1
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Mottaghi Amlashi D, Mobini S, Shahedi M, Habibi Z, Bavandi H, Yousefi M. Biocatalytic synthesis of oxa(thia)diazole aryl thioethers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19468. [PMID: 39174618 PMCID: PMC11341560 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel approach for the synthesis of 1,3,4-oxa(thia)diazole aryl thioethers through a biocatalytic strategy has been introduced. By leveraging Myceliophthora thermophila laccase (Novozym 51003) as a catalyst, catechol undergoes oxidation to ortho-quinone, facilitating subsequent 1,4-thia-Michael addition reactions. The method offers efficiency and mild reaction conditions, demonstrating promise for sustainable synthesis pathways in organic chemistry. Using this approach, 13 new derivatives of 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxa(thia)diazole aryl thioethers, with a yield of 46-94%, were synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donya Mottaghi Amlashi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Daneshjou Boulevard, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mobini
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Daneshjou Boulevard, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Mansour Shahedi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Daneshjou Boulevard, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Zohreh Habibi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Daneshjou Boulevard, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran.
| | - Hossein Bavandi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Daneshjou Boulevard, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Maryam Yousefi
- Avicenna Research Institute, Nanobiotechnology Research Center, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Wahan SK, Bhargava G, Chawla V, Chawla PA. Unlocking InhA: Novel approaches to inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bioorg Chem 2024; 146:107250. [PMID: 38460337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis continues to pose a health security risk and remains a public health emergency. Antimicrobial resistance result from treatment regimens that are both insufficient and incomplete leading to the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis and totally drug-resistant tuberculosis. The impact of tuberculosis on the people suffering from HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus infection) have resulted in the increased research efforts in designing and discovery of novel antitubercular drugs that may result in decreasing treatment duration, minimising the need for multiple drug intake, minimising cytotoxicity and enhancing the mechanism of action of drug. While many drugs are available to treat tuberculosis, a precise and timely cure is still absent. Consequently, further investigation is needed to identify more recent molecular equivalents that have the potential to swiftly remove this disease. Isoniazid (INH), a treatment for tuberculosis (TB), targets the enzyme InhA (mycobacterium enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase), the Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase, most common INH resistance is circumvented by InhA inhibitors that do not require KatG (catalase-peroxidase) activation, as a result, researchers are trying to work in the area of development of InhA inhibitors which could help in eradicating the era of tuberculosis from the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranpreet K Wahan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, India
| | - Gaurav Bhargava
- Department of Chemical Sciences, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, India
| | - Viney Chawla
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab 151203, India
| | - Pooja A Chawla
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab 151203, India.
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3
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Tyagi S, Mishra R, Mazumder R, Mazumder A. Current Market Potential and Prospects of Copper-based Pyridine Derivatives: A Review. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:1111-1123. [PMID: 37496249 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230726160056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine, minodronic acid, nicotinamide (niacin), zolpidem, zolimidine, and other pyridine-based chemicals play vital roles in medicine and biology. Pyridinecontaining drugs are widely available on the market to treat a wide range of human ailments. As a result of these advances, pyridine research is continually expanding, and there are now higher expectations for how it may aid in the treatment of numerous ailments. This evaluation incorporates data acquired from sources, like PubMed, to provide a thorough summary of the approved drugs and bioactivity data for compounds containing pyridine. Most of the reactions discussed in this article will provide readers with a deeper understanding of various pyridine-related examples, which is necessary for the creation of copper catalysis-based synthetic processes that are more accessible, secure, environmentally friendly, and practical, and that also have higher accuracy and selectivity. This paper also discusses significant innovations in the multi-component copper-catalyzed synthesis of N-heterocycles (pyridine), with the aim of developing precise, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly oxygenation and oxidation synthetic methods for the future synthesis of additional novel pyridine base analogs. Therefore, the review article will serve as a novel platform for researchers investigating copperbased pyridine compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Tyagi
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-2, Plot 19, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Rakhi Mishra
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-2, Plot 19, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Rupa Mazumder
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-2, Plot 19, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Avijit Mazumder
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-2, Plot 19, Greater Noida, 201306, India
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4
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Xia F, Zhang H, Yang H, Zheng M, Min W, Sun C, Yuan K, Yang P. Targeting polyketide synthase 13 for the treatment of tuberculosis. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115702. [PMID: 37544185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most threatening diseases for humans, however, the drug treatment strategy for TB has been stagnant and inadequate, which could not meet current treatment needs. TB is caused by Mycobacterial tuberculosis, which has a unique cell wall that plays a crucial role in its growth, virulence, and drug resistance. Polyketide synthase 13 (Pks13) is an essential enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of the cell wall and its critical role is only found in Mycobacteria. Therefore, Pks13 is a promising target for developing novel anti-TB drugs. In this review, we first introduced the mechanism of targeting Pks13 for TB treatment. Subsequently, we focused on summarizing the recent advance of Pks13 inhibitors, including the challenges encountered during their discovery and the rational design strategies employed to overcome these obstacles, which could be helpful for the development of novel Pks13 inhibitors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Haoling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Huanaoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Mingming Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Wenjian Min
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Chengliang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Kai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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5
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Desai N, Jadeja D, Monapara J, Panda SK, Rana MK, Dave B. Design, synthesis, antimicrobial activity, DFT, and molecular docking studies of pyridine-pyrazole-based dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazoles against various bacterial and fungal targets. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23377. [PMID: 37098749 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance which is increasing at an alarming rate is a severe public health issue worldwide. Hence, the development of novel antibiotics is an urgent need as microbes have developed resistance against available antibiotics. In search of novel antimicrobial agents, a convenient route for the preparation of substituted 3-(1-phenyl-3-(p-tolyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1-(2-phenyl-5-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-3(2H)-yl)prop-2-en-1-ones (6a-6o) has been adopted by using pyridine-3-carbohydrazide and various aromatic aldehydes. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by using various spectral techniques, for example, IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Synthesized hybrids were studied for in vitro antimicrobial potency against various bacterial and fungal strains. Antibacterial results revealed that compounds 6e, 6h, 6i, 6l, and 6m were found to be most active against bacterial strains as they showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 62.5 μg/mL while compounds 6d, 6e, and 6h showed MIC value of 200 μg/mL against Candida albicans. The quantum parameters that relate to the bioavailability of the compounds were computed, followed by docking with different bacterial and fungal targets like sortase A, dihydrofolate reductase, thymidylate kinase, gyrase B, sterol 14-alpha demethylase. The experimental and computational results are in good agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisheeth Desai
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Dharmpalsinh Jadeja
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Jahnvi Monapara
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Saroj Kumar Panda
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - Malay Kumar Rana
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - Bharti Dave
- School of Science, Indrashil University, Kadi, Gujarat, India
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6
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Irfan A, Faisal S, Zahoor AF, Noreen R, Al-Hussain SA, Tuzun B, Javaid R, Elhenawy AA, Zaki MEA, Ahmad S, Abdellattif MH. In Silico Development of Novel Benzofuran-1,3,4-Oxadiazoles as Lead Inhibitors of M. tuberculosis Polyketide Synthase 13. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:829. [PMID: 37375776 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzofuran and 1,3,4-oxadiazole are privileged and versatile heterocyclic pharmacophores which display a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological therapeutic potential against a wide variety of diseases. This article reports in silico CADD (computer-aided drug design) and molecular hybridization approaches for the evaluation of the chemotherapeutic efficacy of 16 S-linked N-phenyl acetamide moiety containing benzofuran-1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffolds BF1-BF16. This virtual screening was carried out to discover and assess the chemotherapeutic efficacy of BF1-BF16 structural motifs as Mycobacterium tuberculosis polyketide synthase 13 (Mtb Pks13) enzyme inhibitors. The CADD study results revealed that the benzofuran clubbed oxadiazole derivatives BF3, BF4, and BF8 showed excellent and remarkably significant binding energies against the Mtb Pks13 enzyme comparable with the standard benzofuran-based TAM-16 inhibitor. The best binding affinity scores were displayed by 1,3,4-oxadiazoles-based benzofuran scaffolds BF3 (-14.23 kcal/mol), BF4 (-14.82 kcal/mol), and BF8 (-14.11 kcal/mol), in comparison to the binding affinity score of the standard reference TAM-16 drug (-14.61 kcal/mol). 2,5-Dimethoxy moiety-based bromobenzofuran-oxadiazole derivative BF4 demonstrated the highest binding affinity score amongst the screened compounds, and was higher than the reference Pks13 inhibitor TAM-16 drug. The bindings of these three leads BF3, BF4, and BF8 were further confirmed by the MM-PBSA investigations in which they also exhibited strong bindings with the Pks13 of Mtb. Moreover, the stability analysis of these benzofuran-1,3,4-oxadiazoles in the active sites of the Pks13 enzyme was achieved through molecular dynamic (MD) simulations at 250 ns virtual simulation time, which indicated that these three in silico predicted bio-potent benzofuran tethered oxadiazole molecules BF3, BF4, and BF8 demonstrated stability with the active site of the Pks13 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shah Faisal
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Razia Noreen
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sami A Al-Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Burak Tuzun
- Plant and Animal Production Department, Technical Sciences Vocational School of Sivas, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey
| | - Rakshanda Javaid
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed A Elhenawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Art, AlBaha University, Mukhwah, Al Bahah 65731, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdi E A Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Magda H Abdellattif
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Islam MB, Islam MI, Nath N, Emran TB, Rahman MR, Sharma R, Matin MM. Recent Advances in Pyridine Scaffold: Focus on Chemistry, Synthesis, and Antibacterial Activities. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:9967591. [PMID: 37250749 PMCID: PMC10212683 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9967591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens have created a fatal problem for human health and antimicrobial treatment. Among the currently available antibiotics, many are inactive against MDR pathogens. In this context, heterocyclic compounds/drugs play a vital role. Thus, it is very much essential to explore new research to combat the issue. Of the available nitrogen-bearing heterocyclic compounds/drugs, pyridine derivatives are of special interest due to their solubility. Encouragingly, some of the newly synthesized pyridine compounds/drugs are found to inhibit multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Pyridine scaffold bearing poor basicity generally improves water solubility in pharmaceutically potential molecules and has led to the discovery of numerous broad-spectrum therapeutic agents. Keeping these in mind, we have reviewed the chemistry, recent synthetic techniques, and bacterial preventative activity of pyridine derivatives since 2015. This will facilitate the development of pyridine-based novel antibiotic/drug design in the near future as a versatile scaffold with limited side effects for the next-generation therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Badrul Islam
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Hathazari, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Inshaful Islam
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Hathazari, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Nikhil Nath
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rezaur Rahman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Jalan Datuk Mohammad Musa, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammed Mahbubul Matin
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Hathazari, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
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8
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Umair M, Rehman AU, Abbasi MA, Siddiqui SZ, Iqbal J, Khalid H, Rasool S, Khan SU, Zafar F. Modular and Computational Access to Innocuous Multistep Metal-Free Synthesis of 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles as Enzyme Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:11952-11965. [PMID: 37033856 PMCID: PMC10077450 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
An array of 1,3,4-oxadiazole hybrids, 7a-s, structurally intriguing cores with potential in natural product synthesis and drug discovery, have been synthesized using innovative comparable conventional and microwave-assisted protocols. The synthesis was performed by the reaction of secondary amine-based acetamides, 6a-s, as the electrophile and piperidine-based oxadiazoles as the nucleophile, 3, under the metal-free reaction conditions. High yield in minimum time with highest purity was obtained by the microwave-irradiated method instead of the conventional one. The structural elucidations were made through infrared, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis studies. The whole array of synthesized compounds, 7a-s, was evaluated for their potential against α-glucosidase and butyryl cholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. Natural bond orbital and structural optimizations were made by using the B3LYP method and the basis set of 6-311++G(d,p). Frontier molecular orbitals and molecular electrostatic potential were calculated at the same level of selected compounds as potential candidates against BChE and α-glucosidase enzymes utilizing the time-dependent density functional theory. Fifteen compounds out of 19 were observed to be active against α-glucosidase enzyme in comparison with acarbose as the reference standard and 7 against the BChE enzyme compared to eserine as the reference standard. The highest potential of compound 7j against BChE is well correlated by the higher binding interaction with target protein as -10.2, calculated by docking studies. The recruited compounds against both enzymes could be the best anti-enzymatic drugs and part of drugs discovery programs after further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Aziz ur Rehman
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Javed Iqbal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan
| | - Hira Khalid
- Department
of Chemistry, Forman Christian College University, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Rasool
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shafi Ullah Khan
- Product
and Process Innovation Department, Qarshi
Brands Pvt. Ltd, Hattar
Industrial Estate Haripur 22610, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Fatiqa Zafar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan
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9
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Bharath kumar M, Hariprasad V, Joshi SD, Jayaprakash GK, L. P, Pani AS, Babu DD, Naik P. Bis(azolyl)pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxamide Derivatives: Synthesis, Bioassay Analysis and Molecular Docking Studies. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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10
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Karthick K, Swarnalatha K. Pyridine Derivatives as Potential Inhibitors for Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2: A Molecular Docking Study. Bioinform Biol Insights 2023; 17:11779322221146651. [PMID: 37038549 PMCID: PMC10076986 DOI: 10.1177/11779322221146651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, a causative agent for the global epidemic disease COVID-19, which has a highest modality rate. Several initiatives have been undertaken to repurpose current antiviral medications and tested the classic pyridine derivatives (PyDev), which have showed substantial therapeutic potential against a variety of illnesses and also have several biological functions such as, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory. However, limited reports are available for the treatment of Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 using PyDev. Hence, the possibilities of the best-described PyDev molecules of powerful Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors have been attempted in this investigation. This study primarily focused on blocking four key targets of Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Terpyridine has shown the greatest inhibitory potential (with a binding energy of −8.8 kcal/mol) against all four coronavirus targets. This study results would pave the potential lead medication for Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaraj Karthick
- Photochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kalaiyar Swarnalatha
- Photochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
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11
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Zampieri D, Fortuna S, Romano M, De Logu A, Cabiddu G, Sanna A, Mamolo MG. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Computational Studies of New Hydrazide Derivatives Containing 1,3,4-Oxadiazole as Antitubercular Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315295. [PMID: 36499618 PMCID: PMC9735621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
To extend our screening for novel antimycobacterial molecules, we have designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated a library of 14 new hydrazide derivatives containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole core. A variety of mycobacterial strains, including some drug-resistant strains, were tested for antimycobacterial activity. Among the compounds tested, five showed high antimycobacterial activity (MIC values of 8 μg/mL) against M. tuberculosis H37Ra attenuated strain, and two derivatives were effective (MIC of 4 µg/mL) against pyrazinamide-resistant strains. Furthermore, the novel compounds were tested against the fungal C. albicans strain, showing no antimycotic activity, and thus demonstrating a good selectivity profile. Notably, they also exhibited low cytotoxicity against human SH-SY5Y cells. The molecular modeling carried out suggested a plausible mechanism of action towards the active site of the InhA enzyme, which confirmed our hypothesis. In conclusion, the active compounds were predicted in silico for ADME properties, and all proved to be potentially orally absorbed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Zampieri
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-040-5583677
| | - Sara Fortuna
- Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Via E. Melen 83, 16152 Genova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Romano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 28/1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Logu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Cabiddu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Adriana Sanna
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Mamolo
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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12
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Tiwari D, Narang R, Sudhakar K, Singh V, Lal S, Devgun M. 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 100:1086-1121. [PMID: 35676800 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Due to the emergence of drug-resistant microbial strains, different research groups are continuously developing novel drug molecules against already exploited and unexploited targets. 1,3,4-Oxadiazole derivatives exhibited noteworthy antimicrobial activities. The presence of 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety in antimicrobial agents can modify their polarity and flexibility, which significantly improves biological activities due to various bonded and non-bonded interactions viz. hydrogen bond, steric, electrostatic, and hydrophobic with target sites. The present review elaborates the therapeutic targets and mode of interaction of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles as antimicrobial agents. 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives target enoyl reductase (InhA), 14α-demethylase in the mycobacterial cell; GlcN-6-P synthase, thymidylate synthase, peptide deformylase, RNA polymerase, dehydrosqualene synthase in bacterial strains; ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, P450-14α demethylase, protein-N-myristoyltransferase in fungal strains; FtsZ protein, interfere with purine and functional protein synthesis in plant bacteria. The present review also summarizes the effect of different moieties and functional groups on the antimicrobial activity of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Tiwari
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Rakesh Narang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Kalvatala Sudhakar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Vikramjeet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Sukhbir Lal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Manish Devgun
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
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Upadhyay R, Khalifa Z, Patel AB. Indole Fused Benzimidazole Hybrids: A Promising Combination to Fulfill Pharmacological Significance. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2140171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Upadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Government College, Daman (Affiliated to Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat), Daman, India
| | - Zebabanu Khalifa
- Department of Chemistry, Government College, Daman (Affiliated to Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat), Daman, India
| | - Amit B. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Government College, Daman (Affiliated to Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat), Daman, India
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14
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Sena KXFR, Mendes RFV, Bôtelho EX, Araújo-Melo RO, Silva CJA, Costa Júnior HNP, Amorim-Carmo B, Damasceno IZ, Fernandes-Pedrosa MF, Aguiar JS, Silva TG, Lima GMS, Albuquerque JFC, Ximenes RM. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of thiazolidine-2,4-dione and 4-thioxo-thiazolidin-2-one derivatives against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:3558-3572. [PMID: 36000385 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Antimicrobial resistance is one of the highest priorities in global public health with Staphylococcus aureus among the most important microorganisms due to its rapidly evolving antimicrobial resistance. Despite all the efforts of antimicrobial stewardship, research and development of new antimicrobials are still imperative. The thiazolidine ring is considered a privileged structure for the development of new antimicrobials. This study aimed to compare the antibacterial effects of two analog series of thiazolidine-2,4-dione and 4-thioxo-thiazolidin-2-one against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. METHODS AND RESULTS The derivatives 1a, 2a, and 2b exhibited MIC between 1-32 μg.mL-1 , with time-to-kill curves showing a bactericidal effect up to 24 h. In the antibiofilm assay, the most active derivatives were able to inhibit about 90% of biofilm formation. The 4-thioxo-thiazolidine-2-one derivatives were more active against planktonic cells, while the thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives were able to disrupt about 50% of the preformed biofilm. In the in vivo infection model using Caenorhabditis elegans as a host, the derivatives 1a, 2a, and 2b increased nematode survival with a concentration-dependent effect. Exposure of S. aureus to the derivatives 2a and 2b induced surface changes and decrease cell size. None of the derivatives was cytotoxic for human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) but showed moderate cytotoxicity for L929 fibroblasts. CONCLUSION The 5-(3,4-dichlorobenzylidene)-4-thioxothiazolidin-2-one (2b) was the most active derivative against S. aureus and showed the higher selective indexes. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY 4-thioxo-thiazolidin-2-one are a promising scaffold for the research and development of new antimicrobial drugs against multidrug-resistant S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kêsia X F R Sena
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Raudiney F V Mendes
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Evillyn X Bôtelho
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Camila J A Silva
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Amorim-Carmo
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Igor Z Damasceno
- Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Jaciana S Aguiar
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Teresinha G Silva
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Gláucia M S Lima
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael M Ximenes
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Sepehrmansourie H, Zarei M, Zolfigol MA, Babaee S, Azizian S, Rostamnia S. Catalytic synthesis of new pyrazolo [3,4-b] pyridine via a cooperative vinylogous anomeric-based oxidation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14145. [PMID: 35986040 PMCID: PMC9391453 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17879-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel nano-magnetic metal-organic frameworks based on Fe3O4 namely Fe3O4@MIL-101(Cr)-N(CH2PO3)2 was synthesized and fully characterized. The prepared sample was used as catalyst in the synthesis of pyrazolo [3,4-b] pyridines as convenient medicine by condensation reaction of aldehydes, 5-(1H-Indol-3-yl)- 2H-pyrazol-3-ylamine and 3-(cyanoacetyl)indole via a CVABO. The products were obtained with high yields at 100 °C and under solvent-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Sepehrmansourie
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 6517838683, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Zarei
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 6517838683, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Zolfigol
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 6517838683, Iran.
| | - Saeed Babaee
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 6517838683, Iran
| | - Saeid Azizian
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 6517838683, Iran
| | - Sadegh Rostamnia
- Organic and Nano Group (ONG), Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), PO Box 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Bajad NG, Singh SK, Singh SK, Singh TD, Singh M. Indole: A promising scaffold for the discovery and development of potential anti-tubercular agents. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 3:100119. [PMID: 35992375 PMCID: PMC9389259 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Indole-containing small molecules have been reported to have diverse pharmacological activities. The aromatic heterocyclic scaffold, which resembles various protein structures, has received attention from organic and medicinal chemists. Exploration of indole derivatives in drug discovery has rapidly yielded a vast array of biologically active compounds with broad therapeutic potential. Nature is the major source of indole scaffolds, but various classical and advanced synthesis methods for indoles have also been reported. One-pot synthesis is widely considered an efficient approach in synthetic organic chemistry and has been used to synthesize some indole compounds. The rapid emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis is a major challenge to be addressed. Identifying novel targets and drug candidates for tuberculosis is therefore crucial. Researchers have extensively explored indole derivatives as potential anti-tubercular agents or drugs. Indole scaffolds containing the novel non-covalent (decaprenylphosphoryl-β-D-ribose2'-epimerase) DprE1 inhibitor 1,4-azaindole is currently in clinical trials to treat Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In addition, DG167 indazole sulfonamide with potent anti-tubercular activity is undergoing early-stage development in preclinical studies. Indole bearing cationic amphiphiles with high chemical diversity have been reported to depolarize and disrupt the mycobacterial membrane. Some indole-based compounds have potential inhibitory activities against distinct anti-tubercular targets, including the inhibition of cell wall synthesis, replication, transcription, and translation, as summarized in the graphical abstract. The success of computer-aided drug design in the fields of cancer and anti-viral drugs has accelerated in silico studies in antibacterial drug development. This review describes the sources of indole scaffolds, the potential for novel indole derivatives to serve as anti-tubercular agents, in silico findings, and proposed actions to facilitate the design of novel compounds with anti-tubercular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Gajanan Bajad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Tryambak Deo Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Meenakshi Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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17
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Lagu SB, Yejella RP, Nissankararao S, Bhandare RR, Golla VS, Subrahmanya Lokesh BV, Rahman MM, Shaik AB. Antitubercular activity assessment of fluorinated chalcones, 2-aminopyridine-3-carbonitrile and 2-amino-4H-pyran-3-carbonitrile derivatives: In vitro, molecular docking and in-silico drug likeliness studies. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265068. [PMID: 35709194 PMCID: PMC9202851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of newer previously synthesized fluorinated chalcones and their 2-amino-pyridine-3-carbonitrile and 2-amino-4H-pyran-3-carbonitrile derivatives were screened for their in vitro antitubercular activity and in silico methods. Compound 40 (MIC~ 8 μM) was the most potent among all 60 compounds, whose potency is comparable with broad spectrum antibiotics like ciprofloxacin and streptomycin and three times more potent than pyrazinamide. Additionally, compound 40 was also less selective and hence non-toxic towards the human live cell lines-LO2 in its MTT assay. Compounds 30, 27, 50, 41, 51, and 60 have exhibited streptomycin like activity (MIC~16–18 μM). Fluorinated chalcones, pyridine and pyran derivatives were found to occupy prime position in thymidylate kinase enzymatic pockets in molecular docking studies. The molecule 40 being most potent had shown a binding energy of -9.67 Kcal/mol, while docking against thymidylate kinase, which was compared with its in vitro MIC value (~8 μM). These findings suggest that 2-aminopyridine-3-carbonitrile and 2-amino-4H-pyran-3-carbonitrile derivatives are prospective lead molecules for the development of novel antitubercular drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Babu Lagu
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Adikavi Nannaya University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Adikavi Nannaya University, Tadepalligudem, Andhra Pradesh, India
- * E-mail: (ABS); (RRB); (SBL)
| | - Rajendra Prasad Yejella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Richie R. Bhandare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- * E-mail: (ABS); (RRB); (SBL)
| | - Venu Sampath Golla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - M. Mukhlesur Rahman
- Medicines Research Group, School of Health, Sports and Bioscience, University of East London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Afzal Basha Shaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vignan Pharmacy College, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh, India
- * E-mail: (ABS); (RRB); (SBL)
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18
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Desai N, Monapara J, Jethawa A, Khedkar V, Shingate B. Oxadiazole: A highly versatile scaffold in drug discovery. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200123. [PMID: 35575467 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As a pharmacologically important heterocycle, oxadiazole paved the way to combat the problem associated with the confluence of many commercially available drugs with different pharmacological profiles. The present review focuses on the potential applications of five-membered heterocyclic oxadiazole derivatives, especially 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole, and 1,3,4-oxadiazole, as therapeutic agents. Designing new hybrid molecules containing the oxadiazole moiety is a better solution for the development of new drug molecules. The designed molecules may accumulate a biological profile better than those of the drugs currently available on the market. The present review will guide the way for researchers in the field of medicinal chemistry to design new biologically active molecules based on the oxadiazole nucleus. Antitubercular, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, antibacterial, and anticancer activities of various oxadiazoles have been reviewed extensively here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisheeth Desai
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Jahnvi Monapara
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Aratiba Jethawa
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Vijay Khedkar
- School of Pharmacy, Vishwakarma University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bapurao Shingate
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
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19
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Atmaram UA, Roopan SM. Biological activity of oxadiazole and thiadiazole derivatives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3489-3505. [PMID: 35562490 PMCID: PMC9106569 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11969-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The 5-membered oxadiazole and thiadiazole scaffolds are the most privileged and well-known heterocycles, being a common and essential feature of a variety of natural products and medicinal agents. These scaffolds take up the center position and are the core structural components of numerous drugs that belong to different categories. These include antimicrobial, anti-tubercular, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiepileptic, antiviral, and anticancer agents. In this review, we mostly talk about the isomers 1,2,4-oxadiazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazole because they have important pharmacological properties. This is partly because they are chemical and heat resistant, unlike other isomers, and they can be used as bio-isosteric replacements in drug design. We are reviewing the structural modifications of different oxadiazole and thiadiazole derivatives, more specifically, the anti-tubercular and anticancer pharmacological activities reported over the last 5 years, as we have undertaken this as a core area of research. This review article desires to do a thorough study and analysis of the recent progress made in the important biological isomers 1,2,4-oxadiazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazol. This will be a great place to start for future research. Key points • Five-membered heterocyclic compound chemistry and biological activity recent survey. • Synthesis and pharmacological evolution of 1,2,4-oxadiazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazole are discussed in detail. • The value and significance of heterocyclic compounds in the field of drug designing are highlighted. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-022-11969-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upare Abhay Atmaram
- Chemistry of Heterocycles & Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Mohana Roopan
- Chemistry of Heterocycles & Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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20
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Saadon KE, Taha NMH, Mahmoud NA, Elhagali GAM, Ragab A. Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro antibacterial activity of some new pyridinone and pyrazole derivatives with some in silico ADME and molecular modeling study. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-022-02575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA new series of pyridine-2-one and pyrazole derivatives were designed and synthesized based on cyanoacrylamide derivatives containing 2,4-dichlro aniline and 6-methyl 2-amino pyridine as an aryl group. Condensation of cyanoacrylamide derivatives 3a–d with different active methylene (malononitrile, ethyl cyanoacetate cyanoacetamide, and ethyl acetoacetate) in the presence of piperidine as basic catalyst afforded the corresponding pyridinone derivatives 4a–c, 5, 9, and 13. Furthermore, the reaction of cyanoacrylamide derivatives 3a–d with bi-nucleophile as hydrazine hydrate and thiosemicarbazide afforded the corresponding pyrazole derivatives 14a,b and 16. The newly designed derivatives were confirmed and established based on the elemental analysis and spectra data (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass). The in vitro antibacterial activity was evaluated against four bacterial strains with weak to good antibacterial activity. Moreover, the results indicated that the most active derivatives 3a, 4a, 4b, 9, and 16 might lead to antibacterial agents, especially against B. subtilis and P. vulgaris. The DFT calculations were performed to estimate its geometric structure and electronic properties. In addition, the most active pyridinone and pyrazole derivatives were further evaluated for in silico physicochemical, drug-likeness, and toxicity prediction. These derivatives obeyed all Lipinski’s and Veber’s rules without any violation and displayed non-immunotoxin, non-mutagenic, and non-cytotoxic. Molecular docking simulation was performed inside the active site of Topoisomerase IV (PDB:3FV5). It displayed binding energy ranging from -14.97 kcal/mol to -18.86 kcal/mol with hydrogen bonding and arene–cation interaction. Therefore, these derivatives were suggested to be good antibacterial agents via topoisomerase IV inhibitor.
Graphical abstract
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21
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Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of 2-Methyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylate Derivatives via Pd-Catalyzed Heterocyclization. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14030435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Indole moiety is well-known as a superlative framework in many natural products and synthetic pharmaceuticals. Herein, we report an efficient procedure to synthesize a series of functionalized 2-methyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylate derivatives from commercially available anilines properly functionalized by different electron-withdrawing and -donating groups through a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative coupling. The conversion of a variety of enamines into the relevant indole was optimized by exposing the neat mixture of reactants to microwave irradiation, obtaining the desired products in excellent yields and high regioselectivity. The synthesized compounds were confirmed by 1H and 13C spectroscopic means as well as by high-resolution mass spectrometry.
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22
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Shingare R, Patil Y, Sangshetti J, Patil R, Rajani D, Madje B. Docking Stimulations and Primary Assessment of Newly Synthesized Benzene Sulfonamide Pyrazole Oxadiazole Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial and Antitubercular Agents. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2036771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yogesh Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Rajesh Patil
- Sinhgad Technical Education Society’s, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
| | - Dhanji Rajani
- Microcare Laboratory and Tuberculosis Research Center, Surat, India
| | - Balaji Madje
- Department of Chemistry, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
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23
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Desai NC, Somani HC, Mehta HK, Jadeja DJ, Khasiya AG, Khedkar VM. Microwave-assisted organic synthesis, antimycobacterial activity, structure-activity relationship and molecular docking studies of some novel indole-oxadiazole hybrids. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 33:89-109. [PMID: 35102805 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2022.2032333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a severe threat to mankind because most drugs are ineffective in inhibiting tubercular strains. Due to the increase of MDR-TB, many first and second-line drugs are ineffective against tubercular strains. To combat the resistance of currently accessible drugs, structural changes must be made on a regular basis. Thus, in the search for new antimycobacterial drugs, a series of 1-(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-3(2H)-yl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ones (5a-o) have been developed, synthesized, characterized, and screened for antimycobacterial activity. The synthetic approach includes imine generation and cyclization using both conventional and microwave methods to create hybrid molecules with indole and oxadiazole motifs. The set of synthesized compounds have demonstrated some promising activity against tubercular strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ATCC 25177) and M. bovis (ATCC 35734). Compound 5l inhibited M. bovis strain 100% in 10 µg/mL concentration, while compound 5m inhibited M. tuberculosis strain 90.4% in 30 µg/mL concentration. Molecular docking study against mycobacterial enoyl reductase (InhA) could provide well-clustered solutions to the binding modes and affinity for these molecules as compound 5l showed glide score of -12.275 and glide energy of -54.937 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Desai
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, India
| | - H C Somani
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, India
| | - H K Mehta
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, India
| | - D J Jadeja
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, India
| | - A G Khasiya
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, India
| | - V M Khedkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Vishwakarma University, Pune, India
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Bhakhar KA, Sureja DK, Dhameliya TM. Synthetic account of indoles in search of potential anti-mycobacterial agents: A review and future insights. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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25
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Elshaier YA, Nemr MTM, Al Refaey M, Fadaly WAA, Barakat A. Chemistry of 2-Vinylindoles: Synthesis and Applications. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00460g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As a class of compounds, 2-vinylindoles have demonstrated a wide range of biological properties. Due to the general interest in these synthons, new divergent protocols of chemical synthesis have been...
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26
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Recent advancements and developments in search of anti-tuberculosis agents: A quinquennial update and future directions. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Irfan A, Imran M, Al-Sehemi AG, Shah AT, Hussien M, Mumtaz MW. Exploration of electronic properties, radical scavenging activity and QSAR of oxadiazole derivatives by molecular docking and first-principles approaches. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:7416-7421. [PMID: 34867045 PMCID: PMC8626296 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Eight new oxadiazole derivatives were designed then geometries for ground state were optimized through Density Functional Theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6-31G** level. Single electron transfer mechanism has been studied to understand the antioxidant ability of the oxadiazole derivatives. Then molecular electrostatic potential and quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) was probed. Additionally, we shed light on different molecular descriptors, e.g., electrophilicity(ω), electronegativity(χ), electrophilicity indices(ωi), hardness(η), softness(S) and chemical potential(μ).The smaller value of ionization potential for 5a is showing that it might be efficient antioxidant candidate. The electrophilic reactive sites in 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a and 7a derivatives might be a good choice for reactivity that would be advantageous to improve the biological activity. The polar surface area of 3a, 4a and 5a derivatives was found < 60 A2 which is enlightening that these drugs might be suitable as orally active and for brain penetration. First-principles calculations and molecular docking results revealed that 5a would lead to superior antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Tufail Shah
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Hussien
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.,Pesticide Formulation Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
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28
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Dogamanti A, Chiranjeevi P, Aamate VK, Vagolu SK, Sriram D, Balasubramanian S, Sarasija M. Indole-fused spirochromenes as potential anti-tubercular agents: design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation. Mol Divers 2021; 25:2137-2148. [PMID: 32474889 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10108-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
As part of an ongoing effort to develop new anti-tubercular agents, a series of novel indole-fused spirochromene hybrids (7a-l) were efficiently synthesized in excellent yields by the popular 'Fisher-Indole synthesis' approach. The structure elucidation of the target compounds was carried out by different spectral techniques including 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, ESI Mass, and FTIR analysis. Additionally, the proposed structure of 7i was proved by single-crystal X-ray analysis. These compounds (7a-l) were screened for in vitro anti-tubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) strain. The results showed that most of the targets exhibited promising antimycobacterial activity with MICs of 1.56-6.25 μg/mL and weak cytotoxicity (19.93-32.16% at 50 μg/mL). Among them, compound 7l was found to be the most active compound (MIC of 1.56 μg/mL) with a good safety profile (32.16% at 50 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Dogamanti
- Green and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500 007, India.
| | - Pamula Chiranjeevi
- Green and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500 007, India
| | - Vikas Kumar Aamate
- Green and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500 007, India
| | - Siva Krishna Vagolu
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500 078, India
| | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500 078, India
| | - Sridhar Balasubramanian
- X-Ray Crystallography Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Madderla Sarasija
- Department of Chemistry, Satavahana University, Karimnagar, Telangana State, 505001, India
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29
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Desai NC, Bhatt K, Monapara J, Pandit U, Khedkar VM. Conventional and Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, Antitubercular Activity, and Molecular Docking Studies of Pyrazole and Oxadiazole Hybrids. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:28270-28284. [PMID: 34723024 PMCID: PMC8552481 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted organic reaction enhancement (MORE) has become more important in synthetic organic chemistry for efficient resource utilization. In this study, we synthesized bioactive compounds using both traditional and microwave methods. Microwave-assisted synthesis takes less time and produces higher yields and quality than conventional approaches. We reported the synthesis of N'-(1-(2-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-3(2H)-yl)ethylidene) substituted hydrazides (4a-t). We also tested them against two strains: M. tuberculosis H37Ra and M. bovis BCG. Against M. tuberculosis H37Ra, the compounds 4e, 4h, 4k, 4p, and 4s were the most effective. Compounds 4f, 4g, and 4s showed significant activity against M. bovis BCG. The structures of newly synthesized molecules were determined using spectral methods. Furthermore, molecular docking investigations into the active site of mycobacterial InhA yielded well-clustered solutions for these compounds' binding modalities producing a binding affinity in the range of -10.366 to -8.037. Theoretical results were in good accord with the observed experimental values. The docking score of compound 4e was -10.366, and the Glide energy was -66.459 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisheeth C. Desai
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India
| | - Kandarp Bhatt
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India
| | - Jahnvi Monapara
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India
| | - Unnat Pandit
- Special
Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal
Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Vijay M. Khedkar
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Vishwakarma University, Pune, Maharashtra 411048, India
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30
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Ling Y, Hao ZY, Liang D, Zhang CL, Liu YF, Wang Y. The Expanding Role of Pyridine and Dihydropyridine Scaffolds in Drug Design. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:4289-4338. [PMID: 34675489 PMCID: PMC8520849 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s329547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyridine-based ring systems are one of the most extensively used heterocycles in the field of drug design, primarily due to their profound effect on pharmacological activity, which has led to the discovery of numerous broad-spectrum therapeutic agents. In the US FDA database, there are 95 approved pharmaceuticals that stem from pyridine or dihydropyridine, including isoniazid and ethionamide (tuberculosis), delavirdine (HIV/AIDS), abiraterone acetate (prostate cancer), tacrine (Alzheimer's), ciclopirox (ringworm and athlete's foot), crizotinib (cancer), nifedipine (Raynaud's syndrome and premature birth), piroxicam (NSAID for arthritis), nilvadipine (hypertension), roflumilast (COPD), pyridostigmine (myasthenia gravis), and many more. Their remarkable therapeutic applications have encouraged researchers to prepare a larger number of biologically active compounds decorated with pyridine or dihydropyridine, expandeing the scope of finding a cure for other ailments. It is thus anticipated that myriad new pharmaceuticals containing the two heterocycles will be available in the forthcoming decade. This review examines the prospects of highly potent bioactive molecules to emphasize the advantages of using pyridine and dihydropyridine in drug design. We cover the most recent developments from 2010 to date, highlighting the ever-expanding role of both scaffolds in the field of medicinal chemistry and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ling
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-You Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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31
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Glomb T, Świątek P. Antimicrobial Activity of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6979. [PMID: 34209520 PMCID: PMC8268636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide development of antimicrobial resistance forces scientists to search for new compounds to which microbes would be sensitive. Many new structures contain the 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring, which have shown various antimicrobial activity, e.g., antibacterial, antitubercular, antifungal, antiprotozoal and antiviral. In many publications, the activity of new compounds exceeds the activity of already known antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents, so their potential as new drugs is very promising. The review of active antimicrobial 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives is based on the literature from 2015 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Świątek
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
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32
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Al-Wahaibi LH, Mohamed AAB, Tawfik SS, Hassan HM, El-Emam AA. 1,3,4-Oxadiazole N-Mannich Bases: Synthesis, Antimicrobial, and Anti-Proliferative Activities. Molecules 2021; 26:2110. [PMID: 33916955 PMCID: PMC8067589 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction of 5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione 3 with formaldehyde solution and primary aromatic amines or 1-substituted piperazines, in ethanol at room temperature yielded the corresponding N-Mannich bases 3-arylaminomethyl-5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thiones 4a-l or 3-[(4-substituted piperazin-1-yl)methyl]-5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thiones 5a-d, respectively. The in vitro inhibitory activity of compounds 4a-l and 5a-d was assessed against pathogenic Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and the yeast-like pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. The piperazinomethyl derivatives 5c and 5d displayed broad-spectrum antibacterial activities the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) 0.5-8 μg/mL) and compounds 4j, 4l, 5a, and 5b showed potent activity against the tested Gram-positive bacteria. In addition, the anti-proliferative activity of the compounds was evaluated against prostate cancer (PC3), human colorectal cancer (HCT-116), human hepatocellular carcinoma (HePG-2), human epithelioid carcinoma (HeLa), and human breast cancer (MCF7) cell lines. The optimum anti-proliferative activity was attained by compounds 4l, 5a, 5c, and 5d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamya H. Al-Wahaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed A. B. Mohamed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Samar S. Tawfik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Hanan M. Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Costal Road, Gamasa City, Mansoura 11152, Egypt;
| | - Ali A. El-Emam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
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33
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Sharma A, De Rosa M, Singla N, Singh G, Barnwal RP, Pandey A. Tuberculosis: An Overview of the Immunogenic Response, Disease Progression, and Medicinal Chemistry Efforts in the Last Decade toward the Development of Potential Drugs for Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Strains. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4359-4395. [PMID: 33826327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a slow growing, potentially debilitating disease that has plagued humanity for centuries and has claimed numerous lives across the globe. Concerted efforts by researchers have culminated in the development of various strategies to combat this malady. This review aims to raise awareness of the rapidly increasing incidences of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis, highlighting the significant modifications that were introduced in the TB treatment regimen over the past decade. A description of the role of pathogen-host immune mechanisms together with strategies for prevention of the disease is discussed. The struggle to develop novel drug therapies has continued in an effort to reduce the treatment duration, improve patient compliance and outcomes, and circumvent TB resistance mechanisms. Herein, we give an overview of the extensive medicinal chemistry efforts made during the past decade toward the discovery of new chemotypes, which are potentially active against TB-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.,UIPS, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Maria De Rosa
- Drug Discovery Unit, Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Neha Singla
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Gurpal Singh
- UIPS, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ravi P Barnwal
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ankur Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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34
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Khan E. Pyridine Derivatives as Biologically Active Precursors; Organics and Selected Coordination Complexes. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ezzat Khan
- Department of Chemistry University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Lower Dir Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science University of Bahrain Sakhir 32038 Bahrain
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35
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Atukuri D, Gunjal R, Holagundi N, Korlahalli B, Gangannavar S, Akkasali K. Contribution of N-heterocycles towards anti-tubercular drug discovery (2014-2019); predicted and reengineered molecular frameworks. Drug Dev Res 2021; 82:767-783. [PMID: 33660325 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, responsible for high death frequency every year all over the world. In this regard, efficient drug-design and discovery towards the prevention of M.tb H37 Rv is of prime concern. Prevention of the infection may include vaccination, and the treatment comprises anti-TB drug regimen. However, the vaccine decreases the risk of tuberculosis infection only to some extent, while drug-resistance limits the efficacy of the existing anti-TB agents. Much improvement has to be achieved to overcome pitfalls such as side effects, high-toxicity, low bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and hence forth in clinical therapeutics. Amongst heterocyclic compounds, N-heterocycles played a pivotal role in drug-design and discovery. A wide range of microbial diseases are being treated by the N-heterocyclic drugs. The present review comprises description of anti-TB effects of the N-heterocycles such as indoles, triazoles, thiazoles, and pyrazoles. The potent anti-TB activity exerted by the derivatives of these heterocycles is evaluated critically alongside emphasizing structure-activity relationship. Besides, docking studies supporting anti-TB activity is supplemented. Alongside this, based on the potent heterocyclic molecules, the molecular frameworks are designed that would bring about enhanced M. tb H37 Rv inhibitory potencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorababu Atukuri
- Department of Chemistry, SRMPP Govt. First Grade College, Huvinahadagali, India
| | - Rutu Gunjal
- Department of Chemistry, SRMPP Govt. First Grade College, Huvinahadagali, India
| | - Nagaraj Holagundi
- Department of Chemistry, SRMPP Govt. First Grade College, Huvinahadagali, India
| | | | | | - Kirankumar Akkasali
- Department of Chemistry, SRMPP Govt. First Grade College, Huvinahadagali, India
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36
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Semenyuta IV, Trush MM, Kovalishyn VV, Rogalsky SP, Hodyna DM, Karpov P, Xia Z, Tetko IV, Metelytsia LO. Structure-Activity Relationship Modeling and Experimental Validation of the Imidazolium and Pyridinium Based Ionic Liquids as Potential Antibacterials of MDR Acinetobacter Baumannii and Staphylococcus Aureus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020563. [PMID: 33429999 PMCID: PMC7827895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Online Chemical Modeling Environment (OCHEM) was used for QSAR analysis of a set of ionic liquids (ILs) tested against multi-drug resistant (MDR) clinical isolate Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus strains. The predictive accuracy of regression models has coefficient of determination q2 = 0.66 - 0.79 with cross-validation and independent test sets. The models were used to screen a virtual chemical library of ILs, which was designed with targeted activity against MDR Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus strains. Seven most promising ILs were selected, synthesized, and tested. Three ILs showed high activity against both these MDR clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V. Semenyuta
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 1 Murmanska Street, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine; (I.V.S.); (M.M.T.); (V.V.K.); (S.P.R.); (D.M.H.); (L.O.M.)
| | - Maria M. Trush
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 1 Murmanska Street, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine; (I.V.S.); (M.M.T.); (V.V.K.); (S.P.R.); (D.M.H.); (L.O.M.)
| | - Vasyl V. Kovalishyn
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 1 Murmanska Street, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine; (I.V.S.); (M.M.T.); (V.V.K.); (S.P.R.); (D.M.H.); (L.O.M.)
| | - Sergiy P. Rogalsky
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 1 Murmanska Street, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine; (I.V.S.); (M.M.T.); (V.V.K.); (S.P.R.); (D.M.H.); (L.O.M.)
| | - Diana M. Hodyna
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 1 Murmanska Street, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine; (I.V.S.); (M.M.T.); (V.V.K.); (S.P.R.); (D.M.H.); (L.O.M.)
| | - Pavel Karpov
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (P.K.); (Z.X.)
| | - Zhonghua Xia
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (P.K.); (Z.X.)
| | - Igor V. Tetko
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (P.K.); (Z.X.)
- BIGCHEM GmbH, Unterschleißheim, Valerystr. 49, D-85716 Neuherberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-3187-3575
| | - Larisa O. Metelytsia
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 1 Murmanska Street, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine; (I.V.S.); (M.M.T.); (V.V.K.); (S.P.R.); (D.M.H.); (L.O.M.)
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37
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Karabelyov V, Kondeva-Burdina M, Angelova VT. Synthetic approaches to unsymmetrical 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and their MAO-B inhibitory activity. A review. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 29:115888. [PMID: 33360082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Selective monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) inhibitors are currently used as coadjuvants for treating early motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Aiming at the elucidation of MAO-B inhibitors with 1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffolds, we make a comprehensive update on the new and old chemical methods employed for the synthesis of the unsymmetrical oxadiazole derivatives that lead to high yield compounds. We summarize a state of the selective MAO-B inhibitors with oxadiazole scaffold, describing the results, structures, structure-activity relationships (SARs) and medicinal chemistry strategies over the years. The analysis of the recent papers would facilitate tracking the increasing number of oxadiazole derivatives as new chemical spaces with MAO-B inhibitory potential designed to ensure the safe use of the compounds and elimination of the unwanted drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Karabelyov
- Laboratory "Drug metabolism and drug toxicity", Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Magdalena Kondeva-Burdina
- Laboratory "Drug metabolism and drug toxicity", Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Violina T Angelova
- Laboratory "Drug metabolism and drug toxicity", Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria.
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38
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Kumar S, Ritika. A brief review of the biological potential of indole derivatives. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Various bioactive aromatic compounds containing the indole nucleus showed clinical and biological applications. Indole scaffold has been found in many of the important synthetic drug molecules which gave a valuable idea for treatment and binds with high affinity to the multiple receptors helpful in developing new useful derivatives.
Main text
Indole derivatives possess various biological activities, i.e., antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-HIV, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitubercular, antidiabetic, antimalarial, anticholinesterase activities, etc. which created interest among researchers to synthesize a variety of indole derivatives.
Conclusion
From the literature, it is revealed that indole derivatives have diverse biological activities and also have an immeasurable potential to be explored for newer therapeutic possibilities.
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39
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Verma SK, Verma R, Verma S, Vaishnav Y, Tiwari SP, Rakesh KP. Anti-tuberculosis activity and its structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of oxadiazole derivatives: A key review. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112886. [PMID: 33032083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing number of cases of inactive and drug-resistance tuberculosis, there is an urgent need to develop new potent molecules set for fighting this brutal disease. Medicinal chemistry concerns the discovery, the development, the identification, and the interpretation of the mode of action of biologically active compounds at the molecular level. Molecules bearing oxadiazoles are one such class that could be considered to satisfy this need. Oxadiazole regioisomers have been investigated in drug discovery programs for their capacity to go about as powerful linkers and as pharmacophoric highlights. Oxadiazoles can go about as bioisosteric substitutions for the hydrazide moiety which can be found in first-line anti-TB drugs, and some have been likewise answered to cooperate with more current anti-TB targets. This present review summarizes the current innovations of oxadiazole-based derivatives with potential antituberculosis activity and bacteria discussing various aspects of structure-activity relationship (SAR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Verma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin, 719000, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, Yulin University, Yulin, 719000, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Rameshwari Verma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin, 719000, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, Yulin University, Yulin, 719000, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Shekhar Verma
- University College of Pharmacy Raipur, Pt. Deendayal Upadhyay Memorial Health, Sciences and Aayush University of Chhattisgarh, Raipur, 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Yogesh Vaishnav
- Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus, Shri Shankaracharya Group of Institutions, Bhilai, 491001, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - S P Tiwari
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - K P Rakesh
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, PR China.
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Phatak PS, Bakale RD, Kulkarni RS, Dhumal ST, Dixit PP, Krishna VS, Sriram D, Khedkar VM, Haval KP. Design and synthesis of new indanol-1,2,3-triazole derivatives as potent antitubercular and antimicrobial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127579. [PMID: 32987135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In a search of new antitubercular agents, herein we have reported a series of new thirty-two indanol-1,2,3-triazole derivatives. The synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro antitubercular and antimicrobial activities. Among the screened compounds, most of the compounds have displayed good antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. The compound 5g has been identified as potent antitubercular agent with MIC value 1.56 µM. The most active compounds of the series were further studied for their cytotoxicity against HEK 293 cells using MTT assay and found to be nontoxic. In addition, ten compounds were shown good antimicrobial activities against both antibacterial and antifungal pathogens. A molecular docking study against Mycobacterial enoyl-ACP-reductase (InhA) was performed to gain an insight into the molecular mechanism of antitubercular action. The pharmacokinetic parameters of these compounds were studied and displayed acceptable drug-likeness score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod S Phatak
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University SubCampus, Osmanabad 413 501, MS, India
| | - Rajubai D Bakale
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University SubCampus, Osmanabad 413 501, MS, India
| | - Ravibhushan S Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University SubCampus, Osmanabad 413 501, MS, India
| | - Sambhaji T Dhumal
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad 431 004, MS, India
| | - Prashant P Dixit
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University SubCampus, Osmanabad 413 501, MS, India
| | - Vagolu Siva Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal, R. R. District, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal, R. R. District, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Vijay M Khedkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Vishwakarma University, Pune 411 048, MS, India
| | - Kishan P Haval
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University SubCampus, Osmanabad 413 501, MS, India.
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Song F, Li Z, Bian Y, Huo X, Fang J, Shao L, Zhou M. Indole/isatin-containing hybrids as potential antibacterial agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e2000143. [PMID: 32667714 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The emergence and worldwide spread of drug-resistant bacteria have already posed a serious threat to human life, creating the urgent need to develop potent and novel antibacterial drug candidates with high efficacy. Indole and isatin (indole-2,3-dione) present a wide structural and mechanistic diversity, so their derivatives possess various pharmacological properties and occupy a salient place in the development of new drugs. Indole/isatin-containing hybrids, which demonstrate a promising activity against a panel of clinically important Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, are privileged scaffolds for the discovery of novel antibacterial candidates. This review, covering articles published between January 2015 and May 2020, focuses on the development and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of indole/isatin-containing hybrids with potential application for fighting bacterial infections, to facilitate further rational design of novel drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong, China.,School of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenghua Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong, China
| | - Yunqiang Bian
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong, China
| | - Xiankai Huo
- Department of Medical Imaging, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong, China
| | - Junman Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong, China
| | - Linlin Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong, China
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Dorababu A. Pharmacology Profile of Recently Developed Multi‐Functional Azoles; SAR‐Based Predictive Structural Modification. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atukuri Dorababu
- Department of Studies in ChemistrySRMPP Govt. First Grade College Huvinahadagali 583219, Karnataka India
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Mishra AK, Kumar A, Sahu JK. Recent Advancements in Biological Activities of Oxadiazole and their Derivatives: A Review. LETT ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178617666191220115426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxadiazole moiety, which is one of the heterocyclic aromatic groups of the azole family;
with the molecular formula C2H2N2O, exists in four isomeric form; out of which, 1,2,4-oxadiazole;
1,2,5-oxadiazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole are common isomers. The stable isomeric forms of oxadiazoles
are observed in a variety of pharmaceutical important potent drugs including raltegravir, butalamine,
fasiplon, oxolamine and pleconaril. An attempt has been made to emphasize the chemistry and pharmacology
associated with oxadiazole and its derivatives. A number of oxadiazole derivatives are very
popular and common in use as potential therapeutic agents. However, a number of researchers are
working and have worked to find out more synthetic analogues for anticancer and antifungal, anti-HIV
agents using biological and in-silico models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Mishra
- Drug Design Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, IFTM University, Moradabad, 244001, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Drug Design Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, IFTM University, Moradabad, 244001, India
| | - Jagdish K. Sahu
- Kharvel Subharti College of Pharmacy, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut-250005, India
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Azizian H, Esmailnejad A, Fathi Vavsari V, Mahernia S, Amanlou M, Balalaie S. Pantoprazole Derivatives: Synthesis, Urease Inhibition Assay and In Silico Molecular Modeling Studies. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Homa Azizian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International CampusIran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Atefeh Esmailnejad
- Peptide Chemistry Research CenterK. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416 Tehran Iran
| | - Vaezeh Fathi Vavsari
- Peptide Chemistry Research CenterK. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416 Tehran Iran
| | - Shabnam Mahernia
- Drug Design and Development Research CenterThe Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- Drug Design and Development Research CenterThe Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- Peptide Chemistry Research CenterK. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416 Tehran Iran
- Medical Biology Research CenterKermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
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de Ávila MB, Bitencourt-Ferreira G, de Azevedo WF. Structural Basis for Inhibition of Enoyl-[Acyl Carrier Protein] Reductase (InhA) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:745-759. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666181203125229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background::
The enzyme trans-enoyl-[acyl carrier protein] reductase (InhA) is a central
protein for the development of antitubercular drugs. This enzyme is the target for the pro-drug
isoniazid, which is catalyzed by the enzyme catalase-peroxidase (KatG) to become active.
Objective::
Our goal here is to review the studies on InhA, starting with general aspects and focusing on
the recent structural studies, with emphasis on the crystallographic structures of complexes involving
InhA and inhibitors.
Method::
We start with a literature review, and then we describe recent studies on InhA crystallographic
structures. We use this structural information to depict protein-ligand interactions. We also analyze the
structural basis for inhibition of InhA. Furthermore, we describe the application of computational
methods to predict binding affinity based on the crystallographic position of the ligands.
Results::
Analysis of the structures in complex with inhibitors revealed the critical residues responsible
for the specificity against InhA. Most of the intermolecular interactions involve the hydrophobic residues
with two exceptions, the residues Ser 94 and Tyr 158. Examination of the interactions has shown
that many of the key residues for inhibitor binding were found in mutations of the InhA gene in the
isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Computational prediction of the binding affinity for
InhA has indicated a moderate uphill relationship with experimental values.
Conclusion::
Analysis of the structures involving InhA inhibitors shows that small modifications on
these molecules could modulate their inhibition, which may be used to design novel antitubercular
drugs specific for multidrug-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Boff de Ávila
- Laboratory of Computational Systems Biology, School of Sciences - Pontifical Catholic University of Rio, Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre-RS 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Bitencourt-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Computational Systems Biology, School of Sciences - Pontifical Catholic University of Rio, Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre-RS 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Walter Filgueira de Azevedo
- Laboratory of Computational Systems Biology, School of Sciences - Pontifical Catholic University of Rio, Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre-RS 90619-900, Brazil
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Zhao W, Wang B, Liu Y, Fu L, Sheng L, Zhao H, Lu Y, Zhang D. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 4H-chromen-4-one derivatives as antituberculosis agents against multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 189:112075. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bingul M, Saglam MF, Kandemir H, Boga M, Sengul IF. Synthesis of indole-2-carbohydrazides and 2-(indol-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles as antioxidants and their acetylcholinesterase inhibition properties. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-02462-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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An insight into the medicinal perspective of synthetic analogs of indole: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:562-612. [PMID: 31344615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Heterocycles occupy a salient place in chemistry due to their wide range of activity in the fields of drug design, photochemistry, agrochemicals, dyes, and so on. Amongst all, indole scaffold is considered as one of the most promising heterocycles found in natural and synthetic sources and has been shown to possess various biological activity, including anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, antitubercular, antimalarial, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, analgesics, antidepressant, anticancer, antioxidant, antifungal, and antimicrobial, etc. All the reported indole molecules bind to multiple receptors with high affinity, thus expedite the research on the development of novel biologically active compounds through the various approach. In this review, we aimed to highlight synthetic and medicinal perspective on the development of indole-based analogs. In addition, structural activity relationship (SAR) study to correlate for their biological activity also discussed.
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De SS, Khambete MP, Degani MS. Oxadiazole scaffolds in anti-tuberculosis drug discovery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1999-2007. [PMID: 31296357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing number of cases of latent and drug resistant tuberculosis, there is an urgent need to develop new, potent molecules capable of combating this deadly disease. Molecules containing oxadiazoles are one such class that could be considered to fulfil this need. Oxadiazole regioisomers have been explored in drug discovery programs for their ability to act as effective linkers and also as pharmacophoric features. Oxadiazoles can act as bioisosteric replacements for the hydrazide moiety which can be found in first line anti-TB drugs, and some have been also reported to interact with newer anti-TB targets. In this context, the present review describes the potential of oxadiazoles as antituberculosis agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparna S De
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P Marg, Matunga (East), Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Mihir P Khambete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P Marg, Matunga (East), Mumbai 400019, India; SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Gate No. 1, Mithibai College Campus, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Mariam S Degani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P Marg, Matunga (East), Mumbai 400019, India.
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Synthesis and evaluation of some new 1,3,4-oxadiazoles bearing thiophene, thiazole, coumarin, pyridine and pyridazine derivatives as antiviral agents. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2019; 69:261-276. [PMID: 31259726 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2019-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to produce heterocyclic compounds based on 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives with potential antiviral activity, synthesis of compound 1 [2-(5-thioxo-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile] was performed through the reaction of cyanoacetic acid hydrazide with carbon disulfide in alcoholic potassium hydroxide. Compound 1 has an activating methylene group, so it was directed toward some specific reactions. Thus, aryldiazonium chlorides reacted with compound 1 affording hydrazono derivatives 2a-c. Also, aromatic aldehydes reacted with compound 1 to produce compounds 3a,b. Furthermore, cyclic ketones were subjected to the synthesis of fused thiophene derivatives 4a,b via reaction with compound 1 in the presence of elemental sulfur. In addition, 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative 1, when reacted with isothiocyanates, salicylaldehyde or 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, formed thiazole derivatives 5a,b, coumarin derivative 6 and alkenyl derivatives 7a,b resp. Compound 7b underwent cyclization to afford pyridine derivative 8. Arylhydrazono derivatives 9a,b were produced through the reaction of compound 7a with aryldiazonium chlorides. Products 9a,b underwent cyclization to produce pyridazine derivatives 10a,b. Finally, 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative 1 was directed toward reaction with hydrazine derivatives, bromoacetophenone and ethylchloroacetate affording compounds 11a,b, 12 and 13, resp. Fused thiophene derivatives 14a,b were produced via reaction of compounds 4a,b with a mixture of malononitrile and ethylorthoformate. Antiviral activity of the synthesized products showed that 5-(4-amino-3-ethyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydrothiazol-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione (5a) and 5-(4-amino-3-phenyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydrothiazol-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione (5b) acted as the most active agents against Feline herpes virus, Feline corona virus, Herpes simplex virus-1 and Herpes simplex virus-2, whereas compound 2-(5-(2-phenylhydrazono)-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile (11b) was the most effective against Vaccinia virus, Herpes simplex virus (TK-KOS-ACVr), Coxsackie virus B4 and Vesicular stomatitis virus.
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