping systems. However, no experimental evidence has described the immune response of soybeans against B. maydis. To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying NHR in soybeans, proteomics analysis based on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was performed to identify proteins involved in the soybean response to B. maydis. The spread of B. maydis spores across soybean leaves induced NHR throughout the plant, which mobilized almost all organelles and various metabolic processes in response to B. maydis. Some enzymes, including ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO), mitochondrial processing peptidase (MPP), oxygen evolving enhancer (OEE), and nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDKs), were found to be related to NHR in soybeans. These enzymes have been identified in previous studies, and STRING analysis showed that most of the protein functions related to major metabolic processes were induced as a response to B. maydis, which suggested an array of complex interactions between soybeans and B. maydis. These findings suggest a systematic NHR against non-adapted pathogens in soybeans. This response was characterized by an overlap between metabolic processes and response to stimulus. Several metabolic processes provide the soybean with innate immunity to the non-adapted pathogen, B. maydis. This research investigation on NHR in soybeans may foster a better understanding of plant innate immunity, as well as the interactions between plant and non-adapted pathogens in intercropping systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yuan Su
- The Life Science and Technology Department of Kunming University, Kunming, 650214, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Shusheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xinyue Mei
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xiahong He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Manhua Pan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Youyong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Chengyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
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Barbagallo I, Parenti R, Zappalà A, Vanella L, Tibullo D, Pepe F, Onni T, Li Volti G. Combined inhibition of Hsp90 and heme oxygenase-1 induces apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress in melanoma. Acta Histochem 2015; 117:705-11. [PMID: 26493719 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins are ubiquitous molecular chaperones involved in post-translational folding, stability, activation and maturation of many proteins that are essential mediators of signal transduction and cell cycle progression. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) has recently emerged as an attractive therapeutic target in cancer treatment since it may act as a key regulator of various oncogene products and cell-signaling molecules. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1; also known as Hsp32) is an inducible enzyme participating in heme degradation and involved in oxidative stress resistance. Recent studies indicate that HO-1 activation may play a role in tumor development and progression. In the present study we investigated the chemotherapic effects of combining an Hsp90 inhibitor (NMS E973) and an HO-1 inhibitor (SnMP) on A375 melanoma cells. NMS E973 treatment was able to reduce cell viability and induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (i.e. Ire1α, ERO1, PDI, BIP and CHOP). Interestingly, no significant effect was observed in reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Finally, NMS E973 treatment resulted in a significant HO-1 overexpression, which in turn serves as a possible chemoresistance molecular mechanism. Interestingly, the combination of NMS E973 and SnMP produced an increase of ROS and reduced cell viability compared to NMS E973 treatment alone. The inhibitors combination exhibited higher ER stress, apoptosis as evidenced by bifunctional apoptosis regulator (BFAR) mRNA expression and lower phosphorylation of Akt when compared to NMS E973 alone. In conclusion, these data suggest that HO-1 inhibition potentiates NMS E973 toxicity and may be exploited as a strategy for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio Barbagallo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Via Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; EuroMediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Via Emerico Amari 123, 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Agata Zappalà
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Vanella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Via Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Division of Hematology, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emauele", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Pepe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Italy
| | - Toniangelo Onni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Italy
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; EuroMediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Via Emerico Amari 123, 90139 Palermo, Italy.
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Tomoda K, Chiang C, Kozak KR, Kwon GS. Examination of Gossypol-Pluronic Micelles as Potential Radiosensitizers. AAPS JOURNAL 2015; 17:1369-75. [PMID: 26246329 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-015-9809-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemoradiotherapy, the combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy to treat cancer, has the potential to enhance local therapeutic effects and simultaneously treat systemic disease. However, chemoradiotherapy may also enhance normal tissue effects leading to both acute and late toxicities. Furthermore, subtherapeutic chemoradiotherapy may result in aggressive tumor repopulation. Tumor-specific radiosensitizing chemotherapy may yield a synergistic therapeutic effect and avoid augmentation of normal tissue toxicity. In this study, the radiosensitizing effects of gossypol were investigated. Also, Pluronics were studied for gossypol solubilization and co-radiosensitization effects. Gossypol inhibits Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, antiapoptotic proteins that are overexpressed in various cancer cells. Pluronic micelles (P85, F88, L35, and P123) effectively encapsulated gossypol, raising its water solubility by more than 1000-fold. Cytotoxic, anticlonogenic, and radiosensitizing effects were evaluated to characterize gossypol and Pluronic combinations. Gossypol and P85 had the strongest antiproliferative effect on A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells in a cell viability assay. The IC50 value was seven times lower than gossypol only treatment (330 ± 70 nM vs 2400 ± 400 nM, (mean ± SE)). Gossypol and P85 showed significant inhibition of clonogenic survival, approximately 30% inhibition, compared to treatment with gossypol alone. An experimental sequencing study demonstrated greater inhibition of clonogenic survival when drug treatment followed radiation compared to a sequence of drug treatment followed by radiation. These results suggest that Pluronic micelles readily solubilize gossypol and that the combination of gossypol and P85 may augment the therapeutic effects of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishiro Tomoda
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, USA
| | - Carol Chiang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, USA
| | - Kevin R Kozak
- Mercy Regional Cancer Center, 1000 Mineral Point Ave, Janesville, Wisconsin, 53548, USA
| | - Glen S Kwon
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, USA. .,Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea.
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Abbasi M, Sadeghi-Aliabadi H, Hassanzadeh F, Amanlou M. Prediction of dual agents as an activator of mutant p53 and inhibitor of Hsp90 by docking, molecular dynamic simulation and virtual screening. J Mol Graph Model 2015; 61:186-95. [PMID: 26277488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein90s (Hsp90s) play a crucial role in the development of cancer, and their inhibitors are a main target for tumor suppression. P53 also is a tumor suppressor, but in cancer cells, mutations in the p53 gene lead to the inactivation and accumulation of protein. For instance, the ninth p53 cancer mutation, Y220C, destabilizes the p53 core domain. Small molecules have been assumed to bind to Y220C DNA-binding domain and reactivate cellular mutant p53 functions. In this study, one of the mutant p53 activators is suggested as an Hsp90 inhibitor according to a pyrazole scaffold. To confirm a new ligand as a dual agent, molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations were performed on both proteins (p53 and Hsp90). Molecular dynamic simulations were also conducted to evaluate the obtained results on the other two pyrazole structures, one known as Hsp90 inhibitor and the other as the reported mutant p53 activator. The findings indicate that the new ligand was stable in the active site of both proteins. Finally, a virtual screening was performed on ZINC database, and a set of new dual agents was proposed according to the new ligand scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abbasi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461 Isfahan, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hojjat Sadeghi-Aliabadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461 Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Farshid Hassanzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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45
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Shervington L, Patil H, Shervington A. Could the Anti-Chaperone VER155008 Replace Temozolomide for Glioma Treatment. J Cancer 2015; 6:786-94. [PMID: 26185541 PMCID: PMC4504115 DOI: 10.7150/jca.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer inducible molecular chaperone HSP90 is of great importance as an anticancer target. Proteomic analysis showed that inhibiting HSP90 by the geldanamycin derivative, 17-AAG elevated the expression of the co-chaperone Hsp70. In this study we used HSP90 selective inhibitor 17-AAG and HSP70/90 dual inhibitor, VER155008 (VER) in U87-MG glioma cells. miRNAs microarray technology was used to evaluate the efficacy of these inhibitory drugs compared with temozolomide (TMZ), used as a standard treatment for glioma. Microarrays data identified 154 differentially expressed miRNAs using stringent or unstringent parameters. 16 miRNAs were overlapped between treatments, 13 upregulated and one downregulated miRNA were overlapped between TMZ and VER. The miRNA target prediction software was used for these overlapped miRNAs and identified 6 of the 13 upregulated miRNAs target methyltransferase genes. The IC50, together with Akt and HSP70 and 90 protein level data favour VER and TMZ to 17-AAG, however due to the selectivity of VER to cancer cells as a potent antichaperon, it may be more favourable to the standard TMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amal Shervington
- Brain Tumour North West, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE. UK
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46
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Vydra N, Toma A, Widlak W. Pleiotropic role of HSF1 in neoplastic transformation. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2015; 14:144-55. [PMID: 24467529 PMCID: PMC4435066 DOI: 10.2174/1568009614666140122155942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
HSF1 (Heat Shock transcription Factor 1) is the main transcription factor activated in response to proteotoxic stress. Once activated, it induces an expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) which enables cells to survive in suboptimal conditions. HSF1 could be also activated by altered kinase signaling characteristic for cancer cells, which is a probable reason for its high activity found in a broad range of tumors. There is rapidly growing evidence that HSF1 supports tumor initiation and growth, as well as metastasis and angiogenesis. It also modulates the sensitivity of cancer cells to therapy. Functions of HSF1 in cancer are connected with HSPs’ activity, which generally protects cells from apoptosis, but also are independent of its classical targets. HSF1-dependent regulation of non-HSPs genes plays a role in cell cycle
progression, glucose metabolism, autophagy and drug efflux. HSF1 affects the key cell-survival and regulatory pathways, including p53, RAS/MAPK, cAMP/PKA, mTOR and insulin signaling. Although the exact mechanism of HSF1 action is still somewhat obscure, HSF1 is becoming an attractive target in anticancer therapies, whose inhibition could enhance the effects of other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wieslawa Widlak
- Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland.
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47
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Chehab M, Caza T, Skotnicki K, Landas S, Bratslavsky G, Mollapour M, Bourboulia D. Targeting Hsp90 in urothelial carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:8454-73. [PMID: 25909217 PMCID: PMC4496161 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma, or transitional cell carcinoma, is the most common urologic malignancy that carries significant morbidity, mortality, recurrence risk and associated health care costs. Despite use of current chemotherapies and immunotherapies, long-term remission in patients with muscle-invasive or metastatic disease remains low, and disease recurrence is common. The molecular chaperone Heat Shock Protein-90 (Hsp90) may offer an ideal treatment target, as it is a critical signaling hub in urothelial carcinoma pathogenesis and potentiates chemoradiation. Preclinical testing with Hsp90 inhibitors has demonstrated reduced proliferation, enhanced apoptosis and synergism with chemotherapies and radiation. Despite promising preclinical data, clinical trials utilizing Hsp90 inhibitors for other malignancies had modest efficacy. Therefore, we propose that Hsp90 inhibition would best serve as an adjuvant treatment in advanced muscle-invasive or metastatic bladder cancers to potentiate other therapies. An overview of bladder cancer biology, current treatments, molecular targeted therapies, and the role for Hsp90 inhibitors in the treatment of urothelial carcinoma is the focus of this review.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis
- BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/therapy
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Division
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Chemoradiotherapy
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Cystectomy
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Drugs, Investigational/therapeutic use
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/chemistry
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/physiology
- Histone Code/drug effects
- Humans
- Models, Biological
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Muscle, Smooth/pathology
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Urologic Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Urologic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Urologic Neoplasms/pathology
- Urologic Neoplasms/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Chehab
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Tiffany Caza
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Kamil Skotnicki
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Steve Landas
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Gennady Bratslavsky
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Research Institute, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Research Institute, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Dimitra Bourboulia
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Research Institute, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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48
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Li L, Sun Y, Wu J, Li X, Luo M, Wang G. The global effect of heat on gene expression in cultured bovine mammary epithelial cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:381-9. [PMID: 25536930 PMCID: PMC4326376 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0559-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) in hot climates is a major cause that strongly negatively affects milk yield in dairy cattle, leading to immeasurable economic loss. The heat stress response of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) is one component of the acute systemic response to HS. Gene networks of BMECs respond to environmental heat loads with both intra- and extracellular signals that coordinate cellular and whole-animal metabolism. Our experimental objective was to characterize the direct effects of heat stress on the cultured bovine mammary epithelial cells by microarray analyses. The data identified 2716 differentially expressed genes in 43,000 transcripts which were changed significantly between heat-stressed and normal bovine mammary epithelial cells (fold change ≥2, P ≤ 0.001). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that these differentially expressed genes are involved in different pathways that regulate cytoskeleton, cell cycle, and stress response processes. Our study provides an overview of gene expression profile and the interaction between gene expression and heat stress, which will lead to further understanding of the potential effects of heat stress on bovine mammary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Man Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Genlin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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49
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Brüning A, Jückstock J. Misfolded proteins: from little villains to little helpers in the fight against cancer. Front Oncol 2015; 5:47. [PMID: 25759792 PMCID: PMC4338749 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of cytostatic drugs targeting the high proliferation rates of cancer cells is currently the most commonly used treatment option in cancer chemotherapy. However, severe side effects and resistance mechanisms may occur as a result of such treatment, possibly limiting the therapeutic efficacy of these agents. In recent years, several therapeutic strategies have been developed that aim at targeting not the genomic integrity and replication machinery of cancer cells but instead their protein homeostasis. During malignant transformation, the cancer cell proteome develops vast aberrations in the expression of mutated proteins, oncoproteins, drug- and apoptosis-resistance proteins, etc. A complex network of protein quality-control mechanisms, including chaperoning by heat shock proteins (HSPs), not only is essential for maintaining the extravagant proteomic lifestyle of cancer cells but also represents an ideal cancer-specific target to be tackled. Furthermore, the high rate of protein synthesis and turnover in certain types of cancer cells can be specifically directed by interfering with the proteasomal and autophagosomal protein recycling and degradation machinery, as evidenced by the clinical application of proteasome inhibitors. Since proteins with loss of their native conformation are prone to unspecific aggregations and have proved to be detrimental to normal cellular function, specific induction of misfolded proteins by HSP inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors, hyperthermia, or inducers of endoplasmic reticulum stress represents a new method of cancer cell killing exploitable for therapeutic purposes. This review describes drugs - approved, repurposed, or under investigation - that can be used to accumulate misfolded proteins in cancer cells, and particularly focuses on the molecular aspects that lead to the cytotoxicity of misfolded proteins in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansgar Brüning
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Munich , Germany
| | - Julia Jückstock
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Munich , Germany
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Koay YC, McConnell JR, Wang Y, McAlpine SR. Blocking the heat shock response and depleting HSF-1 levels through heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) inhibition: a significant advance on current hsp90 chemotherapies. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07056b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
C-terminal inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) modulate the C-terminus and do not elicit a heat shock response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Chin Koay
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | | | - Yao Wang
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
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