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Kumar A, Rani M, Giovannuzzi S, Raghav N, Supuran CT, Sharma PK. Novel thiazolotriazole and triazolothiadiazine scaffolds as selective tumor associated carbonic anhydrase inhibitors endowed with cathepsin B inhibition. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2400366. [PMID: 38991221 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The present research focused on the tail-approach synthesis of novel extended thiazolotriazoles (8a-8j) and triazolothiadiazines (11a-11j) including aminotriazole intermediate 10. After successful synthesis, all the compounds were evaluated for their inhibition potential against cytosolic isoforms of human carbonic anhydrase (hCA I, II), tumor-linked transmembrane isoforms (hCA IX, XII), and cathepsin B. As per the inhibition data, the newly synthesized compounds showed poor inhibition against hCA I. Many of the compounds showed effective inhibition toward hCA IX and/or XII in low nanomolar concentration. Despite the strong to moderate inhibition of hCA II by these compounds, more than half of them demonstrated better inhibition against hCA IX and/or XII, comparatively. Further, insights of CA inhibition data of these extended analogs and their comparison with earlier reported thiazolotriazole and triazolothiadiazine derivatives might help in the rational design of novel potent and selective hCA IX and XII inhibitors. The novel compounds were also found to possess anti-cathepsin B potential at a low concentration of 10-7 M. Broadly, compounds of series 11a-11j presented more effective inhibition against cathepsin B than their counterparts in series 8a-8j. Moreover, these in vitro results with respect to cathepsin B inhibition were also supported by the in silico insights obtained via molecular modeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Manishita Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Simone Giovannuzzi
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Neera Raghav
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pawan K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
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2
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Nocentini A, Costa A, Bonardi A, Ammara A, Giovannuzzi S, Petreni A, Bartolucci G, Rani B, Leri M, Bucciantini M, Fernández-Bolaños JG, López Ó, Passani MB, Provensi G, Gratteri P, Supuran CT. Enhanced Recognition Memory through Dual Modulation of Brain Carbonic Anhydrases and Cholinesterases. J Med Chem 2024; 67:16873-16898. [PMID: 39283654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces a novel multitargeting strategy that combines carbonic anhydrase (CA) activators and cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors to enhance cognitive functions. A series of tacrine-based derivatives with amine/amino acid moieties were synthesized and evaluated for their dual activity on brain CA isoforms and ChEs (AChE and BChE). Several derivatives, notably compounds 26, 30, 34, and 40, demonstrated potent CA activation, particularly of hCA II and VII, and strong ChE inhibition with subnanomolar to low nanomolar IC50 values. In vivo studies using a mouse model of social recognition memory showed that these derivatives significantly improved memory consolidation at doses 10-100 times lower than the reference compounds (either alone or in combination). Molecular modeling and ADMET predictions elucidated the compound binding modes and confirmed favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profiles. The findings suggest that dual modulation of CA and ChE activities is a promising strategy for treating cognitive deficits associated with neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Alessia Costa
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Ocular and Neuropsychopharmacology (Braeye Lab), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Andrea Ammara
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Simone Giovannuzzi
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Andrea Petreni
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Barbara Rani
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Ocular and Neuropsychopharmacology (Braeye Lab), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Manuela Leri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Monica Bucciantini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - José G Fernández-Bolaños
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Óscar López
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Maria Beatrice Passani
- Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Ocular and Neuropsychopharmacology (Braeye Lab), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Gustavo Provensi
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Ocular and Neuropsychopharmacology (Braeye Lab), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
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3
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Biçer A, Çağlayan C, Demir Y, Türkeş C, Altundaş R, Akyıldız H, Beydemir Ş. Synthesis of N-substituted 4-phenyl-2-aminothiazole derivatives and investigation of their inhibition properties against hCA I, II, and AChE enzymes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 761:110159. [PMID: 39322099 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
In this study, thiazole derivatives containing sulphonamide, amide, and phenyl amino groups were synthesized to protect the free amino groups of 5-methyl-4-phenyl-2-aminothiazole and 4-phenyl-2-aminothiazole. Halogenated reactions of N-protected thiazole derivatives have been investigated. LCMS, FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy techniques were used to elucidate the structures of the synthesized compounds. Inhibition effects of the N-protected thiazole derivatives against human carbonic anhydrase I, II (hCA I, hCA II), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were investigated. The best results among the synthesized N-protected thiazole derivatives showed Ki values in the range of 46.85-587.53 nM against hCA I, 35.01-578.06 nM against hCA II, and in the range of 19.58-226.18 nM against AChE. Furthermore, in silico studies with the target enzyme of the thiazole derivatives (9 and 11), which showed the best results experimentally, have examined the binding interactions of the related compounds at the enzyme active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Biçer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, 11230, Türkiye; Scientific Research Projects Coordinatorship, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, 11230, Türkiye.
| | - Cüneyt Çağlayan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, 11230, Türkiye
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, 75700, Türkiye
| | - Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, 24002, Türkiye
| | - Ramazan Altundaş
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, 41400, Türkiye
| | - Hasan Akyıldız
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, 41400, Türkiye
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, 26470, Türkiye
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4
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Srikanth D, Shanthi K, Paoletti N, Joshi SV, Shaik MG, Rana P, Vadakattu M, Yaddanapudi VM, Supuran CT, Nanduri S. Exploration of 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazoline derivatives as human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Synthesis, biological evaluation and in silico studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135890. [PMID: 39313048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
The human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) IX and XII isoforms are overexpressed in hypoxic conditions, contributing to cancer. Lack of isoform selectivity has been one of the main challenges associated with the existing drugs targeting hCAs. Hence, the development of alternative approaches, such as tail approach to develop more selective hCA IX and XII inhibitors is need of the hour. In the present work, we designed and synthesized 24 new 1,3.5-trisubstituted-pyrazoline derivatives with diverse substitutions. The synthesized analogs were evaluated for their hCA inhibitory activities against hCA I, II, IX, and XII isoforms. Among the tested compounds, derivative 8 displayed good inhibitory activity against hCA IX (Ki = 331 nM) and XII (Ki = 96.7 nM). In addition, 9a-g also exhibited some inhibitory activities against hCA IX and XII, with Kis ranging from 574-799 nM and 137-369 nM, respectively. Molecular modelling studies of compound 8 displayed metal coordination with zinc ion and hydrophobic, hydrophilic interactions with adjacent amino acid residues, and maintained stable interactions throughout 100 ns. In addition, ADMET studies demonstrated that compound 8 obeyed the Lipinski's rule of five and was found to be druggable and non-toxic. Hence, compound 8 was identified as potential lead for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danaboina Srikanth
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Kollu Shanthi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Niccolò Paoletti
- Università Degli Studi di Firenze, Neurofarba Dept., Sezione di ScienzeFarmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Swanand Vinayak Joshi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Mahammad Ghouse Shaik
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Preeti Rana
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Manasa Vadakattu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Venkata Madhavi Yaddanapudi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università Degli Studi di Firenze, Neurofarba Dept., Sezione di ScienzeFarmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India.
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De Luca L, Bucolo F, Angeli A, Mancuso F, Crupi V, Supuran CT, Gitto R. Synthesis, biochemical screening and in-silico investigations of arylsulfonamides bearing linear and cyclic tails. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 113:129962. [PMID: 39278367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
A small series of arylsulfonamide derivatives was designed and synthesized to study linear and cyclic inhibitors targeting human Carbonic Anhydrases (hCAs EC 4.2.1.1) as essential enzymes regulating (patho)-physiological processes. Particularly, the synthesis of these ten compounds was inspired to the well-known arylsulfonamides having flexible or constrained linkers able to maintain the two crucial moieties, anchoring zinc group and hydrophobic tail, in the optimized orientation within CA cavities of tumor-expressed isoforms hCA IX and hCA XII. The synthesized imine derivatives and related cyclic 1,3-thiazin-4-ones were screened in a stopped-flow carbon dioxide hydrase assay and proved to be effective inhibitors against hCA IX and hCA XII isoforms with Ki values ranging of 3.7-215.7 nM and 5.7-415.0 nM, respectively. Molecular docking studies of both series of arylsulfonamides were conducted to propose their binding mode within hCA IX and hCA XII active sites thus highlighting their distinct ability to occupy the two catalytic cavities. Moreover, the 4-[(3-cyanophenyl)methylidene]aminobenzene-1-sulfonamide 7 proved to reduce the cell viability of breast carcinoma (MCF-7) and colon rectal carcinoma (HCT-116) human cell lines under the fixed doses of 10 μM. These results encouraged us to continue our efforts in developing potent and efficient arylsulfonamides targeting hCA IX and hCA XII isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura De Luca
- CHIBIOFARAM Department, University of Messina, Viale F. d'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Bucolo
- CHIBIOFARAM Department, University of Messina, Viale F. d'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancuso
- CHIBIOFARAM Department, University of Messina, Viale F. d'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Vittoria Crupi
- CHIBIOFARAM Department, University of Messina, Viale F. d'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Gitto
- CHIBIOFARAM Department, University of Messina, Viale F. d'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy.
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6
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Güleç Ö, Türkeş C, Arslan M, Işık M, Demir Y, Duran HE, Fırat M, Küfrevioğlu Öİ, Beydemir Ş. Dynamics of small molecule-enzyme interactions: Novel benzenesulfonamides as multi-target agents endowed with inhibitory effects against some metabolic enzymes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 759:110099. [PMID: 39009270 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
In contemporary medicinal chemistry, employing a singular small molecule to concurrently multi-target disparate molecular entities is emerging as a potent strategy in the ongoing battle against metabolic disease. In this study, we present the meticulous design, synthesis, and comprehensive biological evaluation of a novel series of 1,2,3-triazolylmethylthio-1,3,4-oxadiazolylbenzenesulfonamide derivatives (8a-m) as potential multi-target inhibitors against human carbonic anhydrase (EC.4.2.1.1, hCA I/II), α-glycosidase (EC.3.2.1.20, α-GLY), and α-amylase (EC.3.2.1.1, α-AMY). Each synthesized sulfonamide underwent rigorous assessment for inhibitory effects against four distinct enzymes, revealing varying degrees of hCA I/II, a-GLY, and a-AMY inhibition across the tested compounds. hCA I was notably susceptible to inhibition by all compounds, demonstrating remarkably low inhibition constants (KI) ranging from 42.20 ± 3.90 nM to 217.90 ± 11.81 nM compared to the reference standard AAZ (KI of 439.17 ± 9.30 nM). The evaluation against hCA II showed that most of the synthesized compounds exhibited potent inhibition effects with KI values spanning the nanomolar range 16.44 ± 1.53-70.82 ± 4.51 nM, while three specific compounds, namely 8a-b and 8d, showcased lower inhibitory potency than other derivatives that did not exceed that of the reference drug AAZ (with a KI of 98.28 ± 1.69 nM). Moreover, across the spectrum of synthesized compounds, potent inhibition profiles were observed against diabetes mellitus-associated α-GLY (KI values spanning from 0.54 ± 0.06 μM to 5.48 ± 0.50 μM), while significant inhibition effects were noted against α-AMY, with IC50 values ranging between 0.16 ± 0.04 μM and 7.81 ± 0.51 μM) compared to reference standard ACR (KI of 23.53 ± 2.72 μM and IC50 of 48.17 ± 2.34 μM, respectively). Subsequently, these inhibitors were evaluated for their DPPH· and ABTS+· radical scavenging activity. Moreover, molecular docking investigations were meticulously conducted within the active sites of hCA I/II, α-GLY, and α-AMY to provide comprehensive elucidation and rationale for the observed inhibitory outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özcan Güleç
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Sakarya University, Sakarya, 54187, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, 24002, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Arslan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Sakarya University, Sakarya, 54187, Turkey.
| | - Mesut Işık
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, 11230, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, 75700, Turkey
| | - Hatice Esra Duran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, 36100, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Fırat
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate Institute, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, 11230, Turkey
| | - Ömer İrfan Küfrevioğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, 26470, Turkey
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Elbarbry FA, Ibrahim TM, Abdelrahman MA, Supuran CT, Eldehna WM. Inhibitory Effect of Two Carbonic Anhydrases Inhibitors on the Activity of Major Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2024; 49:583-594. [PMID: 38914798 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-024-00903-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Both AW-9A (coumarin derivative) and WES-1 (sulfonamide derivative) were designed and synthesized as potential selective carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and were tested for anticancer activity. This study was undertaken to investigate their potential inhibitory effects on the major human cytochrome P450 (CYP) drug-metabolizing enzymes. METHODS Specific CYP probe substrates and validated analytical methods were used to measure the activity of the tested CYP enzymes. Furthermore, in silico simulations were conducted to understand how AW-9A and WES-1 bind to CYP2A6 at a molecular level. Molecular docking experiments were performed using the high-resolution X-ray structure, Protein Data Bank (PDB) ID: 2FDV for CYP2A6. RESULTS CYP2E1-catalyzed chlorzoxazone-6'-hydroxylation was strongly inhibited by AW-9A and WES-1 with IC50 values of 0.084 µM and 0.101 µM, respectively. CYP2A6-catalyzed coumarin-7'-hydroxylation was moderately inhibited by AW-9A (IC50 = 4.2 µM). CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 enzymes were weakly or negligibly inhibited by both agents. Docking studies suggest elevated potential to block the catalytic activity of CYP2A6. CONCLUSIONS These findings point to the feasibility of utilizing these agents as promising chemopreventive agents (owing to inhibition of CYP2E1), and AW-9A as a smoking cessation aid (owing to inhibition of CYP2A6). Additional in-vivo studies should be conducted to examine the impact of CYP2A6 and CYP2E1 inhibition on drug interactions with probe substrates of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzy A Elbarbry
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, 222 SE 8th Ave., Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA.
| | - Tamer M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, P.O. Box 33516, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Abdelrahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, P.O. Box 33516, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt
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8
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Eldehna WM, Elsayed ZM, Ammara A, El Hassab MA, Almahli H, Fares M, Nocentini A, Supuran CT, Abou-Seri SM. Discovery of new sulfonamide-tethered 2-aryl-4-anilinoquinazolines as the first-in-class dual carbonic anhydrase and EGFR inhibitors. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135010. [PMID: 39197616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
In today's medical field, there is a growing trend of exploiting a single small molecule to target two different molecular targets concurrently. This approach is proving to be highly effective in fighting against cancer. The 4-anilinoquinazoline scaffold, known for its potential in cancer therapy and its effectiveness as a leading class of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, was employed to develop a novel series of anilinoquinazoline-sulfonamides (AQSs) (8a-d, 9a-f, and 10a-d) as dual inhibitors of the tumor-associated carbonic anhydrases (CA) IX/XII and EGFR. 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)quinazoline bearing p-sulfanilamide 10b elicited superior hCA IX and XII inhibition in the low nanomolar range (KIs = 38.4 and 8.9 nM, respectively). Also, 10b shined as a potent and selective EGFR inhibitor, boasting an impressive IC50 value of 51.2 ± 0.97 nM, surpassing the reference EGFR inhibitor Erlotinib (IC50 = 80 ± 2.0 nM). Compound 10b exhibited broadest-spectrum antiproliferative activity against the NCI-tumor panel with a mean GI% value of 68 %. Of special interest, 10b demonstrated potent growth inhibition (GI% ≥ 80-97 %) toward cell lines reported to express high levels of EGFR belonging to renal, colon, breast, and lung cancers. Compound 10b's molecular docking in the CA IX/XII and EGFR active sites revealed binding modes that justify its potent enzyme inhibitory effects. Additionally, molecular dynamic simulations demonstrated strong and stable interactions of 10b with the binding sites of these targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Canal El Mahmoudia St., Alexandria 21648, Egypt.
| | - Zainab M Elsayed
- Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Andrea Ammara
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Mahmoud A El Hassab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University (KSIU), South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Hadia Almahli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Mohamed Fares
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, ERU, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Sahar M Abou-Seri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt.
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9
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Sharma V, Vats L, Giovannuzzi S, Mohan B, Supuran CT, Sharma PK. In-vitro and in-silico investigations of SLC-0111 hydrazinyl analogs as human carbonic anhydrase I, II, IX, and XII inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2400157. [PMID: 38713910 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Two novel series of hydrazinyl-based benzenesulfonamides 9a-j and 10a-j were designed and synthesized using SLC-0111 as the lead molecule. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against four different human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) isoforms I, II, IX, and XII. Both the series reported here were practically inactive against the off-target isozyme hCA I. Notably, derivative 10a exhibited superior potency (Ki of 10.2 nM) than acetazolamide (AAZ) against the cytosolic isoform hCA II. The hCA IX and XII isoforms implicated in tumor progression were effectively inhibited with Kis in the low nanomolar range of 20.5-176.6 nM and 6.0-127.5 nM, respectively. Compound 9g emerged as the most potent and selective hCA IX and XII inhibitor with Ki of 20.5 nM and SI of 200.1, and Ki of 6.0 nM and SI of 683.7, respectively, over hCA I. Furthermore, six compounds (9a, 9h, 10a, 10g, 10i, and 10j) exhibited significant inhibition toward hCA IX (Kis = 27.0, 41.1, 27.4, 25.9, 40.7, and 30.8 nM) relative to AAZ and SLC-0111 (Kis = 25.0 and 45.0 nM, respectively). These findings underscore the potential of these derivatives as potent and selective inhibitors of hCA IX and XII over the off-target hCA I and II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
- Department of Chemistry, Pt. Chiranji Lal Sharma Government College, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Lalit Vats
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Bherian, Pehowa, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Simone Giovannuzzi
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Brij Mohan
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pawan K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh, India
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, USA
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10
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Buravchenko GI, Scherbakov AM, Krymov SK, Salnikova DI, Zatonsky GV, Schols D, Vullo D, Supuran CT, Shchekotikhin AE. Synthesis and evaluation of sulfonamide derivatives of quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. RSC Adv 2024; 14:23257-23272. [PMID: 39045402 PMCID: PMC11265520 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04548c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of sulfonamide-derived quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of carbonic anhydrases (CA) with antiproliferative potency. Overall, the synthesized compounds demonstrated good inhibitory activity against four CA isoforms. Compound 7g exhibited favorable potency in inhibiting a CA IX isozyme with a K i value of 42.2 nM compared to the reference AAZ (K i = 25.7 nM). Nevertheless, most of the synthesized compounds have their highest activity against CA I and CA II isoforms over CA IX and CA XII. A molecular modeling study was used for an estimation of the binding mode of the selected ligand 7g in the active site of CA IX. The most active compounds (7b, 7f, 7h, and 18) exhibited significant antiproliferative activity against MCF-7, Capan-1, DND-41, HL60, and Z138 cell lines, with IC50 values in low micromolar concentrations. Moreover, derivatives 7a, 7e, and 8g showed similar hypoxic cytotoxic activity and selectivity compared to tirapazamine (TPZ) against adenocarcinoma cells MCF-7. The structure-activity relationships analysis revealed that the presence of a halogen atom or a sulfonamide group as substituents in the phenyl ring of quinoxaline-2-carbonitrile 1,4-dioxides was favorable for overall cytotoxicity against most of the tested cancer cell lines. Additionally, the presence of a carbonitrile fragment in position 2 of the heterocycle also had a positive effect on the antitumor properties of such derivatives against the majority of cell lines. The most potent derivative, 3-trifluoromethylquinoxaline 1,4-dioxide 7h, demonstrated higher or close antiproliferative activity compared to the reference agents, such as doxorubicin, and etoposide, with an IC50 range of 1.3-2.1 μM. Analysis of the obtained results revealed important patterns in the structure-activity relationship. Moreover, these findings highlight the potential of selected lead sulfonamides on the quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide scaffold for further in-depth evaluation and development of chemotherapeutic agents targeting carbonic anhydrases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina I Buravchenko
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street Moscow 119021 Russia
| | - Alexander M Scherbakov
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Institute of Carcinogenesis, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology Kashirskoe sh. 24 115522 Moscow Russia
| | - Stepan K Krymov
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street Moscow 119021 Russia
| | - Diana I Salnikova
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Institute of Carcinogenesis, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology Kashirskoe sh. 24 115522 Moscow Russia
| | - George V Zatonsky
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street Moscow 119021 Russia
| | - Dominique Schols
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven 3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence Florence Italy
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11
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Supuran CT. Challenges for developing bacterial CA inhibitors as novel antibiotics. Enzymes 2024; 55:383-411. [PMID: 39222998 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Acetazolamide, methazolamide, ethoxzolamide and dorzolamide, classical sulfonamide carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors (CAIs) designed for targeting human enzymes, were also shown to effectively inhibit bacterial CAs and were proposed for repurposing as antibacterial agents against several infective agents. CAs belonging to the α-, β- and/or γ-classes from pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, vacomycin resistant enterococci (VRE), Vibrio cholerae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacteria were considered as drug targets for which several classes of potent inhibitors have been developed. Treatment of some of these pathogens with various classes of such CAIs led to an impairment of the bacterial growth, reduced virulence and for drug resistant bacteria, a resensitization to clinically used antibiotics. Here I will discuss the strategies and challenges for obtaining CAIs with enhanced selectivity for inhibiting bacterial versus human enzymes, which may constitute an important weapon for addressing the drug resistance to β-lactams and other clinically used antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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Maddipatla S, Bakchi B, Gadhave RR, Ammara A, Sau S, Rani B, Nanduri S, Kalia NP, Supuran CT, Yaddanapudi VM. Exploring rhodanine linked enamine-carbohydrazide derivatives as mycobacterial carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2400064. [PMID: 38498883 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
With the rise of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, the imperative for an alternative and superior treatment regimen, incorporating novel mechanisms of action, has become crucial. In pursuit of this goal, we have developed and synthesized a new series of rhodanine-linked enamine-carbohydrazide derivatives, exploring their potential as inhibitors of mycobacterial carbonic anhydrase. The findings reveal their efficacy, displaying notable selectivity toward the mycobacterial carbonic anhydrase 2 (mtCA 2) enzyme. While exhibiting moderate activity against human carbonic anhydrase isoforms, this series demonstrates promising selectivity, positioning these compounds as potential antitubercular agents. Compound 6d was the best one from the series with a Ki value of 9.5 µM toward mtCA 2. Most of the compounds displayed moderate to good inhibition against the Mtb H37Rv strain; compound 11k showed a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1 µg/mL. Molecular docking studies revealed that compounds 6d and 11k show metal coordination with the zinc ion, like classical CA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvan Maddipatla
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Bulti Bakchi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rutuja Rama Gadhave
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Andrea Ammara
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Shashikanta Sau
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Bandela Rani
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nitin Pal Kalia
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Venkata Madhavi Yaddanapudi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Ronca R, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase IX: An atypical target for innovative therapies in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189120. [PMID: 38801961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs), are metallo-enzymes implicated in several pathophysiological processes where tissue pH regulation is required. CA IX is a tumor-associated CA isoform induced by hypoxia and involved in the adaptation of tumor cells to acidosis. Indeed, several tumor-driving pathways can induce CA IX expression, and this in turn has been associated to cancer cells invasion and metastatic features as well as to induction of stem-like features, drug resistance and recurrence. After its functional and structural characterization CA IX targeting approaches have been developed to inhibit its activity in neoplastic tissues, and to date this field has seen an incredible acceleration in terms of therapeutic options and biological readouts. Small molecules inhibitors, hybrid/dual targeting drugs, targeting antibodies and adoptive (CAR-T based) cell therapy have been developed at preclinical level, whereas a sulfonamide CA IX inhibitor and an antibody entered Phase Ib/II clinical trials for the treatment and imaging of different solid tumors. Here recent advances on CA IX biology and pharmacology in cancer, and its therapeutic targeting will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie (CIB), Italy.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Florence 50019, Italy.
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Denner TC, Heise NV, Al-Harrasi A, Csuk R. Synthesis and Enzymatic Evaluation of a Small Library of Substituted Phenylsulfonamido-Alkyl Sulfamates towards Carbonic Anhydrase II. Molecules 2024; 29:3015. [PMID: 38998967 PMCID: PMC11243685 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A small library of 79 substituted phenylsulfonamidoalkyl sulfamates, 1b-79b, was synthesized starting from arylsulfonyl chlorides and amino alcohols with different numbers of methylene groups between the hydroxyl and amino moieties yielding intermediates 1a-79a, followed by the reaction of the latter with sulfamoyl chloride. All compounds were screened for their inhibitory activity on bovine carbonic anhydrase II. Compounds 1a-79a showed no inhibition of the enzyme, in contrast to sulfamates 1b-79b. Thus, the inhibitory potential of compounds 1b-79b towards this enzyme depends on the substituent and the substitution pattern of the phenyl group as well as the length of the spacer. Bulkier substituents in the para position proved to be better for inhibiting CAII than compounds with the same substituent in the meta or ortho position. For many substitution patterns, compounds with shorter spacer lengths were superior to those with long chain spacers. Compounds with shorter spacer lengths performed better than those with longer chain spacers for a variety of substitution patterns. The most active compound held inhibition constant as low as Ki = 0.67 μM (for 49b) and a tert-butyl substituent in para position and acted as a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni C. Denner
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes, Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (N.V.H.)
| | - Niels V. Heise
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes, Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (N.V.H.)
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman;
| | - René Csuk
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes, Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (N.V.H.)
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15
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Aslan H, Renzi G, Angeli A, D'Agostino I, Ronca R, Massardi ML, Tavani C, Carradori S, Ferraroni M, Governa P, Manetti F, Carta F, Supuran CT. Benzenesulfonamide decorated dihydropyrimidin(thi)ones: carbonic anhydrase profiling and antiproliferative activity. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1929-1941. [PMID: 38911163 PMCID: PMC11187566 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00101j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, carbonic anhydrases (CAs) have become the top investigated innovative pharmacological targets and, in particular, isoforms IX and XII have been widely studied due to the evidence of their overexpression in hypoxic tumors. The frantic race to find new anticancer agents places the quick preparation of large libraries of putative bioactive compounds as the basis of a successful drug discovery and development programme. In this context, multi-component and, in general, one-step reactions are becoming very popular and, among them, Biginelli's reaction gave clean and easy-to-isolate products. Thus, we synthesized a series of Biginelli's products (10-17a-b) and similar derivatives (20-21) bearing the benzenesulfonamide moiety, which is known to inhibit CA enzymes. Through the stopped-flow technique, we were able to assess their ability to inhibit the targeted CAs IX and XII in the nanomolar range with promising selectivity over the physiologically relevant isoforms I and II. Crystallography studies and docking simulations helped us to gain insight into the interaction patterns established in the enzyme-inhibitor complex. From a chemical similarity-based screening of in-house libraries of compounds, a diphenylpyrimidine (23) emerged. The surprisingly potent inhibitory activity of 23 for CAs IX and XII along with its strong antiproliferative effect on two (triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and glioblastoma U87MG) cell lines laid the foundation for further investigation, again confirming the key role of CAs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Aslan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Sinop University Sinop Turkey
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Florence Sesto Fiorentino Florence 50019 Italy
| | - Gioele Renzi
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Florence Sesto Fiorentino Florence 50019 Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Florence Sesto Fiorentino Florence 50019 Italy
| | - Ilaria D'Agostino
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Florence Sesto Fiorentino Florence 50019 Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia 25123 Brescia Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Massardi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia 25123 Brescia Italy
| | - Camilla Tavani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia 25123 Brescia Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara 66100 Chieti Italy
| | - Marta Ferraroni
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence Sesto Fiorentino Florence 50019 Italy
| | - Paolo Governa
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Fabrizio Manetti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Florence Sesto Fiorentino Florence 50019 Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Florence Sesto Fiorentino Florence 50019 Italy
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Supuran CT. Fighting antibacterial drug resistance. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024; 34:397-400. [PMID: 38866729 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2367940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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17
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Melfi F, Carradori S, Mencarelli N, Campestre C, Granese A, Mori M. Recent developments of agents targeting Vibrio cholerae: patents and literature data. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024; 34:415-432. [PMID: 38446009 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2327305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vibrio cholerae bacteria cause an infection characterized by acute diarrheal illness in the intestine. Cholera is sustained by people swallowing contaminated food or water. Even though symptoms can be mild, if untreated disease becomes severe and life-threatening, especially in low-income countries. AREAS COVERED After a description of the most recent literature on the pathophysiology of this infection, we searched for patents and literature articles following the PRISMA guidelines, filtering the results disclosed from 2020 to present. Moreover, some innovative molecular targets (e.g., carbonic anhydrases) and pathways to counteract this rising problem were also discussed in terms of design, structure-activity relationships and structural analyses. EXPERT OPINION This review aims to cover and analyze the most recent advances on the new druggable targets and bioactive compounds against this fastidious pathogen, overcoming the use of old antibiotics which currently suffer from high resistance rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Melfi
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Noemi Mencarelli
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Campestre
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Arianna Granese
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Gamal MA, Fahim SH, Giovannuzzi S, Fouad MA, Bonardi A, Gratteri P, Supuran CT, Hassan GS. Probing benzenesulfonamide-thiazolidinone hybrids as multitarget directed ligands for efficient control of type 2 diabetes mellitus through targeting the enzymes: α-glucosidase and carbonic anhydrase II. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116434. [PMID: 38653067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by improper expression/function of a number of key enzymes that can be regarded as targets for anti-diabetic drug design. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and biological assessment of two series of thiazolidinone-based sulfonamides 4a-l and 5a-c as multitarget directed ligands (MTDLs) with potential anti-diabetic activity through targeting the enzymes: α-glucosidase and human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) II. The synthesized sulfonamides were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase where most of the compounds showed good to potent activities. Compounds 4d and 4e showed potent inhibitory activities (IC50 = 0.440 and 0.3456 μM), comparable with that of the positive control (acarbose; IC50 = 0.420 μM). All the synthesized derivatives were also tested for their inhibitory activities against hCA I, II, IX, and XII. They exhibited different levels of inhibition against these isoforms. Compound 4d outstood as the most potent one against hCA II with Ki equals to 7.0 nM, more potent than the reference standard (acetazolamide; Ki = 12.0 nM). In silico studies for the most active compounds within the active sites of α-glucosidase and hCA II revealed good binding modes that can explain their biological activities. MM-GBSA refinements and molecular dynamic simulations were performed on the top-ranking docking pose of the most potent compound 4d to confirm the formation of stable complex with both targets. Compound 4d was screened for its in vivo antihyperglycemic efficacy by using the oral glucose tolerance test. Compound 4d decreased blood glucose level to 217 mg/dl, better than the standard acarbose (234 mg/dl). Hence, this revealed its synergistic mode of action on post prandial hyperglycemia and hepatic gluconeogenesis. Thus, these benzenesulfonamide thiazolidinone hybrids could be considered as promising multi-target candidates for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A Gamal
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Samar H Fahim
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Simone Giovannuzzi
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Marwa A Fouad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, New Giza, km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Ghaneya S Hassan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Egypt
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Supuran CT. Novel carbonic anhydrase inhibitors for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2024; 33:523-532. [PMID: 38517734 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2334714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Helicobacter pylori, the causative agent of peptic ulcer, gastritis, and gastric cancer encodes two carbonic anhydrases (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) belonging to the α- and β-class (HpCAα/β), which have been validated as antibacterial drug targets. Acetazolamide and ethoxzolamide were also clinically used for the management of peptic ulcer. AREAS COVERED Sulfonamides were the most investigated HpCAα/β compounds, with several low nanomolar inhibitors identified, some of which also crystallized as adducts with HpCAα, allowing for the rationalization of the structure-activity relationship. Few data are available for other classes of inhibitors, such as phenols, sulfamides, sulfamates, dithiocarbamates, arylboronic acids, some of which showed effective in vitro inhibition and for phenols, also inhibition of planktonic growth, biofilm formation, and outer membrane vesicles spawning. EXPERT OPINION Several recent drug design studies reported selenazoles incorporating seleno/telluro-ethers attached to benzenesulfonamides, hybrids incorporating the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib and benzenesulfonamides, showing KIs < 100 nM against HpCAα and MICs in the range of 8-16 µg/mL for the most active derivatives. Few drug design studies for non-sulfonamide inhibitors were performed to date, although inhibition of these enzymes may help the fight of multidrug resistance to classical antibiotics which emerged in the last decades also for this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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20
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Denner TC, Heise NV, Serbian I, Angeli A, Supuran CT, Csuk R. An asiatic acid derived trisulfamate acts as a nanomolar inhibitor of human carbonic anhydrase VA. Steroids 2024; 205:109381. [PMID: 38325751 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
This investigation delves into the inhibitory capabilities of a specific set of triterpenoic acids on diverse isoforms of human carbonic anhydrase (hCA). Oleanolic acid (1), maslinic acid (2), betulinic acid (3), platanic acid (4), and asiatic acid (5) were chosen as representative triterpenoids for evaluation. The synthesis involved acetylation of parent triterpenoic acids 1-5, followed by sequential reactions with oxalyl chloride and benzylamine, de-acetylation of the amides, and subsequent treatment with sodium hydride and sulfamoyl chloride, leading to the formation of final compounds 21-25. Inhibition assays against hCAs I, II, VA, and IX demonstrated noteworthy outcomes. A derivative of betulinic acid, compound 23, exhibited a Ki value of 88.1 nM for hCA VA, and a derivative of asiatic acid, compound 25, displayed an even lower Ki value of 36.2 nM for the same isoform. Notably, the latter compound displayed enhanced inhibitory activity against hCA VA when compared to the benchmark compound acetazolamide (AAZ), which had a Ki value of 63.0 nM. Thus, this compound surpasses the inhibitory potency and isoform selectivity of the standard compound acetazolamide (AAZ). In conclusion, the research offers insights into the inhibitory potential of selected triterpenoic acids across diverse hCA isoforms, emphasizing the pivotal role of structural attributes in determining isoform-specific inhibitory activity. The identification of compound 25 as a robust and selective hCA VA inhibitor prompts further exploration of its therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni C Denner
- Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Dtr. 2 D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Niels V Heise
- Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Dtr. 2 D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Immo Serbian
- Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Dtr. 2 D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50010 Sesto Florentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50010 Sesto Florentino, Florence, Italy
| | - René Csuk
- Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Dtr. 2 D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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21
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Hefny SM, El-Moselhy TF, El-Din N, Giovannuzzi S, Bin Traiki T, Vaali-Mohammed MA, El-Dessouki AM, Yamaguchi K, Sugiura M, Shaldam MA, Supuran CT, Abdulla MH, Eldehna WM, Tawfik HO. Discovery and Mechanistic Studies of Dual-Target Hits for Carbonic Anhydrase IX and VEGFR-2 as Potential Agents for Solid Tumors: X-ray, In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico Investigations of Coumarin-Based Thiazoles. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38642371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
A dual-targeting approach is predicted to yield better cancer therapy outcomes. Consequently, a series of coumarin-based thiazoles (5a-h, 6, and 7a-e) were designed and constructed as potential carbonic anhydrase (CA) and VEGFR-2 suppressors. The inhibitory actions of the target compounds were assessed against CA isoforms IX and VEGFR-2. The assay results showed that coumarin-based thiazoles 5a, 5d, and 5e can effectively inhibit both targets. 5a, 5d, and 5e cytotoxic effects were tested on pancreatic, breast, and prostate cancer cells (PANC1, MCF7, and PC3). Further mechanistic investigation disclosed the ability of 5e to interrupt the PANC1 cell progression in the S stage by triggering the apoptotic cascade, as seen by increased levels of caspases 3, 9, and BAX, alongside the Bcl-2 decline. Moreover, the in vivo efficacy of compound 5e as an antitumor agent was evaluated. Also, molecular docking and dynamics displayed distinctive interactions between 5e and CA IX and VEGFR-2 binding pockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma M Hefny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Tarek F El-Moselhy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Nabaweya El-Din
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Simone Giovannuzzi
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze Italy
| | - Thamer Bin Traiki
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed M El-Dessouki
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, sixth of October City, Giza 12566, Egypt
| | - Koki Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Masaharu Sugiura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Moataz A Shaldam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze Italy
| | - Maha-Hamadien Abdulla
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Haytham O Tawfik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
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22
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Angeli A, Ferraroni M, Capasso C, Supuran CT. The dopamine D 2 receptors antagonist Veralipride inhibits carbonic anhydrases: solution and crystallographic insights on human isoforms. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400067. [PMID: 38334332 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of veralipride, a benzamide-class antipsychotic acting as dopamine D2 receptors antagonist incorporates a primary sulfonamide moiety and was investigated for its interactions with carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms. In vitro profiling using the stopped-flow technique revealed that veralipride exhibited potent inhibitory activity across all tested hCA isoforms, with exception of hCA III. Comparative analysis with standard inhibitors, acetazolamide (AAZ), and sulpiride, provided insights for understanding the relative efficacy of veralipride as CA inhibitor. The study reports the X-ray crystal structure analysis of the veralipride adduct with three human (h) isoforms, hCA I, II, and CA XII mimic, allowing the understanding of the molecular interactions rationalizing its inhibitory effects against each isoform. These findings contribute to our understanding of veralipride pharmacological properties and for the design of structural analogs endowed with polypharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Angeli
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Ferraroni
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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23
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Moi D, Vittorio S, Angeli A, Supuran CT, Onnis V. Discovery of a New Class of 1-(4-Sulfamoylbenzoyl)piperidine-4-carboxamides as Human Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:470-477. [PMID: 38628786 PMCID: PMC11017293 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of 1-(4-sulfamoylbenzoyl)piperidine-4-carboxamides deriving from substituted piperazines/benzylamines was designed, synthesized, and tested on human carbonic anhydrase (hCA). The inhibitory activity of the new sulfonamides was analyzed using acetazolamide (AAZ) as a standard inhibitor against hCA I, II, IX, and XII. Several sulfonamides showed both inhibitory activity at low nanomolar concentrations and selectivity against the cytosolic hCA II isoform, and the same trend was observed on the tumor-associated hCA IX and XII. The benzenesulfonamido carboxamides 11 and 15 were the most potent of the piperazino- and benzylamino-based series, respectively. Docking and molecular dynamics studies related the high selectivity of compound 11 toward the tumor-associated hCA isoforms to its capability to participate in favorable interactions within hCA IX and hCA XII active sites, whereas no such interactions were detected within both hCA I and hCA II isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Moi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Serena Vittorio
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università
degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Laboratorio
di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico Neurofarba Department, Università Degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Laboratorio
di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico Neurofarba Department, Università Degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Valentina Onnis
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
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24
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Kumar A, Arya P, Giovannuzzi S, Mohan B, Raghav N, Supuran CT, Sharma PK. Novel 1,2,4-triazoles as selective carbonic anhydrase inhibitors showing ancillary anticathepsin B activity. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:689-706. [PMID: 38573017 PMCID: PMC11221327 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Exploration of the multi-target approach considering both human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) IX and XII and cathepsin B is a promising strategy to target cancer. Methodology & Results: 22 novel 1,2,4-triazole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibition efficacy against hCA I, II, IX, XII isoforms and cathepsin B. The compounds demonstrated effective inhibition against hCA IX and/or XII isoforms with considerable selectivity over off-target hCA I/II. All compounds presented significant anticathepsin B activities at a low concentration of 10-7 M and in vitro results were also supported by the molecular modeling studies. Conclusion: Insights of present study can be utilized in the rational design of effective and selective hCA IX and XII inhibitors capable of inhibiting cathepsin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Priyanka Arya
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Simone Giovannuzzi
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical & Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Brij Mohan
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa, 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Neera Raghav
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical & Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Pawan K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
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25
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Fuentes-Aguilar A, González-Bakker A, Jovanović M, Stojanov SJ, Puerta A, Gargano A, Dinić J, Vega-Báez JL, Merino-Montiel P, Montiel-Smith S, Alcaro S, Nocentini A, Pešić M, Supuran CT, Padrón JM, Fernández-Bolaños JG, López Ó. Coumarins-lipophilic cations conjugates: Efficient mitocans targeting carbonic anhydrases. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107168. [PMID: 38354500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Being aware of the need to develop more efficient therapies against cancer, herein we disclose an innovative approach for the design of selective antiproliferative agents. We have accomplished the conjugation of a coumarin fragment with lipophilic cations (triphenylphosphonium salts, guanidinium) for providing mitochondriotropic agents that simultaneously target also carbonic anhydrases IX and XII, involved in the development and progression of cancer. The new compounds prepared herein turned out to be strong inhibitors of carbonic anhydrases IX and XII of human origin (low-to-mid nM range), also endowed with high selectivity, exhibiting negligible activity towards cytosolic CA isoforms. Key interactions with the enzyme were analysed using docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Regarding their in vitro antiproliferative activities, an increase of the tether length connecting both pharmacophores led to a clear improvement in potency, reaching the submicromolar range for the lead compounds, and an outstanding selectivity towards tumour cell lines (S.I. up to >357). Cytotoxic effects were also analysed on MDR cell lines under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. Chemoresistance exhibited by phosphonium salts, and not by guanidines, against MDR cells was based on the fact that the former were found to be substrates of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the pump responsible for extruding foreign chemicals; this situation was reversed by administrating tariquidar, a third generation P-gp inhibitor. Moreover, phosphonium salts provoked a profound depolarization of mitochondria membranes from tumour cells, thus probably compromising their oxidative metabolism. To gain insight into the mode of action of title compounds, continuous live cell microscopy was employed; interestingly, this technique revealed two different antiproliferative mechanisms for both families of mitocans. Whereas phosphonium salts had a cytostatic effect, blocking cell division, guanidines led to cell death via apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Fuentes-Aguilar
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570 Puebla, PUE, Mexico; Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1203, E-41071 Seville, Spain
| | - Aday González-Bakker
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González", Universidad de la Laguna, C/ Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Mirna Jovanović
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sofija Jovanović Stojanov
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Adrián Puerta
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González", Universidad de la Laguna, C/ Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Adriana Gargano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jelena Dinić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - José L Vega-Báez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570 Puebla, PUE, Mexico
| | - Penélope Merino-Montiel
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570 Puebla, PUE, Mexico
| | - Sara Montiel-Smith
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570 Puebla, PUE, Mexico
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science Academic Spinoff, Università "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; Associazione CRISEA - Centro di Ricerca e Servizi Avanzati per l'Innovazione Rurale, Località Condoleo, 88055 Belcastro (CZ), Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Milica Pešić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - José M Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González", Universidad de la Laguna, C/ Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain.
| | - José G Fernández-Bolaños
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1203, E-41071 Seville, Spain
| | - Óscar López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1203, E-41071 Seville, Spain.
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26
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Supuran CT. Drug interactions of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and activators. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024; 20:143-155. [PMID: 38450431 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2328152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) have been established drug targets for decades, with their inhibitors and activators possessing relevant pharmacological activity and applications in various fields. At least 11 sulfonamides/sulfamates are clinically used as diuretics, antiglaucoma, antiepileptic, or antiobesity agents and one derivative, SLC-0111, is in clinical trials as antitumor/antimetastatic agent. The activators were less investigated with no clinically used agent. AREAS COVERED Drug interactions between CA inhibitors/activators and various other agents are reviewed in publications from the period March 2020 - January 2024. EXPERT OPINION Drug interactions involving these agents revealed several interesting findings. Acetazolamide plus loop diuretics is highy effective in acute decompensated heart failure, whereas ocular diseases such as X-linked retinoschisis and macular edema were treated by acetazolamide plus bevacizumab or topical NSAIDs. Potent anti-infective effects of acetazolamide and other CAIs, alone or in combination with other agents were demonstrated for the management of Neisseria gonorrhoea, vancomycin resistant enterococci, Acanthamoeba castellanii, Trichinella spiralis, and Cryptococcus neoformans infections. Topiramate, in combination with phentermine is incresingly used for the management of obesity, whereas zonisamide plus levodopa is highly effective for Parkinson's disease. Acetazolamide, methazolamide, ethoxzolamide, and SLC-0111 showed synergistic antitumor/antimetastatic action in combination with many other antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
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27
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Yapar G, Lolak N, Bonardi A, Akocak S, Supuran CT. Exploring the potency of diazo-coumarin containing hybrid molecules: Selective inhibition of tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase isoforms IX and XII. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300626. [PMID: 38193633 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces a series of ten hybrid molecules DK(1-10), which combine diazo and coumarin moieties along with diverse aromatic substitutions. The primary objective was to evaluate the inhibitory capabilities of these compounds against four prominent isoforms: the cytosolic hCA I and II, as well as the tumor-associated membrane-bound hCA IX and XII. Impressively, the majority of the tested compounds exhibited significant inhibition activity against the tumor-associated isoforms hCA IX and XII, with KI values ranging from 29.2 to 293.3 nM. Notably, compound DK-8 displayed particularly robust inhibitory activity against the tumor-associated membrane-bound isoforms, hCA IX and XII, yielding KI values of 32.5 and 29.2 nM, respectively. Additionally, another derivative, DK-9, containing a primary sulfonamide, exhibited notable inhibition against hCA XII with a KI value of 36.4 nM. This investigation aimed to explore the structure-activity relationships within these compounds, shedding light on how various substitutions and structural components influence their inhibitory potential. As a result, these compounds present promising candidates for further exploration in medicinal and pharmacological research. Their ability to selectively inhibit specific isoforms, particularly those associated with hypoxic tumors, suggests their potential as foundational compounds for the development of novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gönül Yapar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, 34469, Türkiye
| | - Nebih Lolak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adıyaman University, 02040, Adıyaman, Türkiye
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Suleyman Akocak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adıyaman University, 02040, Adıyaman, Türkiye
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
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28
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García-Llorca A, Carta F, Supuran CT, Eysteinsson T. Carbonic anhydrase, its inhibitors and vascular function. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1338528. [PMID: 38348465 PMCID: PMC10859760 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1338528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been known for some time that Carbonic Anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) plays a complex role in vascular function, and in the regulation of vascular tone. Clinically employed CA inhibitors (CAIs) are used primarily to lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma, and also to affect retinal blood flow and oxygen saturation. CAIs have been shown to dilate vessels and increase blood flow in both the cerebral and ocular vasculature. Similar effects of CAIs on vascular function have been observed in the liver, brain and kidney, while vessels in abdominal muscle and the stomach are unaffected. Most of the studies on the vascular effects of CAIs have been focused on the cerebral and ocular vasculatures, and in particular the retinal vasculature, where vasodilation of its vessels, after intravenous infusion of sulfonamide-based CAIs can be easily observed and measured from the fundus of the eye. The mechanism by which CAIs exert their effects on the vasculature is still unclear, but the classic sulfonamide-based inhibitors have been found to directly dilate isolated vessel segments when applied to the extracellular fluid. Modification of the structure of CAI compounds affects their efficacy and potency as vasodilators. CAIs of the coumarin type, which generally are less effective in inhibiting the catalytically dominant isoform hCA II and unable to accept NO, have comparable vasodilatory effects as the primary sulfonamides on pre-contracted retinal arteriolar vessel segments, providing insights into which CA isoforms are involved. Alterations of the lipophilicity of CAI compounds affect their potency as vasodilators, and CAIs that are membrane impermeant do not act as vasodilators of isolated vessel segments. Experiments with CAIs, that shed light on the role of CA in the regulation of vascular tone of vessels, will be discussed in this review. The role of CA in vascular function will be discussed, with specific emphasis on findings with the effects of CA inhibitors (CAI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea García-Llorca
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Thor Eysteinsson
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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29
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Shaldam MA, Khalil AF, Almahli H, Jaballah MY, Angeli A, Khaleel EF, Badi RM, Elkaeed EB, Supuran CT, Eldehna WM, Tawfik HO. Identification of 3-(5-cyano-6-oxo-pyridin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamides as novel anticancer agents endowed with EGFR inhibitory activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300449. [PMID: 37828544 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
New 5-cyano-6-oxo-pyridine-based sulfonamides (6a-m and 8a-d) were designed and synthesized to potentially inhibit both the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and carbonic anhydrase (CA), with anticancer properties. First, the in vitro anticancer activity of each target substance was tested using Henrietta Lacks cancer cell line and M.D. anderson metastasis breast cancer cell line cells. Then, the possible CA inhibition against the human CA isoforms I, II, and IX was investigated, together with the EGFR inhibitory activity, with the most powerful derivatives. The neighboring methoxy group may have had a steric effect on the target sulfonamides, which prevented them from effectively inhibiting the CA isoforms while effectively inhibiting the EGFR. The effects of the 5-cyanopyridine derivatives 6e and 6l on cell-cycle disruption and the apoptotic potential were then investigated. To investigate the binding mechanism and stability of the target molecules, thorough molecular modeling assessments, including docking and dynamic simulation, were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moataz A Shaldam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hadia Almahli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maiy Y Jaballah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Abbassia, Egypt
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Eman F Khaleel
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab Mustafa Badi
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Egypt
| | - Haytham O Tawfik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Shalileh F, Gheibzadeh MS, Lloyd JR, Fietz S, Shahbani Zahiri H, Zolfaghari Emameh R. Evolutionary analysis and quality assessment of ζ-carbonic anhydrase sequences from environmental microbiome. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:1412-1425. [PMID: 37670218 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is one of the most vital enzymes in living cells. This study has been performed due to the significance of this metalloenzyme for life and the novelty of some CA families like ζ-CA to evaluate evolutionary processes and quality check their sequences. In this study, bioinformatics methods revealed the presence of ζ-CA in some eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms. Notably, it has not been previously reported in prokaryotes. The coexistence of β- and ζ-CAs in some microorganisms is also a novel finding as well. Also, our analysis identified several CA proteins with 6-14 amino acid intervals between histidine and cysteine in the second highly conserved motif, which can be classified as the novel ζ-CA subfamily members that emerged under the Zn deficiency of aquatic ecosystems and selection pressure in these environments. There is also a possibility that the achieved results are rooted in the contamination of samples from the environmental microbiome genome with genomes of diatom species and the occurrence of errors was observed in the DNA sequencing outcomes. Combining of all results from evolutionary analysis to quality control of ζ-CA DNA sequences is the incentive motivation to explore more the hidden aspects of ζ-CAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Shalileh
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad S Gheibzadeh
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - James R Lloyd
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Plant Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Susanne Fietz
- Department of Earth Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Hossein Shahbani Zahiri
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Zolfaghari Emameh
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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Giovannuzzi S, Marapaka AK, Abutaleb NS, Carta F, Liang HW, Nocentini A, Pisano L, Seleem MN, Flaherty DP, Supuran CT. Inhibition of pathogenic bacterial carbonic anhydrases by monothiocarbamates. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2284119. [PMID: 37994421 PMCID: PMC11003479 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2284119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) from the pathogenic bacteria Nesseria gonorrhoeae and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have recently been validated as antibacterial drug targets. Here we explored the inhibition of the α-CA from N. gonorrhoeae (α-NgCA), of α- and γ-class enzymes from Enterococcus faecium (α-EfCA and γ-EfCA) with a panel of aliphatic, heterocyclic and aryl-alkyl primary/secondary monothiocarbamates (MTCs). α-NgCA was inhibited in vitro with KIs ranging from 0.367 to 0.919 µM. The compounds inhibited the α-EfCA and γ-EfCA with KI ranges of 0.195-0.959 µM and of 0.149-1.90 µM, respectively. Some MTCs were also investigated for their inhibitory effects on the growth of clinically-relevant N. gonorrhoeae and VRE strains. No inhibitory effects on the growth of VRE were noted for all MTCs, whereas one compound (13) inhibited the growth N. gonorrhoeae strains at concentrations ranging from 16 to 64 µg/mL. This suggests that compound 13 may be a potential antibacterial agent against N. gonorrhoeae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Giovannuzzi
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Anil Kumar Marapaka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, IN, USA
| | - Nader S. Abutaleb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Center for One Health Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Hsin-Wen Liang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Center for One Health Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Luigi Pisano
- Section of Dermatology, Health Sciences Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mohamed N. Seleem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Center for One Health Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Daniel P. Flaherty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, IN, USA
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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Denner TC, Angeli A, Ferraroni M, Supuran CT, Csuk R. Ureidobenzenesulfonamides as Selective Carbonic Anhydrase I, IX, and XII Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 28:7782. [PMID: 38067512 PMCID: PMC10707797 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfonamides remain an important class of drugs, especially because of their inhibitory effects on carbonic anhydrases. Herein, we have synthesized several sulfonamides and tested them for their inhibitory activity against carbonic anhydrases hCA I, hCA II, hCA IX, and hCA XII, respectively. Thereby, biphenyl- and benzylphenyl-substituted sulfonamides showed high selectivity against hCA IX and hCA XII; these enzymes are common targets in the treatment of hypoxic cancers, and noteworthy inhibitory activity was observed for several compounds toward hCA I that might be of interest for future applications to treat cerebral edema. Compound 3 (4-[3-(2-benzylphenyl)ureido]benzenesulfonamide) held an exceptionally low Ki value of 1.0 nM for hCA XII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni C. Denner
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes, Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Florentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (A.A.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Marta Ferraroni
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Florentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (A.A.); (C.T.S.)
| | - René Csuk
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes, Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
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Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase versatility: from pH regulation to CO 2 sensing and metabolism. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1326633. [PMID: 38028557 PMCID: PMC10676200 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1326633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While the carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) superfamily of enzymes has been described primarily as involved only in pH regulation for decades, it also has many other important functions. CO2, bicarbonate, and protons, the physiological substrates of CA, are indeed the main buffering system in organisms belonging to all life kingdoms; however, in the last period, relevant progress has been made in the direction of elucidating the involvement of the eight genetically distinct CA families in chemical sensing, metabolism, and several other crucial physiological processes. Interference with CA activity, both by inhibiting and activating these enzymes, has thus led to novel applications for CA inhibitors and activators in the field of innovative biomedicine and environment and health. In this perspective article, I will discuss the recent advances which have allowed for a deeper understanding of the biochemistry of these versatile enzymes and various applications of their modulators of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Supuran CT. Targeting carbonic anhydrases for the management of hypoxic metastatic tumors. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:701-720. [PMID: 37545058 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2245971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several isoforms of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) are connected with tumorigenesis. Hypoxic tumors overexpress CA IX and XII as a consequence of HIF activation cascade, being involved in pH regulation, metabolism, and metastases formation. Other isoforms (CA I, II, III, IV) were also reported to be present in some tumors. AREAS COVERED Some CA isoforms are biomarkers for disease progression or response to therapy. Inhibitors, antibodies, and other procedures for targeting these enzymes for the treatment of tumors/metastases are discussed. Sulfonamides and coumarins represent the most investigated classes of inhibitors, but carboxylates, selenium, and tellurium-containing inhibitors were also investigated. Hybrid drugs of CA inhibitors with other antitumor agents for multitargeted therapy were reported. EXPERT OPINION Targeting CAs present in solid or hematological tumors with selective, targeted inhibitors is a validated approach, which has been consolidated in the last years. A host of new preclinical data and several clinical trials of antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors are ongoing, which connected with the large number of new chemotypes/procedures discovered to be effective, may lead to a breakthrough in this therapeutic area. The scientific/patent literature has been searched for on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Espacenet, and PatentGuru, from 2018 to 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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Akocak S, Lolak N, Giovannuzzi S, Supuran CT. Potent and selective carbonic anhydrase inhibition activities of pyrazolones bearing benzenesulfonamides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 95:129479. [PMID: 37704010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
This research introduces a series of fourteen 4-aryl-hydrazonopyrazolone sulfonamide derivatives, denoted as 3(a-g) and 4(a-g), which encompass various aromatic substitutions. The aim was to assess the inhibitory potential of these compounds against four significant isoforms, including the cytosolic isoforms hCA I and II, as well as the tumor-associated membrane-bound isoforms hCA IX and XII. Most of the tested compounds exhibited substantial inhibition against the tumor-associated isoform hCA IX, with Ki values spanning from 1.1 to 158.2 nM. Notably, compounds 3e and 3g showed particularly strong inhibitory activity against the tumor-associated membrane-bound isoforms, hCA IX and XII, while maintaining a high selectivity ratio over cytosolic off-target isoforms hCA I and II. This selectivity is vital due to the potential of hCA IX and hCA XII as drug targets for hypoxic tumors. In an effort to create novel analogs that exhibit enhanced carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity and specificity, we investigated the structure-activity relationships of these compounds and provided a concise interpretation of our findings. Consequently, these compounds merit consideration for subsequent medicinal and pharmacological research, holding potential for developing novel therapeutic agents targeting specific isoforms in hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman Akocak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adıyaman University, 02040 Adıyaman, Turkey.
| | - Nebih Lolak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adıyaman University, 02040 Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Simone Giovannuzzi
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy.
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Supuran CT. An overview of novel antimicrobial carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:897-910. [PMID: 37747071 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2263914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Four different genetic families of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) are present in bacteria, α-, β-, γ- and ι-CAs. They play relevant functions related to CO2, HCO3-/H+ ions homeostasis, being involved in metabolic biosynthetic pathways, pH regulation, and represent virulence and survival factors for bacteria in various niches. Bacterial CAs started to be considered druggable targets in the last decade, as their inhibition impairs survival, growth, and virulence of these pathogens. AREAS COVERED Significant advances were registered in the last years for designing effective inhibitors of sulfonamide type for Helicobacter pylori α-CA, Neisseria gonorrhoeae α-CA, vacomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) α- and γ-CAs, for which the in vivo validation has also been achieved. MIC-s in the range of 0.25-4.0 µg/mL for wild type and drug resistant N. gonorrhoeae strains, and of 0.007-2.0 µg/mL for VRE were observed for some 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamides, and acetazolamide was effective in gut decolonization from VRE. EXPERT OPINION Targeting bacterial CAs from other pathogens, among which Vibrio cholerae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Brucella suis, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Legionella pneumophila, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Clostridium perfringens, Streptococcus mutans, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Francisella tularensis, Escherichia coli, Mammaliicoccus (Staphylococcus) sciuri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, may lead to novel antibacterials devoid of drug resistance problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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