1
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Kawaguchi M, Yonetani Y, Mizuguchi T, Spratt SJ, Asanuma M, Shimizu H, Sasaki M, Ozeki Y. Visualization of Modified Bisarylbutadiyne-Tagged Small Molecules in Live-Cell Nuclei by Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy. Anal Chem 2024; 96:6643-6651. [PMID: 38626411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Visualizing the distribution of small-molecule drugs in living cells is an important strategy for developing specific, effective, and minimally toxic drugs. As an alternative to fluorescence imaging using bulky fluorophores or cell fixation, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging combined with bisarylbutadiyne (BADY) tagging enables the observation of small molecules closer to their native intracellular state. However, there is evidence that the physicochemical properties of BADY-tagged analogues of small-molecule drugs differ significantly from those of their parent drugs, potentially affecting their intracellular distribution. Herein, we developed a modified BADY to reduce deviations in physicochemical properties (in particular, lipophilicity and membrane permeability) between tagged and parent drugs, while maintaining high Raman activity in live-cell SRS imaging. We highlight the practical application of this approach by revealing the nuclear distribution of a modified BADY-tagged analogue of JQ1, a bromodomain and extra-terminal motif inhibitor with applications in targeted cancer therapy, in living HeLa cells. The modified BADY, methoxypyridazyl pyrimidyl butadiyne (MPDY), revealed intranuclear JQ1, while BADY-tagged JQ1 did not show a clear nuclear signal. We anticipate that the present approach combining MPDY tagging with live-cell SRS imaging provides important insight into the behavior of intracellular drugs and represents a promising avenue for improving drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuki Yonetani
- Future Technology R&D Center, Canon Inc., Tokyo 146-8501, Japan
| | - Takaha Mizuguchi
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Spencer J Spratt
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Masato Asanuma
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Masato Sasaki
- Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ozeki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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2
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Chadha R, Guerrero JA, Wei L, Sanchez LM. Seeing is Believing: Developing Multimodal Metabolic Insights at the Molecular Level. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:758-774. [PMID: 38680555 PMCID: PMC11046475 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
This outlook explores how two different molecular imaging approaches might be combined to gain insight into dynamic, subcellular metabolic processes. Specifically, we discuss how matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, which have significantly pushed the boundaries of imaging metabolic and metabolomic analyses in their own right, could be combined to create comprehensive molecular images. We first briefly summarize the recent advances for each technique. We then explore how one might overcome the inherent limitations of each individual method, by envisioning orthogonal and interchangeable workflows. Additionally, we delve into the potential benefits of adopting a complementary approach that combines both MSI and SRS spectro-microscopy for informing on specific chemical structures through functional-group-specific targets. Ultimately, by integrating the strengths of both imaging modalities, researchers can achieve a more comprehensive understanding of biological and chemical systems, enabling precise metabolic investigations. This synergistic approach holds substantial promise to expand our toolkit for studying metabolites in complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahuljeet
S Chadha
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125 United States
| | - Jason A. Guerrero
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa Cruz, Santa
Cruz, California 95064 United States
| | - Lu Wei
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125 United States
| | - Laura M. Sanchez
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa Cruz, Santa
Cruz, California 95064 United States
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3
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Vardaki MZ, Gregoriou VG, Chochos CL. Biomedical applications, perspectives and tag design concepts in the cell - silent Raman window. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:273-292. [PMID: 38576725 PMCID: PMC10989507 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00217a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Spectroscopic studies increasingly employ Raman tags exhibiting a signal in the cell - silent region of the Raman spectrum (1800-2800 cm-1), where bands arising from biological molecules are inherently absent. Raman tags bearing functional groups which contain a triple bond, such as alkyne and nitrile or a carbon-deuterium bond, have a distinct vibrational frequency in this region. Due to the lack of spectral background and cell-associated bands in the specific area, the implementation of those tags can help overcome the inherently poor signal-to-noise ratio and presence of overlapping Raman bands in measurements of biological samples. The cell - silent Raman tags allow for bioorthogonal imaging of biomolecules with improved chemical contrast and they have found application in analyte detection and monitoring, biomarker profiling and live cell imaging. This review focuses on the potential of the cell - silent Raman region, reporting on the tags employed for biomedical applications using variants of Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Z Vardaki
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue Athens 11635 Greece
| | - Vasilis G Gregoriou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue Athens 11635 Greece
- Advent Technologies SA, Stadiou Street, Platani Rio Patras 26504 Greece
| | - Christos L Chochos
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue Athens 11635 Greece
- Advent Technologies SA, Stadiou Street, Platani Rio Patras 26504 Greece
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4
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Yang Y, Bai X, Hu F. Photoswitchable polyynes for multiplexed stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with reversible light control. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2578. [PMID: 38519503 PMCID: PMC10959996 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Optical imaging with photo-controllable probes has greatly advanced biological research. With superb chemical specificity of vibrational spectroscopy, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is particularly promising for super-multiplexed optical imaging with rich chemical information. Functional SRS imaging in response to light has been recently demonstrated, but multiplexed SRS imaging with reversible photocontrol remains unaccomplished. Here, we create a multiplexing palette of photoswitchable polyynes with 16 Raman frequencies by coupling asymmetric diarylethene with super-multiplexed Carbow (Carbow-switch). Through optimization of both electronic and vibrational spectroscopy, Carbow-switch displays excellent photoswitching properties under visible light control and SRS response with large frequency change and signal enhancement. Reversible and spatial-selective multiplexed SRS imaging of different organelles are demonstrated in living cells. We further achieve photo-selective time-lapse imaging of organelle dynamics during oxidative stress and protein phase separation. The development of Carbow-switch for photoswitchable SRS microscopy will open up new avenues to study complex interactions and dynamics in living cells with high spatiotemporal precision and multiplexing capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueli Yang
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyang Bai
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Fanghao Hu
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
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5
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Pieczara A, Arellano Reyes RA, Keyes TE, Dawiec P, Baranska M. New Highly Sensitive and Specific Raman Probe for Live Cell Imaging of Mitochondrial Function. ACS Sens 2024; 9:995-1003. [PMID: 38334979 PMCID: PMC10897933 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
For Raman hyperspectral detection and imaging in live cells, it is very desirable to create novel probes with strong and unique Raman vibrations in the biological silent region (1800-2800 cm-1). The use of molecular probes in Raman imaging is a relatively new technique in subcellular research; however, it is developing very rapidly. Compared with the label-free method, it allows for a more sensitive and selective visualization of organelles within a single cell. Biological systems are incredibly complex and heterogeneous. Directly visualizing biological structures and activities at the cellular and subcellular levels remains by far one of the most intuitive and powerful ways to study biological problems. Each organelle plays a specific and essential role in cellular processes, but importantly for cells to survive, mitochondrial function must be reliable. Motivated by earlier attempts and successes of biorthogonal chemical imaging, we develop a tool supporting Raman imaging of cells to track biochemical changes associated with mitochondrial function at the cellular level in an in vitro model. In this work, we present a newly synthesized highly sensitive RAR-BR Raman probe for the selective imaging of mitochondria in live endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pieczara
- Jagiellonian
Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
- Jagiellonian
University in Kraków, Doctoral School
of Exact and Natural Sciences, 11 Lojasiewicza Street, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ruben Arturo Arellano Reyes
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, 592, 628 Collins Ave Ext, Whitehall
Dublin 9, D09 E432 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tia E. Keyes
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, 592, 628 Collins Ave Ext, Whitehall
Dublin 9, D09 E432 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrycja Dawiec
- Jagiellonian
University in Kraków, Doctoral School
of Exact and Natural Sciences, 11 Lojasiewicza Street, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Jagiellonian
Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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6
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Borek-Dorosz A, Pieczara A, Orleanska J, Brzozowski K, Tipping W, Graham D, Bik E, Kubrak A, Baranska M, Majzner K. Raman microscopy reveals how cell inflammation activates glucose and lipid metabolism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119575. [PMID: 37689141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism of endothelial cells (ECs) depends on the availability of the energy substrates. Since the endothelium is the first line of defence against inflammation in the cardiovascular system and its dysfunction can lead to the development of cardiovascular diseases, it is important to understand how glucose metabolism changes during inflammation. In this work, glucose uptake was studied in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) in high glucose (HG), and additionally in an inflammatory state, using Raman imaging. HG state was induced by incubation of ECs with a deuterated glucose analogue, while the EC inflammation was caused by TNF-α pre-treatment. Spontaneous and stimulated Raman scattering spectroscopy provided comprehensive information on biochemical changes, including lipids and the extent of unsaturation induced by excess glucose in ECs., induced by excess glucose in ECs. In this work, we indicated spectroscopic markers of metabolic changes in ECs as a strong increase in the ratio of the intensity of lipids / (proteins + lipids) bands and an increase in the level of lipid unsaturation and mitochondrial changes. Inflamed ECs treated with HG, revealed enhanced glucose uptake, and intensified lipid production i.a. of unsaturated lipids. Additionally, increased cytochrome c signal in the mitochondrial region indicated higher mitochondrial activity and biogenesis. Raman spectroscopy is a powerful method for determining the metabolic markers of ED which will better inform understanding of disease onset, development, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Borek-Dorosz
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, 2 Gronostajowa Str., Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Pieczara
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, 11 Lojasiewicza St., Krakow, Poland
| | - Jagoda Orleanska
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, 2 Gronostajowa Str., Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, 11 Lojasiewicza St., Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Brzozowski
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, 2 Gronostajowa Str., Krakow, Poland
| | - William Tipping
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Ewelina Bik
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., Krakow, Poland; Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Str., Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Kubrak
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, 2 Gronostajowa Str., Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, 2 Gronostajowa Str., Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Majzner
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, 2 Gronostajowa Str., Krakow, Poland.
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7
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Ravindra MP, Lee M, Dimova S, Steven CF, Bluntzer MTJ, Brunton VG, Hulme AN. Stretching the Bisalkyne Raman Spectral Palette Reveals a New Electrophilic Covalent Motif. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300953. [PMID: 37014262 PMCID: PMC10946950 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Small heteroaryl-diyne (Het-DY) tags with distinct vibrational frequencies, and physiologically relevant cLog P were designed for multiplexed bioorthogonal Raman imaging. Pd-Cu catalyzed coupling, combined with the use of Lei ligand, was shown to improve overall yields of the desired heterocoupled Het-DY tags, minimizing the production of homocoupled side-products. Spectral data were in agreement with the trends predicted by DFT calculations and systematic introduction of electron- rich/poor rings stretched the frequency limit of aryl-capped diynes (2209-2243 cm-1 ). The improved Log P of these Het-DY tags was evident from their diffuse distribution in cellular uptake studies and functionalizing tags with organelle markers allowed the acquisition of location-specific biological images. LC-MS- and NMR-based assays showed that some heteroaryl-capped internal alkynes are potential nucleophile traps with structure-dependent reactivity. These biocompatible Het-DY tags, equipped with covalent reactivity, open up new avenues for Raman bioorthogonal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa Punaha Ravindra
- School of ChemistryUniversity of EdinburghJoseph Black Building, David Brewster RoadEdinburghEH9 3FJUK
| | - Martin Lee
- Edinburgh Cancer ResearchInstitute of Genetics & CancerUniversity of EdinburghCrewe Road SouthEdinburghEH4 2XRUK
| | - Silviya Dimova
- Edinburgh Cancer ResearchInstitute of Genetics & CancerUniversity of EdinburghCrewe Road SouthEdinburghEH4 2XRUK
| | - Craig F. Steven
- School of ChemistryUniversity of EdinburghJoseph Black Building, David Brewster RoadEdinburghEH9 3FJUK
- Edinburgh Cancer ResearchInstitute of Genetics & CancerUniversity of EdinburghCrewe Road SouthEdinburghEH4 2XRUK
| | - Marie T. J. Bluntzer
- School of ChemistryUniversity of EdinburghJoseph Black Building, David Brewster RoadEdinburghEH9 3FJUK
| | - Valerie G. Brunton
- Edinburgh Cancer ResearchInstitute of Genetics & CancerUniversity of EdinburghCrewe Road SouthEdinburghEH4 2XRUK
| | - Alison N. Hulme
- School of ChemistryUniversity of EdinburghJoseph Black Building, David Brewster RoadEdinburghEH9 3FJUK
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8
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Yuan Y, Olawode EO, Tumey LN, Lu F. Visualizing drug-induced lipid accumulation in lysosomes of live cancer cells with stimulated Raman imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:2551-2564. [PMID: 37342714 PMCID: PMC10278636 DOI: 10.1364/boe.487527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The low pH of the lysosomal compartment often results in sequestration of chemotherapeutic agents that contain positively charged basic functional groups, leading to anti-cancer drug resistance. To visualize drug localization in lysosomes and its influence on lysosomal functions, we synthesize a group of drug-like compounds that contain both a basic functional group and a bisarylbutadiyne (BADY) group as a Raman probe. With quantitative stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging, we validate that the synthesized lysosomotropic (LT) drug analogs show high lysosomal affinity, which can also serve as a photostable lysosome tracker. We find that long-term retention of the LT compounds in lysosomes leads to the increased amount and colocalization of both lipid droplets (LDs) and lysosomes in SKOV3 cells. With hyperspectral SRS imaging, further studies find that the LDs stuck in lysosomes are more saturated than the LDs staying out of the lysosomes, indicating impaired lysosomal lipid metabolism by the LT compounds. These results demonstrate that SRS imaging of the alkyne-based probes is a promising approach to characterizing the lysosomal sequestration of drugs and its influence on cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thomas J. Watson College of Engineering and Applied Science, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
- Current Address: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Emmanuel O. Olawode
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
- Current Address: College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, USA
| | - L. Nathan Tumey
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Fake Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thomas J. Watson College of Engineering and Applied Science, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
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9
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Pieczara A, Borek-Dorosz A, Buda S, Tipping W, Graham D, Pawlowski R, Mlynarski J, Baranska M. Modified glucose as a sensor to track the metabolism of individual living endothelial cells - Observation of the 1602 cm−1 band called “Raman spectroscopic signature of life”. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 230:115234. [PMID: 36989660 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
A relatively new approach to subcellular research is Raman microscopy with the application of sensors called Raman probes. This paper describes the use of the sensitive and specific Raman probe, 3-O-propargyl-d-glucose (3-OPG), to track metabolic changes in endothelial cells (ECs). ECs play a significant role in a healthy and dysfunctional state, the latter is correlated with a range of lifestyle diseases, particularly with cardiovascular disorders. The metabolism and glucose uptake may reflect the physiopathological conditions and cell activity correlated with energy utilization. To study metabolic changes at the subcellular level the glucose analogue, 3-OPG was used, which shows a characteristic and intense Raman band at 2124 cm-1.3-OPG was applied as a sensor to track both, its accumulation in live and fixed ECs and then metabolism in normal and inflamed ECs, by employing two spectroscopic techniques, i.e. spontaneous and stimulated Raman scattering microscopies. The results indicate that 3-OPG is a sensitive sensor to follow glucose metabolism, manifested by the Raman band of 1602 cm-1. The 1602 cm-1 band has been called the "Raman spectroscopic signature of life" in the cell literature, and here we demonstrate that it is attributed to glucose metabolites. Additionally, we have shown that glucose metabolism and its uptake are slowed down in the cellular inflammation. We showed that Raman spectroscopy can be classified as metabolomics, and its uniqueness lies in the fact that it allows the analysis of the processes of a single living cell. Gaining further knowledge on metabolic changes in the endothelium, especially in pathological conditions, may help in identifying markers of cellular dysfunction, and more broadly in cell phenotyping, better understanding of the mechanism of disease development and searching for new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pieczara
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348, Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, 11 Lojasiewicza St., Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Szymon Buda
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - William Tipping
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Pawlowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 Kasprzaka Str., 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Mlynarski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 Kasprzaka Str., 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348, Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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10
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Pieczara A, Matuszyk E, Szczesniak P, Mlynarski J, Baranska M. Changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential in endothelial cells can be detected by Raman microscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 286:121978. [PMID: 36323081 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The role of mitochondria goes beyond their capacity to create molecular fuel and includes e.g. the production of reactive oxygen species and the regulation of cell death. In endothelial cells, mitochondria have a significant impact on cellular function under both healthy and pathological conditions. Endothelial dysfunction contributes to the development of various lifestyle diseases and the key players in their pathogenesis are among others vascular inflammation and oxidative stress. The latter is very closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction; however, it is not straightforward. First, because mitochondria are small cellular structures, and second, it requires a sensitive method to follow the subtle biochemical changes. For this purpose, Raman microscopy (RM) was used here, which is considered a high-resolution method and can be applied in situ, usually as a non-labeled technique. In this work, we show that RM can not only locate mitochondria in the cell but also track their functional changes. Moreover, we test if labeling cells with Raman probes (Rp) can improve the specificity and sensitivity of RM (compared to conventional labeled techniques such as fluorescence, and the non-labeled Raman technique). MitoBADY Rp was used to detect changes in mitochondrial membrane potential as an indicator of mitochondrial activity, e.g. hyperpolarization or distortion of the proton gradient in the intermembrane space (depolarization). Thus, we show and compare RM, in the form of a label and non-labeled, to such a subtle cellular analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pieczara
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Matuszyk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Szczesniak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 Kasprzaka Str., 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Mlynarski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 Kasprzaka Str., 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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11
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Dodo K, Fujita K, Sodeoka M. Raman Spectroscopy for Chemical Biology Research. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19651-19667. [PMID: 36216344 PMCID: PMC9635364 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In chemical biology research, various fluorescent probes have been developed and used to visualize target proteins or molecules in living cells and tissues, yet there are limitations to this technology, such as the limited number of colors that can be detected simultaneously. Recently, Raman spectroscopy has been applied in chemical biology to overcome such limitations. Raman spectroscopy detects the molecular vibrations reflecting the structures and chemical conditions of molecules in a sample and was originally used to directly visualize the chemical responses of endogenous molecules. However, our initial research to develop "Raman tags" opens a new avenue for the application of Raman spectroscopy in chemical biology. In this Perspective, we first introduce the label-free Raman imaging of biomolecules, illustrating the biological applications of Raman spectroscopy. Next, we highlight the application of Raman imaging of small molecules using Raman tags for chemical biology research. Finally, we discuss the development and potential of Raman probes, which represent the next-generation probes in chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Dodo
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster
for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Catalysis
and Integrated Research Group, RIKEN Center
for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Fujita
- Department
of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Institute
for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- AIST-Osaka
University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science
and Technology (AIST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster
for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Catalysis
and Integrated Research Group, RIKEN Center
for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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12
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Yu Y, Tang Y, Chu K, Gao T, Smith ZJ. High-Resolution Low-Power Hyperspectral Line-Scan Imaging of Fast Cellular Dynamics Using Azo-Enhanced Raman Scattering Probes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15314-15323. [PMID: 35969674 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Small-molecule Raman probes for cellular imaging have attracted great attention owing to their sharp peaks that are sensitive to environmental changes. The small cross section of molecular Raman scattering limits dynamic cellular Raman imaging to expensive and complex coherent approaches that acquire single-channel images and lose hyperspectral Raman information. We introduce a new method, dynamic azo-enhanced Raman imaging (DAERI), to couple the new class of azo-enhanced Raman probes with a high-speed line-scan Raman imaging system. DAERI achieved high-resolution low-power imaging of fast cellular dynamics resolved at ∼270 nm along the confocal direction, 75 μW/μm2 and 3.5 s/frame. Based on the azo-enhanced Raman probes with characteristic signals 102-104 stronger than classic Raman labels, DAERI was not restricted to the cellular Raman-silent region as in prior work and enabled multiplex visualization of organelle motions and interactions. We anticipate DAERI to be a powerful tool for future studies in biophysics and cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yuchen Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Kaiqin Chu
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Tingjuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zachary J Smith
- Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
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13
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Krishna R, Colak I. Advances in Biomedical Applications of Raman Microscopy and Data Processing: A Mini Review. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2094391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Krishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science, Madanapalle, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nisantasi University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Ohm Janki Biotech Research Private Limited, India
| | - Ilhami Colak
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nisantasi University, Istanbul, Turkey
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14
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Bakthavatsalam S, Dodo K, Sodeoka M. A decade of alkyne-tag Raman imaging (ATRI): applications in biological systems. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:1415-1429. [PMID: 34704046 PMCID: PMC8496067 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00116g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkyne functional groups have Raman signatures in a region (1800 cm-1 to 2800 cm-1) that is free from interference from cell components, known as the "silent region", and alkyne signals in this region were first utilized a decade ago to visualize the nuclear localization of a thymidine analogue EdU. Since then, the strategy of Raman imaging of biological samples by using alkyne functional groups, called alkyne-tag Raman imaging (ATRI), has become widely used. This article reviews the applications of ATRI in biological samples ranging from organelles to whole animal models, and briefly discusses the prospects for this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Bakthavatsalam
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kosuke Dodo
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
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15
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Wilson LT, Tipping WJ, Wetherill C, Henley Z, Faulds K, Graham D, Mackay SP, Tomkinson NCO. Mitokyne: A Ratiometric Raman Probe for Mitochondrial pH. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12786-12792. [PMID: 34505518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial pH (pHmito) is intimately related to mitochondrial function, and aberrant values for pHmito are linked to several disease states. We report the design, synthesis, and application of mitokyne 1-the first small molecule pHmito sensor for stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy. This ratiometric probe can determine subtle changes in pHmito in response to external stimuli and the inhibition of both the electron transport chain and ATP synthase with small molecule inhibitors. In addition, 1 was also used to monitor mitochondrial dynamics in a time-resolved manner with subcellular spatial resolution during mitophagy providing a powerful tool for dissecting the molecular and cell biology of this critical organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam T Wilson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - William J Tipping
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Corinna Wetherill
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Zoë Henley
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Faulds
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Simon P Mackay
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas C O Tomkinson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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16
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Qiu C, Cheng Z, Lv C, Wang R, Yu F. Development of bioorthogonal SERS imaging probe in biological and biomedical applications. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Matuszyk E, Adamczyk A, Radwan B, Pieczara A, Szcześniak P, Mlynarski J, Kamińska K, Baranska M. Multiplex Raman imaging of organelles in endothelial cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 255:119658. [PMID: 33744837 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Raman imaging using molecular reporters is a relatively new approach in subcellular investigations. It enables the visualization of organelles in cells with better selectivity and sensitivity compared to the label-free approach. Essentially Raman reporters possess in their structure an alkyne molecular group that can be selectively identified in the spectral region silent for biomolecules, hence facilitate the localization of individual organelles. The aim of this work is to visualize the main cell organelles in endothelial cells (HMEC-1) using established reporters (EdU and MitoBADY), but also to test a new one, namely falcarinol, which exhibits lipophilic properties. Moreover, we tested the possibility to use Raman reporters as a probe to detect changes in distribution of certain organelles after induced endothelial dysfunction (ED) in in vitro models. In both cases, induced ED is characterized by the formation of lipid droplets in the cells, which is why a good tool for the detection of lipid-rich organelles is so important in these studies. Two-dimensional Raman images were obtained, visualizing the distribution of selected organic compounds in the cell, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Additionally, the distribution of EdU, MitoBADY and falcarinol in endothelial cells (ECs) was determined. Moreover, we highlight some drawback of established Raman reporter and the need for testing them in various physiological state of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Matuszyk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Adriana Adamczyk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Basseem Radwan
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Pieczara
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Szcześniak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 Kasprzaka Str., 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Mlynarski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 Kasprzaka Str., 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kamińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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18
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Adamczyk A, Matuszyk E, Radwan B, Rocchetti S, Chlopicki S, Baranska M. Toward Raman Subcellular Imaging of Endothelial Dysfunction. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4396-4409. [PMID: 33821652 PMCID: PMC8154563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
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Multiple diseases are at some point associated with altered endothelial
function, and endothelial dysfunction (ED) contributes to their pathophysiology.
Biochemical changes of the dysfunctional endothelium are linked to
various cellular organelles, including the mitochondria, endoplasmic
reticulum, and nucleus, so organelle-specific insight is needed for
better understanding of endothelial pathobiology. Raman imaging, which
combines chemical specificity with microscopic resolution, has proved
to be useful in detecting biochemical changes in ED at the cellular
level. However, the detection of spectroscopic markers associated
with specific cell organelles, while desirable, cannot easily be achieved
by Raman imaging without labeling. This critical review summarizes
the current advances in Raman-based analysis of ED, with a focus on
a new approach involving molecular Raman reporters that could facilitate
the study of biochemical changes in cellular organelles. Finally,
imaging techniques based on both conventional spontaneous Raman scattering
and the emerging technique of stimulated Raman scattering are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Adamczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland.,Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Matuszyk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Basseem Radwan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland.,Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefano Rocchetti
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland.,Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University, 16 Grzegorzecka Str., 31-531 Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland.,Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
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19
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Radwan B, Adamczyk A, Tott S, Czamara K, Kaminska K, Matuszyk E, Baranska M. Labeled vs. Label-Free Raman Imaging of Lipids in Endothelial Cells of Various Origins. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235752. [PMID: 33291234 PMCID: PMC7731394 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) constitute a single layer of the lining of blood vessels and play an important role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. Endothelial dysfunction has been recognized as a primary or secondary cause of many diseases and it manifests itself, among others, by increased lipid content or a change in the lipid composition in the EC. Therefore, the analysis of cellular lipids is crucial to understand the mechanisms of disease development. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced inflammation of EC alters the lipid content of cells, which can be detected by Raman spectroscopy. By default, lipid detection is carried out in a label-free manner, and these compounds are recognized based on their spectral profile characteristics. We consider (3S,3'S)-astaxanthin (AXT), a natural dye with a characteristic resonance spectrum, as a new Raman probe for the detection of lipids in the EC of various vascular beds, i.e., the aorta, brain and heart. AXT colocalizes with lipids in cells, enabling imaging of lipid-rich cellular components in a time-dependent manner using laser power 10 times lower than that commonly used to measure biological samples. The results show that AXT can be used to study lipids distribution in EC at various locations, suggesting its use as a universal probe for studying cellular lipids using Raman spectroscopy. The use of labeled Raman imaging of lipids in the EC of various organs could contribute to their easier identification and to a better understanding of the development and progression of various vascular diseases, and it could also potentially improve their diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basseem Radwan
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (B.R.); (A.A.); (S.T.); (K.C.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Adriana Adamczyk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (B.R.); (A.A.); (S.T.); (K.C.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Szymon Tott
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (B.R.); (A.A.); (S.T.); (K.C.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Czamara
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (B.R.); (A.A.); (S.T.); (K.C.)
| | - Katarzyna Kaminska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Matuszyk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (B.R.); (A.A.); (S.T.); (K.C.)
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (B.R.); (A.A.); (S.T.); (K.C.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (M.B.)
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20
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Koike K, Bando K, Ando J, Yamakoshi H, Terayama N, Dodo K, Smith NI, Sodeoka M, Fujita K. Quantitative Drug Dynamics Visualized by Alkyne-Tagged Plasmonic-Enhanced Raman Microscopy. ACS NANO 2020; 14:15032-15041. [PMID: 33079538 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Visualizing live-cell uptake of small-molecule drugs is paramount for drug development and pharmaceutical sciences. Bioorthogonal imaging with click chemistry has made significant contributions to the field, visualizing small molecules in cells. Furthermore, recent developments in Raman microscopy, including stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, have realized direct visualization of alkyne-tagged small-molecule drugs in live cells. However, Raman and SRS microscopy still suffer from limited detection sensitivity with low concentration molecules for observing temporal dynamics of drug uptake. Here, we demonstrate the combination of alkyne-tag and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) microscopy for the real-time monitoring of drug uptake in live cells. Gold nanoparticles are introduced into lysosomes of live cells by endocytosis and work as SERS probes. Raman signals of alkynes can be boosted by enhanced electric fields generated by plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles when alkyne-tagged small molecules are colocalized with the nanoparticles. With time-lapse 3D SERS imaging, this technique allows us to investigate drug uptake by live cells with different chemical and physical conditions. We also perform quantitative evaluation of the uptake speed at the single-cell level using digital SERS counting under different quantities of drug molecules and temperature conditions. Our results illustrate that alkyne-tag SERS microscopy has a potential to be an alternative bioorthogonal imaging technique to investigate temporal dynamics of small-molecule uptake of live cells for pharmaceutical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Koike
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuki Bando
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun Ando
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamakoshi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Naoki Terayama
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kosuke Dodo
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Nicholas Isaac Smith
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Fujita
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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21
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Azemtsop Matanfack G, Rüger J, Stiebing C, Schmitt M, Popp J. Imaging the invisible-Bioorthogonal Raman probes for imaging of cells and tissues. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000129. [PMID: 32475014 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A revolutionary avenue for vibrational imaging with super-multiplexing capability can be seen in the recent development of Raman-active bioortogonal tags or labels. These tags and isotopic labels represent groups of chemically inert and small modifications, which can be introduced to any biomolecule of interest and then supplied to single cells or entire organisms. Recent developments in the field of spontaneous Raman spectroscopy and stimulated Raman spectroscopy in combination with targeted imaging of biomolecules within living systems are the main focus of this review. After having introduced common strategies for bioorthogonal labeling, we present applications thereof for profiling of resistance patterns in bacterial cells, investigations of pharmaceutical drug-cell interactions in eukaryotic cells and cancer diagnosis in whole tissue samples. Ultimately, this approach proves to be a flexible and robust tool for in vivo imaging on several length scales and provides comparable information as fluorescence-based imaging without the need of bulky fluorescent tags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgette Azemtsop Matanfack
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics (IPC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology - a member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Jena, Germany
- Research Campus Infectognostics e.V., Jena, Germany
| | - Jan Rüger
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology - a member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Jena, Germany
| | - Clara Stiebing
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology - a member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics (IPC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology - a member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Jena, Germany
- Research Campus Infectognostics e.V., Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics (IPC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology - a member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Jena, Germany
- Research Campus Infectognostics e.V., Jena, Germany
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22
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Mou Y, Mukte S, Chai E, Dein J, Li XJ. Analyzing Mitochondrial Transport and Morphology in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32090993 DOI: 10.3791/60548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons have intense demands for high energy in order to support their functions. Impaired mitochondrial transport along axons has been observed in human neurons, which may contribute to neurodegeneration in various disease states. Although it is challenging to examine mitochondrial dynamics in live human nerves, such paradigms are critical for studying the role of mitochondria in neurodegeneration. Described here is a protocol for analyzing mitochondrial transport and mitochondrial morphology in forebrain neuron axons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The iPSCs are differentiated into telencephalic glutamatergic neurons using well-established methods. Mitochondria of the neurons are stained with MitoTracker CMXRos, and mitochondrial movement within the axons are captured using a live-cell imaging microscope equipped with an incubator for cell culture. Time-lapse images are analyzed using software with "MultiKymograph", "Bioformat importer", and "Macros" plugins. Kymographs of mitochondrial transport are generated, and average mitochondrial velocity in the anterograde and retrograde directions is read from the kymograph. Regarding mitochondrial morphology analysis, mitochondrial length, area, and aspect ratio are obtained using the ImageJ. In summary, this protocol allows characterization of mitochondrial trafficking along axons and analysis of their morphology to facilitate studies of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Mou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Sukhada Mukte
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford
| | - Eric Chai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford
| | - Joshua Dein
- MD Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford
| | - Xue-Jun Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago;
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23
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Abstract
Optical microscopy has served biomedical research for decades due to its high temporal and spatial resolutions. Among various optical imaging techniques, fluorescence imaging offers superb sensitivity down to single molecule level but its multiplexing capacity is limited by intrinsically broad bandwidth. To simultaneously capture a vast number of targets, the newly emerging vibrational microscopy technique draws increasing attention as vibration spectroscopy features narrow transition linewidth. Nonetheless, unlike fluorophores that have been studied for centuries, a systematic investigation on vibrational probes is underemphasized. Herein, we reviewed some of the recent developments of vibrational probes for multiplex imaging applications, particularly those serving stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, which is one of the most promising vibrational imaging techniques. We wish to summarize the general guidelines for developing bioorthogonal vibrational probes with high sensitivity, chemical specificity and most importantly, tunability to fulfill super-multiplexed optical imaging. Future directions to significantly improve the performance are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Miao
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States of America
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24
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Abstract
Imaging techniques greatly facilitate the comprehensive knowledge of biological systems. Although imaging methodology for biomacromolecules such as protein and nucleic acids has been long established, microscopic techniques and contrast mechanisms are relatively limited for small biomolecules, which are equally important participants in biological processes. Recent developments in Raman imaging, including both microscopy and tailored vibrational tags, have created exciting opportunities for noninvasive imaging of small biomolecules in living cells, tissues, and organisms. Here, we summarize the principle and workflow of small-biomolecule imaging by Raman microscopy. Then, we review recent efforts in imaging, for example, lipids, metabolites, and drugs. The unique advantage of Raman imaging has been manifested in a variety of applications that have provided novel biological insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - Fanghao Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - Wei Min
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
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25
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Zeng C, Hu F, Long R, Min W. A ratiometric Raman probe for live-cell imaging of hydrogen sulfide in mitochondria by stimulated Raman scattering. Analyst 2018; 143:4844-4848. [PMID: 30246812 PMCID: PMC6249677 DOI: 10.1039/c8an00910d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) coupled with alkyne tags has been an emerging imaging technique to visualize small-molecule species with high sensitivity and specificity. Here we describe the development of a ratiometric Raman probe for visualizing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) species in living cells as the first alkyne-based sensor for SRS microscopy. This probe uses an azide unit as a selective reactive site, and it targets mitochondria with high specificity. The SRS ratiometric images show a strong response to H2S level changes in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zeng
- Department of chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Fanghao Hu
- Department of chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Rong Long
- Department of chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Wei Min
- Department of chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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26
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Kimura K, Onishi S, Moriyama K. Fluorescence-Based High-Throughput Salt Screening. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:1870-1878. [PMID: 29499276 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports a high-throughput screening method for the salt formation of amine-containing active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) based on fluorescence measurements. A free form amine API was alkynylated by a solid-vapor reaction using propargyl bromide, and a fluorescent compound was produced by a subsequent reaction using 9-azidomethylanthracene. In contrast, salts were inert to propargyl bromide; thus, no fluorescence was observed. Samples for salt screening were prepared by grinding haloperidol with various counter acids, and these mixtures were derivatized in a 96-well microplate to determine whether the salt formation had occurred between haloperidol and the counter acids. Samples that turned into fluorescent and nonfluorescent were confirmed to be free form and salt form, respectively, using powder X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. In conclusion, our method adequately functions as an indicator of the salt formation of amine APIs. Further, this method allows for the rapid evaluation of the salt formation of APIs using 96-well microplates without the need for special reagents or techniques; thus, it is valuable for the discovery of an optimal salt form of newly developed amine APIs in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazue Kimura
- School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama 703-8516, Japan
| | - Saho Onishi
- School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama 703-8516, Japan
| | - Kei Moriyama
- School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama 703-8516, Japan.
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27
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Supermultiplexed optical imaging and barcoding with engineered polyynes. Nat Methods 2018; 15:194-200. [PMID: 29334378 PMCID: PMC5831481 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.4578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Optical multiplexing has a large impact in photonics, the life sciences and biomedicine. However, current technology is limited by a 'multiplexing ceiling' from existing optical materials. Here we engineered a class of polyyne-based materials for optical supermultiplexing. We achieved 20 distinct Raman frequencies, as 'Carbon rainbow', through rational engineering of conjugation length, bond-selective isotope doping and end-capping substitution of polyynes. With further probe functionalization, we demonstrated ten-color organelle imaging in individual living cells with high specificity, sensitivity and photostability. Moreover, we realized optical data storage and identification by combinatorial barcoding, yielding to our knowledge the largest number of distinct spectral barcodes to date. Therefore, these polyynes hold great promise in live-cell imaging and sorting as well as in high-throughput diagnostics and screening.
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28
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Li X, Jiang M, Lam JWY, Tang BZ, Qu JY. Mitochondrial Imaging with Combined Fluorescence and Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy Using a Probe of the Aggregation-Induced Emission Characteristic. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17022-17030. [PMID: 29111701 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In vivo quantitative measurement of biodistribution plays a critical role in the drug/probe development and diagnosis/treatment process monitoring. In this work, we report a probe, named AIE-SRS-Mito, for imaging mitochondria in live cells via fluorescence (FL) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging. The probe features an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristic and possesses an enhanced alkyne Raman peak at 2223 cm-1. The dual-mode imaging of AIE-SRS-Mito for selective mitochondrion-targeting was examined on a homemade FL-SRS microscope system. The detection limit of the probe in the SRS imaging was estimated to be 8.5 μM. Due to the linear concentration dependence of SRS and inertness of the alkyne Raman signal to environmental changes, the intracellular distribution of the probe was studied, showing a local concentration of >2.0 mM in the mitochondria matrix, which was >100-fold higher than the incubation concentration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the local concentration of AIE molecules inside cells has been measured noninvasively and directly. Also, the nonquenching effect of such AIE molecules in cell imaging has been verified by the positive correlation of FL and SRS signals. Our work will encourage the utilization of SRS microscopy for quantitative characterization of FL probes or other nonfluorescent compounds in living biological systems and the development of FL-SRS dual-mode probes for specific biotargets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Li
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, ‡Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, School of Science, and Institute for Advanced Study, and §Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Meijuan Jiang
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, ‡Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, School of Science, and Institute for Advanced Study, and §Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, ‡Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, School of Science, and Institute for Advanced Study, and §Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, ‡Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, School of Science, and Institute for Advanced Study, and §Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Jianan Y Qu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, ‡Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, School of Science, and Institute for Advanced Study, and §Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
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29
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Zhao Z, Shen Y, Hu F, Min W. Applications of vibrational tags in biological imaging by Raman microscopy. Analyst 2017; 142:4018-4029. [PMID: 28875184 PMCID: PMC5674523 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01001j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
As a superb tool to visualize and study the spatial-temporal distribution of chemicals, Raman microscopy has made a big impact in many disciplines of science. While label-free imaging has been the prevailing strategy in Raman microscopy, recent development and applications of vibrational/Raman tags, particularly when coupled with stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, have generated intense excitement in biomedical imaging. SRS imaging of vibrational tags has enabled researchers to study a wide range of small biomolecules with high specificity, sensitivity and multiplex capability, at a single live cell level, tissue level or even in vivo. As reviewed in this article, this platform has facilitated imaging distribution and dynamics of small molecules such as glucose, lipids, amino acids, nucleic acids, and drugs that are otherwise difficult to monitor with other means. As both the vibrational tags and Raman instrumental development progress rapidly and synergistically, we anticipate that this technique will shed light onto an even broader spectrum of biomedical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, 10027, USA.
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30
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Moriyama K, Yasuhara Y, Ota H. Visualization of Protonation/Deprotonation of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient in Solid State by Vapor Phase Amine-Selective Alkyne Tagging and Raman Imaging. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:1778-1785. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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31
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Tipping WJ, Lee M, Serrels A, Brunton VG, Hulme AN. Imaging drug uptake by bioorthogonal stimulated Raman scattering microscopy. Chem Sci 2017; 8:5606-5615. [PMID: 30155229 PMCID: PMC6103005 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01837a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy in tandem with bioorthogonal Raman labelling enables intracellular drug concentrations, distribution and therapeutic response to be measured in living cells.
Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy in tandem with bioorthogonal Raman labelling strategies is set to revolutionise the direct visualisation of intracellular drug uptake. Rational evaluation of a series of Raman-active labels has allowed the identification of highly active labels which have minimal perturbation on the biological efficacy of the parent drug. Drug uptake has been correlated with markers of cellular composition and cell cycle status, and mapped across intracellular structures using dual-colour and multi-modal imaging. The minimal phototoxicity and low photobleaching associated with SRS microscopy has enabled real-time imaging in live cells. These studies demonstrate the potential for SRS microscopy in the drug development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Tipping
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , The University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , UK . .,Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre , Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine , The University of Edinburgh , Crewe Road South , Edinburgh , EH4 2XR , UK .
| | - Martin Lee
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre , Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine , The University of Edinburgh , Crewe Road South , Edinburgh , EH4 2XR , UK .
| | - Alan Serrels
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre , Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine , The University of Edinburgh , Crewe Road South , Edinburgh , EH4 2XR , UK .
| | - Valerie G Brunton
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre , Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine , The University of Edinburgh , Crewe Road South , Edinburgh , EH4 2XR , UK .
| | - Alison N Hulme
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , The University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , UK .
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32
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Liu X, Yang L, Long Q, Weaver D, Hajnóczky G. Choosing proper fluorescent dyes, proteins, and imaging techniques to study mitochondrial dynamics in mammalian cells. BIOPHYSICS REPORTS 2017; 3:64-72. [PMID: 29238743 PMCID: PMC5719805 DOI: 10.1007/s41048-017-0037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics refers to the processes maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, including mitochondrial fission, fusion, transport, biogenesis, and mitophagy. Mitochondrial dynamics is essential for maintaining the metabolic function of mitochondria as well as their regulatory roles in cell signaling. In this review, we summarize the recently developed imaging techniques for studying mitochondrial dynamics including: mitochondrial-targeted fluorescent proteins and dyes, live-cell imaging using photoactivation, photoswitching and cell fusion, mitochondrial transcription and replication imaging by in situ hybridization, and imaging mitochondrial dynamics by super-resolution microscopy. Moreover, we discuss examples of how to choose and combine proper fluorescent dyes and/or proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Liang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Qi Long
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - David Weaver
- Department of Pathology, MitoCare Center, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
| | - György Hajnóczky
- Department of Pathology, MitoCare Center, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
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33
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Kurihara R, Ikemura Y, Tanabe K. Preparation of alkyne-labeled 2-nitroimidazoles for identification of tumor hypoxia by Raman spectroscopy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4892-4894. [PMID: 27646700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a characteristic feature of solid tumors. Herein, we have developed novel hypoxia-sensitive probes (IM-ACs) for Raman spectroscopic analysis, consisting of nitroimidazole as a hypoxia-targeting unit and acetylene group as the signal-emitting unit. Among IM-ACs synthesized in this study, IM-AC possessing a diacetylene group (IM-AC 3), showed suitable properties as a hypoxia indicator. When administered to A549 cells, we observed a strong signal of IM-AC 3 around 2200cm-1 in the Raman spectra from hypoxic cells. Ex vivo experiments suggest that IM-AC 3 remained in hypoxic tumor tissue and emitted a strong signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohsuke Kurihara
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5258, Japan
| | - Yuta Ikemura
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5258, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5258, Japan.
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34
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Ando J, Palonpon AF, Sodeoka M, Fujita K. High-speed Raman imaging of cellular processes. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2016; 33:16-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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35
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Tipping WJ, Lee M, Serrels A, Brunton VG, Hulme AN. Stimulated Raman scattering microscopy: an emerging tool for drug discovery. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:2075-89. [PMID: 26839248 PMCID: PMC4839273 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00693g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Optical microscopy techniques have emerged as a cornerstone of biomedical research, capable of probing the cellular functions of a vast range of substrates, whilst being minimally invasive to the cells or tissues of interest. Incorporating biological imaging into the early stages of the drug discovery process can provide invaluable information about drug activity within complex disease models. Spontaneous Raman spectroscopy has been widely used as a platform for the study of cells and their components based on chemical composition; but slow acquisition rates, poor resolution and a lack of sensitivity have hampered further development. A new generation of stimulated Raman techniques is emerging which allows the imaging of cells, tissues and organisms at faster acquisition speeds, and with greater resolution and sensitivity than previously possible. This review focuses on the development of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), and covers the use of bioorthogonal tags to enhance sample detection, and recent applications of both spontaneous Raman and SRS as novel imaging platforms to facilitate the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. J. Tipping
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , The University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building , David Brewster Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , UK .
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre , Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine , The University of Edinburgh , Crewe Road South , Edinburgh , EH4 2XR , UK
| | - M. Lee
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre , Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine , The University of Edinburgh , Crewe Road South , Edinburgh , EH4 2XR , UK
| | - A. Serrels
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre , Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine , The University of Edinburgh , Crewe Road South , Edinburgh , EH4 2XR , UK
| | - V. G. Brunton
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre , Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine , The University of Edinburgh , Crewe Road South , Edinburgh , EH4 2XR , UK
| | - A. N. Hulme
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , The University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building , David Brewster Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , UK .
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36
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Yamashita M, Sasaki H, Moriyama K. Vapor Phase Alkyne Coating of Pharmaceutical Excipients: Discrimination Enhancement of Raman Chemical Imaging for Tablets. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:4093-4098. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Raman microscopy for cellular investigations--From single cell imaging to drug carrier uptake visualization. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 89:71-90. [PMID: 25728764 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Progress in advanced therapeutic concepts requires the development of appropriate carrier systems for intracellular drug delivery. Consequently, analysis of interaction between carriers, drugs and cells as well as their uptake and intracellular fate is a current focus of research interest. In this context, Raman spectroscopy recently became an emerging analytical technique, due to its non-destructive, chemically selective and label-free working principle. In this review, we briefly present the state-of-the-art technologies for cell visualization and drug internalization. Against this background, Raman microscopy is introduced as a versatile analytical technique. An overview of various Raman spectroscopy investigations in this field is given including interactions of cells with drug molecules, carrier systems and other nanomaterials. Further, Raman instrumentations and sample preparation methods are discussed. Finally, as the analytical limit is not reached yet, a future perspective for Raman microscopy in pharmaceutical and biomedical research on the single cell level is given.
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