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Zhang Q, Yuan Y, Wang B, Gong P, Xiang L. Lysophosphatidic acid regulates implant osseointegration in murine models via YAP. Connect Tissue Res 2025:1-9. [PMID: 39902934 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2025.2459856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2025] [Indexed: 02/06/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a simple bioactive lysophospholipid, has been reported to regulate bone homeostasis and bone remodeling. This study aimed to elucidate the function and intrinsic mechanism of LPA in osseointegration in murine models. METHOD We constructed immediate implant models in murine maxillae. Micro-CT, H&E staining, and PCR assays were performed to evaluate the effects of LPA on osseointegration. Furthermore, Prx1-Cre;Yapf/f mice and Sp7-Cre;Yapf/f mice were generated to investigate the role of YAP on LPA-induced osseointegration. RESULT In this study, we identified that LPA might promote bone deposition on the tissue-implant interface and improve osseointegration. In addition, conditional knockout of YAP from MCSs and pre-osteoblasts blunts LPA-induced osteogenesis and osseointegration in mice. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that LPA-YAP signaling is particularly important to regulate osseointegration, which expands our understanding of LPA and provide the potential of LPA to be used in osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Chen J, Qian Y, Li H, Zuo W, Sun W, Xing D, Zhou X. Lysophosphatidic Acid/Polydopamine-Modified nHA Composite Scaffolds for Enhanced Osteogenesis via Upregulating the Wnt/Beta-Catenin Pathway. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:13466-13480. [PMID: 38445450 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Guided bone regeneration (GBR) technology has been widely used for the regeneration of periodontal bone defects. However, the limited mechanical properties and bone regeneration potential of the currently available GBR membranes often limit their repair effectiveness. In this paper, serum-derived growth factor lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) nanoparticles and dopamine-decorative nanohydroxyapatite (pDA/nHA) particles were double-loaded into polylactic-glycolic acid/polycaprolactone (PLGA/PCL) scaffolds as an organic/inorganic biphase delivery system, namely, PP-pDA/nHA-LPA scaffolds. Physicochemical properties and osteogenic ability in vitro and in vivo were performed. Scanning electron microscopy and mechanical tests showed that the PP-pDA/nHA-LPA scaffolds had a 3D bionic scaffold structure with improved mechanical properties. In vitro cell experiments demonstrated that the PP-pDA/nHA-LPA scaffolds could significantly enhance the attachment, proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells. In vivo, the PP-pDA/nHA-LPA scaffolds exhibited great cytocompatibility and cell recruitment ability in 2- and 4-week subcutaneous implantation experiments and significantly promoted bone regeneration in the periodontal defect scaffold implantation experiment. Moreover, LPA-loaded scaffolds were confirmed to enhance osteogenic activities by upregulating the expression of β-catenin and further activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These results demonstrate that the biphase PP-pDA/nHA-LPA delivery system is a promising material for the GBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
- Center of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunzhu Qian
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
- Center of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zuo
- Center of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Sun
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Danlei Xing
- Center of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
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Lysophosphatidic acid induces proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cell through lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling axis. J Dent Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
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Xing D, Zuo W, Chen J, Ma B, Cheng X, Zhou X, Qian Y. Spatial Delivery of Triple Functional Nanoparticles via an Extracellular Matrix-Mimicking Coaxial Scaffold Synergistically Enhancing Bone Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:37380-37395. [PMID: 35946874 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It remains a major challenge to simultaneously achieve bone regeneration and prevent infection in the complex microenvironment of repairing bone defects. Here, we developed a novel ECM-mimicking scaffold by coaxial electrospinning to be endowed with multibiological functions. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were loaded into the poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid/polycaprolactone (PLGA/PCL, PP) sheath layer of coaxial nanofibers, and deferoxamine (DFO) nanoparticles were loaded into its core layer. The novel scaffold PP-LPA-ZnO/DFO maintained a porous nanofibrous architecture after incorporating three active nanoparticles, showing better physicochemical properties and eximious biocompatibility. In vitro studies showed that the bio-scaffold loaded with LPA nanoparticles had excellent cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation for MC3T3-E1 cells and synergistic osteogenesis with the addition of ZnO and DFO nanoparticles. Further, the PP-LPA-ZnO/DFO scaffold promoted tube formation and facilitated the expression of vascular endothelial markers in HUVECs. In vitro antibacterial studies against Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated effective antibacterial activity of the PP-LPA-ZnO/DFO scaffold. In vivo studies showed that the PP-LPA-ZnO/DFO scaffold exhibited excellent biocompatibility after subcutaneous implantation and remarkable osteogenesis at 4 weeks post-implantation in the mouse alveolar bone defects. Importantly, the PP-LPA-ZnO/DFO scaffold showed significant antibacterial activity, prominent neovascularization, and new bone formation in the rat fenestration defect model. Overall, the spatially sustained release of LPA, ZnO, and DFO nanoparticles through the coaxial scaffold synergistically enhanced biocompatibility, osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and effective antibacterial properties, which is ultimately beneficial for bone regeneration. This project provides the optimized design of bone regenerative biomaterials and a new strategy for bone regeneration, especially in the potentially infected microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlei Xing
- Center of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zuo
- Center of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahong Chen
- Center of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Buyun Ma
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunzhu Qian
- Center of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, People's Republic of China
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Alioli C, Demesmay L, Peyruchaud O, Machuca-Gayet I. Autotaxin/Lysophosphatidic Acid Axis: From Bone Biology to Bone Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073427. [PMID: 35408784 PMCID: PMC8998661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a natural bioactive phospholipid with pleiotropic activities affecting multiple tissues, including bone. LPA exerts its biological functions by binding to G-protein coupled LPA receptors (LPA1-6) to stimulate cell migration, proliferation, and survival. It is largely produced by autotaxin (ATX), a secreted enzyme with lysophospholipase D activity that converts lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) into active LPA. Beyond its enzymatic activity, ATX serves as a docking molecule facilitating the efficient delivery of LPA to its specific cell surface receptors. Thus, LPA effects are the result of local production by ATX in a given tissue or cell type. As a consequence, the ATX/LPA axis should be considered as an entity to better understand their roles in physiology and pathophysiology and to propose novel therapeutic strategies. Herein, we provide not only an extensive overview of the relevance of the ATX/LPA axis in bone cell commitment and differentiation, skeletal development, and bone disorders, but also discuss new working hypotheses emerging from the interplay of ATX/LPA with well-established signaling pathways regulating bone mass.
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6
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Engineered barriers regulate osteoblast cell migration in vertical direction. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4459. [PMID: 35292702 PMCID: PMC8924172 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering cell migration is essential for understanding physiological processes and diseases. The vertical migration of cells in three dimensions is vital, but most previous studies on cell migration have only focused on two-dimensional horizontal migration. In this paper, cell migration in the vertical direction was studied. Barriers with a height of 1, 5, 10, and 25 µm with grating and arrows in channels as guiding patterns were fabricated. The effects of barrier height and guiding patterns on the vertical migration of MC3T3 cells were explored. The study revealed that taller barriers hinder vertical migration of MC3T3 cells, whereas grating and arrows in channels promote it. The time-lapse and micrograph images showed that as the barrier height increased, the cell climbing angle along the barrier sidewall decreased, and the time taken to climb over the barrier increased. These results indicate that taller barriers increase the difficulty of vertical migration by MC3T3 cells. To promote the vertical migration of MC3T3 cells, 10 µm tall barriers with 18° and 40° sloped sidewalls were fabricated. For barriers with 18° sloped sidewalls, the probability for MC3T3 cells to climb up and down the 10 µm tall barriers was 40.6% and 20.3%, respectively; this is much higher than the migration probability over vertical barriers. This study shows topographic guidance on the vertical migration of MC3T3 cells and broadens the understanding of cell migration in the vertical direction.
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Wu XN, Ma YY, Hao ZC, Wang H. [Research progress on the biological regulatory function of lysophosphatidic acid in bone tissue cells]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2020; 38:324-329. [PMID: 32573143 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a small phospholipid that is present in all eukaryotic tissues and blood plasma. As an extracellular signaling molecule, LPA mediates many cellular functions by binding to six known G protein-coupled receptors and activating their downstream signaling pathways. These functions indicate that LPA may play important roles in many biological processes that include organismal development, wound healing, and carcinogenesis. Recently, many studies have found that LPA has various biological effects in different kinds of bone cells. These findings suggest that LPA is a potent regulator of bone development and remodeling and holds promising application potential in bone tissue engineering. Here, we review the recent progress on the biological regulatory function of LPA in bone tissue cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ma
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Hao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Hang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Wu X, Ma Y, Su N, Shen J, Zhang H, Wang H. Lysophosphatidic acid: Its role in bone cell biology and potential for use in bone regeneration. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 143:106335. [PMID: 31054330 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a simple phospholipid that exerts pleiotropic effects on numerous cell types by activating its family of cognate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and participates in many biological processes, including organismal development, wound healing, and carcinogenesis. Bone cells, such as bone marrow mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells (BMSCs), osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts play essential roles in bone homeostasis and repair. Previous studies have identified the presence of specific LPA receptors in these bone cells. In recent years, an increasing number of cellular effects of LPA, such as the induction of cell proliferation, survival, migration, differentiation and cytokine secretion, have been found in different bone cells. Moreover, some biomaterials containing LPA have shown the ability to enhance osteogenesis. This review will focus on findings associated with LPA functions in these bone cells and present current studies related to the application of LPA in bone regenerative medicine. Further understanding this information will help us develop better strategies for bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangnan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Naichuan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiefei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Hang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Chen X, Song Z, Chen R, Tan S, Huang C, Liu Y, Cheng B, Fu Q. Lysophosphatidic acid enhanced the osteogenic and angiogenic capability of osteoblasts via LPA1/3 receptor. Connect Tissue Res 2019; 60:85-94. [PMID: 29447019 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2018.1439485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid is a serum-derived growth factor that is involved in wound healing. Although in its infancy, a growing body of evidence has demonstrated that lysophosphatidic acid exerts a potentially significant role in regulating bone cell biology. However, previous studies mainly focused on the osteoinductive potential of lysophosphatidic acid, its effects on bone tissue vascularization, another essential element during bone regeneration, remains ill-defined so far. Here in this study, we examined the effects of lysophosphatidic acid on osteogenic differentiation as well as the angiogenesis-inducing capacity of pre-osteoblasts, a cell population that coordinates osteogenic and angiogenic processes in bone regenerating niche. Our results showed that treatment of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cells with lysophosphatidic acid enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix mineralization, demonstrating in vitro osteoblastic differentiation. Of particular importance was the finding that vascular endothelial growth factor secretion also increased after lysophosphatidic acid treatment. Lysophosphatidic acid conditioned media of MC3T3-E1 cells was capable of promoting angiogenic behavior of endothelial cells, as evidenced by stimulating proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Besides, inhibition of LPA1/3 receptor abolished lysophosphatidic acid-induced elevation of the osteogenic and angiogenic capability of pre-osteoblasts. Our research demonstrated the important role of lysophosphatidic acid in coupling osteogenesis and angiogenesis during bone remodeling through orchestrating pre-osteoblast behavior, and implications therein for novel and effective treatment strategies for bone regeneration success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Chen
- a Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology , Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Zijun Song
- a Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology , Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Rui Chen
- b Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute , Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Shuyi Tan
- a Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology , Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China.,c The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southern Medical University & Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Chunhuang Huang
- a Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology , Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- d The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Bin Cheng
- a Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology , Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Qiang Fu
- a Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology , Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
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Lysophosphatidic Acid Analogue rather than Lysophosphatidic Acid Promoted the Bone Formation In Vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7537630. [PMID: 30003106 PMCID: PMC5996417 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7537630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive lipid molecule, has recently emerged as physiological and pathophysiological regulator in skeletal biology. Here we evaluate the effects of LPA on bone formation in vivo in murine femoral critical defect model. Primary femoral osteoblasts were isolated and treated with osteogenic induction conditional media supplemented with 20 μM LPA or LPA analogue. Mineralized nodules were visualized by Alizarin Red S staining. Forty-five C57BL/6 mice underwent unilateral osteotomy. The femoral osteotomy gap was filled with porous scaffolds of degradable chitosan/beta-tricalcium phosphate containing PBS, LPA, or LPA analogue. 2, 5, and 10 weeks after surgery, mice were sacrificed and femurs were harvested and prepared for Micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) and histological analysis. Alizarin Red S staining showed that LPA and LPA analogue significantly enhanced the mineral deposition in osteoblasts. Micro-CT 3D reconstruction images and HE staining revealed that significantly more newly formed bone in osteotomy was treated with LPA analogue when compared to control and LPA group, which was verified by histological analysis and biomechanical characterization testing. In summary, our study demonstrated that although LPA promotes mineralized matrix formation in vitro, the locally administrated LPA was not effective in promoting bone formation in vivo. And bone formation was enhanced by LPA analogue, administrated locally in vivo. LPA analogue was a potent stimulating factor for bone formation in vivo due to its excellent stability.
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The effect of lysophosphatidic acid using a hydrogel or collagen sponge carrier on bone healing in dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2017; 29:306-13. [DOI: 10.3415/vcot-15-08-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryObjectives: The purposes of this study were to determine: 1) the efficacy of polycaprolac-tone-g-polyethylene glycol (PCL-g-PEG) and polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA-g-PEG) hydrogels and an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) as carriers for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), 2) the effect of LPA on bone healing in dogs, and 3) the ideal dose of LPA to maximally stimulate bone healing.Methods: Bilateral ulnar ostectomies were performed on purpose bred dogs. Control defects were filled with a PCL-g-PEG or PLGA-g-PEG hydrogel, or a saline soaked ACS. Contralateral defects were filled with a PCL-g-PEG or PLGA-g-PEG hydrogel, or an ACS with each carrying differing concentrations of an LPA solution. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed. Total bone area (TBA), mineral density (BMD), and mineral content (BMC) were determined at each time point. Relationships between the effect of treatment over time on TBA, BMC and BMD were determined.Results: Phase 1 - There was no significant difference in DXA-based TBA (p = 0.09), BMC (p = 0.33), or BMD (p = 0.74) over time between LPA treatments, or between the LPA treated and control groups TBA (p = 0.95), BMC (p = 0.99), or BMD (p = 0.46). Phase 2 - There was no significant difference over time between LPA treatments in DXA-based TBA (p = 0.33), BMC (p = 0.45), or BMD (p = 0.43), or between the LPA treated and control groups TBA (p = 0.94), BMC (p = 0.38), or BMD (p = 0.17). Phase 3 - There was no significant difference over time between LPA treatments in DXA-based TBA (p = 0.78), BMC (p = 0.88), or BMD (p = 0.35), or between the LPA treated and control groups TBA (p = 0.07), BMC (p = 0.85), or BMD (p = 0.06). There was a significant increase in TBA (p <0.0001) and BMC (p = 0.0014), but a significant decrease in BMD (p <0.0001) was noted over time when all groups were combined.Clinical significance: Although LPA has shown promise as an osteoinductive agent in research, its performance as a bone graft substitute, as utilized in this study, is unsupported. Further studies are necessary to determine the incorporation and elution kinetics of LPA from the PLGA-g-PEG hydrogel and from an ACS. Hydrogels may have clinical applications for delaying or preventing bone formation.
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Bosetti M, Borrone A, Leigheb M, Shastri VP, Cannas M. * Injectable Graft Substitute Active on Bone Tissue Regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:1413-1422. [PMID: 28530130 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aim to obtain an injectable bioactive scaffold that can accelerate bone formation in sinus lift augmentation, in bony void and fracture repair, we have developed a three-dimensional (3D) jelly collagen containing lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3). Using an in vitro 3D culture model of bone fracture, we show that the contraction of the collagen gel is mediated by Rho-kinase activation in osteoblasts. The gel contraction showed dependence on cell concentration and was increased by LPA, which favored apposition and fastening of bone fragments approach. LPA was shown to act through actin cytoskeleton reorganization and myosin light chain phosphorylation of human primary osteoblasts (hOB). Moreover, LPA conferred osteoconductive properties as evidenced by the induction of proliferation, differentiation, and migration of hOB. The addition of 1,25D3 did not enhance cell-mediated gel contraction, but stimulated the maturation of hOB in vitro through the production of extracellular matrix of higher quality. On the basis of these observations, the collagen gel enriched with LPA and 1,25D3 described herein can be considered an injectable natural scaffold that allows the migration of cells from the side of bone defect and a promising candidate to accelerate bone growth and fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bosetti
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale , Novara, Italy
| | - Alessia Borrone
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale , Novara, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Leigheb
- 2 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità , Novara, Italy
| | - V Prasad Shastri
- 3 Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mario Cannas
- 4 Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale , Novara, Italy
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Thiel A, Reumann MK, Boskey A, Wischmann J, von Eisenhart-Rothe R, Mayer-Kuckuk P. Osteoblast migration in vertebrate bone. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017. [PMID: 28631442 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone formation, for example during bone remodelling or fracture repair, requires mature osteoblasts to deposit bone with remarkable spatial precision. As osteoblast precursors derive either from circulation or resident stem cell pools, they and their progeny are required to migrate within the three-dimensional bone space and to navigate to their destination, i.e. to the site of bone formation. An understanding of this process is emerging based on in vitro and in vivo studies of several vertebrate species. Receptors on the osteoblast surface mediate cell adhesion and polarization, which induces osteoblast migration. Osteoblast migration is then facilitated along gradients of chemoattractants. The latter are secreted or released proteolytically by several cell types interacting with osteoblasts, including osteoclasts and vascular endothelial cells. The positions of these cellular sources of chemoattractants in relation to the position of the osteoblasts provide the migrating osteoblasts with tracks to their destination, and osteoblasts possess the means to follow a track marked by multiple chemoattractant gradients. In addition to chemotactic cues, osteoblasts sense other classes of signals and utilize them as landmarks for navigation. The composition of the osseous surface guides adhesion and hence migration efficiency and can also provide steering through haptotaxis. Further, it is likely that signals received from surface interactions modulate chemotaxis. Besides the nature of the surface, mechanical signals such as fluid flow may also serve as navigation signals for osteoblasts. Alterations in osteoblast migration and navigation might play a role in metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Thiel
- Bone Cell and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Straße 22, Technical University Munich, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Marie K Reumann
- Siegfried Weller Institute, BG Hospital, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstraße 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Adele Boskey
- Mineralized Tissue Laboratory, Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, U.S.A
| | - Johannes Wischmann
- Bone Cell and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Straße 22, Technical University Munich, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe
- Bone Cell and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Straße 22, Technical University Munich, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Philipp Mayer-Kuckuk
- Bone Cell and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Straße 22, Technical University Munich, 81675 München, Germany
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Wang J, Sun Y, Qu J, Yan Y, Yang Y, Cai H. Roles of LPA receptor signaling in breast cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 16:1103-1111. [PMID: 27644846 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2016.1238763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION LPA and its receptors play an important role in mediating malignant behaviors in various cancers, including breast cancer. Aberrant expression of certain LPA receptors in breast cancer suggested that LPA receptors could be potential biomarkers in understanding malignant growth patterns of breast cancer. Further research considering molecular mechanisms for LPA receptors will contribute to new methods of malignant breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. Areas covered: Accumulating studies have indicated that LPA receptors correlated to proliferation, invasion, migration and metastasis both in vivo and in vitro. In this manuscript, we have reviewed LPA receptors expressions and LPA mediated biological behaviors in cell lines, mouse models and patients and their potential molecular pathways. Expert commentary: LPA receptors could be applied in early diagnosis, survival rate prediction, metastasis probability and potential treatment targets. However, further studies are required to clarify the upstream and downstream molecular mechanisms of LPA receptors in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhao Wang
- a The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Yuchen Sun
- b Department of Radiation Oncology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Jingkun Qu
- a The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Yan Yan
- a The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Ya Yang
- c Department iii of Radiation Oncology, 2 Comprehensive Thermal Therapy Center , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , P.R. China
| | - Hui Cai
- d The Department of Vascular Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China
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YU ZILI, LI DIANQI, HUANG XIANGYU, XING XIN, YU RUQING, LI ZHI, LI ZUBING. Lysophosphatidic acid upregulates connective tissue growth factor expression in osteoblasts through the GPCR/PKC and PKA pathways. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:468-74. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Wong A, Loots GG, Yellowley CE, Dosé AC, Genetos DC. Parathyroid hormone regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor signaling in osteoblastic cells. Bone 2015; 81:97-103. [PMID: 26151122 PMCID: PMC4641015 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoblasts perceive and respond to changes in their pericellular environment, including biophysical signals and oxygen availability, to elicit an anabolic or catabolic response. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) affects each arm of skeletal remodeling, with net anabolic or catabolic effects dependent upon duration of exposure. Similarly, the capacity of osteoblastic cells to perceive pericellular oxygen has a profound effect on skeletal mass and architecture, as mice expressing stable hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and -2α demonstrate age-dependent increases in bone volume per tissue volume and osteoblast number. Further, HIF levels and signaling can be influenced in an oxygen-independent manner. Because the cellular mechanisms involved in PTH regulation of the skeleton remain vague, we sought whether PTH could influence HIF-1α expression and HIF-α-driven luciferase activity independently of altered oxygen availability. Using UMR106.01 mature osteoblasts, we observed that 100nM hPTH(1-34) decreased HIF-1α and HIF-responsive luciferase activity in a process involving heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and cyclic AMP but not intracellular calcium. Altering activity of the small GTPase RhoA and its effector kinase ROCK altered HIF-α-driven luciferase activity in the absence and presence of PTH. Taken together, these data introduce PTH as a regulator of oxygen-independent HIF-1α levels through a mechanism involving cyclic AMP, Hsp90, and the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Wong
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gabriela G Loots
- Biology and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA; School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Clare E Yellowley
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Andréa C Dosé
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Damian C Genetos
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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Binder BYK, Williams PA, Silva EA, Leach JK. Lysophosphatidic Acid and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate: A Concise Review of Biological Function and Applications for Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 21:531-42. [PMID: 26035484 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The presentation and controlled release of bioactive signals to direct cellular growth and differentiation represents a widely used strategy in tissue engineering. Historically, work in this field has primarily focused on the delivery of large cytokines and growth factors, which can be costly to manufacture and difficult to deliver in a sustained manner. There has been a marked increase over the past decade in the pursuit of lipid mediators due to their wide range of effects over multiple cell types, low cost, and ease of scale-up. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are two bioactive lysophospholipids (LPLs) that have gained attention for use as pharmacological agents in tissue engineering applications. While these lipids can have similar effects on cellular response, they possess distinct chemical backbones, mechanisms of synthesis and degradation, and signaling pathways using a discrete set of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). LPA and S1P predominantly act extracellularly on their GPCRs and can directly regulate cell survival, differentiation, cytokine secretion, proliferation, and migration--each of the important functions that must be considered in regenerative medicine. In addition to these potent physiological functions, these LPLs play pivotal roles in a number of pathophysiological processes. To capitalize on the promise of these molecules in tissue engineering, these lipids have been incorporated into biomaterials for in vivo delivery. Here, we survey the effects of LPA and S1P on both cellular- and tissue-level phenotypes, with an eye toward regulating stem/progenitor cell growth and differentiation. In particular, we examine work that has translational applications for cell-based tissue engineering strategies in promoting cell survival, bone and cartilage engineering, and therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Y K Binder
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, Davis, California
| | - Priscilla A Williams
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, Davis, California
| | - Eduardo A Silva
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, Davis, California
| | - J Kent Leach
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, Davis, California.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California , Davis, Sacramento, California
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During A, Penel G, Hardouin P. Understanding the local actions of lipids in bone physiology. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 59:126-46. [PMID: 26118851 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The adult skeleton is a metabolically active organ system that undergoes continuous remodeling to remove old and/or stressed bone (resorption) and replace it with new bone (formation) in order to maintain a constant bone mass and preserve bone strength from micro-damage accumulation. In that remodeling process, cellular balances--adipocytogenesis/osteoblastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis/osteoclastogenesis--are critical and tightly controlled by many factors, including lipids as discussed in the present review. Interest in the bone lipid area has increased as a result of in vivo evidences indicating a reciprocal relationship between bone mass and marrow adiposity. Lipids in bones are usually assumed to be present only in the bone marrow. However, the mineralized bone tissue itself also contains small amounts of lipids which might play an important role in bone physiology. Fatty acids, cholesterol, phospholipids and several endogenous metabolites (i.e., prostaglandins, oxysterols) have been purported to act on bone cell survival and functions, the bone mineralization process, and critical signaling pathways. Thus, they can be regarded as regulatory molecules important in bone health. Recently, several specific lipids derived from membrane phospholipids (i.e., sphingosine-1-phosphate, lysophosphatidic acid and different fatty acid amides) have emerged as important mediators in bone physiology and the number of such molecules will probably increase in the near future. The present paper reviews the current knowledge about: (1°) bone lipid composition in both bone marrow and mineralized tissue compartments, and (2°) local actions of lipids on bone physiology in relation to their metabolism. Understanding the roles of lipids in bone is essential to knowing how an imbalance in their signaling pathways might contribute to bone pathologies, such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandrine During
- Université Lille 2, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des maladies osseuses inflammatoires (PMOI), EA4490, Faculté de Chirurgie dentaire, Lille, France.
| | - Guillaume Penel
- Université Lille 2, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des maladies osseuses inflammatoires (PMOI), EA4490, Faculté de Chirurgie dentaire, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Hardouin
- Université Lille 2, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des maladies osseuses inflammatoires (PMOI), EA4490, Faculté de Chirurgie dentaire, Lille, France; Université ULCO, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des maladies osseuses inflammatoires (PMOI), EA4490, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
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Kihara Y, Maceyka M, Spiegel S, Chun J. Lysophospholipid receptor nomenclature review: IUPHAR Review 8. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:3575-94. [PMID: 24602016 PMCID: PMC4128058 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophospholipids encompass a diverse range of small, membrane-derived phospholipids that act as extracellular signals. The signalling properties are mediated by 7-transmembrane GPCRs, constituent members of which have continued to be identified after their initial discovery in the mid-1990s. Here we briefly review this class of receptors, with a particular emphasis on their protein and gene nomenclatures that reflect their cognate ligands. There are six lysophospholipid receptors that interact with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA): protein names LPA1 - LPA6 and italicized gene names LPAR1-LPAR6 (human) and Lpar1-Lpar6 (non-human). There are five sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors: protein names S1P1 -S1P5 and italicized gene names S1PR1-S1PR5 (human) and S1pr1-S1pr5 (non-human). Recent additions to the lysophospholipid receptor family have resulted in the proposed names for a lysophosphatidyl inositol (LPI) receptor - protein name LPI1 and gene name LPIR1 (human) and Lpir1 (non-human) - and three lysophosphatidyl serine receptors - protein names LyPS1 , LyPS2 , LyPS3 and gene names LYPSR1-LYPSR3 (human) and Lypsr1-Lypsr3 (non-human) along with a variant form that does not appear to exist in humans that is provisionally named LyPS2L . This nomenclature incorporates previous recommendations from the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, the Human Genome Organization, the Gene Nomenclature Committee, and the Mouse Genome Informatix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Kihara
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research InstituteLa Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Maceyka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VA, USA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VA, USA
| | - Jerold Chun
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research InstituteLa Jolla, CA, USA
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Yung YC, Stoddard NC, Chun J. LPA receptor signaling: pharmacology, physiology, and pathophysiology. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1192-214. [PMID: 24643338 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r046458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 530] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a small ubiquitous lipid found in vertebrate and nonvertebrate organisms that mediates diverse biological actions and demonstrates medicinal relevance. LPA's functional roles are driven by extracellular signaling through at least six 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are named LPA1-6 and signal through numerous effector pathways activated by heterotrimeric G proteins, including Gi/o, G12/13, Gq, and Gs LPA receptor-mediated effects have been described in numerous cell types and model systems, both in vitro and in vivo, through gain- and loss-of-function studies. These studies have revealed physiological and pathophysiological influences on virtually every organ system and developmental stage of an organism. These include the nervous, cardiovascular, reproductive, and pulmonary systems. Disturbances in normal LPA signaling may contribute to a range of diseases, including neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, pain, cardiovascular disease, bone disorders, fibrosis, cancer, infertility, and obesity. These studies underscore the potential of LPA receptor subtypes and related signaling mechanisms to provide novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun C Yung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Nicole C Stoddard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Jerold Chun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
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Hwang YS, Ma GT, Park KK, Chung WY. Lysophosphatidic acid stimulates osteoclast fusion through OC-STAMP and P2X7 receptor signaling. J Bone Miner Metab 2014; 32:110-22. [PMID: 23624721 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-013-0470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Bone is continuously remodeled by bone formation and resorption, and cooperative bone metabolism is precisely regulated to maintain homeostasis. Osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone resorption, are differentiated through multiple steps that include cell fusion at the last step of differentiation, yielding multinuclear cells. However, the factors involved in and the precise mechanism of cell fusion are still unknown. To determine the molecules involved in osteoclast fusion, we examined the effect of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), which has been reported to participate in the progression of cancer bone metastasis. LPA had no effect on osteoclast formation and bone resorption under receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) conditions, whereas LPA stimulated osteoclast fusion, thereby causing increased osteoclast diameter and bone resorptive capacity under a RANKL-limited condition. This result encouraged us to assess what molecules are needed for LPA-stimulated osteoclast fusion. Interestingly, LPA stimulated osteoclast stimulatory transmembrane protein (OC-STAMP) and P2X7 receptor mRNA expression during osteoclast fusion under a RANKL limiting condition. siRNA-induced OC-STAMP or P2X7 receptor knockdown significantly suppressed the LPA-stimulated increase in osteoclast diameter and bone resorptive capacity in differentiating cultures. Using cyclosporin A as an inhibitor, we revealed that NF-ATc1 directly regulates OC-STAMP and P2X7 receptor expression during LPA-stimulated osteoclast fusion. These results suggest that LPA is a critical regulator of osteoclast fusion by inducing the OC-STAMP and P2X7 receptor. Therefore, LPA signaling might be useful to help understand their effects on osteoclast formation and as a therapeutic target for patients with pathologically increased osteoclast formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sun Hwang
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Eulji University, 212 Yangji-dong, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, 461-713, Republic of Korea,
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Binder BYK, Sondergaard CS, Nolta JA, Leach JK. Lysophosphatidic acid enhances stromal cell-directed angiogenesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82134. [PMID: 24312635 PMCID: PMC3846884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic diseases such as peripheral vascular disease (PVD) affect more than 15% of the general population and in severe cases result in ulcers, necrosis, and limb loss. While the therapeutic delivery of growth factors to promote angiogenesis has been widely investigated, large-scale implementation is limited by strategies to effectively deliver costly recombinant proteins. Multipotent adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC) and progenitor cells from other tissue compartments secrete bioactive concentrations of angiogenic molecules, making cell-based strategies for in situ delivery of angiogenic cytokines an exciting alternative to the use of recombinant proteins. Here, we show that the phospholipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) synergistically improves the proangiogenic effects of ASC in ischemia. We found that LPA upregulates angiogenic growth factor production by ASC under two- and three-dimensional in vitro models of serum deprivation and hypoxia (SD/H), and that these factors significantly enhance endothelial cell migration. The concurrent delivery of LPA and ASC in fibrin gels significantly improves vascularization in a murine critical hindlimb ischemia model compared to LPA or ASC alone, thus exhibiting the translational potential of this method. Furthermore, these results are achieved using an inexpensive lipid molecule, which is orders-of-magnitude less costly than recombinant growth factors that are under investigation for similar use. Our results demonstrate a novel strategy for enhancing cell-based strategies for therapeutic angiogenesis, with significant applications for treating ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Y. K. Binder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Claus S. Sondergaard
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Jan A. Nolta
- Departments of Hematology/Oncology, Cell Biology and Human Anatomy and Stem Cell Program, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - J. Kent Leach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Phospholipases of mineralization competent cells and matrix vesicles: roles in physiological and pathological mineralizations. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:5036-129. [PMID: 23455471 PMCID: PMC3634480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14035036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review aims to systematically and critically analyze the current knowledge on phospholipases and their role in physiological and pathological mineralization undertaken by mineralization competent cells. Cellular lipid metabolism plays an important role in biological mineralization. The physiological mechanisms of mineralization are likely to take place in tissues other than in bones and teeth under specific pathological conditions. For instance, vascular calcification in arteries of patients with renal failure, diabetes mellitus or atherosclerosis recapitulates the mechanisms of bone formation. Osteoporosis—a bone resorbing disease—and rheumatoid arthritis originating from the inflammation in the synovium are also affected by cellular lipid metabolism. The focus is on the lipid metabolism due to the effects of dietary lipids on bone health. These and other phenomena indicate that phospholipases may participate in bone remodelling as evidenced by their expression in smooth muscle cells, in bone forming osteoblasts, chondrocytes and in bone resorbing osteoclasts. Among various enzymes involved, phospholipases A1 or A2, phospholipase C, phospholipase D, autotaxin and sphingomyelinase are engaged in membrane lipid remodelling during early stages of mineralization and cell maturation in mineralization-competent cells. Numerous experimental evidences suggested that phospholipases exert their action at various stages of mineralization by affecting intracellular signaling and cell differentiation. The lipid metabolites—such as arachidonic acid, lysophospholipids, and sphingosine-1-phosphate are involved in cell signaling and inflammation reactions. Phospholipases are also important members of the cellular machinery engaged in matrix vesicle (MV) biogenesis and exocytosis. They may favour mineral formation inside MVs, may catalyse MV membrane breakdown necessary for the release of mineral deposits into extracellular matrix (ECM), or participate in hydrolysis of ECM. The biological functions of phospholipases are discussed from the perspective of animal and cellular knockout models, as well as disease implications, development of potent inhibitors and therapeutic interventions.
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Morishige J, Uto Y, Hori H, Satouchi K, Yoshiomoto T, Tokumura A. Lysophosphatidic acid produced by hen egg white lysophospholipase D induces vascular development on extraembryonic membranes. Lipids 2013; 48:251-62. [PMID: 23381130 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3765-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (lysoPtdOH), a lysophospholipid mediator, exerts diverse physiological effects, including angiogenesis, through its specific G-protein-coupled receptors. Previously, we showed that unfertilized hen egg white contains polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich lysoPtdOH and lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD). Here, we examined whether lysoPtdOH was produced by lysoPLD in the presence and absence of a hen fertilized ovum and what the physiological role of lysoPtdOH in hen egg white is. Mass spectrometry showed that fertilized hen egg white contained about 8 μM lysoPtdOH before incubation with an ovum, mainly comprised of 18:1- (12.6 %), 18:2- (37.8 %) and 20:4-molecular species (41.5 %). In an early gestation period, the lysoPtdOH was increased up to 9.6 μM, concomitant with a decrease in the level of polyunsaturated lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPtdCho). Moreover, lysoPtdOH-degrading activities were found in egg white and the vitelline membrane, showing that these enzymes control lysoPtdOH levels in egg white. In an egg yolk angiogenesis assay, two lysoPtdOH receptor antagonists, Ki16425 and N-palmitoyl serine phosphoric acid (NASP), inhibited blood vessel formation induced by exogenously added 18:1-lysoPtdOH and its precursor lysoPtdCho on the hen yolk sac. Ki16425 and NASP also inhibited blood vessel formation in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Furthermore, the relatively higher levels of LPA₁, LPA₂, LPA₄ and LPA₆ mRNA were present in the yolk sac and CAM. These results suggest that lysoPtdOH produced from lysoPtdCho by the action of lysoPLD in hen egg white is involved in the formation of blood vessel networks through several lysoPtdOH receptors on various extraembryonic membranes, including the yolk sac membrane and CAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Morishige
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
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Peyruchaud O, Leblanc R, David M. Pleiotropic activity of lysophosphatidic acid in bone metastasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:99-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Tanabe E, Kitayoshi M, Yoshikawa K, Shibata A, Honoki K, Fukushima N, Tsujiuchi T. Loss of lysophosphatidic acid receptor-3 suppresses cell migration activity of human sarcoma cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2012; 32:328-34. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2012.738689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Salles JP, Laurencin-Dalicieux S, Conte-Auriol F, Briand-Mésange F, Gennero I. Bone defects in LPA receptor genetically modified mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1831:93-8. [PMID: 22867754 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
LPA and LPA(1) have been shown to increase osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation as well as activation of osteoclasts. Cell and animal model studies have suggested that LPA is produced by bone cells and bone tissues. We obtained data from invalidated mice which support the hypothesis that LPA(1) is involved in bone development by promoting osteogenesis. LPA(1)-invalidated mice demonstrate growth and sternal and costal abnormalities, which highlights the specific roles of LPA(1) during bone development. Microcomputed tomography and histological analysis demonstrate osteoporosis in the trabecular and cortical bone of LPA(1)-invalidated mice. Moreover, bone marrow mesenchymal progenitors from these mice displayed decreased osteoblastic differentiation. Infrared analysis did not indicate osteomalacia in the bone tissue of LPA(1)-invalidated mice. LPA(1) displays opposite effects to LPA(4) on the related G proteins G(i) and G(s), responsible for decrease and increase of the cAMP level respectively, which itself is essential to the control of osteoblastic differentiation. The opposite effects of LPA(1) and LPA(4) during osteoblastic differentiation support the possibility that new pharmacological agents derived from the LPA pathways could be found and used in clinical practice to positively influence bone formation and treat osteoporosis. The paracrine effect of LPA is potentially modulated by its concentration in bone tissues, which may result from various intracellular and extracellular pathways. The relevance of LPA(1) in bone remodeling, as a receptor able to influence both osteoblast and osteoclast activity, still deserves further clarification. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Advances in Lysophospholipid Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Pierre Salles
- Unité d'Endocrinologie, Maladies Osseuses, Gynécologie et Génétique, Hôpital des Enfants, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
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29
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Lin G, Cosimbescu L, Karin NJ, Tarasevich BJ. Injectable and thermosensitive PLGA-g-PEG hydrogels containing hydroxyapatite: preparation, characterization and
in vitro
release behavior. Biomed Mater 2012; 7:024107. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/7/2/024107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Blackburn J, Mansell JP. The emerging role of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in skeletal biology. Bone 2012; 50:756-62. [PMID: 22193551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is the simplest signalling lipid eliciting pleiotropic actions upon most mammalian cell types. Although LPA has an established role in many biological processes, particularly wound healing and cancer, the participation of LPA in skeletal biology is just beginning to emerge. Early studies, identified in this review, gave a solid indication that LPA, via binding to one of several cell surface receptors, activated multiple intracellular systems culminating in altered cell morphology, growth, motility and survival. More recently the ablation of murine LPA1 and 4 receptors implies that this lipid has a role in skeletal development and post natal bone accrual. Greater understanding of the ability of LPA to influence, for example, osteoblast growth, maturation and survival could be advantageous in developing novel strategies aimed at improving skeletal tissue repair and regeneration. Herein this review provides an insight into the diversity of studies exploring the actions of a small lipid on those major cell types key to skeletal tissue health and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Blackburn
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Avon Orthopaedic Centre, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
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31
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Polymorphisms in the P2X7 receptor gene are associated with low lumbar spine bone mineral density and accelerated bone loss in post-menopausal women. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 20:559-64. [PMID: 22234152 PMCID: PMC3330223 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2011.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor gene (P2RX7) is highly polymorphic with five previously described loss-of-function (LOF) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP; c.151+1G>T, c.946G>A, c.1096C>G, c.1513A>C and c.1729T>A) and one gain-of-function SNP (c.489C>T). The purpose of this study was to determine whether the functional P2RX7 SNPs are associated with lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD), a key determinant of vertebral fracture risk, in post-menopausal women. We genotyped 506 post-menopausal women from the Aberdeen Prospective Osteoporosis Screening Study (APOSS) for the above SNPs. Lumbar spine BMD was measured at baseline and at 6–7 year follow-up. P2RX7 genotyping was performed by homogeneous mass extension. We found association of c.946A (p.Arg307Gln) with lower LS-BMD at baseline (P=0.004, β=−0.12) and follow-up (P=0.002, β=−0.13). Further analysis showed that a combined group of subjects who had LOF SNPs (n=48) had nearly ninefold greater annualised percent change in LS-BMD than subjects who were wild type at the six SNP positions (n=84; rate of loss=−0.94%/year and −0.11%/year, respectively, P=0.0005, unpaired t-test). This is the first report that describes association of the c.946A (p.Arg307Gln) LOF SNP with low LS-BMD, and that other LOF SNPs, which result in reduced or no function of the P2X7 receptor, may contribute to accelerated bone loss. Certain polymorphic variants of P2RX7 may identify women at greater risk of developing osteoporosis.
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Gennero I, Laurencin-Dalicieux S, Conte-Auriol F, Briand-Mésange F, Laurencin D, Rue J, Beton N, Malet N, Mus M, Tokumura A, Bourin P, Vico L, Brunel G, Oreffo ROC, Chun J, Salles JP. Absence of the lysophosphatidic acid receptor LPA1 results in abnormal bone development and decreased bone mass. Bone 2011; 49:395-403. [PMID: 21569876 PMCID: PMC3697734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lipid mediator that acts in paracrine systems via interaction with a subset of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). LPA promotes cell growth and differentiation, and has been shown to be implicated in a variety of developmental and pathophysiological processes. At least 6 LPA GPCRs have been identified to date: LPA1-LPA6. Several studies have suggested that local production of LPA by tissues and cells contributes to paracrine regulation, and a complex interplay between LPA and its receptors, LPA1 and LPA4, is believed to be involved in the regulation of bone cell activity. In particular, LPA1 may activate both osteoblasts and osteoclasts. However, its role has not as yet been examined with regard to the overall status of bone in vivo. We attempted to clarify this role by defining the bone phenotype of LPA1((-/-)) mice. These mice demonstrated significant bone defects and low bone mass, indicating that LPA1 plays an important role in osteogenesis. The LPA1((-/-)) mice also presented growth and sternal and costal abnormalities, which highlights the specific roles of LPA1 during bone development. Microcomputed tomography and histological analysis demonstrated osteoporosis in the trabecular and cortical bone of LPA1((-/-)) mice. Finally, bone marrow mesenchymal progenitors from these mice displayed decreased osteoblastic differentiation. These results suggest that LPA1 strongly influences bone development both qualitatively and quantitatively and that, in vivo, its absence results in decreased osteogenesis with no clear modification of osteoclasis. They open perspectives for a better understanding of the role of the LPA/LPA1 paracrine pathway in bone pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Gennero
- INSERM Unité 1043 (Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan), Université Paul-Sabatier, Hôpital Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
- Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
- Corresponding authors at: INSERM Unité 1043 (Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan), Bâtiment C, Hôpital Purpan, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France. Fax:+33 5 62 74 86 50
| | - Sara Laurencin-Dalicieux
- INSERM Unité 1043 (Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan), Université Paul-Sabatier, Hôpital Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul-Sabatier, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Françoise Conte-Auriol
- INSERM Unité 1043 (Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan), Université Paul-Sabatier, Hôpital Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
- Endocrine and Bone Diseases Unit, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Fabienne Briand-Mésange
- INSERM Unité 1043 (Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan), Université Paul-Sabatier, Hôpital Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Danielle Laurencin
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier, UMR 5253, CNRS-UM2-ENSCM-UM1, Université Montpellier 2, CC1701, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jackie Rue
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul-Sabatier, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Beton
- INSERM Unité 1043 (Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan), Université Paul-Sabatier, Hôpital Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Nicole Malet
- INSERM Unité 1043 (Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan), Université Paul-Sabatier, Hôpital Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Marianne Mus
- INSERM Unité 1043 (Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan), Université Paul-Sabatier, Hôpital Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
- Endocrine and Bone Diseases Unit, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Akira Tokumura
- Department of Health Chemistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Philippe Bourin
- Etablissement Français du Sang Pyrénées-Méditerranée, 75 Rue de Lisieux, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Vico
- Université de Lyon, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France
- INSERM U890/IFR143, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Gérard Brunel
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paul-Sabatier, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Richard O. C. Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton Medical School, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jerold Chun
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., ICND-118, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jean Pierre Salles
- INSERM Unité 1043 (Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan), Université Paul-Sabatier, Hôpital Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
- Endocrine and Bone Diseases Unit, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
- Corresponding authors at: INSERM Unité 1043 (Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan), Bâtiment C, Hôpital Purpan, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France. Fax:+33 5 62 74 86 50
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Waters KM, Jacobs JM, Gritsenko MA, Karin NJ. Regulation of gene expression and subcellular protein distribution in MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells by lysophosphatidic acid: Relevance to dendrite outgrowth. Bone 2011; 48:1328-35. [PMID: 21356339 PMCID: PMC3095666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Osteoblastic and osteocytic cells are highly responsive to the lipid growth factor lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) but the mechanisms by which LPA alters bone cell functions are largely unknown. A major effect of LPA on osteocytic cells is the stimulation of dendrite membrane outgrowth, a process that we predicted to require changes in gene expression and protein distribution. We employed DNA microarrays for global transcriptional profiling of MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells grown for 6 and 24h in the presence or absence of LPA. We identified 932 transcripts that displayed statistically significant changes in abundance of at least 1.25-fold in response to LPA treatment. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that the regulated gene products were linked to diverse cellular processes, including DNA repair, response to unfolded protein, ossification, protein-RNA complex assembly, and amine biosynthesis. Gene products associated with the regulation of actin microfilament dynamics displayed the most robust expression changes, and LPA-induced dendritogenesis in vitro was blocked by the stress fiber inhibitor cytochalasin D. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of MLO-Y4 cells revealed significant LPA-induced changes in the abundance of 284 proteins at 6h and 844 proteins at 24h. GO analysis of the proteomic data linked the effects of LPA to cell processes that control of protein distribution and membrane outgrowth, including protein localization, protein complex assembly, Golgi vesicle transport, cytoskeleton-dependent transport, and membrane invagination/endocytosis. Dendrites were isolated from LPA-treated MLO-Y4 cells and subjected to proteomic analysis to quantitatively assess the subcellular distribution of proteins. Sets of 129 and 36 proteins were enriched in the dendrite fraction as compared to whole cells after 6h and 24h of LPA exposure, respectively. Protein markers indicated that membranous organelles were largely excluded from the dendrites. Highly represented among the proteins with elevated abundances in dendrites were molecules that regulate cytoskeletal function, cell motility and membrane adhesion. Our combined transcriptomic/proteomic analysis of the response of MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells to LPA indicates that dendritogenesis is a membrane- and cytoskeleton-driven process with actin dynamics playing a particularly critical role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M. Waters
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA 99352, USA
| | - Jon M. Jacobs
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Marina A. Gritsenko
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Norman J. Karin
- Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA 99352, USA
- Corresponding author: Norman J. Karin, Ph.D., Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, J4-02, Richland, WA 99352, Tel: (509) 371-7303, Fax: (509) 371-7304,
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34
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Mansell JP, Nowghani M, Pabbruwe M, Paterson IC, Smith AJ, Blom AW. Lysophosphatidic acid and calcitriol co-operate to promote human osteoblastogenesis: requirement of albumin-bound LPA. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2011; 95:45-52. [PMID: 21664483 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a pleiotropic signalling lipid is assuming growing significance in osteoblast biology. Although committed osteoblasts from several mammalian species are receptive to LPA far less is known about the potential for LPA to influence osteoblast formation from their mesenchymal progenitors. An essential factor for both bone development and post-natal bone growth and homeostasis is the active metabolite of vitamin D3, calcitriol (D3). Previously we reported how a combination of LPA and D3 synergistically co-operated to enhance the differentiation of immature human osteoblasts. Herein we provide evidence for the formation of human osteoblasts from multiple, primary human bone marrow derived stromal (stem) cells (hBMSCs). Importantly osteoblast development from hBMSCs only occurred when LPA was administered as a complex with albumin, its natural carrier. Collectively our findings support a co-operative role of LPA and D3 in osteoblastogenesis, findings which may aid the development of novel treatment strategies for bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Mansell
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Avon Orthopaedic Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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35
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Genetos DC, Karin NJ, Geist DJ, Donahue HJ, Duncan RL. Purinergic signaling is required for fluid shear stress-induced NF-κB translocation in osteoblasts. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:737-44. [PMID: 21237152 PMCID: PMC3049820 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fluid shear stress regulates gene expression in osteoblasts, in part by activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. We examined whether this process was under the control of purinoceptor activation. MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts under static conditions expressed the NF-κB inhibitory protein IκBα and exhibited cytosolic localization of NF-κB. Under fluid shear stress, IκBα levels decreased, and concomitant nuclear localization of NF-κB was observed. Cells exposed to fluid shear stress in ATP-depleted medium exhibited no significant reduction in IκBα, and NF-κB remained within the cytosol. Similar results were found using oxidized ATP or Brilliant Blue G, P2X(7) receptor antagonists, indicating that the P2X(7) receptor is responsible for fluid shear-stress-induced IκBα degradation and nuclear accumulation of NF-κB. Pharmacologic blockage of the P2Y6 receptor also prevented shear-induced IκBα degradation. These phenomena involved neither ERK1/2 signaling nor autocrine activation by P2X(7)-generated lysophosphatidic acid. Our results suggest that fluid shear stress regulates NF-κB activity through the P2Y(6) and P2X(7) receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian C Genetos
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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36
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Tanikawa T, Kurohane K, Imai Y. Regulatory effect of lysophosphatidic acid on lymphocyte migration. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:204-8. [PMID: 20118541 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lipid mediator that is known to exhibit chemotactic activity toward a variety of cancer cells. However, its effect on the immune system has not been studied extensively. Another lipid mediator, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), has been shown to influence lymphocyte recirculation by regulating lymphocyte egress from lymphoid organs. In this study, we found that LPA inhibits spontaneous migration of mouse splenic lymphocytes through a chemorepulsive effect. We also demonstrated that LPA inhibits chemokine CCL21-induced lymphocyte migration. This inhibitory effect on CCL21-induced migration was observed for both T and B cells. The involvement of a receptor, LPA(1), LPA(2) or LPA(3), in the inhibition of the CCL21-induced migration was confirmed with a synthetic agonist, oleyl thiophosphate. Considering that the signaling by CCL21 through cognate receptor CCR7 contributes to lymphocyte homing and dendritic cell trafficking to lymph nodes, LPA may play a role as a key regulator of these processes. The inhibitory effect of LPA is in remarkable contrast to the effect of S1P receptor signaling, which is known to potentiate lymphocyte chemotaxis involving CCR7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tanikawa
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology and the Global COE Program, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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37
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Liu YB, Kharode Y, Bodine PVN, Yaworsky PJ, Robinson JA, Billiard J. LPA induces osteoblast differentiation through interplay of two receptors: LPA1 and LPA4. J Cell Biochem 2010; 109:794-800. [PMID: 20069565 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The bioactive phospholipid, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), acting through at least five distinct receptors LPA1-LPA5, plays important roles in numerous biological processes. Here we report that LPA induces osteoblastic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells hMSC-TERT. We find that hMSC-TERT mostly express two LPA receptors, LPA1 and LPA4, and undergo osteoblastic differentiation in serum-containing medium. Inhibition of LPA1 with Ki16425 completely abrogates osteogenesis, indicating that this process is mediated by LPA in the serum through activation of LPA1. In contrast to LPA1, down-regulation of LPA4 expression with shRNA significantly increases osteogenesis, suggesting that this receptor normally exerts negative effects on differentiation. Mechanistically, we find that in hMSC-TERT, LPA induces a rise in both cAMP and Ca(2+). The rise in Ca(2+) is completely abolished by Ki16425, whereas LPA-mediated cAMP increase is not sensitive to Ki16425. To test if LPA signaling pathways controlling osteogenesis in vitro translate into animal physiology, we evaluated the bones of LPA4-deficient mice. Consistent with the ability of LPA4 to inhibit osteoblastic differentiation of stem cells, LPA4-deficient mice have increased trabecular bone volume, number, and thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Bin Liu
- Tissue Repair, Pfizer, Inc., Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
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38
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Lapierre DM, Tanabe N, Pereverzev A, Spencer M, Shugg RPP, Dixon SJ, Sims SM. Lysophosphatidic acid signals through multiple receptors in osteoclasts to elevate cytosolic calcium concentration, evoke retraction, and promote cell survival. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:25792-801. [PMID: 20551326 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.109322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid whose functions are mediated by multiple G protein-coupled receptors. We have shown that osteoblasts produce LPA, raising the possibility that it mediates intercellular signaling among osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Here we investigated the expression, signaling and function of LPA receptors in osteoclasts. Focal application of LPA elicited transient increases in cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)), with 50% of osteoclasts responding at approximately 400 nm LPA. LPA-induced elevation of [Ca(2+)](i) was blocked by pertussis toxin or the LPA(1/3) receptor antagonist VPC-32183. LPA caused sustained retraction of osteoclast lamellipodia and disrupted peripheral actin belts. Retraction was insensitive to VPC-32183 or pertussis toxin, indicating involvement of a distinct signaling pathway. In this regard, inhibition of Rho-associated kinase stimulated respreading after LPA-induced retraction. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR revealed transcripts encoding LPA(1) and to a lesser extent LPA(2), LPA(4), and LPA(5) receptor subtypes. LPA induced nuclear translocation of NFATc1 and enhanced osteoclast survival, effects that were blocked by VPC-32183 or by a specific peptide inhibitor of NFAT activation. LPA slightly reduced the resorptive activity of osteoclasts in vitro. Thus, LPA binds to at least two receptor subtypes on osteoclasts: LPA(1), which couples through G(i/o) to elevate [Ca(2+)](i), activate NFATc1, and promote survival, and a second receptor that likely couples through G(12/13) and Rho to evoke and maintain retraction through reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. These findings reveal a signaling axis in bone through which LPA, produced by osteoblasts, acts on multiple receptor subtypes to induce pleiotropic effects on osteoclast activity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Lapierre
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London N6A 5C1, Ontario, Canada
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McMichael BK, Meyer SM, Lee BS. c-Src-mediated phosphorylation of thyroid hormone receptor-interacting protein 6 (TRIP6) promotes osteoclast sealing zone formation. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:26641-51. [PMID: 20547766 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.119909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts resorb bone through the formation of a unique attachment structure called the sealing zone. In this study, a role for thyroid hormone receptor-interacting protein 6 (TRIP6) in sealing zone formation and osteoclast activity was examined. TRIP6 was shown to reside in the sealing zone through its association with tropomyosin 4, an actin-binding protein that regulates sealing dimensions and bone resorptive capacity. Suppression of TRIP6 in mature osteoclasts by RNA interference altered sealing zone dimensions and inhibited bone resorption, whereas overexpression of TRIP6 increased the sealing zone perimeter and enhanced bone resorption. Treatment of osteoclasts with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), which phosphorylates TRIP6 at tyrosine 55 through a c-Src-dependent mechanism, caused increased association of TRIP6 with the sealing zone, as did overexpression of a TRIP6 cDNA bearing a phosphomimetic mutation at tyrosine 55. Further, LPA treatment caused increases in osteoclast fusion, sealing zone perimeter, and bone resorptive capacity. In contrast, overexpression of TRIP6 containing a nonphosphorylatable amino acid residue at position 55 severely diminished sealing zone formation and bone resorption and suppressed the effects of LPA on the cytoskeleton. LPA effects were mediated through its receptor isoform LPA(2), as indicated by treatments with receptor-specific agonists and antagonists. Thus, these studies suggest that TRIP6 is a critical downstream regulator of c-Src signaling and that its phosphorylation is permissive for its presence in the sealing zone where it plays a positive role in osteoclast bone resorptive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke K McMichael
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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40
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Influence of the oxygen microenvironment on the proangiogenic potential of human endothelial colony forming cells. Angiogenesis 2010; 12:303-11. [PMID: 19544080 PMCID: PMC2778716 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-009-9152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic angiogenesis is a promising strategy to promote the formation of new or collateral vessels for tissue regeneration and repair. Since changes in tissue oxygen concentrations are known to stimulate numerous cell functions, these studies have focused on the oxygen microenvironment and its role on the angiogenic potential of endothelial cells. We analyzed the proangiogenic potential of human endothelial colony-forming cells (hECFCs), a highly proliferative population of circulating endothelial progenitor cells, and compared outcomes to human dermal microvascular cells (HMVECs) under oxygen tensions ranging from 1% to 21% O2, representative of ischemic or healthy tissues and standard culture conditions. Compared to HMVECs, hECFCs (1) exhibited significantly greater proliferation in both ischemic conditions and ambient air; (2) demonstrated increased migration compared to HMVECs when exposed to chemotactic gradients in reduced oxygen; and (3) exhibited comparable or superior proangiogenic potential in reduced oxygen conditions when assessed using a vessel-forming assay. These data demonstrate that the angiogenic potential of both endothelial populations is influenced by the local oxygen microenvironment. However, hECFCs exhibit a robust angiogenic potential in oxygen conditions representative of physiologic, ischemic, or ambient air conditions, and these findings suggest that hECFCs may be a superior cell source for use in cell-based approaches for the neovascularization of ischemic or engineered tissues.
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David M, Wannecq E, Descotes F, Jansen S, Deux B, Ribeiro J, Serre CM, Grès S, Bendriss-Vermare N, Bollen M, Saez S, Aoki J, Saulnier-Blache JS, Clézardin P, Peyruchaud O. Cancer cell expression of autotaxin controls bone metastasis formation in mouse through lysophosphatidic acid-dependent activation of osteoclasts. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9741. [PMID: 20305819 PMCID: PMC2840030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone metastases are highly frequent complications of breast cancers. Current bone metastasis treatments using powerful anti-resorbtive agents are only palliative indicating that factors independent of bone resorption control bone metastasis progression. Autotaxin (ATX/NPP2) is a secreted protein with both oncogenic and pro-metastatic properties. Through its lysosphospholipase D (lysoPLD) activity, ATX controls the level of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in the blood. Platelet-derived LPA promotes the progression of osteolytic bone metastases of breast cancer cells. We asked whether ATX was involved in the bone metastasis process. We characterized the role of ATX in osteolytic bone metastasis formation by using genetically modified breast cancer cells exploited on different osteolytic bone metastasis mouse models. Methodology/Principal Findings Intravenous injection of human breast cancer MDA-B02 cells with forced expression of ATX (MDA-B02/ATX) to inmmunodeficiency BALB/C nude mice enhanced osteolytic bone metastasis formation, as judged by increased bone loss, tumor burden, and a higher number of active osteoclasts at the metastatic site. Mouse breast cancer 4T1 cells induced the formation of osteolytic bone metastases after intracardiac injection in immunocompetent BALB/C mice. These cells expressed active ATX and silencing ATX expression inhibited the extent of osteolytic bone lesions and decreased the number of active osteoclasts at the bone metastatic site. In vitro, osteoclast differentiation was enhanced in presence of MDA-B02/ATX cell conditioned media or recombinant autotaxin that was blocked by the autotaxin inhibitor vpc8a202. In vitro, addition of LPA to active charcoal-treated serum restored the capacity of the serum to support RANK-L/MCSF-induced osteoclastogenesis. Conclusion/Significance Expression of autotaxin by cancer cells controls osteolytic bone metastasis formation. This work demonstrates a new role for LPA as a factor that stimulates directly cancer growth and metastasis, and osteoclast differentiation. Therefore, targeting the autotaxin/LPA track emerges as a potential new therapeutic approach to improve the outcome of patients with bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion David
- INSERM, U664, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Faculté de Médecine Laennec, Lyon, France
| | | | - Françoise Descotes
- Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Silvia Jansen
- Laboratory of Biosignaling and Therapeutics, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Blandine Deux
- INSERM, U664, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Faculté de Médecine Laennec, Lyon, France
| | - Johnny Ribeiro
- INSERM, U664, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Faculté de Médecine Laennec, Lyon, France
| | - Claire-Marie Serre
- INSERM, U664, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Faculté de Médecine Laennec, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Mathieu Bollen
- Laboratory of Biosignaling and Therapeutics, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simone Saez
- Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | | | | | - Philippe Clézardin
- INSERM, U664, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Faculté de Médecine Laennec, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Peyruchaud
- INSERM, U664, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Faculté de Médecine Laennec, Lyon, France
- * E-mail:
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Nakamura M, Nagai A, Hentunen T, Salonen J, Sekijima Y, Okura T, Hashimoto K, Toda Y, Monma H, Yamashita K. Surface electric fields increase osteoblast adhesion through improved wettability on hydroxyapatite electret. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2009; 1:2181-2189. [PMID: 20355852 DOI: 10.1021/am900341v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Osteoblasts are susceptible to the surface characteristics of bioceramics and stimulation from outside the cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of electrical polarization on surface characteristics and osteoblastic adhesion. The surface characteristics revealed that electrical polarization had no effect on the surface roughness, crystallinity, and constituent elements. According to contact-angle measurements, electrically polarized hydroxyapatite (HA), which provides two kinds of surfaces, negatively charged HA (N-HA) and positively charged HA (P-HA), was even more hydrophilic than that of normal HA (O-HA). Morphological observations and quantitative analyses revealed that the typical adhered cells had a round shape on O-HA but had a spindle or fanlike spreading configuration on N-HA and P-HA 1 h after seeding. After 3 h of cultivation, the rate of the number of spread cells and the size of the focal adhesions on O-HA increased and approached that of N-HA and P-HA. However, the cell areas positively stained for actin, which indicates the degree of cell spreading, were distinctly larger on N-HA and P-HA than that on O-HA. The number of focal adhesions per cell was also less than that on N-HA and P-HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Nakamura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 1010062, Japan.
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George J, Headen KV, Ogunleye AO, Perry GA, Wilwerding TM, Parrish LC, McVaney TP, Mattson JS, Cerutis DR. Lysophosphatidic Acid signals through specific lysophosphatidic Acid receptor subtypes to control key regenerative responses of human gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts. J Periodontol 2009; 80:1338-47. [PMID: 19656035 PMCID: PMC11037860 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.080624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We showed that the pluripotent platelet growth factor and mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) controls key regenerative responses of human gingival fibroblasts (GFs) and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) and positively modulates their responses to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). This study determined which LPA receptor (LPAR) subtype(s) LPA signals through to stimulate mitogenic extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 signaling and chemotaxis and to elicit intracellular Ca(2+) increases in GFs and PDLFs because many healing responses are calcium-dependent. METHODS Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase was determined using Western blotting with an antibody to phosphorylated ERK1/2. Migration responses were measured using a microchemotaxis chamber. GF and PDLF intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization responses to multiple LPA species and LPAR subtype-specific agonists were measured by using a cell-permeable fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator dye. RESULTS LPA stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation via LPA(1)(-3). For GFs, LPA(1) preferentially elicited chemotaxis, and LPA(1-3) for PDLFs, as confirmed using subtype-specific agonists. Elevation of intracellular calcium seems to be mediated through LPA(1) and LPA(3), with little, if any, contribution from LPA(2). CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence that LPA signals through specific LPAR subtypes to stimulate human oral fibroblast regenerative responses. These data, in conjunction with our previous findings showing that LPA modulates GF and PDLF responses to PDGF, suggest that LPA is a factor of emerging importance to oral wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoJu George
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE
| | - Karmel V. Headen
- Department of Oral Biology, Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE
| | | | - Greg A. Perry
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - John S. Mattson
- Department of Periodontics, Creighton University School of Dentistry
| | - D. Roselyn Cerutis
- Department of Oral Biology, Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE
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Jeong KJ, Park SY, Seo JH, Lee KB, Choi WS, Han JW, Kang JK, Park CG, Kim YK, Lee HY. Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 2 and Gi/Src pathway mediate cell motility through cyclooxygenase 2 expression in CAOV-3 ovarian cancer cells. Exp Mol Med 2009; 40:607-16. [PMID: 19116446 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2008.40.6.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipids and involves in various cellular events, including tumor cell migration. In the present study, we investigated LPA receptor and its transactivation to EGFR for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and cell migration in CAOV-3 ovarian cancer cells. LPA induced COX-2 expression in a dose-dependent manner, and pretreatment of the cells with pharmacological inhibitors of Gi (pertussis toxin), Src (PP2), EGF receptor (EGFR) (AG1478), ERK (PD98059) significantly inhibited LPA- induced COX-2 expression. Consistent to these results, transfection of the cells with selective Src siRNA attenuated COX-2 expression by LPA. LPA stimulated CAOV-3 cell migration that was abrogated by pharmacological inhibitors and antibody of EP2. Higher expression of LPA2 mRNA was observed in CAOV-3 cells, and transfection of the cells with a selective LPA2 siRNA significantly inhibited LPA-induced activation of EGFR and ERK, as well as COX-2 expression. Importantly, LPA2 siRNA also blocked LPA-induced ovarian cancer cell migration. Collectively, our results clearly show the significance of LPA2 and Gi/Src pathway for LPA-induced COX-2 expression and cell migration that could be a promising drug target for ovarian cancer cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Jin Jeong
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Korea
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Karagiosis SA, Chrisler WB, Bollinger N, Karin NJ. Lysophosphatidic acid-induced ERK activation and chemotaxis in MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts are independent of EGF receptor transactivation. J Cell Physiol 2009; 219:716-23. [PMID: 19189345 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bone-forming osteoblasts and their progenitors are target cells for the lipid growth factor lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) which is produced by degranulating platelets at sites of tissue injury. LPA is a potent inducer of bone cell chemotaxis, proliferation and survival in vitro, and this lipid factor is an attractive candidate to facilitate preosteoblast migration during skeletal regeneration in vivo. In this study we sought to more clearly define the intracellular signaling pathways mediating the effects of LPA on bone cells. LPA-treated MC3T3-E1 preosteoblastic cells exhibited a bimodal activation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK1/2) with maximal phosphorylation at 5 and 60 min. MEK1/2 activation was detected within 2.5 min of LPA exposure and remained elevated for at least an hour. ERK1/2 phosphorylation was not coupled to Ras activation or to LPA-induced elevations in cytosolic Ca(2+). While LPA exposure transactivates the EGF receptor in many cell types, LPA-stimulated ERK1/2 activation in MC3T3-E1 cells was unaffected by the inhibition of EGF receptor function. ERK isoforms can function as transcription factors and ERK1/2 rapidly accumulated in the nuclei of LPA-treated cells, a process that was blocked if ERK1/2 phosphorylation was prevented. Blocking ERK1/2 phosphorylation also led to significant decreases in LPA-induced MC3T3-E1 cell chemotaxis, while the inhibition of EGF receptor function had no effect on the stimulation of preosteoblast motility by LPA. Our results identify ERK1/2 activation as a mediator of LPA-stimulated MC3T3-E1 cell migration that may be relevant to preosteoblast motility and gene expression during bone repair in vivo. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 716-723, 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue A Karagiosis
- Cell Biology and Biochemistry Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington
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Nakamura M, Nagai A, Tanaka Y, Sekijima Y, Yamashita K. Polarized hydroxyapatite promotes spread and motility of osteoblastic cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 92:783-90. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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47
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Roelofsen T, Akkers R, Beumer W, Apotheker M, Steeghs I, van de Ven J, Gelderblom C, Garritsen A, Dechering K. Sphingosine-1-phosphate acts as a developmental stage specific inhibitor of platelet-derived growth factor-induced chemotaxis of osteoblasts. J Cell Biochem 2008; 105:1128-38. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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48
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Panupinthu N, Rogers JT, Zhao L, Solano-Flores LP, Possmayer F, Sims SM, Dixon SJ. P2X7 receptors on osteoblasts couple to production of lysophosphatidic acid: a signaling axis promoting osteogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 181:859-71. [PMID: 18519738 PMCID: PMC2396816 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200708037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotides are released from cells in response to mechanical stimuli and signal in an autocrine/paracrine manner through cell surface P2 receptors. P2rx7−/− mice exhibit diminished appositional growth of long bones and impaired responses to mechanical loading. We find that calvarial sutures are wider in P2rx7−/− mice. Functional P2X7 receptors are expressed on osteoblasts in situ and in vitro. Activation of P2X7 receptors by exogenous nucleotides stimulates expression of osteoblast markers and enhances mineralization in cultures of rat calvarial cells. Moreover, osteogenesis is suppressed in calvarial cell cultures from P2rx7−/− mice compared with the wild type. P2X7 receptors couple to production of the potent lipid mediators lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and prostaglandin E2. Either an LPA receptor antagonist or cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors abolish the stimulatory effects of P2X7 receptor activation on osteogenesis. We conclude that P2X7 receptors enhance osteoblast function through a cell-autonomous mechanism. Furthermore, a novel signaling axis links P2X7 receptors to production of LPA and COX metabolites, which in turn stimulate osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattapon Panupinthu
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Group in Skeletal Development and Remodeling, London, ON, Canada
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The osteocyte lineage. Arch Biochem Biophys 2008; 473:106-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Revised: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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50
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Aki Y, Kondo A, Nakamura H, Togari A. Lysophosphatidic acid-stimulated interleukin-6 and -8 synthesis through LPA1 receptors on human osteoblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2008; 53:207-13. [PMID: 17915188 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2007.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2006] [Revised: 06/08/2007] [Accepted: 08/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Using human osteoblastic SaM-1 cells, we investigated the effects of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) on the production of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, molecules which are capable of stimulating the development of osteoclasts from their haematopoietic precursors, and examined the signal transduction systems involved in their effect on these cells. These human osteoblasts constitutively expressed endothelial differentiation genes (Edg)-2 and Edg-4, which are LPA receptors. LPA increased gene and protein expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in SaM-1 cells. The expression of IL-6 and IL-8 mRNAs was maximal at 1-3h, and the increase in IL-6 and IL-8 synthesis in response to lysophosphatidic acid (1-10 microM) occurred in a concentration-dependent manner. These increases were blocked by Ki16425, an Edg-2/7 antagonist. In addition, LPA caused an increase in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)), which was inhibited by pretreatment with Ki16425 or 2-aminoethoxy-diphenylborate (2-APB), an inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP(3)) receptor (IP(3)R) blocker. The pretreatment of SaM-1 cells with U-73122, a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, and 2-APB also inhibited the increase in IL-6 and IL-8 synthesis in response to LPA. These findings suggest that extracellular LPA-induced IL-6 and IL-8 synthesis occurred through Edg-2 (LPA(1) receptor) and the activation of PLC and IP(3)-mediated intracellular calcium release in SaM-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Aki
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
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