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Portingale J, Kenny J, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Krug I. Effects of videoconferencing use on momentary changes in disordered eating urges, body dissatisfaction, and mood. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2024; 32:201-214. [PMID: 37805970 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to a global surge in videoconferencing use for work/study-related reasons. Although these platforms heighten exposure to one's image, the implications of videoconferencing use on body image and eating concerns remain scantly examined. This study sought to investigate, in an Australian sample, whether videoconferencing for work/study-related reasons predicted increases in body dissatisfaction (BD), urge to engage in disordered eating (DE; restrictive eating, exercise, overeating/purging), and negative mood at the state level. Participants (N = 482, 78.8% women, Mage = 20.5 years [SD = 5.3]) completed baseline demographic measures, accompanied by an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of videoconferencing for work/study-related reasons, BD, DE urges, and negative mood six times a day for 7 days via a smartphone application. Most participants (n = 429; 89.0%) reported state-based videoconferencing use during the EMA phase. Consistent with expectations, state-based videoconferencing use was associated with an increase in state-level urges to engage in exercise. However, contrary to predictions, state-based videoconferencing use was linked to a decrease in state-level BD at the next assessment point and failed to predict negative mood and urges to engage in restrictive eating or overeating/purging at the state level. Given the simplified measure of videoconferencing use, the current research is considered preliminary and future replication and extension, using more nuanced measures, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Portingale
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jesy Kenny
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Isabel Krug
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Reynolds TA, Maner JK, Frederick DA, Forney KJ, Garcia JR. A Slim Majority: The Influence of Sex Ratio on Women's Body Dissatisfaction and Weight Loss Motivations. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:3043-3062. [PMID: 37407892 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02644-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The current investigation examined whether women's perceptions of the sex ratio (ratio of women to men) in the local population influence their body dissatisfaction and weight loss motivations. A higher ratio of women to men in a given population signifies a relative abundance of same-sex mating competitors, intensifying female intrasexual competition. Five studies (N = 1,776) tested the hypotheses that women's perceptions of a female-skewed sex ratio would correspond to increased feelings of intrasexual competitiveness and perceptions of unfavorable mating prospects, which would, in turn, be associated with heightened body dissatisfaction and weight loss motivations. Among university and community women (Studies 1and 2), perceptions of a female-skewed sex ratio corresponded to greater intrasexual competitiveness, increased body dissatisfaction, and increased dieting inclinations. Among single women, assessments of a female-skewed sex ratio corresponded to perceptions of unfavorable mating prospects, increased romantic pressure to alter their appearance, and higher body dissatisfaction (Study 3). Studies 4 and 5 experimentally manipulated perceived sex ratio. Women in the female-skewed condition felt less satisfied with their weights and shapes, but only if they believed the manipulation (Study 4). In Study 5, using a within-subjects design, women who evaluated a male-skewed (vs. female-skewed) dating profile array subsequently desired to lose less weight. Findings suggest women's perceptions of their social environments may contribute to body image and dieting motivations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania A Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, The University of New Mexico, 2001 Redondo S. Dr., Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA.
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Jon K Maner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - David A Frederick
- Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - K Jean Forney
- Psychology Department, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Justin R Garcia
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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3
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Bennett BL, Pokhrel P, Latner JD. Delivering a media literacy intervention for body dissatisfaction using an app-based intervention: A feasibility and pilot trial. Eat Behav 2023; 50:101770. [PMID: 37329770 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Body dissatisfaction rates continue to remain high, and the consequences remain dire, especially among young women. Traditional media literacy interventions have found success in addressing body image-related constructs, though they are limited in their reach and are often quickly outdated. This study was designed to examine the feasibility and acceptability of delivering a media literacy intervention via ecological momentary intervention. This pilot study tested a media literacy intervention delivered via a smartphone app designed to disrupt the connection between media use and body dissatisfaction. Thirty-seven undergraduate women (Mage = 21.17; SD = 2.20) received a 15-day media literacy intervention through a smartphone application. The primary outcomes were completion rates, retention rates, percentage of data points lost to technological errors, and participant feedback. The secondary outcome was change in body dissatisfaction. The retention and percentage of data points lost to technological errors, alongside participants' ratings, indicated that this intervention is feasible and acceptable. Several targets were identified to increase participant acceptance and potential efficacy of the intervention. Trait body dissatisfaction decreased, though not significantly, following the intervention. State body image satisfaction improved significantly from the first day to the last day of engagement with the app. Overall, the intervention was deemed feasible and acceptable, opening the door for future research in which the intervention and its delivery system are improved, and its efficacy is reexamined. Future digital media literacy interventions should focus on building a user-centered app, further reducing participant burden, and testing efficacy in large and diverse samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L Bennett
- Rudd Center for Food Policy and Health, University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822-2294, USA.
| | - Pallav Pokhrel
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Janet D Latner
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822-2294, USA
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4
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Xiao Y, Liu M, Wu B. The Effect of Social Appearance Anxiety on the Online Impulse Purchases of Fashionable Outfits Among Female College Students During Pandemic Periods: The Mediating Role of Self-Control and the Moderating Role of Subjective Socioeconomic Status. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:303-318. [PMID: 36761413 PMCID: PMC9904223 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s392414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose With the rise of social media, an increasing number of young females have focused more attention on their body image, leading to social appearance anxiety. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate a moderated mediation model of social appearance anxiety and online impulse purchases of fashionable outfits through self-control moderated by subjective socioeconomic status during the pandemic. Methods A total of 1651 female college students (Age = 17-24, Mage = 19.30, SD = 1.14) with more than one month of closed-off management experience completed self-report questionnaires concerning social appearance anxiety, self-control, online impulse purchases of fashionable outfits, and subjective socioeconomic status. Results After controlling for the potential influence of coronavirus stress, the results indicated that social appearance anxiety was positively related to online impulse purchases of fashionable outfits among female college students during the pandemic, mediated by self-control. Furthermore, subjective socioeconomic status moderated the indirect link between social appearance anxiety and the online impulse purchase of fashionable outfits. Specifically, subjective socioeconomic status buffers the negative effect of social appearance anxiety on self-control and the risk effect of low self-control on the online impulse purchases of fashionable outfits. Implications The current study deepens the research on the relationship between social appearance anxiety and online impulse purchases during pandemic periods; meanwhile, it provides evidence for preventing excessive online impulse purchases of fashionable outfits among young females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubei Xiao
- SILC Business School, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 201899, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingfan Liu
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Mingfan Liu, Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13437080905, Email
| | - Biyun Wu
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Srivastava P, Felonis CR, Clancy OM, Wons OB, Abber SR, Juarascio AS. Real-time predictors of body dissatisfaction in females with binge eating: an ecological momentary assessment study. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:1547-1553. [PMID: 34524652 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Body dissatisfaction (BD) is supported as a maintenance factor for eating disorders (EDs) characterized by binge eating (BE). Although it is traditionally conceptualized as a trait construct, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies have shown that it fluctuates within-day and that momentary elevations in BD prospectively predict near-time ED behaviors. However, less is known about the contextual factors that precipitate these fluctuations in BD. METHODS The current study thus sought to examine whether certain internal (i.e., negative affect, shape/weight-related cognitions) and environmental (i.e., attending social events, being exposed to thin-ideal media, spending time on social media) factors prospectively predict momentary elevations in BD in females with BE. Participants (n = 25) completed an EMA protocol over 14 days. RESULTS Data on BD and internal and environmental factors were analyzed using generalized estimating equations. Results showed that (1) greater than one's usual negative affect and shape/weight-related cognitions, and (2) spending time on social media prospectively predicted momentary elevations in BD. Interestingly, attending social events prospectively predicted momentary reductions in BD. CONCLUSION These findings may have important implications for conceptualizing and managing BD to prevent ED behaviors. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II, controlled trial without randomization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paakhi Srivastava
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Sciences (WELL Center), Drexel University, Stratton Hall, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Christina R Felonis
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Sciences (WELL Center), Drexel University, Stratton Hall, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Stratton Hall, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Olivia M Clancy
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Sciences (WELL Center), Drexel University, Stratton Hall, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Stratton Hall, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Olivia B Wons
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Sciences (WELL Center), Drexel University, Stratton Hall, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Stratton Hall, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sophie R Abber
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Sciences (WELL Center), Drexel University, Stratton Hall, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Stratton Hall, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Adrienne S Juarascio
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Sciences (WELL Center), Drexel University, Stratton Hall, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Stratton Hall, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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6
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Sala M, Linde JA, Crosby RD, Pacanowski CR. State body dissatisfaction predicts momentary positive and negative affect but not weight control behaviors: an ecological momentary assessment study. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:1957-1962. [PMID: 33070265 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Body dissatisfaction is ubiquitous in our society and leads to eating disorders. Longitudinal research suggests that higher body dissatisfaction predicts higher negative affect and unhealthy weight control behaviors over time. However, no study has assessed how body dissatisfaction impacts affect and weight control behaviors in the moment. In the current study, we examined the momentary relationships between body dissatisfaction, affect and weight control behaviors using ecological momentary assessment. METHODS Female college students (N = 67) completed measures of state body dissatisfaction, affect, and weight control behaviors across fourteen days using ecological momentary assessment. RESULTS Greater body dissatisfaction significantly predicted lower subsequent positive affect and higher subsequent negative affect, but positive and negative affect did not predict subsequent body dissatisfaction. Daily average body dissatisfaction was not significantly associated with daily engagement in either healthy or unhealthy weight control behaviors. CONCLUSION Short-term negative effects of body dissatisfaction on affect were apparent. Targeting body dissatisfaction may be important for improving affect. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, multiple time series without intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Sala
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer A Linde
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Carly R Pacanowski
- College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, 26 North College Avenue, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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7
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Walker DC, Gorrell S, Hildebrandt T, Anderson DA. Consequences of Repeated Critical Versus Neutral Body Checking in Women With High Shape or Weight Concern. Behav Ther 2021; 52:830-846. [PMID: 34134824 PMCID: PMC8827350 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Body checking is a repeated behavior conducted in an attempt to gain information about one's shape, weight, size, or body composition. Body checking is associated with negative behavioral, emotional, and cognitive outcomes and may maintain body dissatisfaction and eating disorders. The precise function and consequences of body checking remain less well understood. Specifically, immediate and delayed impacts of repeated critical body checking (CBC) have not been determined. The current study randomly assigned 142 young women with high shape/weight concern to daily 10-min CBC, neutral body checking (NBC), or a non-body critical checking (NBCC) comparison condition, examining their immediate and delayed (one-week follow-up) effects on body satisfaction, self-esteem, and negative affect. Multilevel modeling and follow-up planned comparisons found that compared to NBCC, CBC participants' body satisfaction and self-esteem immediately decreased, but negative affect improved from baseline to follow-up. Compared to CBC, NBC participants' self-esteem and negative affect improved immediately, and their self-esteem improved over time compared to NBCC. Over time, all participants' state body satisfaction improved, regardless of condition. Our findings suggest a 10-min CBC session may function differently than typical (harmful) in vivo body checking. However, reasons for this difference are unclear. Additional research is needed to distinguish (harmful) in vivo body checking from CBC procedures such as this and other mirror exposure interventions. Research is needed to examine the effects of varying CBC duration and instructions during body exposure to further clarify mechanisms of change during body exposures.
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8
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Yao S, Larsson H, Norring C, Birgegård A, Lichtenstein P, DʼOnofrio BM, Almqvist C, Thornton LM, Bulik CM, Kuja-Halkola R. Genetic and environmental contributions to diagnostic fluctuation in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Psychol Med 2021; 51:62-69. [PMID: 31658910 PMCID: PMC7856409 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719002976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are two severe eating disorders associated with high premature mortality, suicidal risk and serious medical complications. Transition between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa over the illness course and familial co-aggregation of the two eating disorders imply aetiological overlap. However, genetic and environmental liabilities to the overlap are poorly understood. Quantitative genetic research using clinical diagnosis is needed. METHODS We acquired a clinical diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (prevalence = 0.90%) and bulimia nervosa (prevalence = 0.48%) in a large population-based sample (N = 782 938) of randomly selected full-sisters and maternal half-sisters born in Sweden between 1970 and 2005. Structural equation modelling was applied to quantify heritability of clinically diagnosed anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa and the contributions of genetic and environmental effects on their overlap. RESULTS The heritability of clinically diagnosed anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa was estimated at 43% [95% confidence interval (CI) (36-50%)] and 41% (31-52%), respectively, in the study population, with the remaining variance explained by variance in unique environmental effects. We found statistically significant genetic [0.66, 95% CI (0.49-0.82)] and unique environmental correlations [0.55 (0.43-0.66)] between the two clinically diagnosed eating disorders; and their overlap was about equally explained by genetic and unique environmental effects [co-heritability 47% (35-58%)]. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports shared mechanisms for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa and extends the literature from self-reported behavioural measures to clinical diagnosis. The findings encourage future molecular genetic research on both eating disorders and emphasize clinical vigilance for symptom fluctuation between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Yao
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Claes Norring
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Sweden
| | - Andreas Birgegård
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Sweden
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brian M. DʼOnofrio
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA
| | - Catarina Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura M. Thornton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ralf Kuja-Halkola
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Bottera AR, Kambanis PE, De Young KP. The differential associations of shame and guilt with eating disorder behaviors. Eat Behav 2020; 39:101427. [PMID: 32896681 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Negative affect increases in the hours prior to binge eating (BE), suggesting individuals may use BE to attempt to alleviate experiences of aversive self-awareness, such as shame and guilt. Guilt involves feeling bad about ones behavior and may elicit reparative actions; shame involves feeling bad about oneself and is generally associated with maladaptive behavior. Distinguishing how shame and guilt differentially relate to specific eating disorder (ED) behaviors may inform our understanding of emotional antecedents of ED behaviors and lead to refined treatment and prevention targets. We aimed to distinguish shame and guilt as they relate to BE and self-induced vomiting (SIV). We hypothesized that: (a) shame-proneness and state shame would be uniquely associated with BE, as BE may be used to escape from experiences of shame, and (b) guilt-proneness and state guilt would be positively associated with SIV among individuals who binge eat, as SIV may be used as a reparative action for BE. Participants (N = 347) completed self-report measures assessing guilt, shame, and ED behaviors. Shame-proneness and state shame were uniquely associated with BE and the urge to binge eat, while guilt-proneness and state guilt were not. Contrary to our hypothesis, guilt-proneness and state guilt were not associated with SIV among those who binge eat or endorsed urges to binge eat. These findings suggest that shame and guilt are differentially related to ED behaviors and identify shame specifically as an emotion that may elicit BE. Future research is needed to identify temporal relations between shame and ED behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeline R Bottera
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, United States of America.
| | - P Evelyna Kambanis
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Kyle P De Young
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, United States of America
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10
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Bennett BL, Whisenhunt BL, Hudson DL, Wagner AF, Latner JD, Stefano EC, Beauchamp MT. Examining the impact of social media on mood and body dissatisfaction using ecological momentary assessment. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2020; 68:502-508. [PMID: 30908131 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1583236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To assess the effects of social media consumption on body dissatisfaction and negative affect using ecological momentary assessment, a method of assessment over time in the participants' naturalistic environment. Participants: Woman college students (N = 30) from a large public university participated in the study in Fall 2015. Methods: Participants were contacted via their smartphones five times per day for five days and asked to complete a battery of measures which assessed social media use, body dissatisfaction, and negative affect. Results: Results demonstrated that the number of social media sites visited was a significant predictor of body dissatisfaction while time spent using social media was not. The number of sites visited and time spent on social media were both significant predictors of general negative affect, sadness, and guilt. Conclusions: Results demonstrate the negative impact that social media use can have on body dissatisfaction and negative affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L Bennett
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Brooke L Whisenhunt
- Department of Psychology, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, USA
| | - Danae L Hudson
- Department of Psychology, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, USA
| | - Allison F Wagner
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Janet D Latner
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Emily C Stefano
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Marshall T Beauchamp
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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11
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Wang X, Liu Y, She Y, Gao X. Neural correlates of appearance-based social comparison: The modulating effects of body dissatisfaction and person perspective. Biol Psychol 2019; 144:74-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Hoffmann S, Cortés-García L, Warschburger P. Weight/shape and muscularity concerns and emotional problems in adolescent boys and girls: A cross-lagged panel analysis. J Adolesc 2018; 68:70-77. [PMID: 30041056 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The goal of the present study was to identify the prospective relations between weight/shape and muscularity concerns and emotional problems in adolescents. METHODS Self-report data of 966 German male and female adolescents were analyzed in a cross-lagged panel design. RESULTS Analyses of latent means revealed significant correlations between weight/shape concern and emotional problems as well as between muscularity concern and emotional problems in both genders. Moreover, weight/shape concern predicted emotional problems prospectively, but only in girls. Regarding muscularity concern, we could not find any prospective relation with emotional problems in boys or girls from the general population. CONCLUSIONS It is assumed that as appearance is highly relevant for the self-concept in girls, concerns about the look might promote emotional problems. Thus, weight/shape concern should be addressed in the prevention of emotional problems in adolescent girls, whereas further research is necessary investigating the contribution of muscularity concern in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Cortés-García
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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13
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Allen JL, Mason TB, Stout DM, Rokke PD. Emotion Specific Effects on Attentional Bias Among Women with Shape and Weight Concerns. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-018-9916-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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14
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The effect of self-focused attention and mood on appearance dissatisfaction after mirror-gazing: An experimental study. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2016; 52:38-44. [PMID: 26989833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Self-focused attention is hypothesized to be a maintenance factor in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). The aim of this study was to use an experimental paradigm to test this hypothesis by studying the effect of self-focused attention during mirror-gazing on appearance dissatisfaction. METHODS An experimental group design was used, in which 173 women were randomly allocated to one of three conditions before mirror-gazing for 2 min: (a) external focus of attention, (b) self-focus of attention, and (c) self-focus of attention with a negative mood induction. RESULTS After mirror-gazing, participants across all groups rated themselves as being more dissatisfied with their appearance. In both the self-focus conditions, there was an increase in sadness from pre to post mirror gazing, and there was a significant difference in focus of attention for participants in the self-focused, mood-induced group from pre to post manipulation, suggesting mood induction had more of an effect than focus of attention. LIMITATIONS (1) there was no condition involving an external focus with a negative mood induction, and (2) due to the level of information provided to patients on the nature of the task, we cannot rule out demand characteristics as an influencing factor on our results. CONCLUSIONS Self-focused attention during mirror-gazing may act indirectly to increase appearance dissatisfaction via the effect of negative mood. Further studies are required to establish the relative contribution of self-focused attention and negative mood to increases in appearance dissatisfaction as a function of mirror-gazing.
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Gowey MA, Reiter-Purtill J, Becnel J, Peugh J, Mitchell JE, Zeller MH. Weight-related correlates of psychological dysregulation in adolescent and young adult (AYA) females with severe obesity. Appetite 2016; 99:211-218. [PMID: 26775646 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Severe obesity is the fastest growing pediatric subgroup of excess weight levels. Psychological dysregulation (i.e., impairments in regulating cognitive, emotional, and/or behavioral processes) has been associated with obesity and poorer weight loss outcomes. The present study explored associations of dysregulation with weight-related variables among adolescent and young adult (AYA) females with severe obesity. METHODS Fifty-four AYA females with severe obesity (MBMI = 48.71 kg/m(2); Mage = 18.29, R = 15-21 years; 59.3% White) completed self-report measures of psychological dysregulation and weight-related constructs including meal patterns, problematic eating behaviors, and body and weight dissatisfaction, as non-surgical comparison participants in a multi-site study of adolescent bariatric surgery outcomes. Pearson and bivariate correlations were conducted and stratified by age group to analyze associations between dysregulation subscales (affective, behavioral, cognitive) and weight-related variables. RESULTS Breakfast was the most frequently skipped meal (consumed 3-4 times/week). Eating out was common (4-5 times/week) and mostly occurred at fast-food restaurants. Evening hyperphagia (61.11%) and eating in the absence of hunger (37.04%) were commonly endorsed, while unplanned eating (29.63%), a sense of loss of control over eating (22.22%), eating beyond satiety (22.22%), night eating (12.96%), and binge eating (11.11%) were less common. Almost half of the sample endorsed extreme weight dissatisfaction. Dysregulation was associated with most weight-related attitudes and behaviors of interest in young adults but select patterns emerged for adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of psychological dysregulation are associated with greater BMI, problematic eating patterns and behaviors, and body dissatisfaction in AYA females with severe obesity. These findings have implications for developing novel intervention strategies for severe obesity in AYAs that may have a multidimensional impact on functioning (e.g., psychosocial health, weight loss behaviors).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Gowey
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
| | - Jennifer Reiter-Purtill
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States
| | - Jennifer Becnel
- School of Human Environmental Sciences, Program in Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Arkansas, United States
| | - James Peugh
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States
| | - James E Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, United States
| | - Meg H Zeller
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States
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Mabe AG, Forney KJ, Keel PK. Do you "like" my photo? Facebook use maintains eating disorder risk. Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:516-23. [PMID: 25035882 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social media sites, such as Facebook, merge two factors that influence risk for eating disorders:media and peers. Previous work has identified cross-sectional and temporal associations between Facebook use and disordered eating. This study sought to replicate and extend these findings using an experimental design. METHOD In Study 1, 960 women completed self-report surveys regarding Facebook use and disordered eating. In Study 2, 84 women were randomly assigned to use Facebook or to use an alternate internet site for 20 min. RESULTS More frequent Facebook use was associated with greater disordered eating in a cross-sectional survey. Facebook use was associated with the maintenance of weight/shape concerns and state anxiety compared to an alternate internet activity. DISCUSSION Facebook use may contribute to disordered eating by maintaining risk for eating pathology. As such, targeting Facebook use may be helpful in intervention and prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalise G. Mabe
- Department of Psychology; Florida State University; Tallahassee Florida
| | - K. Jean Forney
- Department of Psychology; Florida State University; Tallahassee Florida
| | - Pamela K. Keel
- Department of Psychology; Florida State University; Tallahassee Florida
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Gratitude buffers the adverse effect of viewing the thin ideal on body dissatisfaction. Body Image 2014; 11:245-50. [PMID: 24958659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Gratitude has robust associations with multiple aspects of well-being. However, little research has explored whether the psychological benefits of gratitude extend to body image. We used a repeated measures experimental design to test whether a brief period of grateful reflection would buffer the adverse effect of exposure to thin-ideal media. Female undergraduates (N=67) completed three sessions one week apart. The conditions were specifically designed to isolate (a) the effects of viewing thin models on body dissatisfaction and (b) the moderating effect of grateful contemplation. Results showed that body dissatisfaction scores were lower for women who engaged in a brief period of grateful contemplation before viewing photographs of thin models than for women who reflected upon life hassles before viewing the same photographs. The magnitude of this decrease depended on BMI. Gratitude offers an innovative direction for future research directed toward helping women to accept their bodies.
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Lucas M, Koff E. The role of impulsivity and of self-perceived attractiveness in impulse buying in women. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2013.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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