1
|
Lu PY, Huang M, Shao MH, Hu JX, Ding CY, Feng YJ, Zhang M, Lin HP, Tian HS. Effect and mechanism of recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 18 on osteoporosis in OVX mice. Climacteric 2024; 27:305-313. [PMID: 38275172 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2024.2302967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effect and the mechanism of recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 18 (rhFGF18) on postmenopausal osteoporosis. METHODS The effect of rhFGF18 on the proliferation and apoptosis of osteoblasts and the mechanism underlying such an effect was evaluated using an oxidative stress model of the MC3T3-E1 cell line. Furthermore, ovariectomy was performed on ICR mice to imitate estrogen-deficiency postmenopausal osteoporosis. Bone metabolism and bone morphological parameters in the ovariectomized (OVX) mice were evaluated. RESULTS The results obtained from the cell model showed that FGF18 promoted MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation by activating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 instead of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). FGF18 also prevented cells from damage inflicted by oxidative stress via inhibition of apoptosis. After FGF18 administration, the expression level of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in the mice was upregulated, whereas those of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3 were downregulated. Administering FGF18 also improved bone metabolism and bone morphological parameters in OVX mice. CONCLUSIONS FGF18 could effectively prevent bone loss in OVX mice by enhancing osteoblastogenesis and protecting osteoblasts from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Y Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - M Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuzhou GongRen Hospital, Wuzhou, China
| | - M H Shao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - J X Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - C Y Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Y J Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - M Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - H P Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - H S Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Doro D, Liu A, Lau JS, Rajendran AK, Healy C, Krstic M, Grigoriadis AE, Iseki S, Liu KJ. Cranial suture lineage and contributions to repair of the mouse skull. Development 2024; 151:dev202116. [PMID: 38345329 PMCID: PMC10911112 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The cranial sutures are proposed to be a stem cell niche, harbouring skeletal stem cells that are directly involved in development, homeostasis and healing. Like the craniofacial bones, the sutures are formed from both mesoderm and neural crest. During cranial bone repair, neural crest cells have been proposed to be key players; however, neural crest contributions to adult sutures are not well defined, and the relative importance of suture proximity is unclear. Here, we use genetic approaches to re-examine the neural crest-mesoderm boundaries in the adult mouse skull. These are combined with calvarial wounding experiments suggesting that suture proximity improves the efficiency of cranial repair. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Gli1+ and Axin2+ skeletal stem cells are present in all calvarial sutures examined. We propose that the position of the defect determines the availability of neural crest-derived progenitors, which appear to be a key element in the repair of calvarial defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Doro
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology and Oral Histology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Annie Liu
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jia Shang Lau
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Arun Kumar Rajendran
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology and Oral Histology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Christopher Healy
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Marko Krstic
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Agamemnon E. Grigoriadis
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sachiko Iseki
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology and Oral Histology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Karen J. Liu
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Goldschagg MGE, Hockman D. FGF18. Differentiation 2023:100735. [PMID: 38007374 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
FGF18 was discovered in 1998. It is a pleiotropic growth factor that stimulates major signalling pathways involved in cell proliferation and growth, and is involved in the development and homeostasis of many tissues such as bone, lung, and central nervous system. The gene consists of five exons that code for a 207 amino acid glycosylated protein. FGF18 is widely expressed in developing and adult chickens, mice, and humans, being seen in the mesenchyme, brain, skeleton, heart, and lungs. Knockout studies of FGF18 in mice lead to perinatal death, characterised by distinct phenotypes such as cleft palate, smaller body size, curved long bones, deformed ribs, and reduced crania. As can be expected from a protein involved in so many functions FGF18 is associated with various diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and most notably various types of cancer such as breast, lung, and ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G E Goldschagg
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dorit Hockman
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Banik S, Gaikwad M, Deep N. Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna in a Dry Indian Human Skull: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e34645. [PMID: 36895527 PMCID: PMC9990742 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna (HFI), a condition that has been sparsely explained till now, is a benign, asymptomatic, and irregular thickening of the endocranium of the frontal bone. It is found to be predominantly present in post-menopausal women during incidental X-ray or CT/MRI of the skull. The prevalence of HFI is documented in different populations, but in the Indian population, it is comparatively rare. Thus, we discuss a serendipitous finding of HFI in an Indian skull. This rare variation was noted in dry Indian human skulls. Gross features of the skull were noted, and it was an adult female skull. The area was decalcified, paraffin-embedded, and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin. The skull bone was also subjected to plain X-ray/CT investigation. The X-ray skull of 50+ year female type features in anteroposterior and lateral view showed widening of the diploic spaces 8-10 mm with ill-defined hyperdense areas in the frontal region. Changes in computed tomography were noted. HFI often has nonspecific and benign symptoms. However, in severe cases, widespread clinical implications starting from headache, motor aphasia, parkinsonism, and depression can occur, and thus we all should be aware of it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suranjana Banik
- Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Manisha Gaikwad
- Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Nerbadyswari Deep
- Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Feng B, Pei J, Gu S. Wnt7b: Is It an Important Factor in the Bone Formation Process after Calvarial Damage? J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030800. [PMID: 36769446 PMCID: PMC9917507 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies found that Wnt7b played a unique and indispensable role in the process of osteoblast differentiation and could accelerate the repair of bone loss. However, what is the role of Wnt7B in osteogenesis? Is it possible to increase the expression of Wnt7b to promote the repair of skull defects? This study intends to provide the basic data for the application of Wnt7b in the treatment of craniomaxillofacial bone repair. METHODS A calvarial defect mouse model that could induce Wnt7b overexpression was established. Three days after the operation, the mice in each group were intraperitoneally injected with tamoxifen (TAM) or oil eight times every other day. There were three groups. The TAMc group (R26Wnt7b/Wnt7b) was injected with tamoxifen. The Oil group (3.2 kb Col1-Cre-ERT2; R26Wnt7b/Wnt7b) was injected with oil. The TAM group (3.2 kb Col1-Cre-ERT2; R26Wnt7b/Wnt7b) was injected with tamoxifen. Four weeks after the surgery, micro-CT scanning was utilized to observe new bone formation and compare the ability to form new bone around the defect area. RESULTS Four weeks after the operation, bone healing conditions were measured by using micro-CT scanning. The defect area of the TAM group was smaller than that of the other groups. Similarly, the bone volume fraction (BV/TV) significantly increased (p < 0.05), the trabecular number (Tb.N) increased, and the trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) decreased. CONCLUSIONS Wnt7b participates in the bone formation process after calvarial damage, indicating the important role of Wnt7b in osteogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Feng
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200125, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Jun Pei
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200125, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Shensheng Gu
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200125, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200125, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +86-021-53315201
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Murugaiyan K, Amirthalingam S, Hwang NSY, Jayakumar R. Role of FGF-18 in Bone Regeneration. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14010036. [PMID: 36662083 PMCID: PMC9864085 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In tissue engineering, three key components are cells, biological/mechanical cues, and scaffolds. Biological cues are normally proteins such as growth factors and their derivatives, bioactive molecules, and the regulators of a gene. Numerous growth factors such as VEGF, FGF, and TGF-β are being studied and applied in different studies. The carriers used to release these growth factors also play an important role in their functioning. From the early part of the 1990s, more research has beenconductedon the role of fibroblast growth factors on the various physiological functions in our body. The fibroblast growth factor family contains 22 members. Fibroblast growth factors such as 2, 9, and 18 are mainly associated with the differentiation of osteoblasts and in bone regeneration. FGF-18 stimulates the PI3K/ERK pathway and smad1/5/8 pathway mediated via BMP-2 by blocking its antagonist, which is essential for bone formation. FGF-18 incorporated hydrogel and scaffolds had showed enhanced bone regeneration. This review highlights these functions and current trends using this growth factor and potential outcomes in the field of bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavipriya Murugaiyan
- Polymeric Biomaterials Lab, School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | | | - Nathaniel Suk-Yeon Hwang
- Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- BioMAX/N-Bio, Institute of BioEngineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Rangasamy Jayakumar
- Polymeric Biomaterials Lab, School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Namangkalakul W, Nagai S, Jin C, Nakahama KI, Yoshimoto Y, Ueha S, Akiyoshi K, Matsushima K, Nakashima T, Takechi M, Iseki S. Augmented effect of fibroblast growth factor 18 in bone morphogenetic protein 2-induced calvarial bone healing by activation of CCL2/CCR2 axis on M2 macrophage polarization. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231187960. [PMID: 37529250 PMCID: PMC10387695 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231187960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling plays essential roles in various biological events. FGF18 is one of the ligands to be associated with osteogenesis, chondrogenesis and bone healing. The mouse critical-sized calvarial defect healing induced by the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)-hydrogel is stabilized when FGF18 is added. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of FGF18 in the calvarial bone healing model. We first found that FGF18 + BMP2 hydrogel application to the calvarial bone defect increased the expression of anti-inflammatory markers, including those related to tissue healing M2 macrophage (M2-Mø) prior to mineralized bone formation. The depletion of macrophages with clodronate liposome hindered the FGF18 effect. We then examined how FGF18 induces M2-Mø polarization by using mouse primary bone marrow (BM) cells composed of macrophage precursors and BM stromal cells (BMSCs). In vitro studies demonstrated that FGF18 indirectly induces M2-Mø polarization by affecting BMSCs. Whole transcriptome analysis and neutralizing antibody treatment of BMSC cultured with FGF18 revealed that chemoattractant chemokine (c-c motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) is the major mediator for M2-Mø polarization. Finally, FGF18-augmented activity toward favorable bone healing with BMP2 was diminished in the calvarial defect in Ccr2-deleted mice. Altogether, we suggest a novel role of FGF18 in M2-Mø modulation via stimulation of CCL2 production in calvarial bone healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Worachat Namangkalakul
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology and Oral Histology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Shigenori Nagai
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chengxue Jin
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology and Oral Histology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Nakahama
- Department of Cellular Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology and Oral Histology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ueha
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kouji Matsushima
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakashima
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Takechi
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology and Oral Histology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Iseki
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology and Oral Histology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu Y, Niu P, Zhou M, Xue H. The role of proteoglycan form of DMP1 in cranial repair. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:43. [PMID: 36175851 PMCID: PMC9524138 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-022-00443-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cranial region is a complex set of blood vessels, cartilage, nerves and soft tissues. The reconstruction of cranial defects caused by trauma, congenital defects and surgical procedures presents clinical challenges. Our previous data showed that deficiency of the proteoglycan (PG) form of dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1-PG) could lead to abnormal cranial development. In addition, DMP1-PG was highly expressed in the cranial defect areas. The present study aimed to investigate the potential role of DMP1-PG in intramembranous ossification in cranial defect repair. Methods Mouse cranial defect models were established by using wild- type (WT) and DMP1-PG point mutation mice. Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and histological staining were performed to assess the extent of repair. Immunofluorescence assays and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‒qPCR) were applied to detect the differentially expressed osteogenic markers. RNA sequencing was performed to probe the molecular mechanism of DMP1-PG in regulating defect healing. Results A delayed healing process and an abnormal osteogenic capacity of primary osteoblasts were observed in DMP1-PG point mutation mice. Furthermore, impaired inflammatory signaling pathways were detected by using RNA transcription analysis of this model. Conclusions Our data indicate that DMP1-PG is an indispensable positive regulator during cranial defect healing. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12860-022-00443-4.
Collapse
|
9
|
Miricescu D, Badoiu SC, Stanescu-Spinu II, Totan AR, Stefani C, Greabu M. Growth Factors, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Metformin-Promoters of the Wound Healing Process in Burns? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179512. [PMID: 34502429 PMCID: PMC8431501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Burns can be caused by various factors and have an increased risk of infection that can seriously delay the wound healing process. Chronic wounds caused by burns represent a major health problem. Wound healing is a complex process, orchestrated by cytokines, growth factors, prostaglandins, free radicals, clotting factors, and nitric oxide. Growth factors released during this process are involved in cell growth, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Reactive oxygen species are released in acute and chronic burn injuries and play key roles in healing and regeneration. The main aim of this review is to present the roles of growth factors, reactive oxygen species, and metformin in the healing process of burn injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Miricescu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.); (A.R.T.); (M.G.)
| | - Silviu Constantin Badoiu
- Department of Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Life Memorial Hospital, 365 Grivitei Street, 010719 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (S.C.B.); (I.-I.S.-S.)
| | - Iulia-Ioana Stanescu-Spinu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.); (A.R.T.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.B.); (I.-I.S.-S.)
| | - Alexandra Ripszky Totan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.); (A.R.T.); (M.G.)
| | - Constantin Stefani
- Department of Family Medicine and Clinical Base, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Maria Greabu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.); (A.R.T.); (M.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Binrayes A, Ge C, Mohamed FF, Franceschi RT. Role of Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 in Craniofacial Bone Regeneration. J Dent Res 2021; 100:1359-1366. [PMID: 33899571 PMCID: PMC8532241 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211007447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone loss caused by trauma, neoplasia, congenital defects, or periodontal disease is a major cause of disability and human suffering. Skeletal progenitor cell-extracellular matrix interactions are critical for bone regeneration. Discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2), an understudied collagen receptor, plays an important role in skeletal development. Ddr2 loss-of-function mutations in humans and mice cause severe craniofacial and skeletal defects, including altered cranial shape, dwarfing, reduced trabecular and cortical bone, alveolar bone/periodontal defects, and altered dentition. However, the role of this collagen receptor in craniofacial regeneration has not been examined. To address this, calvarial subcritical-size defects were generated in wild-type (WT) and Ddr2-deficient mice. The complete bridging seen in WT controls at 4 wk postsurgery was not observed in Ddr2-deficient mice even after 12 wk. Quantitation of defect bone area by micro-computed tomography also revealed a 50% reduction in new bone volume in Ddr2-deficient mice. Ddr2 expression during calvarial bone regeneration was measured using Ddr2-LacZ knock-in mice. Expression was restricted to periosteal surfaces of uninjured calvarial bone and, after injury, was detected in select regions of the defect site by 3 d postsurgery and expanded during the healing process. The impaired bone healing associated with Ddr2 deficiency may be related to reduced osteoprogenitor or osteoblast cell proliferation and differentiation since knockdown/knockout of Ddr2 in a mesenchymal cell line and primary calvarial osteoblast cultures reduced osteoblast differentiation while Ddr2 overexpression was stimulatory. In conclusion, Ddr2 is required for cranial bone regeneration and may be a novel target for therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Binrayes
- Departments of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - C Ge
- Departments of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - F F Mohamed
- Departments of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R T Franceschi
- Departments of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ju H, Paycha F. Osteoblastic and hyperostotic craniofacial lesion detected by 99mTc-labeled methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy and single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography: a pictorial essay. Nucl Med Commun 2021; 42:117-126. [PMID: 33165260 PMCID: PMC7808364 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
99mTc-bisphophonates bone scan, planar and single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) modalities, is a commonly used technique that provides high sensitivity and specificity for detection of osseous metastases. However, besides bone metastases, SPECT/CT provides an accurate evaluation of the localization of the lesions and supplies anatomic information that can be valuable for diagnosis of nonmalignant bone diseases, occasionally disclosed in the skull. Reporting of craniofacial lesions detected by 99mTc-MDP (99mTc-labeled methylene diphosphonate) bone scintigraphy and SPECT/CT in the literature is limited. The aim of this pictorial review is to present the findings detected by 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy and SPECT/CT including cases under two broad categories: osteoblastic and hyperostosis craniofacial lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Ju
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Frédéric Paycha
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Amirthalingam S, Lee SS, Pandian M, Ramu J, Iyer S, Hwang NS, Jayakumar R. Combinatorial effect of nano whitlockite/nano bioglass with FGF-18 in an injectable hydrogel for craniofacial bone regeneration. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2439-2453. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01496f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Comparing the bone regeneration potential of nano whitlockite or nano bioglass in combination with FGF-18, loaded in an injectable, shear-thinning chitin/PLGA hydrogel for craniofacial bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seunghun S. Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- the Institute of Chemical Processes
- Seoul National University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Mahalakshmi Pandian
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine
- Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
- Kochi-682041
- India
| | - Janarthanan Ramu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
- Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre
- Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
- Kochi 682041
- India
| | - Subramania Iyer
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
- Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre
- Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
- Kochi 682041
- India
| | - Nathaniel S. Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- the Institute of Chemical Processes
- Seoul National University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Rangasamy Jayakumar
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine
- Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
- Kochi-682041
- India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Srinivasan A, Teo N, Poon KJ, Tiwari P, Ravichandran A, Wen F, Teoh SH, Lim TC, Toh YC. Comparative Craniofacial Bone Regeneration Capacities of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Human Neural Crest Stem Cells and Bone Marrow. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 7:207-221. [PMID: 33455206 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Most craniofacial bones are derived from the ectodermal germ layer via neural crest stem cells, which are distinct from mesoderm-derived long bones. However, current craniofacial bone tissue engineering approaches do not account for this difference and utilize mesoderm-derived bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) as a paradigm cell source. The effect of the embryonic origin (ontogeny) of an MSC population on its osteogenic differentiation potential and regenerative ability still remains unresolved. To clarify the effects of MSC ontogeny on bone regenerative ability, we directly compared the craniofacial bone regenerative abilities of an ecto-mesenchymal stem cell (eMSC) population, which is derived from human embryonic stem cells via a neural crest intermediate, with mesodermal adult BM-MSCs. eMSCs showed comparable osteogenic and chondrogenic ability to BM-MSCs in 2-D in vitro culture, but lower adipogenic ability. They exhibited greater proliferation than BM-MSCs and comparable construct mineralization in a well-established 3-D polycaprolactone-tricalcium phosphate (PCL-TCP) scaffold system in vitro. eMSC-derived 3D osteogenic constructs were maintained for longer in a proliferative osteoblast state and exhibited differential levels of genes related to fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling compared to BM-MSCs. Although both eMSC and BM-MSC-seeded scaffold constructs could promote bone regeneration in a rat calvarial defect model, eMSC-derived osseous constructs had significantly higher cellularity due to increased number of proliferative (Ki67+) cells than those seeded with BM-MSCs, and exhibited enhanced new bone formation in the defect area as compared to untreated controls. Overall, our study demonstrates the potential of human eMSCs for future clinical use in craniofacial regeneration applications and indicates the importance of considering MSC origin when selecting an MSC source for regenerative applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Srinivasan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, #04-08, Singapore, 117583.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119288.,NUS Tissue Engineering Program (NUSTEP), National University of Singapore, DSO (Kent Ridge), 27 Medical Drive, #04-01, Singapore, 117510
| | - Nelson Teo
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228
| | - Kei Jun Poon
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228
| | - Priya Tiwari
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228
| | - Akhilandeshwari Ravichandran
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering & Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459.,School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Feng Wen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering & Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459
| | - Swee Hin Teoh
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering & Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459
| | - Thiam Chye Lim
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228.,Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, #04-08, Singapore, 117583.,NUS Tissue Engineering Program (NUSTEP), National University of Singapore, DSO (Kent Ridge), 27 Medical Drive, #04-01, Singapore, 117510.,School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia.,Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xie Y, Su N, Yang J, Tan Q, Huang S, Jin M, Ni Z, Zhang B, Zhang D, Luo F, Chen H, Sun X, Feng JQ, Qi H, Chen L. FGF/FGFR signaling in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:181. [PMID: 32879300 PMCID: PMC7468161 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidences suggest that the fibroblast growth factor/FGF receptor (FGF/FGFR) signaling has crucial roles in a multitude of processes during embryonic development and adult homeostasis by regulating cellular lineage commitment, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis of various types of cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of FGF signaling and its roles in organ development, injury repair, and the pathophysiology of spectrum of diseases, which is a consequence of FGF signaling dysregulation, including cancers and chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this context, the agonists and antagonists for FGF-FGFRs might have therapeutic benefits in multiple systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangli Xie
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Nan Su
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiaoyan Tan
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenhong Ni
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dali Zhang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengtao Luo
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hangang Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianding Sun
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Q Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Huabing Qi
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang H, Zhang Y, Terajima M, Romanowicz G, Liu Y, Omi M, Bigelow E, Joiner DM, Waldorff EI, Zhu P, Raghavan M, Lynch M, Kamiya N, Zhang R, Jepsen KJ, Goldstein S, Morris MD, Yamauchi M, Kohn DH, Mishina Y. Loss of BMP signaling mediated by BMPR1A in osteoblasts leads to differential bone phenotypes in mice depending on anatomical location of the bones. Bone 2020; 137:115402. [PMID: 32360900 PMCID: PMC7354232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in osteoblasts plays critical roles in skeletal development and bone homeostasis. Our previous studies showed loss of function of BMPR1A, one of the type 1 receptors for BMPs, in osteoblasts results in increased trabecular bone mass in long bones due to an imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption. Decreased bone resorption was associated with an increased mature-to-immature collagen cross-link ratio and mineral-matrix ratios in the trabecular compartments, and increased tissue-level biomechanical properties. Here, we investigated the bone mass, bone composition and biomechanical properties of ribs and spines in the same genetically altered mouse line to compare outcomes by loss of BMPR1A functions in bones from different anatomic sites and developmental origins. Bone mass was significantly increased in both cortical and trabecular compartments of ribs with minimal to modest changes in compositions. While tissue-levels of biomechanical properties were not changed between control and mutant animals, whole bone levels of biomechanical properties were significantly increased in association with increased bone mass in the mutant ribs. For spines, mutant bones showed increased bone mass in both cortical and trabecular compartments with an increase of mineral content. These results emphasize the differential role of BMP signaling in osteoblasts in bones depending on their anatomical locations, functional loading requirements and developmental origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honghao Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Yanshuai Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Masahiko Terajima
- School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, NC, USA
| | - Genevieve Romanowicz
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Yangjia Liu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USA; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Maiko Omi
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Erin Bigelow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Danese M Joiner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Erik I Waldorff
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Peizhi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Mekhala Raghavan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Michelle Lynch
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Nobuhiro Kamiya
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USA; Tenri University, Nara, Japan
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Karl J Jepsen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Steve Goldstein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Michael D Morris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Mitsuo Yamauchi
- School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, NC, USA
| | - David H Kohn
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xue PP, Yuan JD, Yao Q, Zhao YZ, Xu HL. Bioactive Factors-imprinted Scaffold Vehicles for Promoting Bone Healing: The Potential Strategies and the Confronted Challenges for Clinical Production. BIO INTEGRATION 2020. [DOI: 10.15212/bioi-2020-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Wound repair of bone is a complicated multistep process orchestrated by inflammation, angiogenesis, callus formation, and bone remodeling. Many bioactive factors (BFs) including cytokine and growth factors (GFs) have previously been reported to be involved in regulating
wound healing of bone and some exogenous BFs such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) were proven to be helpful for improving bone healing. In this regard, the BFs reported for boosting bone repair were initially categorized according to their regulatory mechanisms. Thereafter, the challenges
including short half-life, poor stability, and rapid enzyme degradation and deactivation for these exogenous BFs in bone healing are carefully outlined in this review. For these issues, BFs-imprinted scaffold vehicles have recently been reported to promote the stability of BFs and enhance
their half-life in vivo. This review is focused on the incorporation of BFs into the modulated biomaterials with various forms of bone tissue engineering applications: firstly, rigid bone graft substitutes (BGSs) were used to imprint BFs for large scale bone defect repair; secondly,
the soft sponge-like scaffold carrying BFs is discussed as filling materials for the cavity of bone defects; thirdly, various injectable vehicles including hydrogel, nanoparticles, and microspheres for the delivery of BFs were also introduced for irregular bone fracture repair. Meanwhile,
the challenges for BFs-imprinted scaffold vehicles are also analyzed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Peng Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Jian-dong Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Ying-Zheng Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - He-Lin Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen G, Xu H, Yao Y, Xu T, Yuan M, Zhang X, Lv Z, Wu M. BMP Signaling in the Development and Regeneration of Cranium Bones and Maintenance of Calvarial Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:135. [PMID: 32211409 PMCID: PMC7075941 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway is highly conserved across many species, and its importance for the patterning of the skeletal system has been demonstrated. A disrupted BMP signaling pathway results in severe skeletal defects. Murine calvaria has been identified to have dual-tissue lineages, namely, the cranial neural-crest cells and the paraxial mesoderm. Modulations of the BMP signaling pathway have been demonstrated to be significant in determining calvarial osteogenic potentials and ossification in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, the BMP signaling pathway plays a role in the maintenance of the homeostasis of the calvarial stem cells, indicating a potential clinic significance in calvarial bone and in expediting regeneration. Following the inherent evidence of BMP signaling in craniofacial biology, we summarize recent discoveries relating to BMP signaling in the development of calvarial structures, functions of the suture stem cells and their niche and regeneration. This review will not only provide a better understanding of BMP signaling in cranial biology, but also exhibit the molecular targets of BMP signaling that possess clinical potential for tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guiqian Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haodong Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Yao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengting Yuan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Zhengbing Lv
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengrui Wu
- Institute of Genetics, Life Science College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Qasim M, Chae DS, Lee NY. Bioengineering strategies for bone and cartilage tissue regeneration using growth factors and stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 108:394-411. [PMID: 31618509 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone and cartilage tissue engineering is an integrative approach that is inspired by the phenomena associated with wound healing. In this respect, growth factors have emerged as important moieties for the control and regulation of this process. Growth factors act as mediators and control the important physiological functions of bone regeneration. Herein, we discuss the importance of growth factors in bone and cartilage tissue engineering, their loading and delivery strategies, release kinetics, and their integration with biomaterials and stem cells to heal bone fractures. We also highlighted the role of growth factors in the determination of the bone tissue microenvironment based on the reciprocal signaling with cells and biomaterial scaffolds on which future bone and cartilage tissue engineering technologies and medical devices will be based upon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Qasim
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Sik Chae
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen G, Yao Y, Xu G, Zhang X. Regional difference in microRNA regulation in the skull vault. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:1009-1019. [PMID: 31397024 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The murine calvaria has several membrane bones with different tissue origins (e.g., neural crest-derived frontal bone vs. mesoderm-derived parietal bone). Neural crest-derived frontal bone exhibits superior osteogenic activities and bone regeneration. MicroRNA (miRNA) has been emerged as a crucial regulator during organogenesis and is involved in a range of developmental processes. However, the underlying roles of miRNA regulation in frontal bone and parietal bone is unknown. RESULTS Total of 83 significantly expressed known miRNAs were identified in frontal bones versus parietal bones. The significantly enriched gene ontology and KEGG pathway that were predicted by the enrichment miRNAs were involved in several biological processes (cell differentiation, cell adhesion, and transcription), and multiple osteogenic pathways (e.g., focal adhesion, MAPK, VEGF, Wnt, and insulin signaling pathway. Focal adhesion and insulin signaling pathway were selected for target verification and functional analysis, and several genes were predicted to be targets genes by the differentially expressed miRNAs, and these targets genes were tested with significant expressions. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed a novel pattern of miRNAs in murine calvaria with dual tissue origins, and explorations of these miRNAs will be valuable for the translational studies to enhance osteogenic potential and bone regeneration in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guiqian Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Yao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xingen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Development of two complementary LC–HRMS methods for analyzing sotatercept in dried blood spots for doping controls. Bioanalysis 2019; 11:923-940. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: sotatercept is a therapeutic Fc-fusion protein with erythropoiesis-stimulating activity. Due to a potential abuse of the drug by athletes in professional sports, a sensitive detection method is required. In sports drug testing, alternative matrices such as dried blood spots (DBS) are gaining increasing attention as they can provide several advantages over conventional matrices. Materials & methods: Herein, two complementary LC–high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) detection methods for sotatercept from DBS, an initial testing procedure (ITP) and a confirmation procedure (CP) were developed and validated for the first time. Both methods comprise an ultrasonication-assisted extraction, affinity enrichment, proteolytic digestion and HRMS detection. Results & conclusion: For the multianalyte ITP, artificial samples fortified with sotatercept, luspatercept and bimagrumab, and authentic specimens containing bimagrumab were successfully analyzed as proof-of-concept. The validated detection methods for sotatercept are fit for purpose and the ITP was shown to be suitable for the detection of novel IgG-based pharmaceuticals in doping control DBS samples.
Collapse
|
21
|
Schmidt L, Taiyab A, Melvin VS, Jones KL, Williams T. Increased FGF8 signaling promotes chondrogenic rather than osteogenic development in the embryonic skull. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm031526. [PMID: 29752281 PMCID: PMC6031357 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.031526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bones of the cranial vault are formed directly from mesenchymal cells through intramembranous ossification rather than via a cartilage intermediate. Formation and growth of the skull bones involves the interaction of multiple cell-cell signaling pathways, with fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors exerting a prominent influence. Mutations within the FGF signaling pathway are the most frequent cause of craniosynostosis, which is a common human craniofacial developmental abnormality characterized by the premature fusion of the cranial sutures. Here, we have developed new mouse models to investigate how different levels of increased FGF signaling can affect the formation of the calvarial bones and associated sutures. Whereas moderate Fgf8 overexpression resulted in delayed ossification followed by craniosynostosis of the coronal suture, higher Fgf8 levels promoted a loss of ossification and favored cartilage over bone formation across the skull. By contrast, endochondral bones were still able to form and ossify in the presence of increased levels of Fgf8, although the growth and mineralization of these bones were affected to varying extents. Expression analysis demonstrated that abnormal skull chondrogenesis was accompanied by changes in the genes required for Wnt signaling. Moreover, further analysis indicated that the pathology was associated with decreased Wnt signaling, as the reduction in ossification could be partially rescued by halving Axin2 gene dosage. Taken together, these findings indicate that mesenchymal cells of the skull are not fated to form bone, but can be forced into a chondrogenic fate through the manipulation of FGF8 signaling. These results have implications for evolution of the different methods of ossification as well as for therapeutic intervention in craniosynostosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Schmidt
- Program of Reproductive Sciences and Integrated Physiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Aftab Taiyab
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vida Senkus Melvin
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Trevor Williams
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Maddaluno L, Urwyler C, Werner S. Fibroblast growth factors: key players in regeneration and tissue repair. Development 2017; 144:4047-4060. [PMID: 29138288 DOI: 10.1242/dev.152587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue injury initiates a complex repair process, which in some organisms can lead to the complete regeneration of a tissue. In mammals, however, the repair of most organs is imperfect and results in scar formation. Both regeneration and repair are orchestrated by a highly coordinated interplay of different growth factors and cytokines. Among the key players are the fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), which control the migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival of different cell types. In addition, FGFs influence the expression of other factors involved in the regenerative response. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the roles of endogenous FGFs in regeneration and repair in different organisms and in different tissues and organs. Gaining a better understanding of these FGF activities is important for appropriate modulation of FGF signaling after injury to prevent impaired healing and to promote organ regeneration in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Maddaluno
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Urwyler
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Murphy MP, Quarto N, Longaker MT, Wan DC. * Calvarial Defects: Cell-Based Reconstructive Strategies in the Murine Model. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:971-981. [PMID: 28825366 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Calvarial defects pose a continued clinical dilemma for reconstruction. Advancements within the fields of stem cell biology and tissue engineering have enabled researchers to develop reconstructive strategies using animal models. We review the utility of various animal models and focus on the mouse, which has aided investigators in understanding cranial development and calvarial bone healing. The murine model has also been used to study regenerative approaches to critical-sized calvarial defects, and we discuss the application of stem cells such as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, adipose-derived stromal cells, muscle-derived stem cells, and pluripotent stem cells to address deficient bone in this animal. Finally, we highlight strategies to manipulate stem cells using various growth factors and inhibitors and ultimately how these factors may prove crucial in future advancements within calvarial reconstruction using native skeletal stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Murphy
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Stanford University , Stanford, California.,2 Lorry I. Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, Stanford Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Stanford University , Stanford, California
| | - Natalina Quarto
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Stanford University , Stanford, California
| | - Michael T Longaker
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Stanford University , Stanford, California.,2 Lorry I. Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, Stanford Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Stanford University , Stanford, California
| | - Derrick C Wan
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Stanford University , Stanford, California
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Charoenlarp P, Rajendran AK, Iseki S. Role of fibroblast growth factors in bone regeneration. Inflamm Regen 2017; 37:10. [PMID: 29259709 PMCID: PMC5725923 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-017-0043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a metabolically active organ that undergoes continuous remodeling throughout life. However, many complex skeletal defects such as large traumatic bone defects or extensive bone loss after tumor resection may cause failure of bone healing. Effective therapies for these conditions typically employ combinations of cells, scaffolds, and bioactive factors. In this review, we pay attention to one of the three factors required for regeneration of bone, bioactive factors, especially the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. This family is composed of 22 members and associated with various biological functions including skeletal formation. Based on the phenotypes of genetically modified mice and spatio-temporal expression levels during bone fracture healing, FGF2, FGF9, and FGF18 are regarded as possible candidates useful for bone regeneration. The role of these candidate FGFs in bone regeneration is also discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pornkawee Charoenlarp
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549 Japan
| | - Arun Kumar Rajendran
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549 Japan
| | - Sachiko Iseki
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Western AG, Bekvalac JJ. Hyperostosis frontalis interna in female historic skeletal populations: Age, sex hormones and the impact of industrialization. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 162:501-515. [PMID: 27901271 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This analysis aims to investigate the impact of industrialization on the prevalence of Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna (HFI), focusing on the roles of age and parity to examine the claim that longevity and changing reproductive patterns have led to increased rates in modern populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 138 individuals from two documented London skeletal assemblages of the Industrial period were analyzed employing macroscopic observation, digital radiography and MicroCT scanning to establish the prevalence rates of HFI according to modern clinical standards. Statistical analysis was also undertaken on a sub-sample of 51 females of post-menopausal age to identify any relationship between parity and HFI. RESULTS The majority of cases of HFI were found in older females, reflecting clinical observations. The prevalence rates of HFI corresponded well to those predicted from the proportion of old age females present within populations. Age was therefore shown to be a predominant factor in HFI presence. A plateau in HFI prevalence was noted from the age of 50-59 years onwards. No statistically significant relationship was found between parity and HFI. DISCUSSION When recorded consistently, HFI was positively correlated with age and longevity but had also increased among old age females over time. Our results suggest that nulliparity co-occurs with HFI but is not a primary factor in its pathogenesis. Key factors in HFI presence in females are likely to be increased androgens and the dysregulation of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A G Western
- Centre for Human Bioarchaeology, Museum of London, London, England
| | - J J Bekvalac
- Centre for Human Bioarchaeology, Museum of London, London, England
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Park S, Zhao H, Urata M, Chai Y. Sutures Possess Strong Regenerative Capacity for Calvarial Bone Injury. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1801-1807. [PMID: 27762665 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Repair of calvarial bony defects remains challenging for craniofacial surgeons. Injury experiments on animal calvarial bones are widely used to study healing mechanisms and test tissue engineering approaches. Previously, we identified Gli1+ cells within the calvarial sutures as stem cells supporting calvarial bone turnover and injury repair. In this study, we tested the regenerative capacity of the suture region compared with other areas of calvarial bone. Injuries were made to mouse sagittal sutures or other areas of the calvarial bone at varying distances from the suture. Samples were collected at different time points after injury for evaluation. MicroCT and histological analyses were conducted. EdU incorporation analysis was performed to assay cell proliferation. Gli1-CreERT2;Tdtomatoflox mice were used to trace the fate of Gli1+ stem cells after injury. Calvarial sutures possess much stronger regeneration capability than the nonsuture bony areas of the calvaria. The healing rate of the calvarial bone is inversely proportional to the distance between the suture and injury site: injuries closer to the suture heal faster. After complete removal of the sagittal suture, regeneration and restoration of normal organization occur within 6 weeks. Gli1+ cells within the suture mesenchyme are the cellular source for injury repair and bone regeneration. These results demonstrate that calvarial bone healing is not an evenly distributed event on the calvarial surface. Sutures contain stem cells and are the origin of calvarial bone tissue regeneration. Therefore, current practice in calvarial surgery needs to be reevaluated and modified. These findings also necessitate the design of new approaches for repairing calvarial bony defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shery Park
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Hu Zhao
- 2 Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University , Houston, Texas
| | - Mark Urata
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Yang Chai
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Weekes D, Kashima TG, Zandueta C, Perurena N, Thomas DP, Sunters A, Vuillier C, Bozec A, El-Emir E, Miletich I, Patiño-Garcia A, Lecanda F, Grigoriadis AE. Regulation of osteosarcoma cell lung metastasis by the c-Fos/AP-1 target FGFR1. Oncogene 2016; 35:2852-61. [PMID: 26387545 PMCID: PMC4688957 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of the skeleton and is prevalent in children and adolescents. Survival rates are poor and have remained stagnant owing to chemoresistance and the high propensity to form lung metastases. In this study, we used in vivo transgenic models of c-fos oncogene-induced osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma in addition to c-Fos-inducible systems in vitro to investigate downstream signalling pathways that regulate osteosarcoma growth and metastasis. Fgfr1 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 1) was identified as a novel c-Fos/activator protein-1(AP-1)-regulated gene. Induction of c-Fos in vitro in osteoblasts and chondroblasts caused an increase in Fgfr1 RNA and FGFR1 protein expression levels that resulted in increased and sustained activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), morphological transformation and increased anchorage-independent growth in response to FGF2 ligand treatment. High levels of FGFR1 protein and activated pFRS2α signalling were observed in murine and human osteosarcomas. Pharmacological inhibition of FGFR1 signalling blocked MAPK activation and colony growth of osteosarcoma cells in vitro. Orthotopic injection in vivo of FGFR1-silenced osteosarcoma cells caused a marked twofold to fivefold decrease in spontaneous lung metastases. Similarly, inhibition of FGFR signalling in vivo with the small-molecule inhibitor AZD4547 markedly reduced the number and size of metastatic nodules. Thus deregulated FGFR signalling has an important role in osteoblast transformation and osteosarcoma formation and regulates the development of lung metastases. Our findings support the development of anti-FGFR inhibitors as potential antimetastatic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Weekes
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King’s College London, UK
| | - Takeshi G Kashima
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King’s College London, UK
| | - Carolina Zandueta
- Division of Oncology, Adhesion and Metastasis Laboratory, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Naiara Perurena
- Division of Oncology, Adhesion and Metastasis Laboratory, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - David P Thomas
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King’s College London, UK
| | - Andrew Sunters
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King’s College London, UK
| | - Céline Vuillier
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King’s College London, UK
| | - Aline Bozec
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ethaar El-Emir
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King’s College London, UK
| | - Isabelle Miletich
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King’s College London, UK
| | - Ana Patiño-Garcia
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando Lecanda
- Division of Oncology, Adhesion and Metastasis Laboratory, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Senarath-Yapa K, Li S, Walmsley GG, Zielins E, Paik K, Britto JA, Grigoriadis AE, Wan DC, Liu KJ, Longaker MT, Quarto N. Small Molecule Inhibition of Transforming Growth Factor Beta Signaling Enables the Endogenous Regenerative Potential of the Mammalian Calvarium. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:707-20. [PMID: 27036931 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Current approaches for the treatment of skeletal defects are suboptimal, principally because the ability of bone to repair and regenerate is poor. Although the promise of effective cellular therapies for skeletal repair is encouraging, these approaches are limited by the risks of infection, cellular contamination, and tumorigenicity. Development of a pharmacological approach would therefore help avoid some of these potential risks. This study identifies transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling as a potential pathway for pharmacological modulation in vivo. We demonstrate that inhibition of TGFβ signaling by the small molecule SB431542 potentiates calvarial skeletal repair through activation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling on osteoblasts and dura mater cells participating in healing of calvarial defects. Cells respond to inhibition of TGFβ signaling by producing higher levels of BMP2 that upregulates inhibitory Smad6 expression, thus providing a negative feedback loop to contain excessive BMP signaling. Importantly, study on human osteoblasts indicates that molecular mechanism(s) triggered by SB431542 are conserved. Collectively, these data provide insights into the use of small molecules to modulate key signaling pathways for repairing skeletal defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kshemendra Senarath-Yapa
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California.,2 Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute , King's College London, London, United Kingdom .,3 Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, North Western Deanery , Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Shuli Li
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Graham G Walmsley
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California.,4 Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Elizabeth Zielins
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Kevin Paik
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Jonathan A Britto
- 5 Department of Craniofacial Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital , London, United Kingdom
| | - Agamemnon E Grigoriadis
- 2 Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute , King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Derrick C Wan
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Karen J Liu
- 2 Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute , King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael T Longaker
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California.,4 Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Natalina Quarto
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California.,6 Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Walmsley GG, Senarath-Yapa K, Wearda TL, Menon S, Hu MS, Duscher D, Maan ZN, Tsai JM, Zielins ER, Weissman IL, Gurtner GC, Lorenz HP, Longaker MT. Surveillance of Stem Cell Fate and Function: A System for Assessing Cell Survival and Collagen Expression In Situ. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 22:31-40. [PMID: 26486617 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy is an emerging paradigm in skeletal regenerative medicine. However, the primary means by which transplanted cells contribute to bone repair and regeneration remain controversial. To gain an insight into the mechanisms of how both transplanted and endogenous cells mediate skeletal healing, we used a transgenic mouse strain expressing both the topaz variant of green fluorescent protein under the control of the collagen, type I, alpha 1 promoter/enhancer sequence (Col1a1(GFP)) and membrane-bound tomato red fluorescent protein constitutively in all cell types (R26(mTmG)). A comparison of healing in parietal versus frontal calvarial defects in these mice revealed that frontal osteoblasts express Col1a1 to a greater degree than parietal osteoblasts. Furthermore, the scaffold-based application of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs), bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), and osteoblasts derived from these mice to critical-sized calvarial defects allowed for investigation of cell survival and function following transplantation. We found that ASCs led to significantly faster rates of bone healing in comparison to BM-MSCs and osteoblasts. ASCs displayed both increased survival and increased Col1a1 expression compared to BM-MSCs and osteoblasts following calvarial defect transplantation, which may explain their superior regenerative capacity in the context of bone healing. Using this novel reporter system, we were able to elucidate how cell-based therapies impact bone healing and identify ASCs as an attractive candidate for cell-based skeletal regenerative therapy. These insights potentially influence stem cell selection in translational clinical trials evaluating cell-based therapeutics for osseous repair and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graham G Walmsley
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California.,2 Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Kshemendra Senarath-Yapa
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Taylor L Wearda
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Siddharth Menon
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Michael S Hu
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California.,2 Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Dominik Duscher
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Zeshaan N Maan
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Jonathan M Tsai
- 2 Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Elizabeth R Zielins
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Irving L Weissman
- 2 Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Geoffrey C Gurtner
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - H Peter Lorenz
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Michael T Longaker
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California.,2 Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li S, Quarto N, Senarath-Yapa K, Grey N, Bai X, Longaker MT. Enhanced Activation of Canonical Wnt Signaling Confers Mesoderm-Derived Parietal Bone with Similar Osteogenic and Skeletal Healing Capacity to Neural Crest-Derived Frontal Bone. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138059. [PMID: 26431534 PMCID: PMC4592195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone formation and skeletal repair are dynamic processes involving a fine-tuned balance between osteoblast proliferation and differentiation orchestrated by multiple signaling pathways. Canonical Wnt (cWnt) signaling is known to playing a key role in these processes. In the current study, using a transgenic mouse model with targeted disruption of axin2, a negative regulator of cWnt signaling, we investigated the impact of enhanced activation of cWnt signaling on the osteogenic capacity and skeletal repair. Specifically, we looked at two calvarial bones of different embryonic tissue origin: the neural crest-derived frontal bone and the mesoderm-derived parietal bone, and we investigated the proliferation and apoptotic activity of frontal and parietal bones and derived osteoblasts. We found dramatic differences in cell proliferation and apoptotic activity between Axin2-/- and wild type calvarial bones, with Axin2-/- showing increased proliferative activity and reduced levels of apoptosis. Furthermore, we compared osteoblast differentiation and bone regeneration in Axin2-/- and wild type neural crest-derived frontal and mesoderm-derived parietal bones, respectively. Our results demonstrate a significant increase either in osteoblast differentiation or bone regeneration in Axin2-/- mice as compared to wild type, with Axin2-/- parietal bone and derived osteoblasts displaying a “neural crest-derived frontal bone-like” profile, which is typically characterized by higher osteogenic capacity and skeletal repair than parietal bone. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that enhanced activation of cWnt signaling increases the skeletal potential of a calvarial bone of mesoderm origin, such as the parietial bone to a degree similar to that of a neural crest origin bone, like the frontal bone. Thus, providing further evidence for the central role played by the cWnt signaling in osteogenesis and skeletal-bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Li
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Natalina Quarto
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Universita’ degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
- * E-mail: (NQ); (MTL)
| | - Kshemendra Senarath-Yapa
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel Grey
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Xue Bai
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NQ); (MTL)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Charles LF, Woodman JL, Ueno D, Gronowicz G, Hurley MM, Kuhn LT. Effects of low dose FGF-2 and BMP-2 on healing of calvarial defects in old mice. Exp Gerontol 2015; 64:62-9. [PMID: 25681640 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is an age-associated reduction in the bone healing activity of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) that is currently addressed by administering higher doses of BMP-2 in elderly patients. The unwanted medical complications from high dose BMP-2 motivated this investigation to determine whether the addition of a low dose of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) could enhance the ability of a lower dose of BMP-2 to heal calvarial bone defects in old mice (18-20 months old). FGF-2 (5 ng) and BMP-2 (2 μg) were administered by a controlled release two-phase biomaterial scaffold placed into the bone defect. FGF-2 released more rapidly and completely in vitro than BMP-2 (40% vs 2%). In vivo, both BMP-2 and FGF-2+BMP-2 groups formed more new bone in calvarial defects than scaffold alone (p < 0.001) or FGF-2 only groups (p < 0.01). The overall total volume of new bone was not statistically increased by the addition of FGF-2 to BMP-2 as measured by microCT, but the pattern of bone deposition was different. In old mice, but not young, there was enhanced bony fill in the central bone defect area when the BMP-2 was supplemented with FGF-2. Histological analysis of the center of the defect revealed an increased bone volume (%BV/TV (p = 0.004)) from the addition of FGF-2. These studies suggest that combining a low dose of FGF-2 with a low dose of BMP-2 has the potential to increase bone healing in old mice relative to BMP-2 alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyndon F Charles
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Jessica L Woodman
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Daisuke Ueno
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Gloria Gronowicz
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Marja M Hurley
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Liisa T Kuhn
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Diabetes-induced fibrotic matrix inhibits intramembranous bone healing. J Cell Commun Signal 2014; 9:19-26. [PMID: 25186349 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-014-0242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes diminishes bone healing and ossification. Reduced bone formation in intramembranous ossification is known, yet the mechanism(s) behind impaired intramembranous bone healing are unclear. Here we report the formation of a fibrotic matrix during healing of intramembranous calvarial bone defects that appears to exclude new bone growth. Our histological analyses of 7-day and 14-day calvaria bone healing tissue in chemically-induced diabetic mice and non-diabetic mice showed the accumulation of a non-mineralized fibrotic matrix, likely as a consequence of unresolved hematomas under diabetic conditions. Elevated mRNA and enzyme activity levels of lysyl oxidase on day 7 in diabetic bone healing tissues also supports that the formation of a fibrotic matrix occurs in these tissues. Based on these findings, we propose that elevated fibroblast proliferation and formation of a non-mineralized fibrotic extracellular matrix in diabetes contributes to deficient intramembranous bone healing in diabetes. A greater understanding of this process has relevance to managing dental procedures in diabetics in which successful outcomes depend on intramembranous bone formation.
Collapse
|
33
|
Senarath-Yapa K, McArdle A, Renda A, Longaker MT, Quarto N. Adipose-derived stem cells: a review of signaling networks governing cell fate and regenerative potential in the context of craniofacial and long bone skeletal repair. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:9314-30. [PMID: 24865492 PMCID: PMC4100096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15069314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvements in medical care, nutrition and social care are resulting in a commendable change in world population demographics with an ever increasing skew towards an aging population. As the proportion of the world's population that is considered elderly increases, so does the incidence of osteodegenerative disease and the resultant burden on healthcare. The increasing demand coupled with the limitations of contemporary approaches, have provided the impetus to develop novel tissue regeneration therapies. The use of stem cells, with their potential for self-renewal and differentiation, is one potential solution. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), which are relatively easy to harvest and readily available have emerged as an ideal candidate. In this review, we explore the potential for ASCs to provide tangible therapies for craniofacial and long bone skeletal defects, outline key signaling pathways that direct these cells and describe how the developmental signaling program may provide clues on how to guide these cells in vivo. This review also provides an overview of the importance of establishing an osteogenic microniche using appropriately customized scaffolds and delineates some of the key challenges that still need to be overcome for adult stem cell skeletal regenerative therapy to become a clinical reality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kshemendra Senarath-Yapa
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2200, USA; E-Mails: (K.S.-Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Adrian McArdle
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2200, USA; E-Mails: (K.S.-Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Renda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Universita’ degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli 80131, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2200, USA; E-Mails: (K.S.-Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Natalina Quarto
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2200, USA; E-Mails: (K.S.-Y.); (A.M.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Universita’ degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli 80131, Italy; E-Mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
|
35
|
Xiao L, Ueno D, Catros S, Homer-Bouthiette C, Charles L, Kuhn L, Hurley MM. Fibroblast growth factor-2 isoform (low molecular weight/18 kDa) overexpression in preosteoblast cells promotes bone regeneration in critical size calvarial defects in male mice. Endocrinology 2014; 155:965-74. [PMID: 24424065 PMCID: PMC3929728 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Repair of bone defects remains a significant clinical problem. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is US Food and Drug Administration-approved for fracture healing but is expensive and has associated morbidity. Studies have shown that targeted overexpression of the 18-kDa low-molecular-weight fibroblast growth factor 2 isoform (LMW) by the osteoblastic lineage of transgenic mice increased bone mass. This study tested the hypotheses that overexpression of LMW would directly enhance healing of a critical size calvarial bone defect in mice and that this overexpression would have a synergistic effect with low-dose administration of BMP2 on critical size calvarial bone defect healing. Bilateral calvarial defects were created in LMW transgenic male mice and control/vector transgenic (Vector) male mice and scaffold with or without BMP2 was placed into the defects. New bone formation was assessed by VIVA-computed tomography of live animals over a 27-week period. Radiographic and computed tomography analysis revealed that at all time points, healing of the defect was enhanced in LMW mice compared with that in Vector mice. Although the very low concentration of BMP2 did not heal the defect in Vector mice, it resulted in complete healing of the defect in LMW mice. Histomorphometric and gene analysis revealed that targeted overexpression of LMW in osteoblast precursors resulted in enhanced calvarial defect healing due to increased osteoblast activity and increased canonical Wnt signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xiao
- Department of Medicine (L.X., C.H.-B., M.M.H.) and Department of Reconstructive Sciences (L.C., L.K.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030; Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology (D.U.), Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama 230, Japan; and Inserm U1026 (S.C.), University of Bordeaux Segalen, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Neural crest cell signaling pathways critical to cranial bone development and pathology. Exp Cell Res 2014; 325:138-47. [PMID: 24509233 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neural crest cells appear early during embryogenesis and give rise to many structures in the mature adult. In particular, a specific population of neural crest cells migrates to and populates developing cranial tissues. The ensuing differentiation of these cells via individual complex and often intersecting signaling pathways is indispensible to growth and development of the craniofacial complex. Much research has been devoted to this area of development with particular emphasis on cell signaling events required for physiologic development. Understanding such mechanisms will allow researchers to investigate ways in which they can be exploited in order to treat a multitude of diseases affecting the craniofacial complex. Knowing how these multipotent cells are driven towards distinct fates could, in due course, allow patients to receive regenerative therapies for tissues lost to a variety of pathologies. In order to realize this goal, nucleotide sequencing advances allowing snapshots of entire genomes and exomes are being utilized to identify molecular entities associated with disease states. Once identified, these entities can be validated for biological significance with other methods. A crucial next step is the integration of knowledge gleaned from observations in disease states with normal physiology to generate an explanatory model for craniofacial development. This review seeks to provide a current view of the landscape on cell signaling and fate determination of the neural crest and to provide possible avenues of approach for future research.
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu J, Nam HK, Wang E, Hatch NE. Further analysis of the Crouzon mouse: effects of the FGFR2(C342Y) mutation are cranial bone-dependent. Calcif Tissue Int 2013; 92:451-66. [PMID: 23358860 PMCID: PMC3631296 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-013-9701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Crouzon syndrome is a debilitating congenital disorder involving abnormal craniofacial skeletal development caused by mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR2). Phenotypic expression in humans exhibits an autosomal dominant pattern that commonly involves premature fusion of the coronal suture (craniosynostosis) and severe midface hypoplasia. To further investigate the biologic mechanisms by which the Crouzon syndrome-associated FGFR2(C342Y) mutation leads to abnormal craniofacial skeletal development, we created congenic BALB/c FGFR2(C342Y/+) mice. Here, we show that BALB/c FGFR2(C342Y/+) mice have a consistent craniofacial phenotype including partial fusion of the coronal and lambdoid sutures, intersphenoidal synchondrosis, and multiple facial bones, with minimal fusion of other craniofacial sutures. This phenotype is similar to the classic and less severe form of Crouzon syndrome that involves significant midface hypoplasia with limited craniosynostosis. Linear and morphometric analyses demonstrate that FGFR2(C342Y/+) mice on the BALB/c genetic background differ significantly in form and shape from their wild-type littermates and that in this genetic background the FGFR2(C342Y) mutation preferentially affects some craniofacial bones and sutures over others. Analysis of cranial bone cells indicates that the FGFR2(C342Y) mutation promotes aberrant osteoblast differentiation and increased apoptosis that is more severe in frontal than parietal bone cells. Additionally, FGFR2(C342Y/+) frontal, but not parietal, bones exhibit significantly diminished bone volume and density compared to wild-type mice. These results confirm that FGFR2-associated craniosynostosis occurs in association with diminished cranial bone tissue and may provide a potential biologic explanation for the clinical finding of phenotype consistency that exists between many Crouzon syndrome patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hwa Kyung Nam
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Estee Wang
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nan E. Hatch
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Correspondence: Dr. Nan Hatch, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, (734) 615-8790 phone, (734) 763-8100 fax,
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Li S, Meyer NP, Quarto N, Longaker MT. Integration of multiple signaling regulates through apoptosis the differential osteogenic potential of neural crest-derived and mesoderm-derived Osteoblasts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58610. [PMID: 23536803 PMCID: PMC3607600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural crest-derived (FOb) and mesoderm-derived (POb) calvarial osteoblasts are characterized by distinct differences in their osteogenic potential. We have previously demonstrated that enhanced activation of endogenous FGF and Wnt signaling confers greater osteogenic potential to FOb. Apoptosis, a key player in bone formation, is the main focus of this study. In the current work, we have investigated the apoptotic activity of FOb and POb cells during differentiation. We found that lower apoptosis, as measured by caspase-3 activity is a major feature of neural crest-derived osteoblast which also have higher osteogenic capacity. Further investigation indicated TGF-β signaling as main positive regulator of apoptosis in these two populations of calvarial osteoblasts, while BMP and canonical Wnt signaling negatively regulate the process. By either inducing or inhibiting these signaling pathways we could modulate apoptotic events and improve the osteogenic potential of POb. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that integration of multiple signaling pathways contribute to imparting greater osteogenic potential to FOb by decreasing apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Li
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel P. Meyer
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Natalina Quarto
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Universita’ degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
- * E-mail: (NQ); (MTL)
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NQ); (MTL)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Senarath-Yapa K, Li S, Meyer NP, Longaker MT, Quarto N. Integration of multiple signaling pathways determines differences in the osteogenic potential and tissue regeneration of neural crest-derived and mesoderm-derived calvarial bones. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:5978-97. [PMID: 23502464 PMCID: PMC3634461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14035978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian skull vault, a product of a unique and tightly regulated evolutionary process, in which components of disparate embryonic origin are integrated, is an elegant model with which to study osteoblast biology. Our laboratory has demonstrated that this distinct embryonic origin of frontal and parietal bones confer differences in embryonic and postnatal osteogenic potential and skeletal regenerative capacity, with frontal neural crest derived osteoblasts benefitting from greater osteogenic potential. We outline how this model has been used to elucidate some of the molecular mechanisms which underlie these differences and place these findings into the context of our current understanding of the key, highly conserved, pathways which govern the osteoblast lineage including FGF, BMP, Wnt and TGFβ signaling. Furthermore, we explore recent studies which have provided a tantalizing insight into way these pathways interact, with evidence accumulating for certain transcription factors, such as Runx2, acting as a nexus for cross-talk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kshemendra Senarath-Yapa
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; E-Mails: (K.S.-Y.); (S.L.); (N.P.M.)
| | - Shuli Li
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; E-Mails: (K.S.-Y.); (S.L.); (N.P.M.)
| | - Nathaniel P. Meyer
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; E-Mails: (K.S.-Y.); (S.L.); (N.P.M.)
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; E-Mails: (K.S.-Y.); (S.L.); (N.P.M.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (M.T.L.); (N.Q.); Tel.: +1-650-7361-704; Fax: +1-650-7361-705
| | - Natalina Quarto
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; E-Mails: (K.S.-Y.); (S.L.); (N.P.M.)
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, University of Studies of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (M.T.L.); (N.Q.); Tel.: +1-650-7361-704; Fax: +1-650-7361-705
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lo DD, Mackanos MA, Chung MT, Hyun JS, Montoro DT, Grova M, Liu C, Wang J, Palanker D, Connolly AJ, Longaker MT, Contag CH, Wan DC. Femtosecond plasma mediated laser ablation has advantages over mechanical osteotomy of cranial bone. Lasers Surg Med 2012. [PMID: 23184427 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although mechanical osteotomies are frequently made on the craniofacial skeleton, collateral thermal, and mechanical trauma to adjacent bone tissue causes cell death and may delay healing. The present study evaluated the use of plasma-mediated laser ablation using a femtosecond laser to circumvent thermal damage and improve bone regeneration. METHODS Critical-size circular calvarial defects were created with a trephine drill bit or with a Ti:Sapphire femtosecond pulsed laser. Healing was followed using micro-CT scans for 8 weeks. Calvaria were also harvested at various time points for histological analysis. Finally, scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the microstructure of bone tissue treated with the Ti:Sapphire laser, and compared to that treated with the trephine bur. RESULTS Laser-created defects healed significantly faster than those created mechanically at 2, 4, and 6 weeks post-surgery. However, at 8 weeks post-surgery, there was no significant difference. In the drill osteotomy treatment group, empty osteocyte lacunae were seen to extend 699 ± 27 µm away from the edge of the defect. In marked contrast, empty osteocyte lacunae were seen to extend only 182 ± 22 µm away from the edge of the laser-created craters. Significantly less ossification and formation of irregular woven bone was noted on histological analysis for drill defects. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate accelerated bone healing after femtosecond laser ablation in a calvarial defect model compared to traditional mechanical drilling techniques. Improved rates of early regeneration make plasma-mediated ablation of the craniofacial skeleton advantageous for applications to osteotomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David D Lo
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5427, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Behr B, Sorkin M, Lehnhardt M, Renda A, Longaker MT, Quarto N. A comparative analysis of the osteogenic effects of BMP-2, FGF-2, and VEGFA in a calvarial defect model. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:1079-86. [PMID: 22195699 PMCID: PMC3338108 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of growth factors for bone regeneration is a widely studied field. Since the approval of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) for therapeutic use in humans, the concept of utilizing growth factors for bone regeneration in translational medicine has become even more attractive. Despite many studies published on individual growth factors in various bone models, comparative analysis is largely lacking. The aim of our study was to compare three different proosteogenic factors under identical in vivo conditions. Thus, we tested the bone regeneration capacity of the three different growth factors BMP-2, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in a calvarial defect model. We demonstrated that BMP-2 and VEGFA had similar bone healing capacities, resulting in complete calvarial healing as early as week 3. FGF-2 also showed a significantly higher bone regeneration capacity; however, the healing rate was lower than with BMP-2 and VEGFA. Interestingly, these findings were paralleled by an increased angiogenic response upon healing in BMP-2- and VEGFA-treated calvarial defects as compared with FGF-2. Immunohistochemistry for proliferating and osteoprogenitor cells revealed activity at different points after surgery among the groups. In conclusion, we demonstrated an efficient bone regeneration capacity of both BMP-2 and VEGFA, which was superior to FGF-2. Moreover, this study highlights the efficient bone regeneration of VEGFA, which was comparable with BMP-2. These data provide a valuable comparative analysis, which can be used to further optimize growth factor-based strategies in skeletal tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Behr
- Children's Surgical Research Program, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5148, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yun YR, Jang JH, Jeon E, Kang W, Lee S, Won JE, Kim HW, Wall I. Administration of growth factors for bone regeneration. Regen Med 2012; 7:369-85. [DOI: 10.2217/rme.12.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth factors (GFs) such as BMPs, FGFs, VEGFs and IGFs have significant impacts on osteoblast behavior, and thus have been widely utilized for bone tissue regeneration. Recently, securing biological stability for a sustainable and controllable release to the target tissue has been a challenge to practical applications. This challenge has been addressed to some degree with the development of appropriate carrier materials and delivery systems. This review highlights the importance and roles of those GFs, as well as their proper administration for targeting bone regeneration. Additionally, the in vitro and in vivo performance of those GFs with or without the use of carrier systems in the repair and regeneration of bone tissue is systematically addressed. Moreover, some recent advances in the utility of the GFs, such as using fusion technology, are also reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Rang Yun
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - Jun Hyeog Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-712, Korea
| | - Eunyi Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-712, Korea
| | - Wonmo Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-712, Korea
| | - Sujin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-712, Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Won
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & WCU Research Center, Dankook University Graduate School, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - Hae Won Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - Ivan Wall
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & WCU Research Center, Dankook University Graduate School, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Levi B, Nelson ER, Li S, James AW, Hyun JS, Montoro DT, Lee M, Glotzbach JP, Commons GW, Longaker MT. Dura mater stimulates human adipose-derived stromal cells to undergo bone formation in mouse calvarial defects. Stem Cells 2011; 29:1241-55. [PMID: 21656608 DOI: 10.1002/stem.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stromal cells (hASCs) have a proven capacity to aid in osseous repair of calvarial defects. However, the bone defect microenvironment necessary for osseous healing is not fully understood. In this study, we postulated that the cell-cell interaction between engrafted ASCs and host dura mater (DM) cells is critical for the healing of calvarial defects. hASCs were engrafted into critical sized calvarial mouse defects. The DM-hASC interaction was manipulated surgically by DM removal or by insertion of a semipermeable or nonpermeable membrane between DM and hASCs. Radiographic, histologic, and gene expression analyses were performed. Next, the hASC-DM interaction is assessed by conditioned media (CM) and coculture assays. Finally, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling from DM was investigated in vivo using novel BMP-2 and anti-BMP-2/4 slow releasing scaffolds. With intact DM, osseous healing occurs both from host DM and engrafted hASCs. Interference with the DM-hASC interaction dramatically reduced calvarial healing with abrogated BMP-2-Smad-1/5 signaling. Using CM and coculture assays, mouse DM cells stimulated hASC osteogenesis via BMP signaling. Through in vivo manipulation of the BMP-2 pathway, we found that BMP-2 plays an important role in DM stimulation of hASC osteogenesis in the context of calvarial bone healing. BMP-2 supplementation to a defect with disrupted DM allowed for bone formation in a nonhealing defect. DM is an osteogenic cell type that both participates in and stimulates osseous healing in a hASC-engrafted calvarial defect. Furthermore, DM-derived BMP-2 paracrine stimulation appears to play a key role for hASC mediated repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Levi
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5148, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Behr B, Sorkin M, Manu A, Lehnhardt M, Longaker MT, Quarto N. Fgf-18 is required for osteogenesis but not angiogenesis during long bone repair. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:2061-9. [PMID: 21457097 PMCID: PMC3142654 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a complex event that requires the interaction of numerous growth factors. Fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)-ligands have been previously described for their importance in osteogenesis during development. In the current study, we investigated the role of Fgf-18 during bone regeneration. By utilizing a unicortical tibial defect model, we revealed that mice haploinsufficient for Fgf-18 have a markedly reduced healing capacity as compared with wild-type mice. Reduced levels of Runx2 and Osteocalcin but not Vegfa accompanied the impaired bone regeneration. Interestingly, our data indicated that upon injury angiogenesis was not impaired in Fgf-18(+/-) mice. Moreover, other Fgf-ligands and Bmp-2 could not compensate for the loss of Fgf-18. Finally, application of FGF-18 protein was able to rescue the impaired healing in Fgf-18(+/-) mice. Thus, we identified Fgf-18 as an important mediator of bone regeneration, which is required during later stages of bone regeneration. This study provides hints on how to engineering efficiently programmed bony tissue for long bone repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Behr
- Hagey Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- BG-Unfallklinik Ludwigshafen, Department of Plastic- and Handsurgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Sorkin
- Hagey Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Alina Manu
- Hagey Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Marcus Lehnhardt
- BG-Unfallklinik Ludwigshafen, Department of Plastic- and Handsurgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Natalina Quarto
- Hagey Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso M. S. Angelo, Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Behr B, Tang C, Germann G, Longaker MT, Quarto N. Locally applied vascular endothelial growth factor A increases the osteogenic healing capacity of human adipose-derived stem cells by promoting osteogenic and endothelial differentiation. Stem Cells 2011; 29:286-96. [PMID: 21732486 PMCID: PMC3400547 DOI: 10.1002/stem.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) are known for their capability to promote bone healing when applied to bone defects. For bone tissue regeneration, both sufficient angiogenesis and osteogenesis is desirable. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) has the potential to promote differentiation of common progenitor cells to both lineages. To test this hypothesis, the effects of VEGFA on hASCs during osteogenic differentiation were tested in vitro. In addition, hASCs were seeded in murine critical-sized calvarial defects locally treated with VEGFA. Our results suggest that VEGFA improves osteogenic differentiation in vitro as indicated by alkaline phosphatase activity, alizarin red staining, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Moreover, local application of VEGFA to hASCs significantly improved healing of critical-sized calvarial defects in vivo. This repair was accompanied by a striking enhancement of angiogenesis. Both paracrine and, to a lesser degree, cell-autonomous effects of VEGFA-treated hASCs were accountable for angiogenesis. These data were confirmed by using CD31(-) /CD45(-) mouse ASCs(GFP+) cells. In summary, we demonstrated that VEGFA increased osteogenic differentiation of hASCS in vitro and in vivo, which was accompanied by an enhancement of angiogenesis. Additionally, we showed that during bone regeneration, the increase in angiogenesis of hASCs on treatment with VEGFA was attributable to both paracrine and cell-autonomous effects. Thus, locally applied VEGFA might prove to be a valuable growth factor that can mediate both osteogenesis and angiogenesis of multipotent hASCs in the context of bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Behr
- Children's Surgical Research Program, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- BG-Unfallklinik Ludwigshafen, Department of Plastic- and Handsurgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chad Tang
- Department of Pathology, Developmental Biology and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Günter Germann
- BG-Unfallklinik Ludwigshafen, Department of Plastic- and Handsurgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Children's Surgical Research Program, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Natalina Quarto
- Children's Surgical Research Program, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso M. S. Angelo, Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kwan MD, Sellmyer MA, Quarto N, Ho AM, Wandless TJ, Longaker MT. Chemical control of FGF-2 release for promoting calvarial healing with adipose stem cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:11307-13. [PMID: 21262969 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.180042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical control of protein secretion using a small molecule approach provides a powerful tool to optimize tissue engineering strategies by regulating the spatial and temporal dimensions that are exposed to a specific protein. We placed fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) under conditional control of a small molecule and demonstrated greater than 50-fold regulation of FGF-2 release as well as tunability, reversibility, and functionality in vitro. We then applied conditional control of FGF-2 secretion to a cell-based, skeletal tissue engineering construct consisting of adipose stem cells (ASCs) on a biomimetic scaffold to promote bone formation in a murine critical-sized calvarial defect model. ASCs are an easily harvested and abundant source of postnatal multipotent cells and have previously been demonstrated to regenerate bone in critical-sized defects. These results suggest that chemically controlled FGF-2 secretion can significantly increase bone formation by ASCs in vivo. This study represents a novel approach toward refining protein delivery for tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Kwan
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|