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Chen Y, Duan M, Wang X, Xu J, Tian S, Xu X, Duan A, Mahal A, Zhu Y, Zhu Q. Synthesis and evaluation of pentacyclic triterpenoids conjugates as novel HBV entry inhibitors targeting NTCP receptor. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107385. [PMID: 38663255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) are the accepted main cause leading to liver cirrhosis, hepatic fibrosis, and hepatic carcinoma. Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), a specific membrane receptor of hepatocytes for triggering HBV infection, is a promising target against HBV entry. In this study, pentacyclic triterpenoids (PTs) including glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), oleanolic acid (OA), ursolic acid (UA) and betulinic acid (BA) were modified via molecular hybridization with podophyllotoxin respectively, and resulted in thirty-two novel conjugates. The anti-HBV activities of conjugates were evaluated in HepG2.2.15 cells. The results showed that 66% of the conjugates exhibited lower toxicity to the host cells and had significant inhibitory effects on the two HBV antigens, especially HBsAg. Notably, the compounds BA-PPT1, BA-PPT3, BA-PPT4, and UA-PPT3 not only inhibited the secretion of HBsAg but also suppressed HBV DNA replication. A significant difference in the binding of active conjugates to NTCP compared to the HBV PreS1 antigen was observed by SPR assays. The mechanism of action was found to be the competitive binding of these compounds to the NTCP 157-165 epitopes, blocking HBV entry into host cells. Molecular docking results indicated that BA-PPT3 interacted with the amino acid residues of the target protein mainly through π-cation, hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction, suggesting its potential as a promising HBV entry inhibitor targeting the NTCP receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Meitao Duan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiangwan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianling Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shuo Tian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaotian Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ao Duan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ahmed Mahal
- Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, College of Health Technology, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Yongyan Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Quanhong Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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2
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Yadav Y, Singh K, Sharma S, Mishra VK, Sagar R. Recent Efforts in Identification of Privileged Scaffolds as Antiviral Agents. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300921. [PMID: 37589569 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections are the most important health concern nowadays to mankind, which is unexpectedly increasing the health complications and fatality rate worldwide. The recent viral infection outbreak developed a pressing need for small molecules that can be quickly deployed for the control/treatment of re-emerging or new emerging viral infections. Numerous viruses, including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis, influenza, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and others, are still challenging due to emerging resistance to known drugs. Therefore, there is always a need to search for new antiviral small molecules that can combat viral infection with new modes of action. This review highlighted recent progress in developing new antiviral molecules based on natural product-inspired scaffolds. Herein, the structure-activity relationship of the FDA-approved drugs along with the molecular docking studies of selected compounds have been discussed against several target proteins. The findings of new small molecules as neuraminidase inhibitors, other than known drug scaffolds, Anti-HIV and SARS-CoV are incorporated in this review paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Yadav
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kavita Singh
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ram Sagar
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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3
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Identification of Darunavir Derivatives for Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416011. [PMID: 36555652 PMCID: PMC9781983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective antiviral agents that treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are urgently needed around the world. The 3C-like protease (3CLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 plays a pivotal role in virus replication; it also has become an important therapeutic target for the infection of SARS-CoV-2. In this work, we have identified Darunavir derivatives that inhibit the 3CLpro through a high-throughput screening method based on a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay in vitro. We found that the compounds 29# and 50# containing polyphenol and caffeine derivatives as the P2 ligand, respectively, exhibited favorable anti-3CLpro potency with EC50 values of 6.3 μM and 3.5 μM and were shown to bind to SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro in vitro. Moreover, we analyzed the binding mode of the DRV in the 3CLpro through molecular docking. Importantly, 29# and 50# exhibited a similar activity against the protease in Omicron variants. The inhibitory effect of compounds 29# and 50# on the SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro warrants that they are worth being the template to design functionally improved inhibitors for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Semenova MD, Popov SA, Sorokina IV, Meshkova YV, Baev DS, Tolstikova TG, Shults EE. Conjugates of Lupane Triterpenoids with Arylpyrimidines: Synthesis and Anti-inflammatory Activity. Steroids 2022; 184:109042. [PMID: 35580647 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Semisynthetic triterpenoid betulonic acid is of significant interest due to its biological activity and synthetic application. In this study, we report the synthesis of hybrid compounds, containing betulonic acid carboxamide and arylpyrimidine fragments. A total of 15 conjugates were prepared using the cyclocondensation reaction of new terpenoid alkynyl ketones with amidinium salts. The main synthetic approach to betulonic acid amide-derived alkynylketones was based on the cross-coupling reaction of N-(4-ethynylphenyl)- or N-(2-(4-ethynylphenyl)-1-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl)- substituted betulonic acid carboxamide with aroylchlorides. Cyclocondensation of alkynones with amidine or guanidine hydrochlorides by reflux in MeCN in the presence of K2CO3 led to the formation of terpenoid pyrimidine hybrids in 52-89% isolated yield. Anti-inflammatory properties of new type of triterpenoid-pyrimidine conjugates were studied using the histamine- and concanavalin A- induced mouse paw edema models. In a model of acute inflammation betulonic acid amide-arylpyrimidines containing a 4-fluorophenyl substituent at the C-6 position of pyrimidine ring exhibited significant and selective anti-inflammatory activity. Compounds containing the 4-bromophenyl- substituent in the pyrimidine ring revealed selective anti-inflammatory activity in the model of immunogenic inflammation (concanavalin-A model). It should be noted that the methoxycarbonyl substituted ethane link between pharmacophore ligands (betulonic acid carboxamide and arylpyrimidine) has a significant effect on anti-inflammatory activity in both in vivo models of inflammation. It was shown by molecular docking that the new derivatives are incorporated into the binding site of the protein Keap1 Kelch-domain by their pyrimidine substituent with the formation of more non-covalent bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Semenova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Lavrent'ev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey A Popov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Lavrent'ev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Irina V Sorokina
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Lavrent'ev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia V Meshkova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Lavrent'ev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry S Baev
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Lavrent'ev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana G Tolstikova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Lavrent'ev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Elvira E Shults
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Lavrent'ev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Allobetulon/Allobetulin-Nucleoside Conjugates as AntitumorAgents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154738. [PMID: 35897914 PMCID: PMC9329720 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Allobetulin is structurally similar tobetulinic acid, inducing the apoptosis of cancer cells with low toxicity. However, both of them exhibited weak antiproliferation against several tumor cell lines. Therefore, the new series of allobetulon/allobetulin–nucleoside conjugates 9a–10i were designed and synthesized for potency improvement. Compounds 9b, 9e, 10a, and 10d showed promising antiproliferative activity toward six tested cell lines, compared to zidovudine, cisplatin, and oxaliplatin based on their antitumor activity results. Among them, compound 10d exhibited much more potent antiproliferative activity against SMMC-7721, HepG2, MNK-45, SW620, and A549 human cancer cell lines than cisplatin and oxaliplatin. In the preliminary study for the mechanism of action, compound 10d induced cell apoptosis and autophagy in SMMC cells, resulting in antiproliferation and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by regulating protein expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, and LC3. Consequently, the nucleoside-conjugated allobetulin (10d) evidenced that nucleoside substitution was a viable strategy to improve allobetulin/allobetulon’s antitumor activity based on our present study.
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3′-[4-({[3β,28-Bis(acetyloxy)lup-20(29)-en-30-yl]oxy}carbonyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]-3′-deoxythymidine. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction of the azidothymidine (AZT) with the 30-propynoylated derivative of 3,28-O,O′-diacetylbetulin gave a 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole. The chemical structure of new derivative was characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HR-MS. The triterpene-AZT conjugate was tested against a human cancer cell lines such as glioblastoma (SNB-19), amelanotic melanoma (C-32), ovarian adenocarcinoma (SKOV-3) and breast cancer (T47D, and MCF-7). 3′-[4-({[3β,28-Bis(acetyloxy)lup-20(29)-en-30-yl]oxy}carbonyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]-3′-deoxythymidine shown significant activity against MCF-7 cells, with an IC50 value of 4.37 µM.
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7
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Popović-Djordjević J, Quispe C, Giordo R, Kostić A, Katanić Stanković JS, Tsouh Fokou PV, Carbone K, Martorell M, Kumar M, Pintus G, Sharifi-Rad J, Docea AO, Calina D. Natural products and synthetic analogues against HIV: A perspective to develop new potential anti-HIV drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 233:114217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Herrera-España AD, Aguiar-Pech JA, Alvarez-Sánchez ME, Arana-Argáez VE, Palomar-Gómez CK, Jiménez-Ross AG, Cáceres-Castillo D, Carballo RM, Torres-Romero JC. Lupeol acetate isolated from Chrysophyllum cainito L. fruit as a template for the synthesis of N-alkyl-arylsulfonamide derivatives and their synergistic effects with metronidazole against Trichomonas vaginalis. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:5508-5516. [PMID: 34930096 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.2018429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Pentacyclic triterpenes are found in a great variety of natural products and constitute an organic template for the development of new derivative compounds with therapeutic applications. In the present work, lupeol acetate isolated from Chrysophyllum cainito L. fruit was used as a template for the synthesis of novel N-alkyl-arylsulfonamide derivatives, and their synergistic effects with metronidazole against strains of Trichomonas vaginalis were tested. A library of 18 derivatives was synthesized. Ten compounds exhibited an IC50 < 100 μM against a metronidazole-sensitive strain of T. vaginalis. Only seven of these compounds (12, 15, 18-22) also showed activity against metronidazole-resistant strains. The compounds 20 (N-cyclohexyl-p-chlorobenzenesulfonamidolupeol acetate) and 22 (N-cyclohexyl-p-nitrobenzenesulfonamidolupeol acetate) exhibited a similar IC50 against both susceptible and resistant T. vaginalis strains and enhanced the efficacy of metronidazole in a partial and total synergistic way, respectively. These data provided evidence of the trichomonicidal effect of N-alkyl-arylsulfonamide derivatives of lupeol acetate, representing highly promising novel antiparasitic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel D Herrera-España
- División de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Quintana Roo (UQROO), Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México
| | - Julio A Aguiar-Pech
- Department Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - M Elizbeth Alvarez-Sánchez
- Department Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (UACM), Ciudad de, México, México
| | - Victor E Arana-Argáez
- Department Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Cynthia K Palomar-Gómez
- Department Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Armin G Jiménez-Ross
- Department Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - David Cáceres-Castillo
- Department Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Rubén M Carballo
- Department Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Julio C Torres-Romero
- Department Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Mérida, Yucatán, México
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de Almeida SMV, Santos Soares JC, Dos Santos KL, Alves JEF, Ribeiro AG, Jacob ÍTT, da Silva Ferreira CJ, Dos Santos JC, de Oliveira JF, de Carvalho Junior LB, de Lima MDCA. COVID-19 therapy: What weapons do we bring into battle? Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115757. [PMID: 32992245 PMCID: PMC7481143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Urgent treatments, in any modality, to fight SARS-CoV-2 infections are desired by society in general, by health professionals, by Estate-leaders and, mainly, by the scientific community, because one thing is certain amidst the numerous uncertainties regarding COVID-19: knowledge is the means to discover or to produce an effective treatment against this global disease. Scientists from several areas in the world are still committed to this mission, as shown by the accelerated scientific production in the first half of 2020 with over 25,000 published articles related to the new coronavirus. Three great lines of publications related to COVID-19 were identified for building this article: The first refers to knowledge production concerning the virus and pathophysiology of COVID-19; the second regards efforts to produce vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 at a speed without precedent in the history of science; the third comprehends the attempts to find a marketed drug that can be used to treat COVID-19 by drug repurposing. In this review, the drugs that have been repurposed so far are grouped according to their chemical class. Their structures will be presented to provide better understanding of their structural similarities and possible correlations with mechanisms of actions. This can help identifying anti-SARS-CoV-2 promising therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinara Mônica Vitalino de Almeida
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade de Pernambuco, Garanhuns, PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Química e Inovação Terapêutica (LQIT) - Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - José Cleberson Santos Soares
- Laboratório de Química e Inovação Terapêutica (LQIT) - Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Keriolaine Lima Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Química e Inovação Terapêutica (LQIT) - Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Amélia Galdino Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Química e Inovação Terapêutica (LQIT) - Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Íris Trindade Tenório Jacob
- Laboratório de Química e Inovação Terapêutica (LQIT) - Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jamerson Ferreira de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Química e Inovação Terapêutica (LQIT) - Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Maria do Carmo Alves de Lima
- Laboratório de Química e Inovação Terapêutica (LQIT) - Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
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10
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Wu HF, Morris-Natschke SL, Xu XD, Yang MH, Cheng YY, Yu SS, Lee KH. Recent advances in natural anti-HIV triterpenoids and analogs. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:2339-2385. [PMID: 32666531 DOI: 10.1002/med.21708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic is one of the world's most serious health challenges. Although combination antiretroviral therapy provides effective viral suppression, current medicines used against HIV cannot completely eradicate the infectious disease and often have associated toxicities and severe side effects in addition to causing drug resistance. Therefore, the continued development of new antiviral agents with diverse structures and novel mechanisms of action remains a vital need for the management of HIV/AIDS. Natural products are an important source of drug discovery, and certain triterpenes and their analogs have demonstrated potential as pharmaceutical precursors for the treatment of HIV. Over the past decade, natural triterpenoids and analogs have been extensively studied to find new anti-HIV drugs. This review discusses the anti-HIV triterpenoids and analogs reported during the period of 2009-2019. The article includes not only a comprehensive review of the recent anti-HIV agent development from the perspective of medicinal chemistry, but also discusses structure-activity relationship analyses of the described triterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Wu
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Susan L Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xu-Dong Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Hua Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yung-Yi Cheng
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Shan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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11
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Design and biological evaluation of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors with isopropanol as P1' ligand to enhance binding with S1' subsite. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115623. [PMID: 32690263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Newly designed HIV-1 protease inhibitors that maximize interactions with the protein backbone, especially in the form of hydrogen bonds, may enhance the antiviral potency of these compounds and minimize acquisition of drug-resistant mutations. Herein, we described a series of new HIV-1 PIs containing phenols as the P2 ligands and chiral isopropanol as the P1' ligands, in combination with 4-trifluoromethylphenylsulfonamide or 4-nitrophenylsulfonamide as the P2' ligands. And most of these compounds exhibited nanomolar inhibitory potency. In particular, inhibitors 13c and 13e with 4-trifluoromethylphenylsulfonamide as the P2' ligand and (R) - isopropanol as the P1' ligand, exhibited antiviral IC50 values of 1.64 nM and 2.33 nM, respectively. Furthermore, they also showed remarkable activity against wild-type and DRV-resistant HIV-1 variants that raised the prospect of designing more effective PIs further.
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12
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Synthesis and evaluation of potent human immunodeficiency virus 1 protease inhibitors with epimeric isopropanol as novel P1' ligands. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:775-794. [PMID: 32125179 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: HIV-1 protease inhibitors regimens suffered from a number of drawbacks, among which, the most egregious issue was the growing emergence of drug-resistant strains. Materials & methods: The design strategy of maximizing the protease active site interactions with the inhibitor, especially promoting extensive hydrogen bonding with the protein backbone atoms, might be in favor of combating drug resistance. A series of HIV-1 protease inhibitors that incorporated enantiomeric isopropanols as the P1' ligands in combination with phenols as the P2 ligands were reported herein. Results: A number of inhibitors displayed potent protease enzyme inhibition activity. In particular, inhibitor 14c showed comparable potency as darunavir with IC50 value of 1.91 nM and activity against darunavir-resistant HIV-1 variants. Conclusion: The new kind of HIV-1 protease inhibitors deserves further study.
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13
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of HIV-1 protease inhibitors with morpholine derivatives as P2 ligands in combination with cyclopropyl as P1' ligand. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127019. [PMID: 32057582 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors has been designed and synthesized, which contained morpholine derivatives as the P2 ligands and hydrophobic cyclopropyl as the P1' ligand at the meantime in this study, with the aim of improving the interactions between the active sites of HIV-1 protease and the inhibitors. Twenty-eight compounds were synthesized and assessed, among which inhibitors m18 and m1 exhibited excellent inhibitory effect on the activity of HIV-1 protease with IC50 value of 47 nM and 53 nM, respectively. The molecular modeling of m1 revealed possible hydrogen bondings or van der Waals between the inhibitor and the protease, worthy of in-depth study.
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14
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Zhu M, Ma L, Wen J, Dong B, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhou J, Zhang G, Wang J, Guo Y, Liang C, Cen S, Wang Y. Rational design and Structure-Activity relationship of coumarin derivatives effective on HIV-1 protease and partially on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 186:111900. [PMID: 31771827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Since dual inhibitors may yield lower toxicity and reduce the likelihood of drug resistance, as well as inhibitors of HIV-1 PR and RT constitute the core of chemotherapy for AIDS treatment, we herein designed and synthesized new coumarin derivatives characterized by various linkers that exhibited excellent potency against PR and a weak inhibition of RT. Among which, compounds 6f and 7c inhibited PR with IC50 values of 15.5 and 62.1 nM, respectively, and weakly affected also RT with IC50 values of 241.8 and 188.7 μM, respectively, showing the possibility in the future of developing dual HIV-1 PR/RT inhibitors. Creative stimulation for further research of more potent dual HIV-1 inhibitors was got according to the molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jiajia Wen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Biao Dong
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill AIDS Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jinming Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guoning Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Juxian Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill AIDS Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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15
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Zhu M, Ma L, Zhou H, Dong B, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhou J, Zhang G, Wang J, Liang C, Cen S, Wang Y. Preliminary SAR and biological evaluation of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors with pyrimidine bases as novel P2 ligands to enhance activity against DRV-resistant HIV-1 variants. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 185:111866. [PMID: 31734023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introducing pyrimidine bases, the basic components of nucleic acid, to P2 ligands might enhance the potency of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitors because of the carbonyl and amino groups promoting the formation of extensive hydrogen bonding interactions. In this work, we provide evidence that inhibitor 10e, with N-2-(2,4-Dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl) acetamide as the P2 ligand and a 4-methoxylphenylsulfonamide as the P2' ligand, displayed remarkable enzyme inhibitory and antiviral activity, with the IC50 2.53 nM in vitro and a promising inhibition ratio with 68% against wild-type HIV-1 in vivo, with low cytotoxicity. This inhibitor also exhibited appreciable antiviral activity against DRV-resistant HIV-1 variants, which was of great value for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Huiyu Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Biao Dong
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill AIDS Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jinming Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guoning Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Juxian Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill AIDS Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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16
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Medina-O'Donnell M, Rivas F, Reyes-Zurita FJ, Cano-Muñoz M, Martinez A, Lupiañez JA, Parra A. Oleanolic Acid Derivatives as Potential Inhibitors of HIV-1 Protease. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:2886-2896. [PMID: 31617361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Pentacyclic triterpenes, such as oleanolic acid (I), are promising scaffolds for diversification through the use of combinatorial methods to obtain derivatives that improve their biological properties, increasing their bioavailability and enhancing their therapeutic efficacy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence that derivatives of oleanolic acid, conjugated with one or two amino acids and an acyl group, might exert on HIV-1 protease inhibition. The in vitro studies conducted suggested that the presence of a carboxyacyl group generally improves the inhibition of HIV-1 protease, especially when a phthaloyl group is present, with IC50 concentration values below 5 μM. The gain in activity of three 3-phthaloyl derivatives, with sub-micromolar IC50 values, was between 60- and 100-fold more active than oleanolic acid. A molecular docking study has also been performed to elucidate the mode of binding to the protease by these oleanolic acid derivatives. In general, the derivatives that exhibited the highest inhibitory activity of HIV-1 protease also showed the highest binding energies in docking simulations. The overall results suggest that the coupling of one or two amino acids and a phthaloyl group to oleanolic acid improves HIV-1 protease inhibition, implying that these triterpene derivatives may be promising antiviral agents against HIV.
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17
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Hodon J, Borkova L, Pokorny J, Kazakova A, Urban M. Design and synthesis of pentacyclic triterpene conjugates and their use in medicinal research. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111653. [PMID: 31499360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Triterpenoids are natural products from plants and many other organisms that have various biological activities, such as antitumor, antiviral, antimicrobial, and protective activities. This review covers the synthesis and biological evaluation of pentacyclic triterpene (PT) conjugates with other molecules that have been found to increase the IC50 or improve the pharmacological profile of the parent PT. Some of these molecules are designed to target specific proteins or cellular organelles, which has resulted in highly selective lead structures for drug development. Other PT conjugates are useful for investigating their mechanism of action. This concept has been very successful: 1) Many compounds, especially mitochondria-targeting PT conjugates, have reached a selective cytotoxicity at low nanomolar concentrations in cancer cells. 2) A number of PT conjugates have had high activity against HIV or the influenza virus. 3) Fluorescent PT conjugates have been able to visualize the PT in living cells, which has allowed quantification of the uptake and distribution of the PT within the cell. 4) Biotinylated PT conjugates have been used to identify target proteins, which may help to show their mechanism of action. 5) A large number of PT conjugates with polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyamines, etc. form nanometer-sized micelles that have a much better pharmacological profile than the PT alone. In summary, the connection of a PT to an appropriate modifying molecule has resulted in extremely useful semisynthetic compounds with a high potential to treat cancer or viral infections or compounds that are useful for the study of the mechanism of action of PTs at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Hodon
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Borkova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pokorny
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Kazakova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Urban
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinská 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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18
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Zhu M, Dong B, Zhang GN, Wang JX, Cen S, Wang YC. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new HIV-1 protease inhibitors with purine bases as P2-ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1541-1545. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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