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Foster BL. The role of bone sialoprotein in bone healing. J Struct Biol 2024; 216:108132. [PMID: 39369971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2024.108132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is a multi-functional extracellular matrix (ECM) protein associated with mineralized tissues, particularly bone and cementum. The amino acid sequence of BSP includes three evolutionarily conserved sequences which contribute to functions of the protein: an N-terminal collagen-binding domain, polyglutamic acid (polyE) sequences involved in hydroxyapatite nucleation and crystal growth, and a C-terminal arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) integrin-binding domain. BSP promotes attachment and differentiation of osteogenic and osteoclastic cells. Genetic ablation of BSP in mice results in skeletal and dental developmental defects and impaired bone healing in both appendicular bone and alveolar bone of the jaw. Several studies demonstrated positive effects of BSP on bone healing in rodent models, though other experiments show negligible results. Native (harvested from rat bones) BSP cross-linked to collagen induced slight improvements in calvarial bone healing in rats. Recombinant BSP and collagen delivered in a polylactide (PLA) cylinder improved bone defect healing in rat femurs. Both native and recombinant BSP delivered in a collagen gel improved alveolar bone healing in wild-type and BSP-deficient mice. These advances suggest BSP is a new player in bone healing that has potential to be an alternative or complimentary to other bioactive factors. Future studies are necessary to understand mechanisms of how BSP influences bone healing and optimize delivery and dose in different types of bone defects and injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Fujikawa K, Socorro M, Lukashova L, Hoskere P, Keskinidis P, Verdelis K, Napierala D. Deficiency of Trps1 in Cementoblasts Impairs Cementogenesis and Tooth Root Formation. Calcif Tissue Int 2024:10.1007/s00223-024-01277-2. [PMID: 39177752 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-024-01277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Cementum is the least studied of all mineralized tissues and little is known about mechanisms regulating its formation. Therefore, the goal of this study was to provide new insights into the transcriptional regulation of cementum formation by determining the consequences of the deficiency of the Trps1 transcription factor in cementoblasts. We used Trps1Col1a1 cKO (2.3Co1a1-CreERT2;Trps1fl/fl) mice, in which Trps1 is deleted in cementoblasts. Micro-computed tomography analyses of molars of 4-week-old males and females demonstrated significantly shorter roots with thinner mineralized tissues (root dentin and cementum) in Trps1Col1a1 cKO compared to WT mice. Semi-quantitative histological analyses revealed a significantly reduced area of cellular cementum and localized deficiencies of acellular cementum in Trps1Col1a1 cKO mice. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed clustering of cementoblasts at the apex of roots, and intermittent absence of cementoblasts on Trps1Col1a1 cKO cementum surfaces. Fewer Osterix-positive cells adjacent to cellular cementum were also detected in Trps1Col1a1 cKO compared to WT mice. Decreased levels of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), an enzyme required for proper cementogenesis, were apparent in cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone of Trps1Col1a1 cKO. There were no apparent differences in levels of bone sialoprotein (Bsp) in cementum. Quantitative analyses of picrosirius red-stained periodontal ligament revealed shorter and disorganized collagen fibers in Trps1Col1a1 cKO mice demonstrating impaired periodontal structure. In conclusion, this study has identified Trps1 transcription factor as one of the important regulators of cellular and acellular cementum formation. Furthermore, this study suggests that Trps1 supports the function of cementoblasts by upregulating expression of the major proteins required for cementogenesis, such as Osterix and TNAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Fujikawa
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 501 Salk Pavilion, 335 Sutherland Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Mairobys Socorro
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 501 Salk Pavilion, 335 Sutherland Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Lyudmila Lukashova
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 501 Salk Pavilion, 335 Sutherland Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Priyanka Hoskere
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 501 Salk Pavilion, 335 Sutherland Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Paulina Keskinidis
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 501 Salk Pavilion, 335 Sutherland Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Kostas Verdelis
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 501 Salk Pavilion, 335 Sutherland Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Dobrawa Napierala
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 501 Salk Pavilion, 335 Sutherland Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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Sawada K, Shimomura J, Takedachi M, Murata M, Morimoto C, Kawasaki K, Kawakami K, Iwayama T, Murakami S. Activation of periodontal ligament cell cytodifferentiation by juxtacrine signaling from cementoblasts. J Periodontol 2024; 95:256-267. [PMID: 37492992 DOI: 10.1002/jper.23-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New cementum forms from existing cementum during periodontal tissue regeneration, indicating that cementoblasts may interact with progenitor cells in the periodontal ligament to enhance cementogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms of this process are currently unknown. This study aims to clarify the role of cell-cell interactions between cementoblasts and periodontal ligament cells in differentiation into cementoblasts. METHODS To analyze the role of human cementoblast-like cells (HCEMs) on human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLs), we mixed cell suspensions of enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged HPDLs and HCEMs, and then seeded and cultured them in single wells (direct co-cultures). We sorted co-cultured HPDLs and analyzed their characteristics, including the expression of cementum-related genes. In addition, we cultured HPDLs and HCEMs in a non-contact environment using a culture system composed of an upper insert and a lower well separated by a semi-permeable membrane (indirect co-cultures), and similar analysis was performed. Gene expression of integrin-binding sialoprotein (IBSP) in cementoblasts was confirmed in mouse periodontal tissues. We also investigated the effect of Wingless-type (Wnt) signaling on the differentiation of HPDLs into cementoblasts. RESULTS Direct co-culture of HPDLs with HCEMs significantly upregulated the expression of cementoblast-related genes in HPDLs, whereas indirect co-culture exerted no effect. Wnt3A stimulation significantly upregulated IBSP expression in HPDLs, whereas inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling suppressed the effects of co-culture. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that direct cell interactions with cementoblasts promote periodontal ligament cell differentiation into cementoblasts. Juxtacrine signaling via the canonical Wnt pathway plays a role in this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Sawada
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junpei Shimomura
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahide Takedachi
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Murata
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chiaki Morimoto
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Kawasaki
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuma Kawakami
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Iwayama
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Chavez MB, Tan MH, Kolli TN, Andras NL, Foster BL. Functional defects in cementoblasts with disrupted bone sialoprotein functional domains, in vitro. Bone 2024; 179:116961. [PMID: 37951522 PMCID: PMC10841848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is a multifunctional extracellular matrix (ECM) protein present in bone and cementum. Global in vivo ablation of BSP leads to bone mineralization defects, lack of acellular cementum, and periodontal breakdown. BSP harbors three main functional domains: N-terminal collagen-binding domain, hydroxyapatite-nucleating domain, and C-terminal RGD integrin-binding signaling domain. How each of these domains contributes to BSP function(s) is not understood. We hypothesized that collagen-binding and RGD domains play distinct roles in cementoblast functions. Three CRISPR/Cas9 gene-edited cell lines were derived from control wild-type (WT) OCCM.30 murine immortalized cementoblasts: 1) deletion of the N-terminus of BSP after signal peptide, including entire collagen binding domain (Ibsp∆N-Term); 2) deletion of exon 4 (majority of collagen-binding domain; Ibsp∆Ex4); and 3) deletion of C-terminus of BSP including the integrin binding RGD domain (Ibsp∆C-Term). Compared to WT, Ibsp∆Ex4 and Ibsp∆C-Term cell lines showed reduced BSP secretion, in vitro. Abnormal cell morphology was observed in all mutant cell lines, with Ibsp∆C-Term showing highly disorganized cytoskeleton. All mutant cell lines showed significantly lower cell proliferation compared to WT at all timepoints. Ibsp∆N-Term cells showed reduced cell migration by 24 h. All mutants exhibited over 50 % significant reduced mineralization at days 6 and 10. While WT cells were largely unaffected by seeding density, mutant cells failed to mineralize at lower cell density. Mutant cell lines diverged from WT and from each other by dysregulated expression in 23 genes involved in mineralization, ECM, and cell signaling. In summary, disabling BSP functional domains led to profound and distinct changes in cementoblast cell functions, especially dysregulated gene expression and reduced mineralization, in a way did not align with a straightforward narrative where each functional domain caused specific, expected differences. Instead, the study uncovered a significant level of complexity in how different mutant forms of BSP affected cell functions, in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Chavez
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michelle H Tan
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tamara N Kolli
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Natalie L Andras
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brian L Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Lira Dos Santos EJ, Nakajima K, Po J, Hanai A, Zhukouskaya V, Biosse Duplan M, Linglart A, Shimada T, Chaussain C, Bardet C. Dental impact of anti-fibroblast growth factor 23 therapy in X-linked hypophosphatemia. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:53. [PMID: 38052774 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) results in rickets and phosphate wasting, manifesting by severe bone and dental abnormalities. Burosumab, a FGF23-neutralizing antibody, an alternative to conventional treatment (phosphorus and active vitamin D analogs), showed significant improvement in the long bone phenotype. Here, we examined whether FGF23 antibody (FGF23-mAb) also improved the dentoalveolar features associated with XLH. Four-week-old male Hyp mice were injected weekly with 4 or 16 mg·kg-1 of FGF23-mAb for 2 months and compared to wild-type (WT) and vehicle (PBS) treated Hyp mice (n = 3-7 mice). Micro-CT analyses showed that both doses of FGF23-mAb restored dentin/cementum volume and corrected the enlarged pulp volume in Hyp mice, the higher concentration resulting in a rescue similar to WT levels. FGF23-mAb treatment also improved alveolar bone volume fraction and mineral density compared to vehicle-treated ones. Histology revealed improved mineralization of the dentoalveolar tissues, with a decreased amount of osteoid, predentin and cementoid. Better periodontal ligament attachment was also observed, evidenced by restoration of the acellular cementum. These preclinical data were consistent with the retrospective analysis of two patients with XLH showing that burosumab treatment improved oral features. Taken together, our data show that the dentoalveolar tissues are greatly improved by FGF23-mAb treatment, heralding its benefit in clinics for dental abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elis J Lira Dos Santos
- Université Paris Cité, Institut des maladies musculo-squelettiques, Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies URP2496 and FHU-DDS-Net, Dental School, and Plateforme d'Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), Montrouge, France
| | - Kenta Nakajima
- R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin, Co., Ltd, 3-6-6 Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Julien Po
- Université Paris Cité, Institut des maladies musculo-squelettiques, Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies URP2496 and FHU-DDS-Net, Dental School, and Plateforme d'Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), Montrouge, France
| | - Ayako Hanai
- R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin, Co., Ltd, 3-6-6 Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Volha Zhukouskaya
- Université Paris Cité, Institut des maladies musculo-squelettiques, Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies URP2496 and FHU-DDS-Net, Dental School, and Plateforme d'Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), Montrouge, France
| | - Martin Biosse Duplan
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Dental Medicine Department, Bretonneau Hospital, GHN-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Linglart
- Paris-Saclay University, AP-HP, INSERM U1185, DMU SEA, Endocrinology and Diabetes for Children, Reference Center for Rare Diseases of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, OSCAR filière, EndoRare, and BOND ERNs, Bicêtre Paris Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Takashi Shimada
- Medical Affairs Department, Kyowa Kirin, Co., Ltd, 1-9-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- Université Paris Cité, Institut des maladies musculo-squelettiques, Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies URP2496 and FHU-DDS-Net, Dental School, and Plateforme d'Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), Montrouge, France
- AP-HP, Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Dental Medicine Department, Bretonneau Hospital, GHN-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Claire Bardet
- Université Paris Cité, Institut des maladies musculo-squelettiques, Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies URP2496 and FHU-DDS-Net, Dental School, and Plateforme d'Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), Montrouge, France.
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Mohamed FF, de Oliveira FA, Kinoshita Y, Yalamanchili RR, Eltilib LA, Andras NL, Narisawa S, Tani T, Chu EY, Millán JL, Foster BL. Dentoalveolar Alterations in an Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Mouse Model. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:1192-1207. [PMID: 37191192 PMCID: PMC10524958 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by kidney damage and loss of renal function. CKD mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) describes the dysregulation of mineral homeostasis, including hyperphosphatemia and elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, skeletal abnormalities, and vascular calcification. CKD-MBD impacts the oral cavity, with effects including salivary gland dysfunction, enamel hypoplasia and damage, increased dentin formation, decreased pulp volume, pulp calcifications, and altered jaw bones, contributing to clinical manifestations of periodontal disease and tooth loss. Underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, and CKD mouse models commonly require invasive procedures with high rates of infection and mortality. We aimed to characterize the dentoalveolar effects of an adenine diet (AD)-induced CKD (AD-CKD) mouse model. Eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice were provided either a normal phosphorus diet control (CTR) or adenine and high-phosphorus diet CKD to induce kidney failure. Mice were euthanized at 15 weeks old, and mandibles were collected for micro-computed tomography and histology. CKD mice exhibited kidney failure, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperparathyroidism in association with porous cortical bone in femurs. CKD mice showed a 30% decrease in molar enamel volume compared to CTR mice. Enamel wear was associated with reduced ductal components, ectopic calcifications, and altered osteopontin (OPN) deposition in submandibular salivary glands of CKD mice. Molar cusps in CKD mice were flattened, exposing dentin. Molar dentin/cementum volume increased 7% in CKD mice and pulp volume decreased. Histology revealed excessive reactionary dentin and altered pulp-dentin extracellular matrix proteins, including increased OPN. Mandibular bone volume fraction decreased 12% and bone mineral density decreased 9% in CKD versus CTR mice. Alveolar bone in CKD mice exhibited increased tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase localization, OPN deposition, and greater osteoclast numbers. AD-CKD recapitulated key aspects reported in CKD patients and revealed new insights into CKD-associated oral defects. This model has potential for studying mechanisms of dentoalveolar defects or therapeutic interventions. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma F. Mohamed
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Flavia Amadeu de Oliveira
- Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yuka Kinoshita
- Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Riti R. Yalamanchili
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Leena A. Eltilib
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Natalie L. Andras
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sonoko Narisawa
- Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Tani
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emily Y. Chu
- Department of General Dentistry, Operative Division, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - José Luis Millán
- Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brian L. Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Nagasaki K, Nagasaki A, Taylor JM, Kear BD, Ma Y, Somerman MJ, Gavrilova O. The RGD region of bone sialoprotein affects metabolic activity in mice. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2023.1124084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionBone sialoprotein (BSP) is a key regulator of mineralized tissue formation. Previously, we generated BSP-KAE knock-in mice (KAEKI mice) by substituting a non-function KAE (lysine-alanine-glutamic acid) for the integrin-binding RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid) sequence and reported a vital role of the BSP-RGD motif in modulating the periodontal ligament (PDL). Specifically, histologically a disorganization of the PDL was noted, resulting in a weakened function of the PDL as measured by dynamic mechanical analysis. Intriguingly, also noted was a weight gain as KAEKI mice aged. While several proteins associated with mineralized tissues are reported to affect energy metabolism, the metabolic role of the BSP-RGD region has yet to be elucidated. Here we focus on defining the role of the BSP-RGD region in metabolic activity.MethodsBody weight, body composition, and caloric intake were measured in wild type (WT) and KAEKI mice. Energy expenditure was estimated using energy balance technique. Epididymal fat, interscapular fat, and liver were harvested for histological analysis. Systemic metabolic phenotype was assessed by sera analyses, insulin tolerance and glucose tolerance tests.ResultsThe results showed that KAEKI mice developed mild obesity starting from 13 weeks postnatal (wpn). The increase in body weight correlated with an increase in lean mass and visceral adiposity. Histological examination revealed adipocyte hypertrophy in white epididymal fat and interscapular brown fat in KAEKI vs. WT mice at 17 wpn. Metabolic profiling indicated that KAEKI mice had dyslipidemia and hyperleptinemia but no significant changes in glucose metabolism. Energy balance analyses revealed that hyperphagia preceded weight gain in KAEKI mice.ConclusionThese data suggest that the RGD region of BSP affects energy metabolism by regulating food intake, with further studies warranted to uncover the underlying mechanisms.
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Chavez M, Tan MH, Kolli TN, Zachariadou C, Farah F, Mohamed F, Chu E, Foster B. Bone Sialoprotein Is Critical for Alveolar Bone Healing in Mice. J Dent Res 2023; 102:187-196. [PMID: 36377066 PMCID: PMC9893390 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221126716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein associated with mineralized tissues, particularly bone and cementum. BSP includes functional domains implicated in collagen binding, hydroxyapatite nucleation, and cell signaling, although its function(s) in osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and function remain incompletely understood. Genetic ablation of BSP in Ibsp knockout (Ibsp-/-) mice results in developmental bone mineralization and remodeling defects, with alveolar bone more severely affected than the femurs and tibias of the postcranial skeleton. The role of BSP in alveolar bone healing has not been studied. We hypothesized that BSP ablation would cause defective alveolar bone healing. We employed a maxillary first molar extraction socket healing model in 42-d postnatalIbsp-/- and wild-type (WT) control mice. Tissues were collected at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 56 d postprocedure (dpp) for analysis by micro-computed tomography (microCT), histology, in situ hybridization (ISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) array. As expected, alveolar bone healing progressed in WT mice with increasing bone volume fraction (BV/TV), bone mineral density (BMD), and tissue mineral density (TMD), transitioning from woven to mature bone from 7 to 56 dpp. Ibsp messenger RNA (mRNA) and BSP protein were strongly expressed during alveolar bone healing in parallel with other osteogenic markers. Compared to WT, Ibsp-/- mice exhibited 50% to 70% reduced BV/TV and BMD at all time points, 7% reduced TMD at 21 dpp, abnormally increased Col1a1 and Alpl mRNA expression, and persistent presence of woven bone and increased bone marrow in healing sockets. qPCR revealed substantially dysregulated gene expression in alveolar bone of Ibsp-/- versus WT mice, with significantly disrupted expression of 45% of tested genes in functional groups, including markers for osteoblasts, osteoclasts, mineralization, ECM, cell signaling, and inflammation. We conclude that BSP is a critical and nonredundant factor for alveolar bone healing, and its absence disrupts multiple major pathways involved in appropriate healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.B. Chavez
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - M. H. Tan
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T. N. Kolli
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - C. Zachariadou
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - F. Farah
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - F.F. Mohamed
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - E.Y. Chu
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B.L. Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Nagasaki K, Chavez M, Nagasaki A, Taylor J, Tan M, Ma M, Ralston E, Thew M, Kim DG, Somerman M, Foster B. The Bone Sialoprotein RGD Domain Modulates and Maintains Periodontal Development. J Dent Res 2022; 101:1238-1247. [PMID: 35686360 PMCID: PMC9403724 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221100794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone sialoprotein (gene: Ibsp; protein: BSP) is a multifunctional extracellular matrix protein present in bone, cementum, and dentin. Accumulating evidence supports BSP as a key regulator of mineralized tissue formation via evolutionarily conserved functional domains, including a C-terminal integrin-binding Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) domain implicated in extracellular matrix-cell signaling. Ablation of Ibsp in mice (Ibsp-/-) results in impaired bone growth and mineralization and defective osteoclastogenesis, with effects in the craniofacial region including reduced acellular cementum formation, detachment of the periodontal ligament (PDL), alveolar bone hypomineralization, and severe periodontal breakdown. We hypothesized that BSP-RGD plays an important role in cementum and alveolar bone formation and mineralization, as well as periodontal function. This hypothesis was tested by replacing the RGD motif with a nonfunctional Lys-Ala-Glu (KAE) sequence in (IbspKAE/KAE) mice and OCCM.30 murine (IbspKAE) cementoblasts. The RGD domain was not critical for acellular or cellular cementum formation in IbspKAE/KAE mice. However, PDL volume and thickness were increased, and significantly more tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts were found on alveolar bone surfaces of IbspKAE/KAE mice versus wild type mice. PDL organization was disrupted as indicated by picrosirius red stain, second harmonic generation imaging, dynamic mechanical analysis, and decreased asporin proteoglycan localization. In vitro studies implicated RGD functions in cell migration, adhesion, and mineralization, and this was confirmed by an ossicle implant model where cells lacking BSP-RGD showed substantial defects as compared with controls. In total, the BSP-RGD domain is implicated in periodontal development, though the scale and scope of changes indicated by in vitro studies indicate that other factors may partially compensate for and reduce the phenotypic severity of mice lacking BSP-RGD in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Nagasaki
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M.B. Chavez
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - A. Nagasaki
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J.M. Taylor
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M.H. Tan
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M. Ma
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - E. Ralston
- Light Imaging Section, Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M.E. Thew
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D.-G. Kim
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M.J. Somerman
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B.L. Foster
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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10
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Andras NL, Mohamed FF, Chu EY, Foster BL. Between a rock and a hard place: Regulation of mineralization in the periodontium. Genesis 2022; 60:e23474. [PMID: 35460154 PMCID: PMC9492628 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The periodontium supports and attaches teeth via mineralized and nonmineralized tissues. It consists of two, unique mineralized tissues, cementum and alveolar bone. In between these tissues, lies an unmineralized, fibrous periodontal ligament (PDL), which distributes occlusal forces, nourishes and invests teeth, and harbors progenitor cells for dentoalveolar repair. Many unanswered questions remain regarding periodontal biology. This review will focus on recent research providing insights into one enduring mystery: the precise regulation of the hard-soft tissue borders in the periodontium which define the interfaces of the cementum-PDL-alveolar bone structure. We will focus on advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms that maintain the unmineralized PDL "between a rock and a hard place" by regulating the mineralization of cementum and alveolar bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L. Andras
- Biosciences Division, College of DentistryThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Fatma F. Mohamed
- Biosciences Division, College of DentistryThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Emily Y. Chu
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, School of DentistryUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Brian L. Foster
- Biosciences Division, College of DentistryThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
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11
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Characterization of SIBLING Proteins in the Mineralized Tissues. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10080144. [PMID: 36005242 PMCID: PMC9406783 DOI: 10.3390/dj10080144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The SIBLING proteins are a family of non-collagenous proteins (NCPs) previously thought to be expressed only in dentin but have been demonstrated in other mineralized and non-mineralized tissues. They are believed to play vital roles in both osteogenesis and dentinogenesis. Since they are tightly regulated lifelong processes and involve a peak of mineralization, three different age groups were investigated. Fifteen wild-type (WT) mice were euthanized at ages 1, 3, and 6 months. Hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) was performed to localize various microscopic structures in the mice mandibles and tibias. The immunostaining pattern was compared using antibodies for dentin sialoprotein (DSP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteopontin (OPN). Immunostaining of DSP in tibia showed its most noticeable staining in the 3-month age group. DSP was expressed in alveolar bone, cellular cementum, and PDL. A similar expression of DMP1 was seen in the tibia and dentin. BSP was most noticeably detected in the tibia and acellular cementum. OPN was mainly expressed in the bone. A lower level of OPN was observed at all age groups in the teeth. The immunostaining intensity was the least detected for all proteins in the 6-month tibia sample. The expression patterns of the four SIBLING proteins showed variations in their staining intensity and temporospatial patterning concordant with skeletal and dental maturity. These findings suggest some role in this tightly regulated mineralization process.
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Nagasaki K, Gavrilova O, Hajishengallis G, Somerman MJ. Does the RGD region of certain proteins affect metabolic activity? FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.974862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the role of mineralized tissues and their associated factors in governing whole-body metabolism should be of value toward informing clinical strategies to treat mineralized tissue and metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and obesity. This perspective provides evidence suggesting a role for the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) region, a sequence identified in several proteins secreted by bone cells, as well as other cells, in modulating systemic metabolic activity. We focus on (a) two of the SIBLING (small integrin-binding ligand, N-linked glycoprotein) family genes/proteins, bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteopontin (OPN), (b) insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 & 2 (IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2) and (c) developmental endothelial locus 1 (DEL1) and milk fat globule–EGF factor-8 (MFG-E8). In addition, for our readers to appreciate the mounting evidence that a multitude of bone secreted factors affect the activity of other tissues, we provide a brief overview of other proteins, to include fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), phosphatase orphan 1 (PHOSPHO1), osteocalcin (OCN/BGLAP), tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) and acidic serine aspartic-rich MEPE-associated motif (ASARM), along with known/suggested functions of these factors in influencing energy metabolism.
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13
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Figueredo CA, Abdelhay N, Gibson MP. The Roles of SIBLING Proteins in Dental, Periodontal and Craniofacial Development. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.898802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of dental, periodontal, and craniofacial tissues are derived from the neural crest cells and ectoderm. Neural crest stem cells are pluripotent, capable of differentiating into a variety of cells. These cells can include osteoblasts, odontoblasts, cementoblasts, chondroblasts, and fibroblasts which are responsible for forming some of the tissues of the oral and craniofacial complex. The hard tissue forming cells deposit a matrix composed of collagen and non-collagenous proteins (NCPs) that later undergoes mineralization. The NCPs play a role in the mineralization of collagen. One such category of NCPs is the small integrin-binding ligand, N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) family of proteins. This family is composed of dentin sialophosphosprotein (DSPP), osteopontin (OPN), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE). The SIBLING family is known to have regulatory effects in the mineralization process of collagen fibers and the maturation of hydroxyapatite crystals. It is well established that SIBLING proteins have critical roles in tooth development. Recent literature has described the expression and role of SIBLING proteins in other areas of the oral and craniofacial complex as well. The objective of the present literature review is to summarize and discuss the different roles the SIBLING proteins play in the development of dental, periodontal, and craniofacial tissues.
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14
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Yamada M, Kimura T, Nakamura N, Watanabe J, Kartikasari N, He X, Tiskratok W, Yoshioka H, Shinno H, Egusa H. Titanium Nanosurface with a Biomimetic Physical Microenvironment to Induce Endogenous Regeneration of the Periodontium. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:27703-27719. [PMID: 35695310 PMCID: PMC9231364 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The periodontium supports the teeth by dentoalveolar fibrous joints that serve unique oral functions. Endogenous regeneration of the periodontium around artificial teeth (dental implants) provides a cost-effective solution for the extension of healthy life expectancy but remains a challenge in regenerative medicine. Biomimetics can create smart biomaterials that tune endogenous cells at a tissue-material interface. Here, we created a smart titanium nanosurface mimicking the surface nanotopography and micromechanical properties of the tooth root cementum (TRC), which is essential for the induction of dentoalveolar fibrous joints to regenerate the periodontium. After transplantation into the rat renal capsule, only the titanium artificial tooth with the TRC-mimetic nanosurface formed a complex dentoalveolar fibrous joint structure, with bone tissue, periodontal ligament (PDL), and TRC, in the decellularized jawbone matrix. TRC-mimetic titanium implants induce the formation of functional periodontium, even in a jawbone implantation model, which generally causes osseointegration (ankyloses). In human PDL cells, TRC analogousness in the surface mechanical microenvironment regulates matrix mineralization through bone sialoprotein expression and phosphorus metabolism, which are critical for cementogenesis. Therefore, the titanium nanosurfaces with nanotopographical and mechanical microenvironments mimicking the TRC surface induce dentoalveolar fibrous joints for periodontal regeneration by interfacial tuning of endogenous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yamada
- Division
of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kimura
- Institute
of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo
Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Naoko Nakamura
- Department
of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and
Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Jun Watanabe
- Division
of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Nadia Kartikasari
- Division
of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Xindie He
- Division
of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Watcharaphol Tiskratok
- Division
of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hayato Yoshioka
- Laboratory
for Future Interdisciplinary Research of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 152-8550, Japan
| | - Hidenori Shinno
- Laboratory
for Future Interdisciplinary Research of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 152-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division
of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Center
for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
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15
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Hao Y, Wang Y, Du M, Wang L, Liu Z, Zhang C, Cao Z, He H. Effects of long noncoding RNA H19 on cementoblast differentiation, mineralisation, and proliferation. Acta Odontol Scand 2022; 80:150-156. [PMID: 34392794 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2021.1966096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cementum which is a layer of thin and bone-like mineralised tissue covering tooth root surface is deposited and mineralised by cementoblasts. Recent studies suggested long noncoding RNA H19 (H19) promotes osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralisation, however, the effect of H19 on cementoblasts remains unknown. This study aimed to clarify the regulatory effects of H19 on cementoblast differentiation, mineralisation, and proliferation. MATERIAL AND METHODS An immortalised murine cementoblast cell line OCCM-30 was used in this study. H19 expression was examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) during OCCM-30 cell differentiation. OCCM-30 cells were transfected with lentivirus or siRNA to up-regulate or down-regulate H19, then the levels of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osterix (Sp7), alkaline phosphatase (Alpl), bone sialoprotein (Ibsp), osteocalcin (Bglap) were tested by RT-qPCR or western blot. Alizarin red staining, ALP activity assay and MTS assay were performed to determine the mineralisation and proliferation ability of OCCM-30 cells. RESULTS H19 was dramatically increased during OCCM-30 cell differentiation. Overexpression of H19 increased the levels of Runx2, Sp7, Alpl, Ibsp, and Bglap and enhanced ALP activity and the formation of mineral nodules. While down-regulation of H19 suppressed the above cementoblast differentiation genes and inhibited ALP activity and mineral nodule formation. However, the proliferation of OCCM-30 cells was not affected. CONCLUSIONS H19 promotes the differentiation and mineralisation of cementoblasts without affecting cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunru Hao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Mingyuan Du
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Leilei Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhijian Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Chen Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hong He
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
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16
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Xiong Y, Shen T, Xie X. Effects of different methods of demineralized dentin matrix preservation on the proliferation and differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:1135-1143. [PMID: 35784122 PMCID: PMC9236943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) is used as a tissue regeneration scaffold. Effective preservation of DDM benefits clinical applications. Cryopreservation and freeze-drying may be effective methods to retain DDM mechanical properties and biological activity. Materials and methods Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) isolated using enzymatic dissociation were identified by multidirectional differentiation and flow cytometry. DDM was prepared with EDTA and divided into four groups: fresh DDM (fDDM), room temperature-preserved DDM (rtDDM), cryopreserved DDM (cDDM) and freeze-dried DDM (fdDDM). The DDM surface morphology was observed, and microhardness was detected. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and collagen-Ⅰ (COL-Ⅰ) concentrations in DDM liquid extracts were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The hPDLSCs were cultured with DDM liquid extracts. The effect of DDM on cells proliferation was examined by CCK-8 assay. The effect of DDM on hPDLSC secreted phosphoprotein-1 (SPP1), periostin (POSTN) and COL-Ⅰ gene expression was examined by real-time qPCR. Results cDDM dentinal tubules were larger than those of the other groups. The three storage conditions had no significant effect on DDM microhardness and COL-Ⅰ concentration. However, TGF-β1 and FGF concentrations decreased after storage, with the greatest change in rtDDM, followed by fdDDM and cDDM. The liquid extracts of fDDM, cDDM and fdDDM slightly inhibited hPDLSCs proliferation, but those of rtDDM had no significant effect. The hPDLSCs cultured with fDDM, cDDM and fdDDM liquid extracts showed increased SPP1, POSTN and COL-Ⅰ gene expression. Conclusion Cryopreservation and freeze-drying better maintain the mechanical properties and biological activity of DDM.
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17
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Saxena A, Sharma V, Muthuirulan P, Neufeld SJ, Tran MP, Gutierrez HL, Chen KD, Erberich JM, Birmingham A, Capellini TD, Cobb J, Hiller M, Cooper KL. Interspecies transcriptomics identify genes that underlie disproportionate foot growth in jerboas. Curr Biol 2022; 32:289-303.e6. [PMID: 34793695 PMCID: PMC8792248 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite the great diversity of vertebrate limb proportion and our deep understanding of the genetic mechanisms that drive skeletal elongation, little is known about how individual bones reach different lengths in any species. Here, we directly compare the transcriptomes of homologous growth cartilages of the mouse (Mus musculus) and bipedal jerboa (Jaculus jaculus), the latter of which has "mouse-like" arms but extremely long metatarsals of the feet. Intersecting gene-expression differences in metatarsals and forearms of the two species revealed that about 10% of orthologous genes are associated with the disproportionately rapid elongation of neonatal jerboa feet. These include genes and enriched pathways not previously associated with endochondral elongation as well as those that might diversify skeletal proportion in addition to their known requirements for bone growth throughout the skeleton. We also identified transcription regulators that might act as "nodes" for sweeping differences in genome expression between species. Among these, Shox2, which is necessary for proximal limb elongation, has gained expression in jerboa metatarsals where it has not been detected in other vertebrates. We show that Shox2 is sufficient to increase mouse distal limb length, and a nearby putative cis-regulatory region is preferentially accessible in jerboa metatarsals. In addition to mechanisms that might directly promote growth, we found evidence that jerboa foot elongation may occur in part by de-repressing latent growth potential. The genes and pathways that we identified here provide a framework to understand the modular genetic control of skeletal growth and the remarkable malleability of vertebrate limb proportion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Saxena
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Virag Sharma
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, Dresden 01307, Germany; Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nothnitzerstraße 38, Dresden 01187, Germany
| | - Pushpanathan Muthuirulan
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Stanley J Neufeld
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Mai P Tran
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Haydee L Gutierrez
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kevin D Chen
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joel M Erberich
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Amanda Birmingham
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Terence D Capellini
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - John Cobb
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Michael Hiller
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, Dresden 01307, Germany; Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nothnitzerstraße 38, Dresden 01187, Germany
| | - Kimberly L Cooper
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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18
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OUP accepted manuscript. Eur J Orthod 2022; 44:420-426. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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19
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Li M, Du M, Wang Y, Zhu J, Pan J, Cao Z, He H. CircRNA Lrp6 promotes cementoblast differentiation via miR-145a-5p/Zeb2 axis. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:1200-1212. [PMID: 34492118 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cementum is a part of the periodontium and anchors periodontal ligaments to the alveolar bone. Cementoblasts are responsible for the cementum formation via matrix deposition and subsequently mineralization. Thus, exploring novel mechanisms underlying the function of cementoblast contributes to the treatment of cementum damage. Recently, circRNA Lrp6 (circLRP6) has been of interest due to its active role in cell differentiation, but its potential role in cementoblast differentiation remains unclear. Herein, we attempted to elucidate the role of circLRP6 in cementoblast differentiation and clarify any associated mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS The mRNA expressions of circLRP6, miR-145a-5p, zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 (Zeb2), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteopontin (Opn), and bone sialoprotein (Bsp) were evaluated by qRT-PCR. The protein levels of Zeb2 were measured by Western blot. Bioinformatic analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to test the potential binding targets of miR-145a-5p. The differentiation potentials of the cementoblasts were assessed by Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, ALP activity assay, Alizarin red S (ARS) staining, and quantification. RESULTS In this study, circLRP6 was significantly upregulated in cementoblast differentiation. Furthermore, circLRP6 knockdown inhibited ALP levels, reduced calcium nodule formation and the expression of Runx2, Opn, and Bsp. Mechanically, bioinformatic analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed miR-145a-5p was a potential binding target of circLRP6. miR-145a-5p can negatively regulate cementoblast differentiation. Subsequently, bioinformatic analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed Zeb2 was a potential miR-145a-5p target. miR-145a-5p overexpression resulted in a downregulation of Zeb2. Furthermore, Zeb2 inhibition partially reversed the effect of circLRP6 during cementoblast differentiation. CONCLUSION Taken together, circLRP6 appears to modulate cementoblast differentiation by antagonizing the function of miR-145a-5p, thereby increasing Zeb2. This study serves as a stepping stone for the potential development of an approach to promote cementum formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingyuan Du
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawen Pan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong He
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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20
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Kinoshita Y, Mohamed FF, Amadeu de Oliveira F, Narisawa S, Miyake K, Foster BL, Millán JL. Gene Therapy Using Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 8 Encoding TNAP-D 10 Improves the Skeletal and Dentoalveolar Phenotypes in Alpl -/- Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1835-1849. [PMID: 34076297 PMCID: PMC8446309 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the ALPL gene that encodes tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), whose deficiency results in the accumulation of extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi ), a potent mineralization inhibitor. Skeletal and dental hypomineralization characterizes HPP, with disease severity varying from life-threatening perinatal or infantile forms to milder forms that manifest in adulthood or only affect the dentition. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) using mineral-targeted recombinant TNAP (Strensiq/asfotase alfa) markedly improves the life span, skeletal phenotype, motor function, and quality of life of patients with HPP, though limitations of ERT include frequent injections due to a short elimination half-life of 2.28 days and injection site reactions. We tested the efficacy of a single intramuscular administration of adeno-associated virus 8 (AAV8) encoding TNAP-D10 to increase the life span and improve the skeletal and dentoalveolar phenotypes in TNAP knockout (Alpl-/- ) mice, a murine model for severe infantile HPP. Alpl-/- mice received 3 × 1011 vector genomes/body of AAV8-TNAP-D10 within 5 days postnatal (dpn). AAV8-TNAP-D10 elevated serum ALP activity and suppressed plasma PPi . Treatment extended life span of Alpl-/- mice, and no ectopic calcifications were observed in the kidneys, aorta, coronary arteries, or brain in the 70 dpn observational window. Treated Alpl-/- mice did not show signs of rickets, including bowing of long bones, enlargement of epiphyses, or fractures. Bone microstructure of treated Alpl-/- mice was similar to wild type, with a few persistent small cortical and trabecular defects. Histology showed no measurable osteoid accumulation but reduced bone volume fraction in treated Alpl-/- mice versus controls. Treated Alpl-/- mice featured normal molar and incisor dentoalveolar tissues, with the exceptions of slightly reduced molar enamel and alveolar bone density. Histology showed the presence of cementum and normal periodontal ligament attachment. These results support gene therapy as a promising alternative to ERT for the treatment of HPP. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kinoshita
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fatma F Mohamed
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Flavia Amadeu de Oliveira
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sonoko Narisawa
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Koichi Miyake
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Brian L Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - José Luis Millán
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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21
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Nikoloudaki G. Functions of Matricellular Proteins in Dental Tissues and Their Emerging Roles in Orofacial Tissue Development, Maintenance, and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126626. [PMID: 34205668 PMCID: PMC8235165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Matricellular proteins (MCPs) are defined as extracellular matrix (ECM) associated proteins that are important regulators and integrators of microenvironmental signals, contributing to the dynamic nature of ECM signalling. There is a growing understanding of the role of matricellular proteins in cellular processes governing tissue development as well as in disease pathogenesis. In this review, the expression and functions of different MP family members (periostin, CCNs, TSPs, SIBLINGs and others) are presented, specifically in relation to craniofacial development and the maintenance of orofacial tissues, including bone, gingiva, oral mucosa, palate and the dental pulp. As will be discussed, each MP family member has been shown to have non-redundant roles in development, tissue homeostasis, wound healing, pathology and tumorigenesis of orofacial and dental tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Nikoloudaki
- Schulich Dentistry Department, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; ; Tel.: +1-519-661-2111 (ext. 81102)
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
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22
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Lira Dos Santos EJ, Chavez MB, Tan MH, Mohamed FF, Kolli TN, Foster BL, Liu ES. Effects of Active Vitamin D or FGF23 Antibody on Hyp Mice Dentoalveolar Tissues. J Dent Res 2021; 100:1482-1491. [PMID: 33906518 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211011041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the PHEX gene lead to X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), a form of inherited rickets featuring elevated fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), reduced 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D), and hypophosphatemia. Hyp mutant mice replicate the XLH phenotype, including dentin, alveolar bone, and cementum defects. We aimed to compare effects of 1,25D versus FGF23-neutralizing antibody (FGF23Ab) monotherapies on Hyp mouse dentoalveolar mineralization. Male Hyp mice, either injected subcutaneously with daily 1,25D or thrice weekly with FGF23 blocking antibody from 2 to 35 d postnatal, were compared to wild-type (WT) controls and untreated Hyp mice. Mandibles were analyzed by high-resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), histology, and immunohistochemistry. Both interventions maintained normocalcemia, increased serum phosphate levels, and improved dentoalveolar mineralization in treated versus untreated Hyp mice. 1,25D increased crown dentin volume and thickness and root dentin/cementum volume, whereas FGF23Ab effects were limited to crown dentin volume. 1,25D increased bone volume fraction, bone mineral density, and tissue mineral density in Hyp mice, whereas FGF23Ab failed to significantly affect these alveolar bone parameters. Neither treatment fully attenuated dentin and bone defects to WT levels, and pulp volumes remained elevated regardless of treatment. Both treatments reduced predentin thickness and improved periodontal ligament organization, while 1,25D promoted a more profound improvement in acellular cementum thickness. Altered cell densities and lacunocanalicular properties of alveolar and mandibular bone osteocytes and cementocytes in Hyp mice were partially corrected by either treatment. Neither treatment normalized the altered distributions of bone sialoprotein and osteopontin in Hyp mouse alveolar bone. Moderate improvements from both 1,25D and FGF23Ab treatment regimens support further studies and collection of oral health data from subjects receiving a newly approved anti-FGF23 therapy. The inability of either treatment to fully correct Hyp mouse dentin and bone prompts further experiments into underlying pathological mechanisms to identify new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Lira Dos Santos
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Campinas State University, School of Dentistry, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M B Chavez
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M H Tan
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - F F Mohamed
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T N Kolli
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - B L Foster
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - E S Liu
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Rahman M, Peng XL, Zhao XH, Gong HL, Sun XD, Wu Q, Wei DX. 3D bioactive cell-free-scaffolds for in-vitro/in-vivo capture and directed osteoinduction of stem cells for bone tissue regeneration. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4083-4095. [PMID: 33997495 PMCID: PMC8091180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrophilic bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is easily degraded and difficult to load onto hydrophobic carrier materials, which limits the application of polyester materials in bone tissue engineering. Based on soybean-lecithin as an adjuvant biosurfactant, we designed a novel cell-free-scaffold of polymer of poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-co-polyetherimide with abundant entrapped and continuously released BMP2 for in vivo stem cell-capture and in situ osteogenic induction, avoiding the use of exogenous cells. The optimized bioactive osteo-polyester scaffold (BOPSC), i.e. SBMP-10SC, had a high BMP2 entrapment efficiency of 95.35%. Due to its higher porosity of 83.42%, higher water uptake ratio of 850%, and sustained BMP2 release with polymer degradation, BOPSCs were demonstrated to support excellent in vitro capture, proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of mouse adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (mADSCs), and performed much better than traditional BMP-10SCs with unmodified BMP2 and single polyester scaffolds (10SCs). Furthermore, in vivo capture and migration of stem cells and differentiation into osteoblasts was observed in mice implanted with BOPSCs without exogenous cells, which enabled allogeneic bone formation with a high bone mineral density and ratios of new bone volume to existing tissue volume after 6 months. The BOPSC is an advanced 3D cell-free platform with sustained BMP2 supply for in situ stem cell capture and osteoinduction in bone tissue engineering with potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamatali Rahman
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and System Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xue-Liang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Hai-Lun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and System Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dai-Xu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
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24
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Xie X, Xu C, Zhao H, Wang J, Feng JQ. A Biphasic Feature of Gli1 +-Mesenchymal Progenitors during Cementogenesis That Is Positively Controlled by Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. J Dent Res 2021; 100:1289-1298. [PMID: 33853427 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211007429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cementum, a specialized bony layer covering an entire molar root surface, anchors teeth into alveolar bone. Gli1, a key transcriptional activator in Hedgehog signaling, has been identified as a mesenchymal progenitor cell marker in various tissues, including the periodontal ligament (PDL). To address the mechanisms by which Gli1+ progenitor cells contribute to cementogenesis, we used the Gli1lacZ/+ knock-in line to mark Gli1+ progenitors and the Gli1CreERT2/+; R26RtdTomato/+ line (named Gli1Lin) to trace Gli1 progeny cells during cementogenesis. Our data unexpectedly displayed a biphasic feature of Gli1+ PDL progenitor cells and cementum growth: a negative relationship between Gli1+ progenitor cell number and cementogenesis but a positive correlation between Gli1-derived acellular and cellular cementoblast cell number and cementum growth. DTA-ablation of Gli1Lin cells led to a cementum hypoplasia, including a significant reduction of both acellular and cellular cementoblast cells. Gain-of-function studies (by constitutive stabilization of β-catenin in Gli1Lin cells) revealed a cementum hyperplasia. A loss of function (by conditional deletion of β-catenin in Gli1+ cells) resulted in a reduction of postnatal cementum growth. Together, our studies support a vital role of Gli1+ progenitor cells in contribution to both types of cementum, in which canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling positively regulates the differentiation of Gli1+ progenitors to cementoblasts during cementogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - J Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Q Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
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25
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Nagasaki A, Nagasaki K, Kear BD, Tadesse WD, Thumbigere-Math V, Millán JL, Foster BL, Somerman MJ. Delivery of Alkaline Phosphatase Promotes Periodontal Regeneration in Mice. J Dent Res 2021; 100:993-1001. [PMID: 33840251 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211005677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors regulating the ratio of pyrophosphate (PPi) to phosphate (Pi) modulate biomineralization. Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is a key promineralization enzyme that hydrolyzes the potent mineralization inhibitor PPi. The goal of this study was to determine whether TNAP could promote periodontal regeneration in bone sialoprotein knockout mice (Ibsp-/- mice), which are known to have a periodontal disease phenotype. Delivery of TNAP was accomplished either systemically (through a lentiviral construct expressing a mineral-targeted TNAP-D10 protein) or locally (through addition of recombinant human TNAP to a fenestration defect model). Systemic TNAP-D10 delivered by intramuscular injection at 5 d postnatal (dpn) increased circulating alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in Ibsp-/- mice by 5-fold at 30 dpn, with levels returning to normal by 60 dpn when tissues were evaluated by micro-computed tomography and histology. Local delivery of recombinant human TNAP to fenestration defects in 5-wk-old wild type (WT) and Ibsp-/- mice did not alter long-term circulating ALP levels, and tissues were evaluated by micro-computed tomography and histology at postoperative day 45. Systemic and local delivery of TNAP significantly increased alveolar bone volume (20% and 37%, respectively) and cementum thickness (3- and 42-fold) in Ibsp-/- mice, with evidence for periodontal ligament attachment and bone/cementum marker localization. Local delivery significantly increased regenerated cementum and bone in WT mice. Addition of 100-μg/mL bovine intestinal ALP to culture media to increase ALP in vitro increased media Pi concentration, mineralization, and Spp1 and Dmp1 marker gene expression in WT and Ibsp-/- OCCM.30 cementoblasts. Use of phosphonoformic acid, a nonspecific inhibitor of sodium Pi cotransport, indicated that effects of bovine intestinal ALP on mineralization and marker gene expression were in part through Pi transport. These findings show for the first time through multiple in vivo and in vitro approaches that pharmacologic modulation of Pi/PPi metabolism can overcome periodontal breakdown and accomplish regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nagasaki
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K Nagasaki
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B D Kear
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - W D Tadesse
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - V Thumbigere-Math
- Division of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J L Millán
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - B L Foster
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M J Somerman
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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26
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Chu EY, Deeb JG, Foster BL, Hajishengallis E, Somerman MJ, Thumbigere-Math V. Multiple Idiopathic Cervical Root Resorption: A Challenge for a Transdisciplinary Medical-Dental Team. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021; 2:652605. [PMID: 34368800 PMCID: PMC8340576 DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.652605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this perspective article is to use multiple idiopathic cervical root resorption (MICRR) as a model to demonstrate the need for transdisciplinary collaborations, from basic science to treatment planning, to improve the quality of health care for all. This is not a review of the literature on the current state of MICRR. Tooth root resorption is a normal physiological process required for resorption and exfoliation of primary teeth; however, root resorption of adult teeth is largely pathological. MICRR is an aggressive form of external root resorption, which occurs near the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). The cause of MICRR remains elusive, however, it is mediated primarily by osteoclasts/odontoclasts. Accumulating case studies and experiments in animal models have provided insights into defining the etiologies and pathophysiological mechanisms for MICRR, which include: systemic conditions and syndromes, inherited genetic variants affecting osteoclast/odontoclast activity, altered periodontal structures, drug-induced root resorption and rebound effects after cessation of anti-resorptive treatment, chemotherapy, exposure to pets or viral infections, and other factors such as inflammatory conditions or trauma. To determine the causative factors for MICRR, as well as other oral-dental conditions, at minimum, a comprehensive health history should be collected for all patients by dental care providers, discussed with other health care providers and appropriate collaborations established. The examples highlighted in this perspective emphasize the need for transdisciplinary research collaborations coupled with integrated management strategies between medicine and dentistry in order to identify cause(s) early and improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Y. Chu
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Janina Golob Deeb
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Brian L. Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Evlambia Hajishengallis
- Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Martha J. Somerman
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vivek Thumbigere-Math
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Division of Periodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
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27
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Nottmeier C, Decker MG, Luther J, von Kroge S, Kahl-Nieke B, Amling M, Schinke T, Petersen J, Koehne T. Accelerated tooth movement in Rsk2-deficient mice with impaired cementum formation. Int J Oral Sci 2020; 12:35. [PMID: 33353934 PMCID: PMC7755898 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-020-00102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffin–Lowry–Syndrome (CLS) is a X-linked mental retardation characterized by skeletal dysplasia and premature tooth loss. We and others have previously demonstrated that the ribosomal S6 kinase RSK2, mutated in CLS, is essential for bone and cementum formation; however, it remains to be established whether RSK2 plays also a role in mechanically induced bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). We, therefore, performed OTM in wild-type (WT) mice and Rsk2-deficient mice using Nitinol tension springs that were fixed between the upper left molars and the incisors. The untreated contralateral molars served as internal controls. After 12 days of OTM, the jaws were removed and examined by micro-computed tomography (µCT), decalcified histology, and immunohistochemistry. Our analysis of the untreated teeth confirmed that the periodontal phenotype of Rsk2-deficient mice is characterized by alveolar bone loss and hypoplasia of root cementum. Quantification of OTM using µCT revealed that OTM was more than two-fold faster in Rsk2-deficient mice as compared to WT. We also observed that OTM caused alveolar bone loss and root resorptions in WT and Rsk2-deficient mice. However, quantification of these orthodontic side effects revealed no differences between WT and Rsk2-deficient mice. Taken together, Rsk2 loss-of-function accelerates OTM in mice without causing more side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cita Nottmeier
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian G Decker
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Luther
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon von Kroge
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bärbel Kahl-Nieke
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian Petersen
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Koehne
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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28
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Su X, Yang H, Shi R, Zhang C, Liu H, Fan Z, Zhang J. Depletion of SNRNP200 inhibits the osteo-/dentinogenic differentiation and cell proliferation potential of stem cells from the apical papilla. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 20:22. [PMID: 33203369 PMCID: PMC7672972 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-020-00228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue regeneration mediated by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is deemed a desirable way to repair teeth and craniomaxillofacial tissue defects. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms about cell proliferation and committed differentiation of MSCs remain obscure. Previous researches have proved that lysine demethylase 2A (KDM2A) performed significant function in the regulation of MSC proliferation and differentiation. SNRNP200, as a co-binding factor of KDM2A, its potential effect in regulating MSCs' function is still unclear. Therefore, stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) were used to investigate the function of SNRNP200 in this research. METHODS The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, Alizarin Red staining, and osteogenesis-related gene expressions were used to examine osteo-/dentinogenic differentiation potential. Carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester (CFSE) and cell cycle analysis were applied to detect the cell proliferation. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the expressions of cell cycle-related proteins. RESULTS Depletion of SNRNP200 caused an obvious decrease of ALP activity, mineralization formation and the expressions of osteo-/dentinogenic genes including RUNX2, DSPP, DMP1 and BSP. Meanwhile, CFSE and cell cycle assays revealed that knock-down of SNRNP200 inhibited the cell proliferation and blocked cell cycle at the G2/M and S phase in SCAPs. In addition, it was found that depletion of SNRNP200 up-regulated p21 and p53, and down-regulated the CDK1, CyclinB, CyclinE and CDK2. CONCLUSIONS Depletion of SNRNP200 repressed osteo-/dentinogenic differentiation potentials and restrained cell proliferation through blocking cell cycle progression at the G2/M and S phase, further revealing that SNRNP200 has crucial effects on preserving the proliferation and differentiation potentials of dental tissue-derived MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Su
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Haoqing Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ruitang Shi
- Department of Endodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Huina Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jianpeng Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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29
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Antimicrobial Prosthetic Surfaces in the Oral Cavity-A Perspective on Creative Approaches. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081247. [PMID: 32824437 PMCID: PMC7463865 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Replacement of missing teeth is an essential component of comprehensive dental care for patients suffering of edentulism. A popular option is implant-supported restorations. However, implant surfaces can become colonized with polymicrobial biofilms containing Candida species that may compromise peri-implant health. To prevent this, implant components may be treated with a variety of coatings to create surfaces that either repel the attachment of viable microorganisms or kill microorganisms on contact. These coatings may consist of nanoparticles of pure elements (more commonly silver, copper, and zinc), sanitizing agents and disinfectants (quaternary ammonium ions and chlorhexidine), antibiotics (cefalotin, vancomycin, and gentamicin), or antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). AMPs in bioactive coatings have a number of advantages. They elicit a protective action against pathogens, inhibit the formation of biofilms, are less toxic to host tissues, and do not prompt inflammatory responses. Furthermore, many of these coatings may involve unique delivery systems to direct their antimicrobial capacity against pathogens, but not commensals. Coatings may also contain multiple antimicrobial substances to widen antimicrobial activity across multiple microbial species. Here, we compiled relevant information about a variety of creative approaches used to generate antimicrobial prosthetic surfaces in the oral cavity with the purpose of facilitating implant integration and peri-implant tissue health.
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30
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Chu EY, Vo TD, Chavez MB, Nagasaki A, Mertz EL, Nociti FH, Aitken SF, Kavanagh D, Zimmerman K, Li X, Stabach PR, Braddock DT, Millán JL, Foster BL, Somerman MJ. Genetic and pharmacologic modulation of cementogenesis via pyrophosphate regulators. Bone 2020; 136:115329. [PMID: 32224162 PMCID: PMC7482720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pyrophosphate (PPi) serves as a potent and physiologically important regulator of mineralization, with systemic and local concentrations determined by several key regulators, including: tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (ALPL gene; TNAP protein), the progressive ankylosis protein (ANKH; ANK), and ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1; ENPP1). Results to date have indicated important roles for PPi in cementum formation, and we addressed several gaps in knowledge by employing genetically edited mouse models where PPi metabolism was disrupted and pharmacologically modulating PPi in a PPi-deficient mouse model. We demonstrate that acellular cementum growth is inversely proportional to PPi levels, with reduced cementum in Alpl KO (increased PPi levels) mice and excess cementum in Ank KO mice (decreased PPi levels). Moreover, simultaneous ablation of Alpl and Ank results in reestablishment of functional cementum in dKO mice. Additional reduction of PPi by dual deletion of Ank and Enpp1 does not further increase cementogenesis, and PDL space is maintained in part through bone modeling/remodeling by osteoclasts. Our results provide insights into cementum formation and expand our knowledge of how PPi regulates cementum. We also demonstrate for the first time that pharmacologic manipulation of PPi through an ENPP1-Fc fusion protein can regulate cementum growth, supporting therapeutic interventions targeting PPi metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Chu
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - T D Vo
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M B Chavez
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - A Nagasaki
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - E L Mertz
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - F H Nociti
- Department of Prosthodontics & Periodontics, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S F Aitken
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D Kavanagh
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - K Zimmerman
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - X Li
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - P R Stabach
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - D T Braddock
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J L Millán
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - B L Foster
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M J Somerman
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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31
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Liu Q, Wen Y, Qiu J, Zhang Z, Jin Z, Cao M, Jiao Y, Yang H. Local SDF-1α application enhances the therapeutic efficacy of BMSCs transplantation in osteoporotic bone healing. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04347. [PMID: 32637715 PMCID: PMC7330617 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defect healing is markedly impaired in osteoporotic patient due to poor bone regeneration ability. Stromal cell derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) plays a pivotal role in the repair of various injured tissues including bone. Here, we definite that SDF-1α hydrogels potentiates in vivo osteogenesis of bone marrow-derived stromal stem cells (BMSCs) in osteoporosis. The characteristics of rat primary BMSCs including superficial markers by flow cytometry and multi-lineage differentiation by induction were determined. At different time intervals, the release media from the SDF-1α-releasing hydrogels were collected to identificate SDF-1α exhibited a sustained release profile and maintained its bioactivity after release from the hydrogels to stimulate chemotaxis of BMSCs in a time dependent manner. Bilateral alveolar defects were operated in ovariectomized (OVX) rats and repaired with systemic BMSCs transplantation with or without the hydrogels. Local administration of SDF-1α significantly enhanced BMSCs recruitment and promoted more bone regeneration as well as the expression of OCN and Runx2 compared with the effect of BMSCs transplantation alone. Moreover, after BMSCs transplantation with SDF-1α delivery, macrophage polarization was promoted toward the M2 phenotype, that is identified as an important symbol in tissue regeneration process. Taken together, local SDF-1α application enhances the efficacy of BMSCs transplantation therapy in osteoporotic bone healing, suggesting clinical potential of SDF-1α to serve as a therapeutic drug target for osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhaoyichun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zuolin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Stomatology, The 7th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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32
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Xu H, Lenhart SA, Chu EY, Chavez MB, Wimer HF, Dimori M, Somerman MJ, Morello R, Foster BL, Hatch NE. Dental and craniofacial defects in the Crtap -/- mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta type VII. Dev Dyn 2020; 249:884-897. [PMID: 32133710 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inactivating mutations in the gene for cartilage-associated protein (CRTAP) cause osteogenesis imperfecta type VII in humans, with a phenotype that can include craniofacial defects. Dental and craniofacial manifestations have not been a focus of case reports to date. We analyzed the craniofacial and dental phenotype of Crtap-/- mice by skull measurements, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), histology, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Crtap-/- mice exhibited a brachycephalic skull shape with fusion of the nasofrontal suture and facial bones, resulting in mid-face retrusion and a class III dental malocclusion. Loss of CRTAP also resulted in decreased dentin volume and decreased cellular cementum volume, though acellular cementum thickness was increased. Periodontal dysfunction was revealed by decreased alveolar bone volume and mineral density, increased periodontal ligament (PDL) space, ectopic calcification within the PDL, bone-tooth ankylosis, altered immunostaining of extracellular matrix proteins in bone and PDL, increased pSMAD5, and more numerous osteoclasts on alveolar bone surfaces. CONCLUSIONS Crtap-/- mice serve as a useful model of the dental and craniofacial abnormalities seen in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta type VII.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Xu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University and School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sydney A Lenhart
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Emily Y Chu
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael B Chavez
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Helen F Wimer
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Milena Dimori
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Martha J Somerman
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Roy Morello
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Division of Genetics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Brian L Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Nan E Hatch
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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33
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Vijaykumar A, Dyrkacz P, Vidovic-Zdrilic I, Maye P, Mina M. Expression of BSP-GFPtpz Transgene during Osteogenesis and Reparative Dentinogenesis. J Dent Res 2020; 99:89-97. [PMID: 31682548 PMCID: PMC6927219 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519885089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is a member of the SIBLING family with essential roles in skeletogenesis. In the developing teeth, although the expression and function of BSP in the formation of acellular cementum and periodontal attachment are well documented, there are uncertainties regarding the expression and function of BSP by odontoblasts and dentin. Reporter mice are valuable animal models for biological research, providing a gene expression readout that can contribute to cellular characterization within the context of a developmental process. In the present study, we examined the expression of a BSP-GFPtpz reporter mouse line during odontoblast differentiation, reparative dentinogenesis, and bone. In the developing teeth, BSP-GFPtpz was expressed at high levels in cementoblasts but not in odontoblasts or dentin. In bones, the transgene was highly expressed in osteoblasts at an early stage of differentiation. Interestingly, despite its lack of expression in odontoblasts and dental pulp during tooth development, the BSP-GFPtpz transgene was detected during in vitro mineralization of primary pulp cultures and during reparative dentinogenesis following pulp exposures. Importantly, under these experimental contexts, the expression of BSP-GFPtpz was still exclusive to DSPP-Cerulean, an odontoblast-specific reporter gene. This suggests that the combinatorial use of BSP-GFPtpz and DSPP-Cerulean can be a valuable experimental tool to distinguish osteogenic from dentinogenic cells, thereby providing an avenue to investigate mechanisms that distinctly regulate the lineage progression of progenitors into odontoblasts versus osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Vijaykumar
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - P. Dyrkacz
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - I. Vidovic-Zdrilic
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - P. Maye
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - M. Mina
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
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34
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Almeida ABD, Santos EJLD, Abuna GF, Ribeiro CS, Casati MZ, Ruiz KGS, Nociti Junior FH. Isolation and characterization of a human cementocyte-like cell line, HCY-23. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e058. [PMID: 31432925 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cementum is the mineralized tissue covering the tooth root that functions in tooth attachment and post-eruptive adjustment of tooth position. It has been reported to be highly similar to bone in several respects but remains poorly understood in terms of development and regeneration. Here, we investigate whether cementocytes, the residing cells in cellular cementum, have the potential to be protagonist in cementum homeostasis, responding to endocrine signals and directing local cementum metabolism. Cells from healthy erupted human teeth were isolated using sequential collagenase/EDTA digestions, and maintained in standard cell culture conditions. A cementocyte-like cell line was cloned (HCY-23, for human cementocyte clone 23), which presented a cementocyte compatible gene expression signature, including the expression of dentin matrix protein 1 ( DMP1 ), sclerostin ( SOST ), and E11/gp38/podoplanin ( E11 ). In contrast, these cells did not express the odontoblast/dentin marker dentin sialoprotein ( DSPP ). HCY-23 cells produced mineral-like nodules in vitro under differentiation conditions, and were highly responsive to inorganic phosphate (Pi). Within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that cementocytes are phosphate-responsive cells, and have the potential do play a key role in periodontal homeostasis and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bandeira de Almeida
- Universidade Estadual e Campinas - Unicamp, Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontics Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Elis Janaína Lira Dos Santos
- Universidade Estadual e Campinas - Unicamp, Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontics Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Flores Abuna
- Universidade Estadual e Campinas - Unicamp, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Salmon Ribeiro
- Universidade Estadual e Campinas - Unicamp, Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontics Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcio Zaffalon Casati
- Universidade Estadual e Campinas - Unicamp, Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontics Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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35
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Jang E, Lee JY, Lee EY, Seok H. Evaluation of the Bone Regeneration Effect of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenic Protein-2 on Subperiosteal Bone Graft in the Rat Calvarial Model. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12101613. [PMID: 31100907 PMCID: PMC6566192 DOI: 10.3390/ma12101613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone regeneration effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) on a subperiosteal bone graft in a rat model. A subperiosteal space was made on the rat calvarium, and anorganic bovine bone (ABB), ABB/low bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) (5 µg), and ABB/high BMP (50 µg) were grafted as subperiosteal bone grafts. The new bone formation parameters of bone volume (BV), bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular thickness (TbTh), and trabecular spacing (TbSp) were evaluated by microcomputed tomography (µ-CT), and a histomorphometric analysis was performed to evaluate the new bone formation area. The expression of osteogenic markers, such as bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteocalcin, were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The ABB/high BMP group showed significantly higher BV than the ABB/low BMP (p = 0.004) and control groups (p = 0.000) and higher TbTh than the control group (p = 0.000). The ABB/low BMP group showed significantly higher BV, BMD, and TbTh than the control group (p = 0.002, 0.042, and 0.000, respectively). The histomorphometry showed significantly higher bone formation in the ABB/low and high BMP groups than in the control group (p = 0.000). IHC showed a high expression of BSP and osteocalcin in the ABB/low and high BMP groups. Subperiosteal bone grafts with ABB and rhBMP-2 have not been studied. In our study, we confirmed that rhBMP-2 contributes to new bone formation in a subperiosteal bone graft with ABB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhye Jang
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea.
| | - Ja-Youn Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
| | - Hyun Seok
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
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36
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Zhang X, Shi C, Zhao H, Zhou Y, Hu Y, Yan G, Liu C, Li D, Hao X, Mishina Y, Liu Q, Sun H. Distinctive role of ACVR1 in dentin formation: requirement for dentin thickness in molars and prevention of osteodentin formation in incisors of mice. J Mol Histol 2018; 50:43-61. [PMID: 30519900 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-018-9806-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dentin is a major component of teeth that protects dental pulp and maintains tooth health. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is required for the formation of dentin. Mice lacking a BMP type I receptor, activin A receptor type 1 (ACVR1), in the neural crest display a deformed mandible. Acvr1 is known to be expressed in the dental mesenchyme. However, little is known about how BMP signaling mediated by ACVR1 regulates dentinogenesis. To explore the role of ACVR1 in dentin formation in molars and incisors in mice, Acvr1 was conditionally disrupted in Osterix-expressing cells (designated as cKO). We found that loss of Acvr1 in the dental mesenchyme led to dentin dysplasia in molars and osteodentin formation in incisors. Specifically, the cKO mice exhibited remarkable tooth phenotypes characterized by thinner dentin and thicker predentin, as well as compromised differentiation of odontoblasts in molars. We also found osteodentin formation in the coronal part of the cKO mandibular incisors, which was associated with a reduction in the expression of odontogenic gene Dsp and an increase in the expression of osteogenic gene Bsp, leading to an alteration of cell fate from odontoblasts to osteoblasts. In addition, the expressions of WNT antagonists, Dkk1 and Sost, were downregulated and B-catenin was up-regulated in the cKO incisors, while the expression levels were not changed in the cKO molars, compared with the corresponding controls. Our results indicate the distinct and critical roles of ACVR1 between incisors and molars, which is associated with alterations in the WNT signaling related molecules. This study demonstrates for the first time the physiological roles of ACVR1 during dentinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ce Shi
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Guangxing Yan
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Cangwei Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Daowei Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xinqing Hao
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
| | - Qilin Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, 130021, China. .,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Hongchen Sun
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China. .,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, 130021, China.
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37
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Tang J, Saito T. Laminin-1 acts as an adhesive for odontoblast-like cells and promotes their differentiation toward a hard tissue-forming phenotype. J Oral Sci 2018; 60:253-261. [PMID: 29657251 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.17-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effect of laminin-1 (LN-1 or LN-111) on an odontoblast-like cell line, MDPC-23. Wells of non-treated polystyrene plates were coated with various concentrations of LN-1 (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 µg/mL) and left to dry for 2 days. Water-coated surfaces were used as controls. MDPC-23 cell proliferation, differentiation and mineralization were evaluated in terms of the CCK-8 assay, ALP activity, real-time RT-PCR and Alizarin red staining. The data indicated that LN-1 promoted the proliferation of MDPC-23 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, it enhanced ALP activity and expression of key odontogenic genes (DMP-1 and DSPP) upon addition of mineralization reagents, leading to significant promotion of calcification by the cells. These results demonstrate that LN-1 acts as an adhesive for odontoblast-like cells, allowing up-regulation of odontogenic genes and accelerating matrix mineralization. In the context of the present study, the optimal LN-1 coating concentration for MDPC-23 cells was suggested to be 100 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tang
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Takashi Saito
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
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38
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Foster BL, Ao M, Salmon CR, Chavez MB, Kolli TN, Tran AB, Chu EY, Kantovitz KR, Yadav M, Narisawa S, Millán JL, Nociti FH, Somerman MJ. Osteopontin regulates dentin and alveolar bone development and mineralization. Bone 2018; 107:196-207. [PMID: 29313816 PMCID: PMC5803363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The periodontal complex is essential for tooth attachment and function and includes the mineralized tissues, cementum and alveolar bone, separated by the unmineralized periodontal ligament (PDL). To gain insights into factors regulating cementum-PDL and bone-PDL borders and protecting against ectopic calcification within the PDL, we employed a proteomic approach to analyze PDL tissue from progressive ankylosis knock-out (Ank-/-) mice, featuring reduced PPi, rapid cementogenesis, and excessive acellular cementum. Using this approach, we identified the matrix protein osteopontin (Spp1/OPN) as an elevated factor of interest in Ank-/- mouse molar PDL. We studied the role of OPN in dental and periodontal development and function. During tooth development in wild-type (WT) mice, Spp1 mRNA was transiently expressed by cementoblasts and strongly by alveolar bone osteoblasts. Developmental analysis from 14 to 240days postnatal (dpn) indicated normal histological structures in Spp1-/- comparable to WT control mice. Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) analysis at 30 and 90dpn revealed significantly increased volumes and tissue mineral densities of Spp1-/- mouse dentin and alveolar bone, while pulp and PDL volumes were decreased and tissue densities were increased. However, acellular cementum growth was unaltered in Spp1-/- mice. Quantitative PCR of periodontal-derived mRNA failed to identify potential local compensators influencing cementum in Spp1-/- vs. WT mice at 26dpn. We genetically deleted Spp1 on the Ank-/- mouse background to determine whether increased Spp1/OPN was regulating periodontal tissues when the PDL space is challenged by hypercementosis in Ank-/- mice. Ank-/-; Spp1-/- double deficient mice did not exhibit greater hypercementosis than that in Ank-/- mice. Based on these data, we conclude that OPN has a non-redundant role regulating formation and mineralization of dentin and bone, influences tissue properties of PDL and pulp, but does not control acellular cementum apposition. These findings may inform therapies targeted at controlling soft tissue calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - M Ao
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C R Salmon
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M B Chavez
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T N Kolli
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - A B Tran
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - E Y Chu
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K R Kantovitz
- Department of Dental Materials, São Leopoldo Mandic Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Yadav
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - S Narisawa
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J L Millán
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - F H Nociti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M J Somerman
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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39
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Ao M, Chavez MB, Chu EY, Hemstreet KC, Yin Y, Yadav MC, Millán JL, Fisher LW, Goldberg HA, Somerman MJ, Foster BL. Overlapping functions of bone sialoprotein and pyrophosphate regulators in directing cementogenesis. Bone 2017; 105:134-147. [PMID: 28866368 PMCID: PMC5730356 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although acellular cementum is essential for tooth attachment, factors directing its development and regeneration remain poorly understood. Inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a mineralization inhibitor, is a key regulator of cementum formation: tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (Alpl/TNAP) null mice (increased PPi) feature deficient cementum, while progressive ankylosis protein (Ank/ANK) null mice (decreased PPi) feature increased cementum. Bone sialoprotein (Bsp/BSP) and osteopontin (Spp1/OPN) are multifunctional extracellular matrix components of cementum proposed to have direct and indirect effects on cell activities and mineralization. Studies on dentoalveolar development of Bsp knockout (Bsp-/-) mice revealed severely reduced acellular cementum, however underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The similarity in defective cementum phenotypes between Bsp-/- mice and Alpl-/- mice (the latter featuring elevated PPi and OPN), prompted us to examine whether BSP is operating by modulating PPi-associated genes. Genetic ablation of Bsp caused a 2-fold increase in circulating PPi, altered mRNA expression of Alpl, Spp1, and Ank, and increased OPN protein in the periodontia. Generation of a Bsp knock-out (KO) cementoblast cell line revealed significantly decreased mineralization capacity, 50% increased PPi in culture media, and increased Spp1 and Ank mRNA expression. While addition of 2μg/ml recombinant BSP altered Spp1, Ank, and Enpp1 expression in cementoblasts, changes resulting from this dose were not dependent on the integrin-binding RGD motif or MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Decreasing PPi by genetic ablation of Ank on the Bsp-/- mouse background reestablished cementum formation, allowing >3-fold increased acellular cementum volume compared to wild-type (WT). However, deleting Ank did not fully compensate for the absence of BSP. Bsp-/-; Ank-/- double-deficient mice exhibited mean 20-27% reduced cementum thickness and volume compared to Ank-/- mice. From these data, we conclude that the perturbations in PPi metabolism are not solely driving the cementum pathology in Bsp-/- mice, and that PPi is more potent than BSP as a cementum regulator, as shown by the ability to override loss of BSP by lowering PPi. We propose that BSP and PPi work in concert to direct mineralization in cementum and likely other mineralized tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ao
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M B Chavez
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - E Y Chu
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K C Hemstreet
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Y Yin
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M C Yadav
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J L Millán
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - L W Fisher
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - H A Goldberg
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - M J Somerman
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B L Foster
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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40
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Dobsak T, Heimel P, Tangl S, Schwarze UY, Schett G, Gruber R. Impaired periodontium and temporomandibular joints in tumour necrosis factor-α transgenic mice. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:1226-1235. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toni Dobsak
- Core Facility Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research; Karl Donath Laboratory; School of Dentistry; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Vienna Austria
| | - Patrick Heimel
- Core Facility Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research; Karl Donath Laboratory; School of Dentistry; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Vienna Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology; Vienna Austria
| | - Stefan Tangl
- Core Facility Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research; Karl Donath Laboratory; School of Dentistry; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Vienna Austria
| | - Uwe Y. Schwarze
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Vienna Austria
- Department of Oral Biology; School of Dentistry; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3; Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen- Nuremberg; Erlangen Germany
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Vienna Austria
- Department of Oral Biology; School of Dentistry; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
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41
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Salmon CR, Giorgetti APO, Paes Leme AF, Domingues RR, Kolli TN, Foster BL, Nociti FH. Microproteome of dentoalveolar tissues. Bone 2017; 101:219-229. [PMID: 28527949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Proteomic analysis of extracellular matrices (ECM) of dentoalveolar tissues can provide insights into developmental, pathological, and reparative processes. However, targeted dissection of mineralized tissues, dental cementum (DC), alveolar bone (AB), and dentin (DE), presents technical difficulties. We demonstrate an approach combining EDTA decalcification and laser capture microdissection (LCM), followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), to analyze proteome profiles of these tissues. Using the LCM-LC-MS/MS approach, a total of 243 proteins was identified from all tissues, 193 proteins in DC, 147 in AB, and 135 proteins DE. Ninety proteins (37% of total) were common to all tissues, whereas 52 proteins (21%) were overlapping in only two. Also, 101 (42%) proteins were exclusively detected in DC (60), AB (15), or DE (26). Identification in all tissues of expected ECM proteins including collagen alpha-1(I) chain (COL1A1), collagen alpha-1(XII) chain (COL12A1), biglycan (BGN), asporin (ASPN), lumican (LUM), and fibromodulin (FMOD), served to validate the approach. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering identified a high degree of similarity in DC and AB proteomes, whereas DE presented a distinct dataset. Exclusively and differentially identified proteins were detected from all three tissues. The protein-protein interaction network (interactome) of DC was notable for its inclusion of several indicators of metabolic function (e.g. mitochondrial proteins, protein synthesis, and calcium transport), possibly reflecting cementocyte activity. The DE proteome included known and novel mineralization regulators, including matrix metalloproteinase 20 (MMP-20), 5' nucleotidase (NT5E), and secreted phosphoprotein 24 (SPP-24 or SPP-2). Application of the LCM-LC-MS/MS approach to dentoalveolar tissues would be of value in many experimental designs, including developmental studies of transgenic animals, investigation of treatment effects, and identification of novel regenerative factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane R Salmon
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula O Giorgetti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana F Paes Leme
- National Biosciences Laboratory, Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Romênia R Domingues
- National Biosciences Laboratory, Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Tamara N Kolli
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Brian L Foster
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Francisco H Nociti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Salmon CR, Giorgetti APO, Paes Leme AF, Domingues RR, Sallum EA, Alves MC, Kolli TN, Foster BL, Nociti FH. Global proteome profiling of dental cementum under experimentally-induced apposition. J Proteomics 2016; 141:12-23. [PMID: 27095596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Dental cementum (DC) covers the tooth root and has important functions in tooth attachment and position. DC can be lost to disease, and regeneration is currently unpredictable due to limited understanding of DC formation. This study used a model of experimentally-induced apposition (EIA) in mice to identify proteins associated with new DC formation. Mandibular first molars were induced to super-erupt for 6 and 21days after extracting opposing maxillary molars. Decalcified and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded mandible sections were prepared for laser capture microdissection. Microdissected protein extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and the data submitted to repeated measure ANOVA test (RM-ANOVA, alpha=5%). A total of 519 proteins were identified, with 97 (18.6%) proteins found exclusively in EIA sites and 50 (9.6%) proteins exclusively expressed in control sites. Fifty six (10.7%) proteins were differentially regulated by RM-ANOVA (p<0.05), with 24 regulated by the exclusive effect of EIA (12 proteins) or the interaction between EIA and time (12 proteins), including serpin 1a, procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer, tenascin X (TNX), and asporin (ASPN). In conclusion, proteomic analysis demonstrated significantly altered protein profile in DC under EIA, providing new insights on DC biology and potential candidates for tissue engineering applications. SIGNIFICANCE Dental cementum (DC) is a mineralized tissue that covers the tooth root surface and has important functions in tooth attachment and position. DC and other periodontal tissues can be lost to disease, and regeneration is currently unpredictable due to lack of understanding of DC formation. This study used a model of experimentally-induced apposition (EIA) in mice to promote new cementum formation, followed by laser capture microdissection (LCM) and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) proteomic analysis. This approach identified proteins associated with new cementum formation that may be targets for promoting cementum regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane R Salmon
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula O Giorgetti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Romênia R Domingues
- National Biosciences Laboratory, Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Enilson Antonio Sallum
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C Alves
- Technical Section of Informatics, ESALQ-University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Tamara N Kolli
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Brian L Foster
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Francisco H Nociti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Zweifler LE, Ao M, Yadav M, Kuss P, Narisawa S, Kolli TN, Wimer HF, Farquharson C, Somerman MJ, Millán JL, Foster BL. Role of PHOSPHO1 in Periodontal Development and Function. J Dent Res 2016; 95:742-51. [PMID: 27016531 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516640246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tooth root and periodontal apparatus, including the acellular and cellular cementum, periodontal ligament (PDL), and alveolar bone, are critical for tooth function. Cementum and bone mineralization is regulated by factors including enzymes and extracellular matrix proteins that promote or inhibit hydroxyapatite crystal growth. Orphan Phosphatase 1 (Phospho1, PHOSPHO1) is a phosphatase expressed by chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and odontoblasts that functions in skeletal and dentin mineralization by initiating deposition of hydroxyapatite inside membrane-limited matrix vesicles. The role of PHOSPHO1 in periodontal formation remains unknown and we aimed to determine its functional importance in these tissues. We hypothesized that the enzyme would regulate proper mineralization of the periodontal apparatus. Spatiotemporal expression of PHOSPHO1 was mapped during periodontal development, and Phospho1(-/-) mice were analyzed using histology, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, radiography, and micro-computed tomography. The Phospho1 gene and PHOSPHO1 protein were expressed by active alveolar bone osteoblasts and cementoblasts during cellular cementum formation. In Phospho1(-/-) mice, acellular cementum formation and mineralization were unaffected, whereas cellular cementum deposition increased although it displayed delayed mineralization and cementoid. Phospho1(-/-) mice featured disturbances in alveolar bone mineralization, shown by accumulation of unmineralized osteoid matrix and interglobular patterns of protein deposition. Parallel to other skeletal sites, deposition of mineral-regulating protein osteopontin (OPN) was increased in alveolar bone in Phospho1(-/-) mice. In contrast to the skeleton, genetic ablation of Spp1, the gene encoding OPN, did not ameliorate dentoalveolar defects in Phospho1(-/-) mice. Despite alveolar bone mineralization defects, periodontal attachment and function appeared undisturbed in Phospho1(-/-) mice, with normal PDL architecture and no evidence of bone loss over time. This study highlights the role of PHOSPHO1 in mineralization of alveolar bone and cellular cementum, further revealing that acellular cementum formation is not substantially regulated by PHOSPHO1 and likely does not rely on matrix vesicle-mediated initiation of mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Zweifler
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M Ao
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Yadav
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - P Kuss
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - S Narisawa
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - T N Kolli
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - H F Wimer
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C Farquharson
- Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, UK
| | - M J Somerman
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J L Millán
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - B L Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Saltz A, Kandalam U. Mesenchymal stem cells and alginate microcarriers for craniofacial bone tissue engineering: A review. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:1276-84. [PMID: 26826060 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Craniofacial bone is a complex structure with an intricate anatomical and physiological architecture. The defects that exist in this region therefore require a precise control of osteogenesis in their reconstruction. Unlike traditional surgical intervention, tissue engineering techniques mediate bone development with limited postoperative risk and cost. Alginate stands as the premier polymer in bone repair because of its mild ionotropic gelation and excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and injectability. Alginate microcarriers are candidates of choice to mediate cells and accommodate into 3-D environment. Several studies reported the use of alginate microcarriers for delivering cells, drugs, and growth factors. This review will explore the potential use of alginate microcarrier for stem cell systems and its application in craniofacial bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Saltz
- Nova Southeastern University College of Dental Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 33328
| | - Umadevi Kandalam
- Nova Southeastern University College of Dental Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 33328
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45
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The role of bone sialoprotein in the tendon-bone insertion. Matrix Biol 2016; 52-54:325-338. [PMID: 26826499 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tendons/ligaments insert into bone via a transitional structure, the enthesis, which is susceptible to injury and difficult to repair. Fibrocartilaginous entheses contain fibrocartilage in their transitional zone, part of which is mineralized. Mineral-associated proteins within this zone have not been adequately characterized. Members of the Small Integrin Binding Ligand N-linked Glycoprotein (SIBLING) family are acidic phosphoproteins expressed in mineralized tissues. Here we show that two SIBLING proteins, bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteopontin (OPN), are present in the mouse enthesis. Histological analyses indicate that the calcified zone of the quadriceps tendon enthesis is longer in Bsp(-/-) mice, however no difference is apparent in the supraspinatus tendon enthesis. In an analysis of mineral content within the calcified zone, micro-CT and Raman spectroscopy reveal that the mineral content in the calcified fibrocartilage of the quadriceps tendon enthesis are similar between wild type and Bsp(-/-) mice. Mechanical testing of the patellar tendon shows that while the tendons fail under similar loads, the Bsp(-/-) patellar tendon is 7.5% larger in cross sectional area than wild type tendons, resulting in a 16.5% reduction in failure stress. However, Picrosirius Red staining shows no difference in collagen organization. Data collected here indicate that BSP is present in the calcified fibrocartilage of murine entheses and suggest that BSP plays a regulatory role in this structure, influencing the growth of the calcified fibrocartilage in addition to the weakening of the tendon mechanical properties. Based on the phenotype of the Bsp(-/-) mouse enthesis, and the known in vitro functional properties of the protein, BSP may be a useful therapeutic molecule in the reattachment of tendons and ligaments to bone.
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Bouleftour W, Juignet L, Bouet G, Granito RN, Vanden-Bossche A, Laroche N, Aubin JE, Lafage-Proust MH, Vico L, Malaval L. The role of the SIBLING, Bone Sialoprotein in skeletal biology - Contribution of mouse experimental genetics. Matrix Biol 2016; 52-54:60-77. [PMID: 26763578 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone Sialoprotein (BSP) is a member of the "Small Integrin-Binding Ligand N-linked Glycoproteins" (SIBLING) extracellular matrix protein family of mineralized tissues. BSP has been less studied than other SIBLING proteins such as Osteopontin (OPN), which is coexpressed with it in several skeletal cell types. Here we review the contribution of genetically engineered mice (BSP gene knockout and overexpression) to the understanding of the role of BSP in the bone organ. The studies made so far highlight the role of BSP in skeletal mineralization, as well as its importance for proper osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and activity, most prominently in primary/repair bone. The absence of BSP also affects the local environment of the bone tissue, in particular hematopoiesis and vascularization. Interestingly, lack of BSP induces an overexpression of OPN, and the cognate protein could be responsible for some aspects of the BSP gene knockout skeletal phenotype, while replacing BSP for some of its functions. Such interplay between the partly overlapping functions of SIBLING proteins, as well as the network of cross-regulations in which they are involved should now be the focus of further work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Bouleftour
- Université de Lyon - Université Jean Monnet, INSERM U1059-LBTO/IFRESIS, Faculté de Médecine, 10 Chemin de la Marandière, St Priest en Jarez F42270, France
| | - Laura Juignet
- Université de Lyon - Université Jean Monnet, INSERM U1059-LBTO/IFRESIS, Faculté de Médecine, 10 Chemin de la Marandière, St Priest en Jarez F42270, France
| | - Guenaelle Bouet
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Arnaud Vanden-Bossche
- Université de Lyon - Université Jean Monnet, INSERM U1059-LBTO/IFRESIS, Faculté de Médecine, 10 Chemin de la Marandière, St Priest en Jarez F42270, France
| | - Norbert Laroche
- Université de Lyon - Université Jean Monnet, INSERM U1059-LBTO/IFRESIS, Faculté de Médecine, 10 Chemin de la Marandière, St Priest en Jarez F42270, France
| | - Jane E Aubin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Lafage-Proust
- Université de Lyon - Université Jean Monnet, INSERM U1059-LBTO/IFRESIS, Faculté de Médecine, 10 Chemin de la Marandière, St Priest en Jarez F42270, France
| | - Laurence Vico
- Université de Lyon - Université Jean Monnet, INSERM U1059-LBTO/IFRESIS, Faculté de Médecine, 10 Chemin de la Marandière, St Priest en Jarez F42270, France
| | - Luc Malaval
- Université de Lyon - Université Jean Monnet, INSERM U1059-LBTO/IFRESIS, Faculté de Médecine, 10 Chemin de la Marandière, St Priest en Jarez F42270, France.
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