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Markowicz-Piasecka M, Kubisiak M, Asendrych-Wicik K, Kołodziejczyk M, Grzelińska J, Fabijańska M, Pietrzak T. Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics-A Review on Formulation and In Vitro Dissolution. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:28. [PMID: 38258037 PMCID: PMC10820045 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-acting injectable (LAI) neuroleptics constitute an effective therapeutical alternative for individuals suffering from persistent mental illness. These injectable pharmaceuticals help patients manage their condition better and improve long-term outcomes by preventing relapses and improving compliance. This review aims to analyse the current formulation aspects of LAI neuroleptics, with particular emphasis on analysis of drug release profiles as a critical test to guarantee drug quality and relevant therapeutical activity. While there is no officially approved procedure for depot parenteral drug formulations, various dissolution tests which were developed by LAI manufacturers are described. In vitro dissolution tests also possess a critical function in the estimation of the in vivo performance of a drug formulation. For that reason, thorough inspection of the in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcin Kubisiak
- Liquid Dosage Form Laboratory, Research and Development Department, Polfa Warszawa S.A., Karolkowa 22/24, 01-207 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (K.A.-W.); (J.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Asendrych-Wicik
- Liquid Dosage Form Laboratory, Research and Development Department, Polfa Warszawa S.A., Karolkowa 22/24, 01-207 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (K.A.-W.); (J.G.); (T.P.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Kołodziejczyk
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Joanna Grzelińska
- Liquid Dosage Form Laboratory, Research and Development Department, Polfa Warszawa S.A., Karolkowa 22/24, 01-207 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (K.A.-W.); (J.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Małgorzata Fabijańska
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Pietrzak
- Liquid Dosage Form Laboratory, Research and Development Department, Polfa Warszawa S.A., Karolkowa 22/24, 01-207 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (K.A.-W.); (J.G.); (T.P.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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Robust and predictive QSAR models for predicting the D2, 5-HT1A, and 5-HT2A inhibition activities of fused tricyclic heterocycle piperazine (piperidine) derivatives as atypical antipsychotic drugs. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Computational approaches for the design of novel dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2A receptor dual antagonist towards schizophrenia. In Silico Pharmacol 2022; 10:7. [PMID: 35433192 PMCID: PMC8990614 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-022-00121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Abdelshaheed MM, Fawzy IM, El-Subbagh HI, Youssef KM. Piperidine nucleus in the field of drug discovery. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00335-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Piperidine is an essential heterocyclic system and a pivotal cornerstone in the production of drugs. Piperidine byproducts showed several important pharmacophoric features and are being utilized in different therapeutic applications.
Main text
Piperidine derivatives are being utilized in different ways as anticancer, antiviral, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antifungal, antihypertension, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer, antipsychotic and/or anticoagulant agents.
Conclusions
This review article sheds a light on the most recent studies proving the importance of piperidine nucleus in the field of drug discovery.
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Guzow K, Mulkiewicz E, Obuchowski M, Wiczk W. Biological activity of 3-(2-benzoxazol-5-yl)alanine derivatives. Amino Acids 2021; 53:1257-1268. [PMID: 34240252 PMCID: PMC8325670 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Searching for new drugs is still a challenge for science, mainly because of civilization development and globalization which promote the rapid spread of diseases, which is particularly dangerous in the case of infectious ones. Moreover, readily available already known antibiotics are often overused or misused, possibly contributing to the increase in the number of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. A consequence of this is the need for new structures of potential drugs. One of them is a benzoxazole moiety, a basic skeleton of a group of fluorescent heterocyclic compounds already widely used in chemistry, industry, and medicine, which is also present in naturally occurring biologically active compounds. Moreover, synthetic benzoxazoles are also biologically active. Considering all of that, a large group of non-proteinogenic amino acids based on 3-(2-benzoxazol-5-yl)alanine skeleton was studied in search for new antimicrobial and anticancer agents. Screening tests revealed that antibacterial potential of 41 compounds studied is not very high; however, they are selective acting only against Gram-positive bacteria (B. subtilis). Moreover, almost half of the studied compounds have antifungal properties, also against pathogens (C. albicans). Most of studied compounds are toxic to both normal and cancer cells. However, in a few cases, toxicity to normal cells is much lower than for cancer cells indicating these compounds as future anticancer agents. The research carried out on such a large group of compounds allowed to establish a structure–activity relationship which enables to select candidates for further modifications, necessary to improve their biological activity and obtain a new lead structure with potential for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Guzow
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland.
| | - Ewa Mulkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland
| | - Michał Obuchowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, Gdańsk, 80-211, Poland
| | - Wiesław Wiczk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland
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6
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Rathore A, Asati V, Kashaw SK, Agarwal S, Parwani D, Bhattacharya S, Mallick C. The Recent Development of Piperazine and Piperidine Derivatives as Antipsychotic Agents. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:362-379. [PMID: 32912125 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200910092327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder that affects nearly 1% of the global population. There are various anti-psychotic drugs available for the treatment of schizophrenia, but they have certain side effects; therefore, there is a need to explore and develop novel potential lead compounds against schizophrenia. The currently available drugs e.g. typical and atypical antipsychotics act on different dopamine and serotonin receptors and as per literature reports, various piperidine and piperazine derivatives have shown promising activity against these receptors. When different heterocyclic groups are attached to basic piperidine and piperazine rings, the antipsychotic activity is greatly potentiated. In this direction, various antipsychotic drugs have been synthesized at the laboratory level, and few are under clinical trial studies, such as Lu AE58054, PF-04802540, ORG25935, DMXB-A, Bitopertin, and ABT-126. In the present review, we include the studies related to the effect of different substituents on piperidine/piperazine derivatives and their anti-psychotic activity. Various series of synthesized compounds by other researchers with piperidine/piperazine nucleus have been reviewed and diagrammatically represented in the form of SAR (structure-activity relationships), which will help the scientists for the development of potential lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Rathore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar (MP), India
| | - Vivek Asati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar (MP), India
| | - Sushil Kumar Kashaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar (MP), India
| | - Shivangi Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar (MP), India
| | - Deepa Parwani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar (MP), India
| | - Sushanta Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar (MP), India
| | - Chaitali Mallick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar (MP), India
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7
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Stępnicki P, Kondej M, Koszła O, Żuk J, Kaczor AA. Multi-targeted drug design strategies for the treatment of schizophrenia. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 16:101-114. [PMID: 32915109 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1816962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disease (or a conglomeration of disorders) manifesting with positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. The pathophysiology of schizophrenia is not completely known; however, it involves many neurotransmitters and their receptors. In order to treat schizophrenia, drugs need to be multi-target drugs. Indeed, the action of second and third generation antipsychotics involves interactions with many receptors, belonging mainly to aminergic GPCRs. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors summarize current concepts of schizophrenia with the emphasis on the modern dopaminergic, serotoninergic, and glutamatergic hypotheses. Next, they discuss treatments of the disease, stressing multi-target antipsychotics. They cover different aspects of design of multi-target ligands, including the application of molecular modeling approaches for the design and benefits and limitations of multifunctional compounds. Finally, they present successful case studies of multi-target drug design against schizophrenia. EXPERT OPINION Treatment of schizophrenia requires the application of multi-target drugs. While designing single target drugs is relatively easy, designing multifunctional compounds is a challenge due to the necessity to balance the affinity to many targets, while avoiding promiscuity and the problems with drug-likeness. Multi-target drugs bring many benefits: better efficiency, fewer adverse effects, and drug-drug interactions and better patient compliance to drug regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Stępnicki
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin , Lublin, Poland
| | - Magda Kondej
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin , Lublin, Poland
| | - Oliwia Koszła
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin , Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Żuk
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin , Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka A Kaczor
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin , Lublin, Poland.,School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio, Finland
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8
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Synthesis, crystal structure, DFT calculations, Hirshfeld surface, vibrational and optical properties of a novel hybrid non-centrosymmetric material (C10H15N2)2H2P2O7. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.06.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Turan N, Özkay ÜD, Can NÖ, Can ÖD. Investigating the Antidepressant-like Effects of some Benzimidazolepiperidine Derivatives by In-Vivo Experimental Methods. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180815666181004103112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background: Benzimidazole and piperidine rings are important pharmacophore groups
for drug design studies.
</P><P>
Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the antidepressant-like activity of some 2-(4-
substituted-phenyl)-1-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl]-1H-benzimidazole derivatives.
</P><P>
Methods: Tail-suspension Test (TST) and Modified Forced Swimming Tests (MFST) were used to
assess antidepressant-like activities of the test compounds. Moreover, locomotor activity performances
of the animals were evaluated by an activity cage device.
</P><P>
Results: In the TST and MFST, compounds 2c-2h (10 mg/kg) and the reference drug fluoxetine (20
mg/kg) significantly reduced the immobility time of mice indicating the antidepressant-like activities
of these compounds. Further, in MFST, the same compounds induced significant enhancement
in the duration of active swimming behaviors without affecting the climbing performance of the
animals. This prolongation in the swimming time, similar to fluoxetine, pointed out that antidepressant-
like activity of the compounds 2c-2h might be related to the serotonergic rather than noradrenergic
mechanisms. Besides, results of the activity cage tests demonstrated that none of the tested
compounds caused an alteration in the locomotor activities of mice, signifying that antidepressantlike
effects presented in this study were specific.
</P><P>
Conclusion: In conclusion, results of this present study supported the previous papers reporting the
therapeutic potential of compounds carrying benzimidazole and/or piperidine rings in their structure
and emphasized, once again, the importance of these pharmacophore groups in drug design studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazlı Turan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ümide Demir Özkay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Nafiz Öncü Can
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Özgür Devrim Can
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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10
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Multi-Target Approach for Drug Discovery against Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103105. [PMID: 30309037 PMCID: PMC6213273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polypharmacology is nowadays considered an increasingly crucial aspect in discovering new drugs as a number of original single-target drugs have been performing far behind expectations during the last ten years. In this scenario, multi-target drugs are a promising approach against polygenic diseases with complex pathomechanisms such as schizophrenia. Indeed, second generation or atypical antipsychotics target a number of aminergic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) simultaneously. Novel strategies in drug design and discovery against schizophrenia focus on targets beyond the dopaminergic hypothesis of the disease and even beyond the monoamine GPCRs. In particular these approaches concern proteins involved in glutamatergic and cholinergic neurotransmission, challenging the concept of antipsychotic activity without dopamine D₂ receptor involvement. Potentially interesting compounds include ligands interacting with glycine modulatory binding pocket on N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, positive allosteric modulators of α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors, positive allosteric modulators of metabotropic glutamatergic receptors, agonists and positive allosteric modulators of α7 nicotinic receptors, as well as muscarinic receptor agonists. In this review we discuss classical and novel drug targets for schizophrenia, cover benefits and limitations of current strategies to design multi-target drugs and show examples of multi-target ligands as antipsychotics, including marketed drugs, substances in clinical trials, and other investigational compounds.
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11
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Stępnicki P, Kondej M, Kaczor AA. Current Concepts and Treatments of Schizophrenia. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23082087. [PMID: 30127324 PMCID: PMC6222385 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23082087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental illness which involves three groups of symptoms, i.e., positive, negative and cognitive, and has major public health implications. According to various sources, it affects up to 1% of the population. The pathomechanism of schizophrenia is not fully understood and current antipsychotics are characterized by severe limitations. Firstly, these treatments are efficient for about half of patients only. Secondly, they ameliorate mainly positive symptoms (e.g., hallucinations and thought disorders which are the core of the disease) but negative (e.g., flat affect and social withdrawal) and cognitive (e.g., learning and attention disorders) symptoms remain untreated. Thirdly, they involve severe neurological and metabolic side effects and may lead to sexual dysfunction or agranulocytosis (clozapine). It is generally agreed that the interactions of antipsychotics with various neurotransmitter receptors are responsible for their effects to treat schizophrenia symptoms. In particular, several G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), mainly dopamine, serotonin and adrenaline receptors, are traditional molecular targets for antipsychotics. Comprehensive research on GPCRs resulted in the exploration of novel important signaling mechanisms of GPCRs which are crucial for drug discovery: intentionally non-selective multi-target compounds, allosteric modulators, functionally selective compounds and receptor oligomerization. In this review, we cover current hypotheses of schizophrenia, involving different neurotransmitter systems, discuss available treatments and present novel concepts in schizophrenia and its treatment, involving mainly novel mechanisms of GPCRs signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Stępnicki
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Magda Kondej
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka A Kaczor
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland.
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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12
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Recent advance in oxazole-based medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 144:444-492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13
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Spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV, NMR, NLO) investigation, molecular docking and molecular simulation dynamics on 1-Methyl-3-Phenylpiperazine. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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14
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Nguyen TB, Retailleau P. Elemental Sulfur-Promoted Oxidative Rearranging Coupling between o-Aminophenols and Ketones: A Synthesis of 2-Alkyl benzoxazoles under Mild Conditions. Org Lett 2017; 19:3887-3890. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Binh Nguyen
- Institut de Chimie des Substances
Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université
Paris-Saclay, 1, avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances
Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université
Paris-Saclay, 1, avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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15
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Pairas GN, Perperopoulou F, Tsoungas PG, Varvounis G. The Isoxazole Ring and ItsN-Oxide: A Privileged Core Structure in Neuropsychiatric Therapeutics. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:408-419. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- George N. Pairas
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy; University of Patras; 265 04 Patras Greece
| | - Fereniki Perperopoulou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology; Agricultural University of Athens; 75 Iera Odos St. 118 55 Athens Greece
| | - Petros G. Tsoungas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; Hellenic Pasteur Institute; 127 Vas. Sofias Ave. 115 21 Athens Greece
| | - George Varvounis
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry; University of Ioannina; 451 10 Ioannina Greece
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16
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DEMİR ÖZKAY Ü, CAN ÖD, TURAN N, ÇAVUŞOĞLU KAYA B. Synthesis and antinociceptive activities of some novel benzimidazole-piperidine derivatives. Turk J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.3906/kim-1612-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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17
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Reilly SW, Bryan NW, Mach RH. Pd-catalyzed arylation of linear and angular spirodiamine salts under aerobic conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2016; 58:466-469. [PMID: 31762498 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Application of Buchwald-Hartwig catalysis for development of biologically relevant arylspirodiamine compounds is reported. This synthetic methodology requires no inert atmosphere and affords yields up to 93% in just 20 min. Linear and sterically hindered angular spirodiamines in salt and free-base form are coupled with electron-rich and -withdrawing aryl chlorides, demonstrating a broad scope and applicability of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean W Reilly
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nikaela W Bryan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert H Mach
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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18
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Reilly SW, Mach RH. Pd-Catalyzed Synthesis of Piperazine Scaffolds Under Aerobic and Solvent-Free Conditions. Org Lett 2016; 18:5272-5275. [PMID: 27736075 PMCID: PMC5984194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A facile Pd-catalyzed methodology providing an efficient synthetic route to biologically relevant arylpiperazines under aerobic conditions is reported. Electron donating and sterically hindered aryl chlorides were aminated to afford yields up to 97%, with examples using piperazine as solvent, illustrating an ecofriendly, cost-effective synthesis of these privileged structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean W Reilly
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Robert H Mach
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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19
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Butini S, Nikolic K, Kassel S, Brückmann H, Filipic S, Agbaba D, Gemma S, Brogi S, Brindisi M, Campiani G, Stark H. Polypharmacology of dopamine receptor ligands. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 142:68-103. [PMID: 27234980 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Most neurological diseases have a multifactorial nature and the number of molecular mechanisms discovered as underpinning these diseases is continuously evolving. The old concept of developing selective agents for a single target does not fit with the medical need of most neurological diseases. The development of designed multiple ligands holds great promises and appears as the next step in drug development for the treatment of these multifactorial diseases. Dopamine and its five receptor subtypes are intimately involved in numerous neurological disorders. Dopamine receptor ligands display a high degree of cross interactions with many other targets including G-protein coupled receptors, transporters, enzymes and ion channels. For brain disorders like Parkinsońs disease, schizophrenia and depression the dopaminergic system, being intertwined with many other signaling systems, plays a key role in pathogenesis and therapy. The concept of designed multiple ligands and polypharmacology, which perfectly meets the therapeutic needs for these brain disorders, is herein discussed as a general ligand-based concept while focusing on dopaminergic agents and receptor subtypes in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - K Nikolic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Kassel
- Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - H Brückmann
- Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - S Filipic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Agbaba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - S Brogi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - M Brindisi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - G Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - H Stark
- Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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