1
|
Kim JH, Schulte AJ, Sarver AL, Lee D, Angelos MG, Frantz AM, Forster CL, O'Brien TD, Cornax I, O'Sullivan MG, Cheng N, Lewellen M, Oseth L, Kumar S, Bullman S, Pedamallu CS, Goyal SM, Meyerson M, Lund TC, Breen M, Lindblad-Toh K, Dickerson EB, Kaufman DS, Modiano JF. Hemangiosarcoma Cells Promote Conserved Host-derived Hematopoietic Expansion. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:1467-1480. [PMID: 38757809 PMCID: PMC11166094 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Hemangiosarcoma and angiosarcoma are soft-tissue sarcomas of blood vessel-forming cells in dogs and humans, respectively. These vasoformative sarcomas are aggressive and highly metastatic, with disorganized, irregular blood-filled vascular spaces. Our objective was to define molecular programs which support the niche that enables progression of canine hemangiosarcoma and human angiosarcoma. Dog-in-mouse hemangiosarcoma xenografts recapitulated the vasoformative and highly angiogenic morphology and molecular characteristics of primary tumors. Blood vessels in the tumors were complex and disorganized, and they were lined by both donor and host cells. In a series of xenografts, we observed that the transplanted hemangiosarcoma cells created exuberant myeloid hyperplasia and gave rise to lymphoproliferative tumors of mouse origin. Our functional analyses indicate that hemangiosarcoma cells generate a microenvironment that supports expansion and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor populations. Furthermore, gene expression profiling data revealed hemangiosarcoma cells expressed a repertoire of hematopoietic cytokines capable of regulating the surrounding stromal cells. We conclude that canine hemangiosarcomas, and possibly human angiosarcomas, maintain molecular properties that provide hematopoietic support and facilitate stromal reactions, suggesting their potential involvement in promoting the growth of hematopoietic tumors. SIGNIFICANCE We demonstrate that hemangiosarcomas regulate molecular programs supporting hematopoietic expansion and differentiation, providing insights into their potential roles in creating a permissive stromal-immune environment for tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyuk Kim
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Intelligent Critical Care Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Artificial Intelligence Academic Initiative (AI) Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ashley J. Schulte
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Aaron L. Sarver
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Donghee Lee
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mathew G. Angelos
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Medicine (Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation), Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology (MICaB) Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aric M. Frantz
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Capstan Therapeutics, San Diego, California
| | - Colleen L. Forster
- The University of Minnesota Biological Materials Procurement Network (BioNet), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Timothy D. O'Brien
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
| | - Ingrid Cornax
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC
| | - M. Gerard O'Sullivan
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
| | - Nuojin Cheng
- School of Mathematics, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Applied Mathematics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Mitzi Lewellen
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - LeAnn Oseth
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
| | - Susan Bullman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Chandra Sekhar Pedamallu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sagar M. Goyal
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Troy C. Lund
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Matthew Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
- Cancer Genetics Program, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Science of Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erin B. Dickerson
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Dan S. Kaufman
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Medicine (Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation), Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jaime F. Modiano
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Radu P, Zurzu M, Paic V, Bratucu M, Garofil D, Tigora A, Georgescu V, Prunoiu V, Pasnicu C, Popa F, Surlin P, Surlin V, Strambu V. CD34-Structure, Functions and Relationship with Cancer Stem Cells. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59050938. [PMID: 37241170 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The CD34 protein was identified almost four decades ago as a biomarker for hematopoietic stem cell progenitors. CD34 expression of these stem cells has been exploited for therapeutic purposes in various hematological disorders. In the last few decades, studies have revealed the presence of CD34 expression on other types of cells with non-hematopoietic origins, such as interstitial cells, endothelial cells, fibrocytes, and muscle satellite cells. Furthermore, CD34 expression may also be found on a variety of cancer stem cells. Nowadays, the molecular functions of this protein have been involved in a variety of cellular functions, such as enhancing proliferation and blocking cell differentiation, enhanced lymphocyte adhesion, and cell morphogenesis. Although a complete understanding of this transmembrane protein, including its developmental origins, its stem cell connections, and other functions, is yet to be achieved. In this paper, we aimed to carry out a systematic analysis of the structure, functions, and relationship with cancer stem cells of CD34 based on the literature overview.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petru Radu
- General Surgery Department, Carol Davila Nephrology Hospital Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Zurzu
- General Surgery Department, Carol Davila Nephrology Hospital Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vlad Paic
- General Surgery Department, Carol Davila Nephrology Hospital Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Bratucu
- General Surgery Department, Carol Davila Nephrology Hospital Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragos Garofil
- General Surgery Department, Carol Davila Nephrology Hospital Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Tigora
- General Surgery Department, Carol Davila Nephrology Hospital Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Valentin Georgescu
- General Surgery Department, Carol Davila Nephrology Hospital Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Virgiliu Prunoiu
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Oncological Institute "Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu", 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Costin Pasnicu
- General Surgery Department, Carol Davila Nephrology Hospital Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florian Popa
- General Surgery Department, Carol Davila Nephrology Hospital Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Petra Surlin
- Department of Periodontology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Valeriu Surlin
- Sixth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova Emergency Clinical 7 Hospital, 200642 Craiova, Romania
| | - Victor Strambu
- General Surgery Department, Carol Davila Nephrology Hospital Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Characterization of the Tumor Microenvironment and the Biological Processes with a Role in Prostatic Tumorigenesis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071672. [PMID: 35884977 PMCID: PMC9313300 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate intratumoral heterogeneity, driven by epithelial−mesenchymal plasticity, contributes to the limited treatment response, and it is therefore necessary to use the biomarkers to improve patient prognostic survival. We aimed to characterize the tumor microenvironment (T lymphocyte infiltration, intratumoral CD34, and KI-67 expressions) by immunohistochemistry methods and to study the biological mechanisms (cell cycle, cell proliferation by adhesion glycoproteins, cell apoptosis) involved in the evolution of the prostate tumor process by flow-cytometry techniques. Our results showed that proliferative activity (S-phase) revealed statistically significant lower values of prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) reported at non-malignant adjacent cell samples (PCa 4.32 ± 4.91; BPH 2.35 ± 1.37 vs. C 10.23 ± 0.43, p < 0.01). Furthermore, 68% of BPH cases and 88% of patients with PCa had aneuploidy. Statistically increased values of cell proliferation (CD34+ CD61+) were observed in prostate adenocarcinoma and hyperplasia cases reported to non-malignant adjacent cell samples (PCa 28.79 ± 10.14; BPH 40.65 ± 11.88 vs. C 16.15 ± 2.58, p < 0.05). The CD42b+ cell population with a role in cell adhesion, and metastasis had a significantly increased value in PCa cases (38.39 ± 11.23) reported to controls (C 26.24 ± 0.62, p < 0.01). The intratumoral expression of CD34 showed a significantly increased pattern of PCa tissue samples reported to controls (PCa 26.12 ± 6.84 vs. C 1.50 ± 0.70, p < 0.01). Flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle, apoptosis, and adhesion glycoproteins with a critical role in tumoral cell proliferation, T cell infiltrations, Ki-67, and CD 34 expressions by IHC methods are recommended as techniques for the efficient means of measurement for adenocarcinoma and hyperplasia prostate tissue samples and should be explored in the future.
Collapse
|
4
|
Stocco E, Porzionato A, De Rose E, Barbon S, Caro RD, Macchi V. Meniscus regeneration by 3D printing technologies: Current advances and future perspectives. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314211065860. [PMID: 35096363 PMCID: PMC8793124 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211065860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Meniscal tears are a frequent orthopedic injury commonly managed by conservative
strategies to avoid osteoarthritis development descending from altered
biomechanics. Among cutting-edge approaches in tissue engineering, 3D printing
technologies are extremely promising guaranteeing for complex biomimetic
architectures mimicking native tissues. Considering the anisotropic
characteristics of the menisci, and the ability of printing over structural
control, it descends the intriguing potential of such vanguard techniques to
meet individual joints’ requirements within personalized medicine. This
literature review provides a state-of-the-art on 3D printing for meniscus
reconstruction. Experiences in printing materials/technologies, scaffold types,
augmentation strategies, cellular conditioning have been compared/discussed;
outcomes of pre-clinical studies allowed for further considerations. To date,
translation to clinic of 3D printed meniscal devices is still a challenge:
meniscus reconstruction is once again clear expression of how the integration of
different expertise (e.g., anatomy, engineering, biomaterials science, cell
biology, and medicine) is required to successfully address native tissues
complexities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stocco
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico De Rose
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Barbon
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pluripotent-derived Mesenchymal Stem/stromal Cells: an Overview of the Derivation Protocol Efficacies and the Differences Among the Derived Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:94-125. [PMID: 34545529 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10258-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are remarkable tools for regenerative medicine. Therapeutic approaches using these cells can promote increased activity and viability in several cell types through diverse mechanisms such as paracrine and immunomodulatory activities, contributing substantially to tissue regeneration and functional recovery. However, biological samples of human MSCs, usually obtained from adult tissues, often exhibit variable behavior during in vitro culture, especially with respect to cell population heterogeneity, replicative senescence, and consequent loss of functionality. Accordingly, it is necessary to establish standard protocols to generate high-quality, stable cell cultures, for example, by using pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in derivation protocols of MSC-like cells since PSCs maintain their characteristics consistently during culture. However, the available protocols seem to generate distinct populations of PSC-derivedMSCs (PSC-MSCs) with peculiar attributes, which do not always resemble bona fide primary MSCs. The present review addresses the developmental basis behind some of these derivation protocols, exposing the differences among them and discussing the functional properties of PSC-MSCs, shedding light on elements that may help determine standard characterizations and criteria to evaluate and define these cells.
Collapse
|
6
|
Magdy M, Fahmy A, Zaki NI, Mohamed AK. Prophylactic versus therapeutic role of the transplanted CD34 + Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells and Wharton Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells in early / acute hepatic S. mansoni granulomas reversal in mice; a novel approach. Exp Parasitol 2020; 217:107938. [PMID: 32768560 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Praziquantel (PZQ) is the conventional antibilharzial agent. Nevertheless, no antibilharzial prophylactic agents or 100% curable therapy approved and no reported data about use of human CD34+ Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells (CD34+UCBSCs) or Wharton Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells (WJMSCs) in prevention and/or complete eradication of acute S.mansoni granulomas in liver. We aimed to study possible prophylactic vs therapeutic role of human CD34+UCBSCs and WJMSCs in acute hepatic bilharzial granulomas in pre vs post-infected mice. METHODS Seventy mice were divided into 7 groups (10 mice each): Normal, S.mansoni-infected, post-infected PZQ-treated, CD34+UCBSCs pre and post-infected, WJMSCs pre and post-infected. Serological, parasitological, histopathological evaluation using OCT4 & TGFB immunohistochemistry and quantitative image analysis assessment of TGFB-stained fibrogenesis in liver granulomas performed. RESULTS Histopathologically, surprisingly and significantly, the prophylactic pre-infection stem cells (CD34+UCBSCs and WJMSCs) & similarly the post-infection CD34+UCBSCs treatment revealed eradication/reversal of the entire granulomas and no fibrosis. Moreover, post-infection PZQ treatment showed fewer and significantly smaller granulomas than post-infection WJMSCs treatment. Nevertheless, post-infection WJMSCs exhibited non-significant less TGFB-stained fibrogenesis. CONCLUSION CD34+UCBSCs exerted the best prophylactic and therapeutic roles in prevention and complete cure of acute hepatic S.mansoni granulomas over WJMSCs and PZQ. In contrast, only pre-infection WJMSCs exhibited similar preventive (prophylactic) effect. On the contrary, post-infection WJMSCs were the worst (incompletely reversed granulomas). Post-infection Praziquantel was overall better therapeutically than WJMSCs in this regard. Accordingly, when it comes to WJMSCs application, WJMSCs are better used as a pre-infection prophylactic and preventive tool rather than a post-infection therapy. Further studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Magdy
- Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Imbaba, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Azza Fahmy
- Departments of Parasitology, Immunology & Drug Evaluation, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nashwa Ismail Zaki
- Physiology Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Cairo, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jonsdottir-Buch SM, Gunnarsdottir K, Sigurjonsson OE. Human Embryonic-Derived Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells (hES-MP Cells) are Fully Supported in Culture with Human Platelet Lysates. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7030075. [PMID: 32698321 PMCID: PMC7552691 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7030075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitor (hES-MP) cells are mesenchymal-like cells, derived from human embryonic stem cells without the aid of feeder cells. They have been suggested as a potential alternative to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in regenerative medicine due to their mesenchymal-like proliferation and differentiation characteristics. Cells and cell products intended for regenerative medicine in humans should be derived, expanded and differentiated using conditions free of animal-derived products to minimize risk of animal-transmitted disease and immune reactions to foreign proteins. Human platelets are rich in growth factors needed for cell culture and have been used successfully as an animal serum replacement for MSC expansion and differentiation. In this study, we compared the proliferation of hES-MP cells and MSCs; the hES-MP cell growth was sustained for longer than that of MSCs. Growth factors, gene expression, and surface marker expression in hES-MP cells cultured with either human platelet lysate (hPL) or fetal bovine serum (FBS) supplementation were compared, along with differentiation to osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages. Despite some differences between hES-MP cells grown in hPL- and FBS-supplemented media, hPL was found to be a suitable replacement for FBS. In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time that hES-MP cells can be grown using platelet lysates from expired platelet concentrates (hPL).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. Jonsdottir-Buch
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, Snorrabraut 60, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (S.M.J.-B.); (K.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Platome Biotechnology, Alfaskeid 27, 220 Hafnarfjordur, Iceland
| | - Kristbjorg Gunnarsdottir
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, Snorrabraut 60, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (S.M.J.-B.); (K.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Olafur E. Sigurjonsson
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, Snorrabraut 60, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (S.M.J.-B.); (K.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Platome Biotechnology, Alfaskeid 27, 220 Hafnarfjordur, Iceland
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Reykjavik, Menntavegur 1, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +354-543-5523 or +354-694-9427
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nakayama N, Pothiawala A, Lee JY, Matthias N, Umeda K, Ang BK, Huard J, Huang Y, Sun D. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived chondroprogenitors for cartilage tissue engineering. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2543-2563. [PMID: 31915836 PMCID: PMC11104892 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03445-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cartilage of joints, such as meniscus and articular cartilage, is normally long lasting (i.e., permanent). However, once damaged, especially in large animals and humans, joint cartilage is not spontaneously repaired. Compensating the lack of repair activity by supplying cartilage-(re)forming cells, such as chondrocytes or mesenchymal stromal cells, or by transplanting a piece of normal cartilage, has been the basis of therapy for biological restoration of damaged joint cartilage. Unfortunately, current biological therapies face problems on a number of fronts. The joint cartilage is generated de novo from a specialized cell type, termed a 'joint progenitor' or 'interzone cell' during embryogenesis. Therefore, embryonic chondroprogenitors that mimic the property of joint progenitors might be the best type of cell for regenerating joint cartilage in the adult. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are expected to differentiate in culture into any somatic cell type through processes that mimic embryogenesis, making human (h)PSCs a promising source of embryonic chondroprogenitors. The major research goals toward the clinical application of PSCs in joint cartilage regeneration are to (1) efficiently generate lineage-specific chondroprogenitors from hPSCs, (2) expand the chondroprogenitors to the number needed for therapy without loss of their chondrogenic activity, and (3) direct the in vivo or in vitro differentiation of the chondroprogenitors to articular or meniscal (i.e., permanent) chondrocytes rather than growth plate (i.e., transient) chondrocytes. This review is aimed at providing the current state of research toward meeting these goals. We also include our recent achievement of successful generation of "permanent-like" cartilage from long-term expandable, hPSC-derived ectomesenchymal chondroprogenitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nakayama
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, 1825 Pressler St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Azim Pothiawala
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, 1825 Pressler St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - John Y Lee
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, 1825 Pressler St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nadine Matthias
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, 1825 Pressler St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Katsutsugu Umeda
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, 1825 Pressler St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Bryan K Ang
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, 1825 Pressler St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Weil Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA
| | - Yun Huang
- Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deqiang Sun
- Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
A Rationale for the Use of Clotted Vertebral Bone Marrow to Aid Tissue Regeneration Following Spinal Surgery. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4115. [PMID: 32139727 PMCID: PMC7058026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60934-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebral body bone marrow aspirate (V-BMA), easily accessible simultaneously with the preparation of the site for pedicle screw insertion during spinal procedures, is becoming an increasingly used cell therapy approach in spinal surgery. However, the main drawbacks for V-BMA use are the lack of a standardized procedure and of a structural texture with the possibility of diffusion away from the implant site. The aim of this study was to evaluate, characterize and compare the biological characteristics of MSCs from clotted V-BMA and MSCs from whole and concentrate V-BMAs. MSCs from clotted V-BMA showed the highest cell viability and growth factors expression (TGF-β, VEGF-A, FGF2), the greatest colony forming unit (CFU) potency, cellular homogeneity, ability to differentiate towards the osteogenic (COL1AI, TNFRSF11B, BGLAP) and chondrogenic phenotype (SOX9) and the lowest ability to differentiate toward the adipogenic lineage (ADIPOQ) in comparison to all the other culture conditions. Additionally, results revealed that MSCs, differently isolated, expressed different level of HOX and TALE signatures and that PBX1 and MEIS3 were down-regulated in MSCs from clotted V-BMA in comparison to concentrated one. The study demonstrated for the first time that the cellular source inside the clotted V-BMA showed the best biological properties, representing an alternative and advanced cell therapy approach for patients undergoing spinal surgery.
Collapse
|
10
|
Esteban-Vives R, Ziembicki J, Sun Choi M, Thompson RL, Schmelzer E, Gerlach JC. Isolation and Characterization of a Human Fetal Mesenchymal Stem Cell Population: Exploring the Potential for Cell Banking in Wound Healing Therapies. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:1404-1419. [PMID: 31407589 PMCID: PMC6802149 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718817524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Various cell-based therapies are in development to address chronic and acute skin wound
healing, for example for burns and trauma patients. An off-the-shelf source of allogeneic
dermal cells could be beneficial for innovative therapies accelerating the healing in
extensive wounds where the availability of a patient’s own cells is limited. Human
fetal-derived dermal fibroblasts (hFDFs) show high in vitro division rates, exhibit low
immunological rejection properties, and present scarless wound healing in the fetus, and
previous studies on human fetal tissue-derived cell therapies have shown promising results
on tissue repair. However, little is known about cell lineage stability and cell
differentiation during the cell expansion process, required for any potential therapeutic
use. We describe an isolation method, characterize a population, and investigate its
potential for cell banking and thus suitability as a potential product for cell grafting
therapies. Our results show hFDFs and a bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC)
line shared identification markers and in vitro multilineage differentiation potential
into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. The hFDF population exhibited
similar cell characteristics as BM-MSCs while producing lower pro-inflammatory cytokine
IL-6 levels and higher levels of the wound healing factor hepatocyte growth factor. We
demonstrate in vitro differentiation of hFDFs, which may be a problem in maintaining
long-term lineage stability, potentially limiting their use for cell banking and therapy
development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Esteban-Vives
- Departments of Surgery and Bioengineering, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jenny Ziembicki
- The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC Mercy Hospital Trauma and Burn Centers, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - R L Thompson
- Allegheny Reproductive Health Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eva Schmelzer
- Departments of Surgery and Bioengineering, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jörg C Gerlach
- Departments of Surgery and Bioengineering, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Suchánek J, Browne KZ, Nasry SA, Kleplová TS, Pilbauerová N, Schmidt J, Soukup T. Characteristics of Human Natal Stem Cells Cultured in Allogeneic Medium. Braz Dent J 2018; 29:427-434. [PMID: 30517440 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201802388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, human natal dental pulp stem cells (hNDP-SCs) have been characterized in vitro and it has been shown that they satisfy criteria defining human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), as proposed by the International Society for Cellular Therapy. However, these results were reached in the presence of xenogeneic expansion medium, which has the potential to alter the cells' functional capacity. To determine the validity of the previously reported hNDP-SCs characteristics for human cell therapy, we have cultured hNDP-SCs in allogeneic expansion medium. Two hNDP-SC lineages were isolated from vital natal teeth, donated by a healthy newborn female and cultured in 2% platelet rich plasma (PRP). Analysis of the phenotypic expressions, proliferation rates, viability, telomerase length and in vitro adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potentials of two hNDP-SCs lineages (Zn001 and Zn002) were performed. Both lineages displayed similar morphology, proliferation rates, adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential. Telomere shortening by 41.0% and 13.49% occurred from 3rd till 14th passage for lineages Zn001 and Zn002 respectively. Viability of both lineages was higher than 90%. Flow cytometry demonstrated that both lineages were positive to the majority of tested markers, including markers, which were negatively, expressed when hNDP-SCs were cultured previously in xenogeneic medium. Using immune-cytochemistry the cells were shown to express beta III-tubulin, nestin, neurofilaments and Nanog. PRP used as allogeneic medium is suitable for cultivation of hNDP-SCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Suchánek
- Department of Dentistry, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Zoe Browne
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Sherine Adel Nasry
- Surgery and Oral Medicine department, Oral and Dental Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tereza Suchánková Kleplová
- Department of Dentistry, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Nela Pilbauerová
- Department of Dentistry, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Schmidt
- Department of Dentistry, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Soukup
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
MSX2 Initiates and Accelerates Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell Specification of hPSCs by Regulating TWIST1 and PRAME. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:497-513. [PMID: 30033084 PMCID: PMC6092836 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gap in knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into the mesenchymal cell lineages hinders the application of hPSCs for cell-based therapy. In this study, we identified a critical role of muscle segment homeobox 2 (MSX2) in initiating and accelerating the molecular program that leads to mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) differentiation from hPSCs. Genetic deletion of MSX2 impairs hPSC differentiation into MSCs. When aided with a cocktail of soluble molecules, MSX2 ectopic expression induces hPSCs to form nearly homogeneous and fully functional MSCs. Mechanistically, MSX2 induces hPSCs to form neural crest cells, an intermediate cell stage preceding MSCs, and further differentiation by regulating TWIST1 and PRAME. Furthermore, we found that MSX2 is also required for hPSC differentiation into MSCs through mesendoderm and trophoblast. Our findings provide novel mechanistic insights into lineage specification of hPSCs to MSCs and effective strategies for applications of stem cells for regenerative medicine.
Collapse
|
13
|
Junqueira Reis LC, Picanço-Castro V, Paes BCMF, Pereira OA, Gerdes Gyuricza I, de Araújo FT, Morato-Marques M, Moreira LF, Costa EDBO, dos Santos TPM, Covas DT, Pereira Carramaschi LDV, Russo EMDS. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell for the Study and Treatment of Sickle Cell Anemia. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:7492914. [PMID: 28814957 PMCID: PMC5549510 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7492914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a monogenic disease of high mortality, affecting millions of people worldwide. There is no broad, effective, and safe definitive treatment for SCA, so the palliative treatments are the most used. The establishment of an in vitro model allows better understanding of how the disease occurs, besides allowing the development of more effective tests and treatments. In this context, iPSC technology is a powerful tool for basic research and disease modeling, and a promise for finding and screening more effective and safe drugs, besides the possibility of use in regenerative medicine. This work obtained a model for study and treatment of SCA using iPSC. Then, episomal vectors were used for reprogramming peripheral blood mononuclear cells to obtain integration-free iPSC. Cells were collected from patients treated with hydroxyurea and without treatment. The iPSCP Bscd lines were characterized for pluripotent and differentiation potential. The iPSC lines were differentiated into HSC, so that we obtained a dynamic and efficient protocol of CD34+CD45+ cells production. We offer a valuable tool for a better understanding of how SCA occurs, in addition to making possible the development of more effective drugs and treatments and providing better understanding of widely used treatments, such as hydroxyurea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Cunha Junqueira Reis
- Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Blood Center Foundation of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Virgínia Picanço-Castro
- Blood Center Foundation of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Cristina Martins Fernandes Paes
- Blood Center Foundation of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Olívia Ambrozini Pereira
- Philosophy, Sciences and Languages School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Blood Center Foundation of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Elisa Maria de Sousa Russo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Blood Center Foundation of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Iacono E, Pascucci L, Rossi B, Bazzucchi C, Lanci A, Ceccoli M, Merlo B. Ultrastructural characteristics and immune profile of equine MSCs from fetal adnexa. Reproduction 2017; 154:509-519. [PMID: 28733347 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Both in human and equine species, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from amniotic membrane (AM) and Wharton's jelly (WJ), may be particularly useful for immediate use or in later stages of life, after cryopreservation in cell bank. The aim of this study was to compare equine AM- and WJ-MSCs in vitro features that may be relevant for their clinical employment. MSCs were more easily isolated from WJ, even if MSCs derived from AM exhibited more rapid proliferation (P < 0.05). Osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation were more prominent in MSCs derived from WJ. This is also suggested by the lower adhesion of AM cells, demonstrated by the greater volume of spheroids after hanging drop culture (P < 0.05). Data obtained by PCR confirmed the immunosuppressive function of AM and WJ-MSCs and the presence of active genes specific for anti-inflammatory and angiogenic factors (IL-6, IL 8, IL-β1). For the first time, by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we ascertained that equine WJ-MSCs constitutively contain a very impressive number of large vesicular structures, scattered throughout the cytoplasm. Moreover, an abundant extracellular fibrillar matrix was located in the intercellular spaces among WJ-MSCs. Data recorded in this study reveal that MSCs from different fetal tissues have different characteristics that may drive their therapeutic use. These finding could be noteworthy for horses as well as for other mammalian species, including humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Iacono
- Department of Veterinary Medical SciencesUniversity of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Luisa Pascucci
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Barbara Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Medical SciencesUniversity of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Cinzia Bazzucchi
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Aliai Lanci
- Department of Veterinary Medical SciencesUniversity of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Monica Ceccoli
- Department of Veterinary Medical SciencesUniversity of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Barbara Merlo
- Department of Veterinary Medical SciencesUniversity of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen S, Fu P, Wu H, Pei M. Meniscus, articular cartilage and nucleus pulposus: a comparative review of cartilage-like tissues in anatomy, development and function. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 370:53-70. [PMID: 28413859 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of cartilage in the human body is impacted by aging, disease, genetic predisposition and continued insults resulting from daily activity. The burden of cartilage defects (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, intervertebral disc damage, knee replacement surgeries, etc.) is daunting in light of substantial economic and social stresses. This review strives to broaden the scope of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering approaches used for cartilage repair by comparing and contrasting the anatomical and functional nature of the meniscus, articular cartilage (AC) and nucleus pulposus (NP). Many review papers have provided detailed evaluations of these cartilages and cartilage-like tissues individually but none have comprehensively examined the parallels and inconsistencies in signaling, genetic expression and extracellular matrix composition between tissues. For the first time, this review outlines the importance of understanding these three tissues as unique entities, providing a comparative analysis of anatomy, ultrastructure, biochemistry and function for each tissue. This novel approach highlights the similarities and differences between tissues, progressing research toward an understanding of what defines each tissue as distinctive. The goal of this paper is to provide researchers with the fundamental knowledge to correctly engineer the meniscus, AC and NP without inadvertently developing the wrong tissue function or biochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, One Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9196, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiliang Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Haishan Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, One Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9196, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Extracellular matrix and α 5β 1 integrin signaling control the maintenance of bone formation capacity by human adipose-derived stromal cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44398. [PMID: 28290502 PMCID: PMC5349595 DOI: 10.1038/srep44398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells of human adipose tissue have the capacity to generate osteogenic grafts with intrinsic vasculogenic properties. However, adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASC), even after minimal monolayer expansion, display poor osteogenic capacity in vivo. We investigated whether ASC bone-forming capacity may be maintained by culture within a self-produced extracellular matrix (ECM) that recapitulates the native environment. SVF cells expanded without passaging up to 28 days (Unpass-ASC) deposited a fibronectin-rich extracellular matrix and displayed greater clonogenicity and differentiation potential in vitro compared to ASC expanded only for 6 days (P0-ASC) or for 28 days with regular passaging (Pass-ASC). When implanted subcutaneously, Unpass-ASC produced bone tissue similarly to SVF cells, in contrast to P0- and Pass-ASC, which mainly formed fibrous tissue. Interestingly, clonogenic progenitors from native SVF and Unpass-ASC expressed low levels of the fibronectin receptor α5 integrin (CD49e), which was instead upregulated in P0- and Pass-ASC. Mechanistically, induced activation of α5β1 integrin in Unpass-ASC led to a significant loss of bone formation in vivo. This study shows that ECM and regulation of α5β1-integrin signaling preserve ASC progenitor properties, including bone tissue-forming capacity, during in vitro expansion.
Collapse
|
17
|
Kidwai F, Edwards J, Zou L, Kaufman DS. Fibrinogen Induces RUNX2 Activity and Osteogenic Development from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2079-89. [PMID: 27331788 PMCID: PMC5097445 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells, both human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), provide an important resource to produce specialized cells such as osteogenic cells for therapeutic applications such as repair or replacement of injured, diseased or damaged bone. hESCs and iPSCs can also be used to better define basic cellular and genetic mechanisms that regulate the earliest stages of human bone development. However, current strategies to mediate osteogenic differentiation of hESC and iPSC are typically limited by the use of xenogeneic components such as fetal bovine serum (FBS) that make defining specific agents that mediate human osteogenesis difficult. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) is a key regulator required for osteogenic differentiation. Here, we used a RUNX2-YFP reporter system to characterize the novel ability of fibrinogen to mediate human osteogenic development from hESC and iPSC in defined (serum-free) conditions. These studies demonstrate that fibrinogen mediates significant osteo-induction potential. Specifically, fibrinogen binds to the surface integrin (α9β1) to mediate RUNX2 gene expression through the SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathway. Additional studies characterize the fibrinogen-induced hESC/iPSC-derived osteogenic cells to demonstrate these osteogenic cells retain the capacity to express typical mature osteoblastic markers. Together, these studies define a novel fibrinogen-α9β1-SMAD1/5/8-RUNX2 signaling axis can efficiently induce osteogenic differentiation from hESCs and iPSCs. Stem Cells 2016;34:2079-2089.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Kidwai
- Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Division of Basic Sciences, Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Jessica Edwards
- Division of Basic Sciences, Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Li Zou
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Dan S. Kaufman
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Slukvin II. Generating human hematopoietic stem cells in vitro -exploring endothelial to hematopoietic transition as a portal for stemness acquisition. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:4126-4143. [PMID: 27391301 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Advances in cellular reprogramming technologies have created alternative platforms for the production of blood cells, either through inducing pluripotency in somatic cells or by way of direct conversion of nonhematopoietic cells into blood cells. However, de novo generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with robust and sustained multilineage engraftment potential remains a significant challenge. Hemogenic endothelium (HE) has been recognized as a unique transitional stage of blood development from mesoderm at which HSCs arise in certain embryonic locations. The major aim of this review is to summarize historical perspectives and recent advances in the investigation of endothelial to hematopoietic transition (EHT) and HSC formation in the context of aiding in vitro approaches to instruct HSC fate from human pluripotent stem cells. In addition, direct conversion of somatic cells to blood and HSCs and progression of this conversion through HE stage are discussed. A thorough understanding of the intrinsic and microenvironmental regulators of EHT that lead to the acquisition of self-renewal potential by emerging blood cells is essential to advance the technologies for HSC production and expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor I Slukvin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim JH, Jin ZW, Murakami G, Cho BH. Characterization of mesenchymal cells beneath cornification of the fetal epithelium and epidermis at the face: an immunohistochemical study using human fetal specimens. Anat Cell Biol 2016; 49:50-60. [PMID: 27051567 PMCID: PMC4819077 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2016.49.1.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal development of the face involves a specific type of cornification in which keratinocytes provide a mass or plug to fill a cavity. The epithelial-mesenchymal interaction was likely to be different from that in the usual skin. We examined expression of intermediate filaments and other mesenchymal markers beneath cornification in the fetal face. Using sections from 5 mid-term human fetuses at 14–16 weeks, immunohistochemistry was conducted for cytokeratins (CK), vimentin, nestin, glial fibrilary acidic protein, desmin, CD34, CD68 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Fetal zygomatic skin was composed of a thin stratum corneum and a stratum basale (CK5/6+, CK14+, and CK19+) and, as the intermediate layer, 2–3 layered large keratinocytes with nucleus. The basal layer was lined by mono-layered mesenchymal cells (CD34+ and nestin+). Some of basal cells were PCNA-positive. In the keratinocyte plug at the external ear and nose, most cell nuclei expressed PCNA, CK5/6, CK14, and CK19. Vimentin-positive mesenchymal cells migrated into the plug. The PCNA-positive nucleus as well as mesenchymal cell migration was not seen in the lip margin in spite of the thick keratinocyte layer. The lingual epithelium were characterized by the CK7-positive stratum corneum as well as the thick mesenchymal papilla. CD68-positive macrophages were absent in the epidermis/epithelium. Being different from usual cornification of the skin, loss of a mesenchymal monolayer as well as superficial migration of mesenchymal cells might connect with a specific differentiation of keratinocyte to provide a plug at the fetal nose and ear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Zhe Wu Jin
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Gen Murakami
- Division of Internal Medicine, Iwamizawa Asuka Hospital, Iwamizawa, Japan
| | - Baik Hwan Cho
- Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zou L, Chen Q, Quanbeck Z, Bechtold JE, Kaufman DS. Angiogenic activity mediates bone repair from human pluripotent stem cell-derived osteogenic cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22868. [PMID: 26980556 PMCID: PMC4793227 DOI: 10.1038/srep22868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells provide a standardized resource for bone repair. However, criteria to determine which exogenous cells best heal orthopedic injuries remain poorly defined. We evaluated osteogenic progenitor cells derived from both human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Phenotypic and genotypic analyses demonstrated that these hESCs/hiPSCs are similar in their osteogenic differentiation efficiency and they generate osteogenic cells comparable to osteogenic cells derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs). However, expression of angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in these osteogenic progenitor cells are markedly different, suggesting distinct pro-angiogenic potential of these stem cell derivatives. Studies to repair a femur non-union fracture demonstrate only osteogenic progenitor cells with higher pro-angiogenic potential significantly enhance bone repair in vivo. Together, these studies highlight a key role of pro-angiogenic potential of transplanted osteogenic cells for effective cell-mediated bone repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zou
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Qingshan Chen
- Excelen Center for Bone &Joint Research and Education, Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA
| | - Zachary Quanbeck
- Excelen Center for Bone &Joint Research and Education, Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA
| | - Joan E Bechtold
- Excelen Center for Bone &Joint Research and Education, Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA
| | - Dan S Kaufman
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Use of RUNX2 expression to identify osteogenic progenitor cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 4:190-8. [PMID: 25680477 PMCID: PMC4325195 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We generated a RUNX2-yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) reporter system to study osteogenic development from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Our studies demonstrate the fidelity of YFP expression with expression of RUNX2 and other osteogenic genes in hESC-derived osteoprogenitor cells, as well as the osteogenic specificity of YFP signal. In vitro studies confirm that the hESC-derived YFP+ cells have similar osteogenic phenotypes to osteoprogenitor cells generated from bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells. In vivo studies demonstrate the hESC-derived YFP+ cells can repair a calvarial defect in immunodeficient mice. Using the engineered hESCs, we monitored the osteogenic development and explored the roles of osteogenic supplements BMP2 and FGF9 in osteogenic differentiation of these hESCs in vitro. Taken together, this reporter system provides a novel system to monitor the osteogenic differentiation of hESCs and becomes useful to identify soluble agents and cell signaling pathways that mediate early stages of human bone development. This reporter system represents RUNX2 expression in osteogenic differentiated hESCs This system can be used to identify stages of osteogenic development of hESCs BMP2 alone does not induce osteogenic differentiation of hESCs in vitro
Collapse
|
22
|
Sidney LE, Branch MJ, Dua HS, Hopkinson A. Effect of culture medium on propagation and phenotype of corneal stroma-derived stem cells. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:1706-22. [PMID: 26454751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS The limbal area of the corneal stroma has been identified as a source of mesenchymal-like stem cells, which have potential for exploitation as a cell therapy. However, the optimal culture conditions are disputed and few direct media comparisons have been performed. In this report, we evaluated several media types to identify the optimal for inducing an in vitro stem cell phenotype. METHODS Primary human corneal stroma-derived stem cells (CSSCs) were extracted from corneoscleral rims. Culture in seven different media types was compared: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS); M199 with 20% FBS; DMEM-F12 with 20% serum replacement, basic fibroblast growth factor and leukemia inhibitory factor (SCM); endothelial growth medium (EGM); semi-solid MethoCult; serum-free keratinocyte medium (K-SFM); and StemPro-34. Effects on proliferation, morphology, protein and messenger RNA expression were evaluated. RESULTS All media supported proliferation of CSSCs with the exception of K-SFM and StemPro-34. Morphology differed between media: DMEM produced large cells, whereas EGM produced very small cells. Culture in M199 produced a typical mesenchymal stromal cell phenotype with high expression of CD105, CD90 and CD73 but not CD34. Culture in SCM produced a phenotype more reminiscent of a progenitor cell type with expression of CD34, ABCG2, SSEA-4 and PAX6. CONCLUSIONS Culture medium can significantly influence CSSC phenotype. SCM produced a cell phenotype closest to that of a pluripotent stem cell, and we consider it to be the most appropriate for development as a clinical-grade medium for the production of CSSC phenotypes suitable for cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Sidney
- Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthew J Branch
- Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Harminder S Dua
- Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Hopkinson
- Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Steinert AF, Kunz M, Prager P, Göbel S, Klein-Hitpass L, Ebert R, Nöth U, Jakob F, Gohlke F. Characterization of bursa subacromialis-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:114. [PMID: 26036250 PMCID: PMC4479225 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The bursa subacromialis (BS) provides the gliding mechanism of the shoulder and regenerates itself after surgical removal. Therefore, we explored the presence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) within the human adult BS tissue and characterized the BS cells compared to MSCs from bone marrow (BMSCs) on a molecular level. Methods BS cells were isolated by collagenase digest from BS tissues derived from patients with degenerative rotator cuff tears, and BMSCs were recovered by adherent culture from bone-marrow of patients with osteoarthritis of the hip. BS cells and BMSCs were compared upon their potential to proliferate and differentiate along chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic lineages under specific culture conditions. Expression profiles of markers associated with mesenchymal phenotypes were comparatively evaluated by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and whole genome array analyses. Results BS cells and BMSCs appeared mainly fibroblastic and revealed almost similar surface antigen expression profiles, which was CD44+, CD73+, CD90+, CD105+, CD106+, STRO-1+, CD14−, CD31−, CD34−, CD45−, CD144−. Array analyses revealed 1969 genes upregulated and 1184 genes downregulated in BS cells vs. BMSCs, indicating a high level of transcriptome similarity. After 3 weeks of differentiation culture, BS cells and BMSCs showed a similar strong chondrogenic, adipogenic and osteogenic potential, as shown by histological, immunohistochemical and RT-PCR analyses in contrast to the respective negative controls. Conclusions Our in vitro characterizations show that BS cells fulfill all characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells, and therefore merit further attention for the development of improved therapies for various shoulder pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andre F Steinert
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, D - 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Manuela Kunz
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, D - 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Patrick Prager
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, D - 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Sascha Göbel
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, D - 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Ludger Klein-Hitpass
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Center for Medical Biotechnology, BioChip Laboratory, Essen, Germany.
| | - Regina Ebert
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, D - 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Nöth
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, D - 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Franz Jakob
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, D - 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Frank Gohlke
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, D - 97074, Würzburg, Germany. .,Present address: Klinik für Schulterchirurgie, Rhön Klinikum AG, Bad Neustadt/Saale, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Islam MS, Stemig ME, Takahashi Y, Hui SK. Radiation response of mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and human pluripotent stem cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2015; 56:269-277. [PMID: 25425005 PMCID: PMC4380046 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rru098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from human pluripotent stem cells are comparable with bone marrow-derived MSCs in their function and immunophenotype. The purpose of this exploratory study was comparative evaluation of the radiation responses of mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow- (BMMSCs) and from human embryonic stem cells (hESMSCs). BMMSCs and hESMSCs were irradiated at 0 Gy (control) to 16 Gy using a linear accelerator commonly used for cancer treatment. Cells were harvested immediately after irradiation, and at 1 and 5 days after irradiation. Cell cycle analysis, colony forming ability (CFU-F), differentiation ability, and expression of osteogenic-specific runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), adipogenic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), oxidative stress-specific dismutase-1 (SOD1) and Glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) were analyzed. Irradiation arrested cell cycle progression in BMMSCs and hESMSCs. Colony formation ability of irradiated MSCs decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Irradiated hESMSCs showed higher adipogenic differentiation compared with BMMSCs, together with an increase in the adipogenic PPARγ expression. PPARγ expression was upregulated as early as 4 h after irradiation, along with the expression of SOD1. More than 70% downregulation was found in Wnt3A, Wnt4, Wnt 7A, Wnt10A and Wnt11 in BMMSCs, but not in hESMSCs. hESMSCs are highly proliferative but radiosensitive compared with BMMSCs. Increased PPARγ expression relative to RUNX2 and downregulation of Wnt ligands in irradiated MSCs suggest Wnt mediated the fate determination of irradiated MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S Islam
- School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Mayo Mail Code 494, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Melissa E Stemig
- School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Mayo Mail Code 494, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yutaka Takahashi
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Mayo Mail Code 494, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Susanta K Hui
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Mayo Mail Code 494, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA Department of Therapeutic Radiology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Mayo Mail Code 494, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sidney LE, Branch MJ, Dunphy SE, Dua HS, Hopkinson A. Concise review: evidence for CD34 as a common marker for diverse progenitors. Stem Cells 2015; 32:1380-9. [PMID: 24497003 PMCID: PMC4260088 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 570] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CD34 is a transmembrane phosphoglycoprotein, first identified on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Clinically, it is associated with the selection and enrichment of hematopoietic stem cells for bone marrow transplants. Due to these historical and clinical associations, CD34 expression is almost ubiquitously related to hematopoietic cells, and it is a common misconception that CD34-positive (CD34+) cells in nonhematopoietic samples represent hematopoietic contamination. The prevailing school of thought states that multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) do not express CD34. However, strong evidence demonstrates CD34 is expressed not only by MSC but by a multitude of other nonhematopoietic cell types including muscle satellite cells, corneal keratocytes, interstitial cells, epithelial progenitors, and vascular endothelial progenitors. In many cases, the CD34+ cells represent a small proportion of the total cell population and also indicate a distinct subset of cells with enhanced progenitor activity. Herein, we explore common traits between cells that express CD34, including associated markers, morphology and differentiation potential. We endeavor to highlight key similarities between CD34+ cells, with a focus on progenitor activity. A common function of CD34 has yet to be elucidated, but by analyzing and understanding links between CD34+ cells, we hope to be able to offer an insight into the overlapping properties of cells that express CD34. Stem Cells2014;32:1380–1389
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Sidney
- Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Krylova TA, Musorina AS, Zenin VV, Yakovleva TK, Poljanskaya GG. A comparative analysis of mesenchymal stem-cell lines derived from bone marrow and limb muscle of early human embryos. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x14060042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
27
|
Characterization and evaluation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human embryonic stem cells and bone marrow. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 358:149-64. [PMID: 24927918 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1926-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been studied for years as primary cell sources for regenerative biology and medicine. MSCs have been derived from cell and tissue sources, such as bone marrow (BM), and more recently from ESCs. This study investigated MSCs derived from BM, H1- and H9-ESC lines in terms of morphology, surface marker and growth factor receptor expression, proliferative capability, modulation of immune cell growth and multipotency, in order to evaluate ESC-MSCs as a cell source for potential regenerative applications. The results showed that ESC-MSCs exhibited spindle-shaped morphology similar to BM-MSCs but of various sizes, and flow cytometric immunophenotyping revealed expression of characteristic MSC surface markers on all tested cell lines except H9-derived MSCs. Differences in growth factor receptor expression were also shown between cell lines. In addition, ESC-MSCs showed greater capabilities for cell proliferation, and suppression of leukocyte growth compared to BM-MSCs. Using standard protocols, induction of ESC-MSC differentiation along the adipogenic, osteogenic, or chondrogenic lineages was less effective compared to that of BM-MSCs. By adding bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) into transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1)-supplemented induction medium, chondrogenesis of ESC-MSCs was significantly enhanced. Our findings suggest that ESC-MSCs and BM-MSCs show differences in their surface marker profiles and the capacities of proliferation, immunomodulation, and most importantly multi-lineage differentiation. Using modified chondrogenic medium with BMP7 and TGFβ1, H1-MSCs can be effectively induced as BM-MSCs for chondrogenesis.
Collapse
|
28
|
Ferrell PI, Hexum MK, Kopher RA, Lepley MA, Gussiaas A, Kaufman DS. Functional assessment of hematopoietic niche cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:1355-63. [PMID: 24517837 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate hematopoietic niche cell populations isolated from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), we tested the ability of hESC-derived stromal lines to support CD34(+) umbilical cord blood (UCB)- and hESC-derived CD34(+)45(+) cells in long-term culture initiating cell (LTC-IC) assays. Specifically, these hematopoietic populations were cocultured with hESC-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hESC-MSCs) and hESC-derived endothelial cells (hESC-ECs), and then assessed for their LTC-IC potential in comparison to coculture with bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs and the mouse stromal line M2-10B4. We found that the hESC-derived stromal lines supported LTC-ICs from UCB similar to M2-10B4 cells and better than BM-MSCs. However, none of the stromal populations supported LTC-IC from hESC-derived CD34(+)45(+) cells. Engraftment data using the output from LTC-IC assays showed long-term repopulation (12 weeks) of NSG mice to correlate with LTC-IC support on a given stromal layer. Therefore, hESC-derived stromal lines can be used to efficiently evaluate putative hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells derived from hESCs or other cell sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick I Ferrell
- 1 Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Site- and stage-dependent differences in vascular density of the human fetal brain. Childs Nerv Syst 2014; 30:399-409. [PMID: 24005801 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-013-2272-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Less information is available about site-dependent differences in fetal intrabrain angiogenesis. Quantitative evaluation is especially limited, with the measured area limited to the cerebral gray and white matters and the periventricular germinal matrix. PATIENTS AND METHODS We measured vascular density (number of vessels per square millimeter) and percent vascular area (percentage of areas occupied by vessels) of CD34-positive microvessels in 14 human fetal brains, including 4 fetuses at 14-16 weeks of gestation, 5 at 25-28 weeks, and 5 at 35-37 weeks. Site-dependent differences were examined among the cerebral cortex, thalamus, internal capsule, corpus callosum, ganglionic eminence, midbrain, and cerebellar cortex and nuclei. RESULTS The parameters examined tended to be high in the cerebral germinal matrix, thalamus, midbrain, and cerebellum. Significant site-dependent differences were observed: lower vascular densities were observed in the internal capsule and corpus callosum than in other parts of the brain (p < 0.05) and a larger percent area was observed in the cerebellar nuclei than in other areas. Vascular density was higher during the early than late stage because of the larger numbers of CD34-positive islands of cells in the early stage, although there were several exceptions. Percent area was not stage dependent but was almost constant at many sites. CONCLUSION Consequently, except for developing nuclei, the prenatal development of intrabrain vessels after 15 weeks may proceed without any significant changes in density.
Collapse
|
30
|
Park S, Im GI. Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells for skeletal regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 20:381-91. [PMID: 24206162 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering for skeletal tissues including bone and cartilage have been focused on the use of adult stem cells. Although there are several pioneering researches on skeletal tissue regeneration from embryonic stem cells (ESCs), ethical issues and the possibility of immune rejection clouded further attention to the application of ESCs for nonlethal orthopedic conditions. However, the recent discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) led to reconsider the use of these pluripotential cells for skeletal regeneration. The purpose of this review was to summarize the current knowledge of osteogenic and chondrogenic induction from ESCs and iPSCs and to provide a perspective on the application of iPSCs for skeletal regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyeon Park
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital , Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Brown PT, Handorf AM, Jeon WB, Li WJ. Stem cell-based tissue engineering approaches for musculoskeletal regeneration. Curr Pharm Des 2013; 19:3429-45. [PMID: 23432679 DOI: 10.2174/13816128113199990350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering is an ever evolving field that holds promise in treating numerous musculoskeletal diseases and injuries. An important impetus in the development of the field was the discovery and implementation of stem cells. The utilization of mesenchymal stem cells, and later embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, opens new arenas for tissue engineering and presents the potential of developing stem cell-based therapies for disease treatment. Multipotent and pluripotent stem cells can produce various lineage tissues, and allow for derivation of a tissue that may be comprised of multiple cell types. As the field grows, the combination of biomaterial scaffolds and bioreactors provides methods to create an environment for stem cells that better represent their microenvironment for new tissue formation. As technologies for the fabrication of biomaterial scaffolds advance, the ability of scaffolds to modulate stem cell behavior advances as well. The composition of scaffolds could be of natural or synthetic materials and could be tailored to enhance cell self-renewal and/or direct cell fates. In addition to biomaterial scaffolds, studies of tissue development and cellular microenvironments have determined other factors, such as growth factors and oxygen tension, that are crucial to the regulation of stem cell activity. The overarching goal of stem cell-based tissue engineering research is to precisely control differentiation of stem cells in culture. In this article, we review current developments in tissue engineering, focusing on several stem cell sources, induction factors including growth factors, oxygen tension, biomaterials, and mechanical stimulation, and the internal and external regulatory mechanisms that govern proliferation and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Brown
- Wisconsin Institutes of Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hematopoietic specification from human pluripotent stem cells: current advances and challenges toward de novo generation of hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 2013; 122:4035-46. [PMID: 24124087 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-07-474825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant advances in cellular reprogramming technologies and hematopoietic differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have already enabled the routine production of multiple lineages of blood cells in vitro and opened novel opportunities to study hematopoietic development, model genetic blood diseases, and manufacture immunologically matched cells for transfusion and cancer immunotherapy. However, the generation of hematopoietic cells with robust and sustained multilineage engraftment has not been achieved. Here, we highlight the recent advances in understanding the molecular and cellular pathways leading to blood development from hPSCs and discuss potential approaches that can be taken to facilitate the development of technologies for de novo production of hematopoietic stem cells.
Collapse
|
33
|
Kuhn LT, Liu Y, Boyd NL, Dennis JE, Jiang X, Xin X, Charles LF, Wang L, Aguila HL, Rowe DW, Lichtler AC, Goldberg AJ. Developmental-like bone regeneration by human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 20:365-77. [PMID: 23952622 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vivo osteogenesis potential of mesenchymal-like cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESC-MCs) was evaluated in vivo by implantation on collagen/hydroxyapatite scaffolds into calvarial defects in immunodeficient mice. This study is novel because no osteogenic or chondrogenic differentiation protocols were applied to the cells prior to implantation. After 6 weeks, X-ray, microCT, and histological analysis showed that the hESC-MCs had consistently formed a highly vascularized new bone that bridged the bone defect and seamlessly integrated with host bone. The implanted hESC-MCs differentiated in situ to functional hypertrophic chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and osteocytes forming new bone tissue via an endochondral ossification pathway. Evidence for the direct participation of the human cells in bone morphogenesis was verified by two separate assays: with Alu and by human mitochondrial antigen positive staining in conjunction with co-localized expression of human bone sialoprotein in histologically verified regions of new bone. The large volume of new bone in a calvarial defect and the direct participation of the hESC-MCs far exceeds that of previous studies and that of the control adult hMSCs. This study represents a key step forward for bone tissue engineering because of the large volume, vascularity, and reproducibility of new bone formation and the discovery that it is advantageous to not over-commit these progenitor cells to a particular lineage prior to implantation. The hESC-MCs were able to recapitulate the mesenchymal developmental pathway and were able to repair the bone defect semi-autonomously without preimplantation differentiation to osteo- or chondroprogenitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liisa T Kuhn
- 1 Department of Reconstructive Sciences, Center for Biomaterials, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center , Farmington, Connecticut
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cellular kinetics of perivascular MSC precursors. Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:983059. [PMID: 24023546 PMCID: PMC3760099 DOI: 10.1155/2013/983059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and MSC-like multipotent stem/progenitor cells have been widely investigated for regenerative medicine and deemed promising in clinical applications. In order to further improve MSC-based stem cell therapeutics, it is important to understand the cellular kinetics and functional roles of MSCs in the dynamic regenerative processes. However, due to the heterogeneous nature of typical MSC cultures, their native identity and anatomical localization in the body have remained unclear, making it difficult to decipher the existence of distinct cell subsets within the MSC entity. Recent studies have shown that several blood-vessel-derived precursor cell populations, purified by flow cytometry from multiple human organs, give rise to bona fide MSCs, suggesting that the vasculature serves as a systemic reservoir of MSC-like stem/progenitor cells. Using individually purified MSC-like precursor cell subsets, we and other researchers have been able to investigate the differential phenotypes and regenerative capacities of these contributing cellular constituents in the MSC pool. In this review, we will discuss the identification and characterization of perivascular MSC precursors, including pericytes and adventitial cells, and focus on their cellular kinetics: cell adhesion, migration, engraftment, homing, and intercellular cross-talk during tissue repair and regeneration.
Collapse
|
35
|
Petrovic V, Zivkovic P, Petrovic D, Stefanovic V. Craniofacial bone tissue engineering. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 114:e1-9. [PMID: 22862985 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2012.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There are numerous conditions, such as trauma, cancer, congenital malformations, and progressive deforming skeletal diseases, that can compromise the function and architectonics of bones of craniofacial region. The need to develop new approaches for treatment of these disorders arises from the fact that conventional therapeutic strategies face many obstacles and limitations. The use of tissue engineering in regeneration of craniofacial bone structures is a very promising possibility and a great challenge for researchers and practitioners. Developments in stem cell biology and engineering have led to the discovery of different stem cell populations and biodegradable materials with suitable properties. This review summarizes the current achievements in tissue engineering of craniofacial bone, temporomandibular joint, and periodontal ligament.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Petrovic
- Department of Histology, Stem Cells Laboratory, University School of Medicine, Nis, Serbia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Clinical-scale derivation of natural killer cells from human pluripotent stem cells for cancer therapy. Nat Biotechnol 2013; 31:928-33. [PMID: 23515118 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of antitumor lymphocytes has gained intense interest in the field of cancer therapeutics over the past two decades. Human natural killer (NK) cells are a promising source of lymphocytes for anticancer immunotherapy. NK cells are part of the innate immune system and exhibit potent antitumor activity without need for human leukocyte antigen matching and without prior antigen exposure. Moreover, the derivation of NK cells from pluripotent stem cells could provide an unlimited source of lymphocytes for off-the-shelf therapy. To date, most studies on hematopoietic cell development from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have used incompletely defined conditions and been on a limited scale. Here, we have used a two-stage culture system to efficiently produce NK cells from hESCs and iPSCs in the absence of cell sorting and without need for xenogeneic stromal cells. This novel combination of embryoid body formation using defined conditions and membrane-bound interleukin 21-expressing artificial antigen-presenting cells allows production of mature and functional NK cells from several different hESC and iPSC lines. Although different hESC and iPSC lines had varying efficiencies in hematopoietic development, all cell lines tested could produce functional NK cells. These methods can be used to generate enough cytotoxic NK cells to treat a single patient from fewer than 250,000 input hESCs/iPSCs. Additionally, this strategy provides a genetically amenable platform to study normal NK cell development and education in vitro.
Collapse
|
37
|
Knorr DA, Ni Z, Hermanson D, Hexum MK, Bendzick L, Cooper LJN, Lee DA, Kaufman DS. Clinical-scale derivation of natural killer cells from human pluripotent stem cells for cancer therapy. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:274-83. [PMID: 23515118 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of antitumor lymphocytes has gained intense interest in the field of cancer therapeutics over the past two decades. Human natural killer (NK) cells are a promising source of lymphocytes for anticancer immunotherapy. NK cells are part of the innate immune system and exhibit potent antitumor activity without need for human leukocyte antigen matching and without prior antigen exposure. Moreover, the derivation of NK cells from pluripotent stem cells could provide an unlimited source of lymphocytes for off-the-shelf therapy. To date, most studies on hematopoietic cell development from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have used incompletely defined conditions and been on a limited scale. Here, we have used a two-stage culture system to efficiently produce NK cells from hESCs and iPSCs in the absence of cell sorting and without need for xenogeneic stromal cells. This novel combination of embryoid body formation using defined conditions and membrane-bound interleukin 21-expressing artificial antigen-presenting cells allows production of mature and functional NK cells from several different hESC and iPSC lines. Although different hESC and iPSC lines had varying efficiencies in hematopoietic development, all cell lines tested could produce functional NK cells. These methods can be used to generate enough cytotoxic NK cells to treat a single patient from fewer than 250,000 input hESCs/iPSCs. Additionally, this strategy provides a genetically amenable platform to study normal NK cell development and education in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Knorr
- Department of Medicine Hematology, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zimmerlin L, Donnenberg VS, Rubin JP, Donnenberg AD. Mesenchymal markers on human adipose stem/progenitor cells. Cytometry A 2013; 83:134-40. [PMID: 23184564 PMCID: PMC4157311 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The stromal-vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue is a rich source of multipotent stem cells. We and others have described three major populations of stem/progenitor cells in this fraction, all closely associated with small blood vessels: endothelial progenitor cells (EPC, CD45-/CD31+/CD34+), pericytes (CD45-/CD31-/CD146+), and supra-adventitial adipose stromal cells (SA-ASC, CD45-/CD31-/CD146-/CD34+). EPC are luminal, pericytes are adventitial, and SA-ASC surround the vessel like a sheath. The multipotency of the pericytes and SA-ASC compartments is strikingly similar to that of CD45-/CD34-/CD73+/CD105+/CD90+ bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC). Here, we determine the extent to which this mesenchymal pattern is expressed on the three adipose stem/progenitor populations. Eight independent adipose tissue samples were analyzed in a single tube (CD105-FITC/CD73-PE/CD146-PETXR/CD14-PECY5/CD33-PECY5/CD235A-PECY5/CD31-PECY7/CD90-APC/CD34-A700/CD45-APCCY7/DAPI). Adipose EPC were highly proliferative with (14.3 ± 2.8)% (mean ± SEM) having >2N DNA. About half (53.1 ± 7.6)% coexpressed CD73 and CD105, and (71.9 ± 7.4)% expressed CD90. Pericytes were less proliferative [(8.2 ± 3.4)% >2N DNA)] with a smaller proportion [(29.6 ± 6.9)% CD73+/CD105+, (60.5 ± 10.2)% CD90+] expressing mesenchymal associated markers. However, the CD34+ subset of CD146+ pericytes were both highly proliferative [(15.1 ± 3.6)% with >2N DNA] and of uniform mesenchymal phenotype [(93.3 ± 3.7)% CD73+/CD105+, (97.8 ± 0.7)% CD90+], suggesting transit amplifying progenitor cells. SA-ASC were the least proliferative [(3.7 ± 0.8)%>2N DNA] but were also highly mesenchymal in phenotype [(94.4 ± 3.2)% CD73+/CD105+, (95.5 ± 1.2)% CD90+]. These data imply a progenitor/progeny relationship between pericytes and SA-ASC, the most mesenchymal of SVF cells. Despite phenotypic and functional similarities to BM-MSC, SA-ASC are distinguished by CD34 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Zimmerlin
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Division of Pediatric Oncology
| | - Vera S. Donnenberg
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine
| | - J. Peter Rubin
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery
| | - Albert D. Donnenberg
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Human stem cells and articular cartilage regeneration. Cells 2012; 1:994-1009. [PMID: 24710539 PMCID: PMC3901135 DOI: 10.3390/cells1040994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The regeneration of articular cartilage damaged due to trauma and posttraumatic osteoarthritis is an unmet medical need. Current approaches to regeneration and tissue engineering of articular cartilage include the use of chondrocytes, stem cells, scaffolds and signals, including morphogens and growth factors. Stem cells, as a source of cells for articular cartilage regeneration, are a critical factor for articular cartilage regeneration. This is because articular cartilage tissue has a low cell turnover and does not heal spontaneously. Adult stem cells have been isolated from various tissues, such as bone marrow, adipose, synovial tissue, muscle and periosteum. Signals of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily play critical roles in chondrogenesis. However, adult stem cells derived from various tissues tend to differ in their chondrogenic potential. Pluripotent stem cells have unlimited proliferative capacity compared to adult stem cells. Chondrogenesis from embryonic stem (ES) cells has been studied for more than a decade. However, establishment of ES cells requires embryos and leads to ethical issues for clinical applications. Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are generated by cellular reprogramming of adult cells by transcription factors. Although iPS cells have chondrogenic potential, optimization, generation and differentiation toward articular chondrocytes are currently under intense investigation.
Collapse
|
40
|
Oldershaw RA. Cell sources for the regeneration of articular cartilage: the past, the horizon and the future. Int J Exp Pathol 2012; 93:389-400. [PMID: 23075006 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2012.00837.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Avascular, aneural articular cartilage has a low capacity for self-repair and as a consequence is highly susceptible to degradative diseases such as osteoarthritis. Thus the development of cell-based therapies that repair focal defects in otherwise healthy articular cartilage is an important research target, aiming both to delay the onset of degradative diseases and to decrease the need for joint replacement surgery. This review will discuss the cell sources which are currently being investigated for the generation of chondrogenic cells. Autologous chondrocyte implantation using chondrocytes expanded ex vivo was the first chondrogenic cellular therapy to be used clinically. However, limitations in expansion potential have led to the investigation of adult mesenchymal stem cells as an alternative cell source and these therapies are beginning to enter clinical trials. The chondrogenic potential of human embryonic stem cells will also be discussed as a developmentally relevant cell source, which has the potential to generate chondrocytes with phenotype closer to that of articular cartilage. The clinical application of these chondrogenic cells is much further away as protocols and tissue engineering strategies require additional optimization. The efficacy of these cell types in the regeneration of articular cartilage tissue that is capable of withstanding biomechanical loading will be evaluated according to the developing regulatory framework to determine the most appropriate cellular therapy for adoption across an expanding patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Oldershaw
- North East England Stem Cell Institute (NESCI), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Comparative analysis of differentially expressed genes in Sika deer antler at different stages. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:1665-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2216-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
42
|
Park TS, Zimmerlin L, Zambidis ET. Efficient and simultaneous generation of hematopoietic and vascular progenitors from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Cytometry A 2012; 83:114-26. [PMID: 22736485 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The hematopoietic and vascular lineages are intimately entwined as they arise together from bipotent hemangioblasts and hemogenic endothelial precursors during human embryonic development. In vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells toward these lineages provides opportunities for elucidating the mechanisms of hematopoietic genesis. We previously demonstrated the stepwise in vitro differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) to definitive erythromyelopoiesis through clonogenic bipotent primitive hemangioblasts. This system recapitulates an orderly hematopoiesis similar to human yolk sac development via the generation of mesodermal-hematoendothelial progenitor cells that give rise to endothelium followed by embryonic primitive and definitive hematopoietic cells. Here, we report that under modified feeder-free endothelial culture conditions, multipotent CD34⁺ CD45⁺ hematopoietic progenitors arise in mass quantities from differentiated hESC and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC). These hematopoietic progenitors arose directly from adherent endothelial/stromal cell layers in a manner resembling in vivo hematopoiesis from embryonic hemogenic endothelium. Although fibroblast-derived hiPSC lines were previously found inefficient in hemato-endothelial differentiation capacity, our culture system also supported robust hiPSC hemato-vascular differentiation at levels comparable to hESC. We present comparative differentiation results for simultaneously generating hematopoietic and vascular progenitors from both hESC and fibroblast-hiPSC. This defined, optimized, and low-density differentiation system will be ideal for direct single-cell time course studies of the earliest hematopoietic events using time-lapse videography, or bulk kinetics using flow cytometry analyses on emerging hematopoietic progenitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tea Soon Park
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Declercq HA, Forsyth RG, Verbruggen A, Verdonk R, Cornelissen MJ, Verdonk PCM. CD34 and SMA expression of superficial zone cells in the normal and pathological human meniscus. J Orthop Res 2012; 30:800-8. [PMID: 22025365 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate histological changes in torn (0.5-27 weeks after injury) and osteoarthritic (OA) knee menisci versus normal menisci after PAS-AB, SAF-O-FG, and immunostaining for CD34, CD31, and smooth muscle actin (SMA). Cell layers in the superficial zone and the cell density in the deep zone of the menisci were counted. In the superficial zone of normal menisci, cells expressing CD34 were demonstrated. CD34(+) CD31(-) cells were absent in OA menisci and disappeared in torn menisci as a function of time. In contrast, an increase of SMA(+) cells combined with an increase of cell layers was observed in the superficial zone of torn menisci. SMA(+) cells were absent in normal and OA menisci. The predominant tissue type in torn menisci evolved from fibrocartilage-like to fibrous-like tissue as a function of time, whereas in OA menisci it became cartilage-like. The response of the superficial zone was reflected by the decrease of CD34(+) and the increase of SMA(+) cells in torn menisci and the transformation of a fibrous-like into a cartilage-like surface layer in OA menisci. These results potentially illustrate the contribution of CD34(+) cells to the homeostasis of meniscus tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi A Declercq
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Undale A, Fraser D, Hefferan T, Kopher RA, Herrick J, Evans GL, Li X, Kakar S, Hayes M, Atkinson E, Yaszemski MJ, Kaufman DS, Westendorf JJ, Khosla S. Induction of fracture repair by mesenchymal cells derived from human embryonic stem cells or bone marrow. J Orthop Res 2011; 29:1804-11. [PMID: 21674605 PMCID: PMC3179810 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Development of novel therapeutic approaches to repair fracture non-unions remains a critical clinical necessity. We evaluated the capacity of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) to induce healing in a fracture non-union model in rats. In addition, we placed these findings in the context of parallel studies using human bone marrow MSCs (hBM-MSCs) or a no cell control group (n = 10-12 per group). Preliminary studies demonstrated that both for hESC-derived MSCs and hBM-MSCs, optimal induction of fracture healing required in vitro osteogenic differentiation of these cells. Based on biomechanical testing of fractured femurs, maximum torque, and stiffness were significantly greater in the hBM-MSC as compared to the control group that received no cells; values for these parameters in the hESC-derived MSC group were intermediate between the hBM-MSC and control groups, and not significantly different from the control group. However, some evidence of fracture healing was evident by X-ray in the hESC-derived MSC group. Our results thus indicate that while hESC-derived MSCs may have potential to induce fracture healing in non-unions, hBM-MSCs function more efficiently in this process. Additional studies are needed to further modify hESCs to achieve optimal fracture healing by these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Undale
- Endocrine Research Unit, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel Fraser
- Endocrine Research Unit, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Theresa Hefferan
- Orthopedic Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ross A. Kopher
- Department of Medicine and Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - James Herrick
- Orthopedic Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Glenda L. Evans
- Orthopedic Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Orthopedic Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sanjeev Kakar
- Orthopedic Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Meredith Hayes
- Orthopedic Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Dan S. Kaufman
- Department of Medicine and Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Sundeep Khosla
- Endocrine Research Unit, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Katori Y, Kiyokawa H, Kawase T, Murakami G, Cho BH. CD34-positive primitive vessels and other structures in human fetuses: an immunohistochemical study. Acta Otolaryngol 2011; 131:1086-90. [PMID: 21651317 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2011.590152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION CD34-positive mesenchymal tissues are likely to play a critical role in the pattern formation of laryngeal and pharyngeal walls. In the ear, nose, and throat regions, a future clinical relevance may be found in their use for muscle repair and regeneration. OBJECTIVES CD34 is a well-known marker of progenitor cells of blood vessels and stromal tissues. Thus, CD34-positive cells have recently been used clinically in the field of vascular and orthopedic biotechnology because of their capacity to assist regeneration of injured tissues. However, to our knowledge, the in situ distribution of CD34-positive cells has not yet been described in the human fetus, with the exception of a few organs. The purpose of this study was to describe the location of CD34-positive cells in the head and neck regions. METHODS Immunohistochemistry for CD34 was carried out using seven human fetuses (12 and 15 weeks of gestation). RESULTS CD34-positive structures showed a vessel-like appearance and were regularly arrayed along the nasal, oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal mucosal epithelia, whereas in the laryngeal and pharyngeal striated muscles they were distributed diffusely as fibrous tissues such as the fascia and perimysium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Katori
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Sendai Municipal Hospital, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Barbet R, Peiffer I, Hatzfeld A, Charbord P, Hatzfeld JA. Comparison of Gene Expression in Human Embryonic Stem Cells, hESC-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2011; 2011:368192. [PMID: 21941565 PMCID: PMC3166576 DOI: 10.4061/2011/368192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a strategy to identify developmental/differentiation and
plasma membrane marker genes of the most primitive human Mesenchymal
Stem Cells (hMSCs). Using sensitive and quantitative TaqMan Low
Density Arrays (TLDA) methodology, we compared the expression of 381
genes in human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs), hESC-derived MSCs
(hES-MSCs), and hMSCs. Analysis of differentiation genes indicated
that hES-MSCs express the sarcomeric muscle lineage in addition to the
classical mesenchymal lineages, suggesting they are more primitive
than hMSCs. Transcript analysis of membrane antigens suggests that IL1R1low, BMPR1Blow, FLT4low, LRRC32low, and CD34 may be good candidates for the detection and
isolation of the most primitive hMSCs. The expression in hMSCs of
cytokine genes, such as IL6, IL8, or FLT3LG, without expression of the
corresponding receptor, suggests a role for these cytokines in the
paracrine control of stem cell niches. Our database may be shared with
other laboratories in order to explore the considerable clinical
potential of hES-MSCs, which appear to represent an intermediate
developmental stage between hESCs and hMSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Barbet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut André Lwoff, 7, Rue Guy Moquet, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abe SI, Suzuki M, Cho KH, Murakami G, Cho BH, Ide Y. CD34-positive developing vessels and other structures in human fetuses: an immunohistochemical study. Surg Radiol Anat 2011; 33:919-27. [PMID: 21789504 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-011-0854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
CD34 is a well-known marker of progenitor cells of blood vessels and stromal tissues. Thus, CD34-positive cells have recently been used clinically in the field of vascular and orthopedic biotechnology because of their capacity to assist regeneration of injured tissues. However, to our knowledge, the in situ distribution of CD34-positive cells has not yet been described in the human fetus, with the exception of a few organs. In the present study, we conducted immunohistochemistry for CD34 using 12 human fetuses (9-15 weeks of gestation). CD34-positive structures showed a vessel-like appearance and were regularly arrayed in the viscera, nerves and lymph nodes, whereas in the body wall and extremities, they were distributed diffusely as fibrous tissues, such as the fascia and perimysium. The myocardium was also divided and bundled by CD34-positive fibrous tissues. In striated muscles, limited examples of CD34 expression were found in the tongue and extraocular muscles in which only vessels were positive. Lymphatic vessels were negative for CD34. In addition to their contribution to vascular development in any part of the body, CD34-positive mesenchymal tissues seem to play a critical role in the pattern formation of skeletal muscle, synovial tissue and other muscle/tendon-associated tissues in human fetuses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Abe
- Oral Health Science Center HRC8, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Angiopoietin-1 promotes endothelial differentiation from embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. Blood 2011; 118:2094-104. [PMID: 21680798 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-12-323907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) plays a crucial role in vascular and hematopoietic development, mainly through its cognate receptor Tie2. However, little is known about the precise role of Ang1 in embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation. In the present study, we used COMP-Ang1 (a soluble and potent variant of Ang1) to explore the effect of Ang1 on endothelial and hematopoietic differentiation of mouse ESCs in an OP9 coculture system and found that Ang1 promoted endothelial cell (EC) differentiation from Flk-1(+) mesodermal precursors. This effect mainly occurred through Tie2 signaling and was altered in the presence of soluble Tie2-Fc. We accounted for this Ang1-induced expansion of ECs as enhanced proliferation and survival. Ang1 also had an effect on CD41(+) cells, transient precursors that can differentiate into both endothelial and hematopoietic lineages. Intriguingly, Ang1 induced the preferential differentiation of CD41(+) cells toward ECs instead of hematopoietic cells. This EC expansion promoted by Ang1 was also recapitulated in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and human ESCs. We successfully achieved in vivo neovascularization in mice by transplantation of ECs obtained from Ang1-stimulated ESCs. We conclude that Ang1/Tie2 signaling has a pivotal role in ESC-EC differentiation and that this effect can be exploited to expand EC populations.
Collapse
|
49
|
Szade K, Zuba-Surma E, Rutkowsk AJ, Jozkowicz A, Dulak J. CD45-CD14 +CD34 + murine bone marrow low-adherent mesenchymal primitive cells preserve multilineage differentiation potential in long-term in vitro culture. Mol Cells 2011; 31:497-507. [PMID: 21533906 PMCID: PMC3887617 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-011-2176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived cells have been postulated as a source of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). However, the whole fraction of MSC remains heterogeneous and the expansion of primitive subset of these cells is still not well established. Here, we optimized the protocol for propagating the low-adherent subfraction of MSC which results in long-term expansion of population characterized by CD45(-)CD14(+)CD34(+) phenotype along with expression of common MSC markers. We established that the expanded MSC are capable of differentiating into endothelial cells highly expressing angiogenic markers and exhibiting functional properties of endothelium. Moreover, we found these cells to be multipotent and capable of giving rise into cells from neuronal lineages. Interestingly, the expanded MSC form characteristic cellular spheres in vitro indicating primitive features of these cells. In sum, we isolated the novel multipotent subpopulation of CD45(-)CD14(+) CD34(+) bone marrow-derived cells that could be maintained in long-term culture without losing this potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Szade
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Zuba-Surma
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej J. Rutkowsk
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Present address: The Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jozef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|