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Li SN, Ran RY, Chen J, Liu MC, Dang YM, Lin H. Angiogenesis in heterotopic ossification: From mechanisms to clinical significance. Life Sci 2024; 351:122779. [PMID: 38851421 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) refers to the formation of pathologic bone in nonskeletal tissues (including muscles, tendons or other soft tissues). HO typically occurs after a severe injury and can occur in any part of the body. HO lesions are highly vascularized. Angiogenesis, which is the formation of new blood vessels, plays an important role in the pathophysiology of HO. Surgical resection is considered an effective treatment for HO. However, it is difficult to completely remove new vessels, which can lead to the recurrence of HO and is often accompanied by significant problems such as intraoperative hemorrhage, demonstrating the important role of angiogenesis in HO. Here, we broadly summarize the current understanding of how angiogenesis contributes to HO; in particular, we focus on new insights into the cellular and signaling mechanisms underlying HO angiogenesis. We also review the development and current challenges associated with antiangiogenic therapy for HO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Nan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; First Clinical School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ruo-Yue Ran
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; First Clinical School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Meng-Chao Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yan-Miao Dang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Hui Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
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Lederer ED, Sobh MM, Brier ME, Gaweda AE. Application of artificial intelligence to chronic kidney disease mineral bone disorder. Clin Kidney J 2024; 17:sfae143. [PMID: 38899159 PMCID: PMC11184350 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfae143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The global derangement of mineral metabolism that accompanies chronic kidney disease (CKD-MBD) is a major driver of the accelerated mortality for individuals with kidney disease. Advances in the delivery of dialysis, in the composition of phosphate binders, and in the therapies directed towards secondary hyperparathyroidism have failed to improve the cardiovascular event profile in this population. Many obstacles have prevented progress in this field including the incomplete understanding of pathophysiology, the lack of clinical targets for early stages of chronic kidney disease, and the remarkably wide diversity in clinical manifestations. We describe in this review a novel approach to CKD-MBD combining mathematical modelling of biologic processes with machine learning artificial intelligence techniques as a tool for the generation of new hypotheses and for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches to this syndrome. Clinicians need alternative targets of therapy, tools for risk profile assessment, and new therapies to address complications early in the course of disease and to personalize therapy to each individual. The complexity of CKD-MBD suggests that incorporating artificial intelligence techniques into the diagnostic, therapeutic, and research armamentarium could accelerate the achievement of these goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor D Lederer
- VA North Texas Health Care Services, Dallas TX, USA
- Department of Medicine and Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Mahmoud M Sobh
- Nephrology and Internal Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Michael E Brier
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA
- Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Adam E Gaweda
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA
- Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, USA
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3
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Aierken Y, He H, Li R, Lin Z, Xu T, Zhang L, Wu Y, Liu Y. Inhibition of Slc39a14/Slc39a8 reduce vascular calcification via alleviating iron overload induced ferroptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:186. [PMID: 38812011 PMCID: PMC11138056 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification (VC) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Recently, ferroptosis has been recognised as a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. Although an association between ferroptosis and vascular calcification has been reported, the role and mechanism of iron overload in vascular calcification are still poorly understood. Specifically, further in-depth research is required on whether metalloproteins SLC39a14 and SLC39a8 are involved in ferroptosis induced by iron overload. METHODS R language was employed for the differential analysis of the dataset, revealing the correlation between ferroptosis and calcification. The experimental approaches encompassed both in vitro and in vivo studies, incorporating the use of iron chelators and models of iron overload. Additionally, gain- and loss-of-function experiments were conducted to investigate iron's effects on vascular calcification comprehensively. Electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, western blotting, and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to elucidate how Slc39a14 and Slc39a8 mediate iron overload and promote calcification. RESULTS Ferroptosis was observed in conjunction with vascular calcification (VC); the association was consistently confirmed by in vitro and in vivo studies. Our results showed a positive correlation between iron overload in VSMCs and calcification. Iron chelators are effective in reversing VC and iron overload exacerbates this process. The expression levels of the metal transport proteins Slc39a14 and Slc39a8 were significantly upregulated during calcification; the inhibition of their expression alleviated VC. Conversely, Slc39a14 overexpression exacerbates calcification and promotes intracellular iron accumulation in VSMCs. CONCLUSIONS Our research demonstrates that iron overload occurs during VC, and that inhibition of Slc39a14 and Slc39a8 significantly relieves VC by intercepting iron overload-induced ferroptosis in VSMCs, providing new insights into the VC treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Ferroptosis/drug effects
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
- Animals
- Cation Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Cation Transport Proteins/genetics
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Iron Chelating Agents/pharmacology
- Iron Chelating Agents/therapeutic use
- Signal Transduction
- Male
- Humans
- Iron/metabolism
- Iron Overload/metabolism
- Iron Overload/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yierpani Aierken
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Huqiang He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases) Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Runwen Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zipeng Lin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Tongjie Xu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases) Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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Nichay NR, Dokuchaeva AA, Kulyabin YY, Boyarkin EV, Kuznetsova EV, Rusakova YL, Murashov IS, Vaver AA, Bogachev-Prokophiev AV, Zhuravleva IY. Epoxy- versus Glutaraldehyde-Treated Bovine Jugular Vein Conduit for Pulmonary Valve Replacement: A Comparison of Morphological Changes in a Pig Model. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3101. [PMID: 38002101 PMCID: PMC10669752 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Valved conduits are often required to replace pulmonary arteries (PA). A widely used Contegra device is made of bovine jugular vein (BJV), preserved with glutaraldehyde (GA) and iso-propanol. However, it has several drawbacks that may be attributed to its chemical treatment. We hypothesized that the use of an alternative preservation compound may significantly improve BJV conduit performance. This study aimed to compare the macroscopic and microscopic properties of the BJV treated with diepoxide (DE) and GA in a porcine model. Twelve DE-BJVs and four Contegra conduits were used for PA replacement in minipigs. To assess the isolated influence of GA, we included an additional control group-BJV treated with 0.625% GA (n = 4). The animals were withdrawn after 6 months of follow-up and the conduits were examined. Explanted DE-BJV had a soft elastic wall with no signs of thrombosis or calcification and good conduit integration, including myofibroblast germination, an ingrowth of soft connective tissue formations and remarkable neoangiogenesis. The inner surface of DE-BJVs was covered by a thin neointimal layer with a solid endothelium. Contegra grafts had a stiffer wall with thrombosis on the leaflets. Calcified foci, chondroid metaplasia, and hyalinosis were observed within the wall. The distal anastomotic sites had hyperplastic neointima, partially covered with the endothelium. The wall of GA-BJV was stiff and rigid with degenerative changes, a substantial amount of calcium deposits and dense fibrotic formations in adventitia. An irregular neointimal layer was presented in the anastomotic sites without endothelial cover in the GA BJV wall. These results demonstrate that DE treatment improves conduit integration and the endothelialization of the inner surface while preventing the mineralization of the BJV, which may reduce the risk of early conduit dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya R. Nichay
- E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 15 Rechkunovskaya St., Novosibirsk 630055, Russia; (A.A.D.); (Y.Y.K.); (E.V.B.); (E.V.K.); (Y.L.R.); (I.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.B.-P.); (I.Y.Z.)
- Cardiovascular Department, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 52 Krasny Prospect, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia
| | - Anna A. Dokuchaeva
- E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 15 Rechkunovskaya St., Novosibirsk 630055, Russia; (A.A.D.); (Y.Y.K.); (E.V.B.); (E.V.K.); (Y.L.R.); (I.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.B.-P.); (I.Y.Z.)
| | - Yuriy Yu. Kulyabin
- E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 15 Rechkunovskaya St., Novosibirsk 630055, Russia; (A.A.D.); (Y.Y.K.); (E.V.B.); (E.V.K.); (Y.L.R.); (I.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.B.-P.); (I.Y.Z.)
| | - Evgeniy V. Boyarkin
- E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 15 Rechkunovskaya St., Novosibirsk 630055, Russia; (A.A.D.); (Y.Y.K.); (E.V.B.); (E.V.K.); (Y.L.R.); (I.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.B.-P.); (I.Y.Z.)
| | - Elena V. Kuznetsova
- E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 15 Rechkunovskaya St., Novosibirsk 630055, Russia; (A.A.D.); (Y.Y.K.); (E.V.B.); (E.V.K.); (Y.L.R.); (I.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.B.-P.); (I.Y.Z.)
| | - Yanina L. Rusakova
- E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 15 Rechkunovskaya St., Novosibirsk 630055, Russia; (A.A.D.); (Y.Y.K.); (E.V.B.); (E.V.K.); (Y.L.R.); (I.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.B.-P.); (I.Y.Z.)
| | - Ivan S. Murashov
- E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 15 Rechkunovskaya St., Novosibirsk 630055, Russia; (A.A.D.); (Y.Y.K.); (E.V.B.); (E.V.K.); (Y.L.R.); (I.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.B.-P.); (I.Y.Z.)
| | - Andrey A. Vaver
- E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 15 Rechkunovskaya St., Novosibirsk 630055, Russia; (A.A.D.); (Y.Y.K.); (E.V.B.); (E.V.K.); (Y.L.R.); (I.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.B.-P.); (I.Y.Z.)
| | - Alexander V. Bogachev-Prokophiev
- E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 15 Rechkunovskaya St., Novosibirsk 630055, Russia; (A.A.D.); (Y.Y.K.); (E.V.B.); (E.V.K.); (Y.L.R.); (I.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.B.-P.); (I.Y.Z.)
| | - Irina Yu. Zhuravleva
- E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 15 Rechkunovskaya St., Novosibirsk 630055, Russia; (A.A.D.); (Y.Y.K.); (E.V.B.); (E.V.K.); (Y.L.R.); (I.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.B.-P.); (I.Y.Z.)
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5
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Wilken N, Warburton G. Reconstruction of the mandibular condyle due to degenerative disease. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:367-372. [PMID: 36970306 PMCID: PMC10031477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Degenerative joint disease (DJD), also known as osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis and can affect the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). TMJ DJD is characterized by degradation of the articular cartilage and synovial tissues resulting in characteristic morphologic changes in the underlying bone. DJD can occur at any age, but it is more common in older age groups. TMJ DJD may be unilateral or bilateral. The American Academy of Orofacial Pain categorizes TMJ DJD into primary and secondary types. Primary DJD is seen in the absence of any local or systemic factors and secondary DJD is associated with a prior traumatic event or disease process. Frequently, these patients present with pain and limited residual mandibular function resulting in significantly diminished quality of life. Classic radiographic features on orthopantogram and CT imaging include loss of joint space, osteophytes (bird-beak appearance of the condyle), subchondral cysts, erosions, flattening of the condylar head, bony resorption and/or heterotopic bone (Figure 1). Conservative and medical management is successful in the majority of patients until the active degenerative phase burns out, but some will progress to end stage joint disease and require reconstruction of the TMJ. Reconstruction of the mandibular condyle should be considered to restore mandibular function and form to patients who have lost it secondary to degenerative joint disease affecting the glenoid fossa/mandibular condyle unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Wilken
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Maryland, 650 W. Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Gary Warburton
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Maryland, 650 W. Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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Syed MBJ, Fletcher AJ, Debono S, Forsythe RO, Williams MC, Dweck MR, Shah ASV, Macaskill MG, Tavares A, Denvir MA, Lim K, Wallace WA, Kaczynski J, Clark T, Sellers SL, Masson N, Falah O, Chalmers RTA, Tambyraja AL, van Beek EJR, Newby DE. 18F-Sodium Fluoride Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography in Acute Aortic Syndrome. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 15:1291-1304. [PMID: 35798405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute aortic syndrome is associated with aortic medial degeneration. 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) positron emission tomography (PET) detects microscopic tissue calcification as a marker of disease activity. OBJECTIVES In a proof-of-concept study, this investigation aimed to establish whether 18F-NaF PET combined with computed tomography (CT) angiography could identify aortic medial disease activity in patients with acute aortic syndrome. METHODS Patients with aortic dissection or intramural hematomas and control subjects underwent 18F-NaF PET/CT angiography of the aorta. Aortic 18F-NaF uptake was measured at the most diseased segment, and the maximum value was corrected for background blood pool activity (maximum tissue-to-background ratio [TBRmax]). Radiotracer uptake was compared with change in aortic size and major adverse aortic events (aortic rupture, aorta-related death, or aortic repair) over 45 ± 13 months. RESULTS Aortic 18F-NaF uptake co-localized with histologically defined regions of microcalcification and elastin disruption. Compared with control subjects, patients with acute aortic syndrome had increased 18F-NaF uptake (TBRmax: 1.36 ± 0.39 [n = 20] vs 2.02 ± 0.42 [n = 47] respectively; P < 0.001) with enhanced uptake at the site of intimal disruption (+27.5%; P < 0.001). 18F-NaF uptake in the false lumen was associated with aortic growth (+7.1 mm/year; P = 0.011), and uptake in the outer aortic wall was associated with major adverse aortic events (HR: 8.5 [95% CI: 1.4-50.4]; P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS In patients with acute aortic syndrome, 18F-NaF uptake was enhanced at sites of disease activity and was associated with aortic growth and clinical events. 18F-NaF PET/CT holds promise as a noninvasive marker of disease severity and future risk in patients with acute aortic syndrome. (18F Sodium Fluoride PET/CT in Acute Aortic Syndrome [FAASt]; NCT03647566).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaz B J Syed
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Alexander J Fletcher
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Debono
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel O Forsythe
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle C Williams
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marc R Dweck
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anoop S V Shah
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark G Macaskill
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Adriana Tavares
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Martin A Denvir
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kelvin Lim
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - William A Wallace
- Department of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jakub Kaczynski
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Clark
- Edinburgh Imaging, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh. Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie L Sellers
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada
| | - Neil Masson
- Department of Radiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Orwa Falah
- The Edinburgh Vascular Service, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Roderick T A Chalmers
- The Edinburgh Vascular Service, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew L Tambyraja
- The Edinburgh Vascular Service, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin J R van Beek
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Edinburgh Imaging, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh. Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David E Newby
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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7
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Tian J, Zhang L, Hu M, Zeng X, Wang Y, Yang C, Hu Z. Heterotopic Ossification of the Inferior Vena Cava Wall: A Case Report and Literature Review. Front Surg 2021; 8:738934. [PMID: 34926564 PMCID: PMC8674723 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.738934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Masses of the inferior vena cava (IVC) are very diverse, most of which are thrombus and tumor thrombus, whereas heterotopic ossification of IVC has never been reported. Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the formation of mature lamellar bone outside normal bones and in soft tissues. Some researchers believe that HO is a manifestation of vascular calcification. Here we present a case of HO of the inferior vena cava (IVC) wall. A 68 year old female patient complaining hypertension and palpitation and diagnosed with a retroperitoneal mass was found to have a primary mass of the inferior vena cava wall during surgery. Histopathological examination after surgical resection revealed that the mass was mainly composed of mature bone tissues and hematopoietic tissues of bone marrow, there was no recurrence and the patient was symptom-free 15 months after the surgery. HO of the inferior vena cava wall is very rare, with large volume it can affect the circulation, and this case remind us that it can be cured by surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Tian
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Zeng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunguang Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiquan Hu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Abstract
Elderly individuals with chronic disorders tend to develop inflammaging, a condition associated with elevated levels of blood inflammatory markers, and increased susceptibility to chronic disease progression. Native and adaptive immunity are both involved in immune system senescence, kidney fibrosis and aging. The innate immune system is characterized by a limited number of receptors, constantly challenged by self and non-self stimuli. Circulating and kidney resident myeloid and lymphoid cells are all equipped with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Recent reports on PRRs show kidney overexpression of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in inflammaging autoimmune renal diseases, vasculitis, acute kidney injury and kidney transplant rejection. TLR upregulation leads to proinflammatory cytokine induction, fibrosis, and chronic kidney disease progression. TLR2 blockade in a murine model of renal ischemia reperfusion injury prevented the escape of natural killer cells and neutrophils by inflammaging kidney injury. Tumor necrosis factor-α blockade in endothelial cells with senescence-associated secretory phenotype significantly reduced interleukin-6 release. These findings should encourage experimental and translational clinical trials aimed at modulating renal inflammaging by native immunity blockade.
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9
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Syed MBJ, Fletcher AJ, Dweck MR. Imaging cellular activity and proliferation in the aortic wall. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:1972-1975. [PMID: 31832885 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-019-01987-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maaz B J Syed
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Alexander J Fletcher
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marc R Dweck
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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10
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Jadidi M, Poulson W, Aylward P, MacTaggart J, Sanderfer C, Marmie B, Pipinos M, Kamenskiy A. Calcification prevalence in different vascular zones and its association with demographics, risk factors, and morphometry. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H2313-H2323. [PMID: 33961507 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00040.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is associated with a higher incidence of cardiovascular events, but its prevalence in different vascular zones and the influence of demographics, risk factors, and morphometry remain insufficiently understood. Computerized tomography angiography scans from 211 subjects 5-93 yr old (mean age 47 ± 24 yr, 127 M/84 F) were used to build 3D vascular reconstructions and measure arterial diameters, tortuosity, and calcification volumes in six vascular zones spanning from the ascending thoracic aorta to the pelvic arteries. A machine learning random forest algorithm was used to determine the associations between calcification in each zone with demographics, risk factors, and vascular morphometry. Calcification appeared during the fourth decade of life and was present in all subjects after 65 yr. The abdominal aorta and the iliofemoral segment were the first to develop calcification, whereas the ascending thoracic aorta was the last. Demographics and risk factors explained 33-59% of the variation in calcification. Age, creatinine level, body mass index, coronary artery disease, and hypertension were the strongest contributors, whereas the effects of sex, race, tobacco use, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and alcohol and substance use disorders on calcification were small. Vascular morphometry did not directly and independently affect calcium burden. Vascular zones develop calcification asynchronously, with distal segments calcifying first. Understanding the influence of demographics and risk factors on calcium prevalence can help better understand the disease pathophysiology and may help with the early identification of patients that are at higher risk of cardiovascular events.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We investigated the prevalence of vascular calcification in different zones of the aorta and pelvic arteries using computerized tomography angiography reconstructions and have applied machine learning to determine how calcification is affected by demographics, risk factors, and morphometry. The presented data can help identify patients at higher risk of developing vascular calcification that may lead to cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Jadidi
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - William Poulson
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Paul Aylward
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jason MacTaggart
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Christian Sanderfer
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Blake Marmie
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Margarita Pipinos
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Alexey Kamenskiy
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska
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11
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Skeleton-vasculature chain reaction: a novel insight into the mystery of homeostasis. Bone Res 2021; 9:21. [PMID: 33753717 PMCID: PMC7985324 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis and osteogenesis are coupled. However, the cellular and molecular regulation of these processes remains to be further investigated. Both tissues have recently been recognized as endocrine organs, which has stimulated research interest in the screening and functional identification of novel paracrine factors from both tissues. This review aims to elaborate on the novelty and significance of endocrine regulatory loops between bone and the vasculature. In addition, research progress related to the bone vasculature, vessel-related skeletal diseases, pathological conditions, and angiogenesis-targeted therapeutic strategies are also summarized. With respect to future perspectives, new techniques such as single-cell sequencing, which can be used to show the cellular diversity and plasticity of both tissues, are facilitating progress in this field. Moreover, extracellular vesicle-mediated nuclear acid communication deserves further investigation. In conclusion, a deeper understanding of the cellular and molecular regulation of angiogenesis and osteogenesis coupling may offer an opportunity to identify new therapeutic targets.
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12
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Overlapping Genetic Background of Coronary Artery and Carotid/Femoral Atherosclerotic Calcification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57030252. [PMID: 33803199 PMCID: PMC7999274 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57030252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Multivessel atherosclerosis and its genetic background are under-investigated, although atherosclerosis is seldom local and still causes high mortality. Alternative methods to assess coronary calcification (CAC) might incorporate genetic links between different arteries’ atherosclerotic involvement, however, co-occurrences of coronary calcification have not been investigated in twins yet. Materials and Methods: We assessed the heritability of radio morphologically distinct atherosclerotic plaque types in coronary (non-enhanced CT, Agatston score), carotid, and femoral arteries (B-mode ultrasound) in 190 twin subjects (60 monozygotic, 35 dizygotic pairs). Four-segment scores were derived in order to assess the dissemination of the distinct plaque types in the carotid and femoral arteries taking bilaterality into account. We calculated the genetic correlation between phenotypically correlating plaque types in these arteries. Results: CAC and dissemination of calcified plaques in the carotid and femoral arteries (4S_hyper) were moderately heritable (0.67 [95% CI: 0.37–1] and 0.69 [95% CI: 0.38–1], respectively) when adjusted for age and sex. Hypoechoic plaques in the carotid and femoral arteries showed no heritability, while mixed plaques showed intermediate heritability (0.50 [95% CI: 0–0.76]). Age and sex-adjusted phenotypic correlation between CAC and 4segm_hyper was 0.48 [95% CI: 0.30–0.63] and the underlying genetic correlation was 0.86 [95% CI: 0.42–1]. Conclusions: Calcification of atherosclerotic plaques is moderately heritable in all investigated arteries and significant overlapping genetic factors can be attributed to the phenotypical resemblance of coronary and carotid or femoral atherosclerotic calcification. Our findings support the idea of screening extracoronary arteries in asymptomatic individuals. We also propose a hypothesis about primarily carotid-coronary and femoral-coronary atherosclerosis as two distinct genetic predispositions to co-localization.
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13
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Vidavsky N, Kunitake JAMR, Estroff LA. Multiple Pathways for Pathological Calcification in the Human Body. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001271. [PMID: 33274854 PMCID: PMC8724004 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biomineralization of skeletal components (e.g., bone and teeth) is generally accepted to occur under strict cellular regulation, leading to mineral-organic composites with hierarchical structures and properties optimized for their designated function. Such cellular regulation includes promoting mineralization at desired sites as well as inhibiting mineralization in soft tissues and other undesirable locations. In contrast, pathological mineralization, with potentially harmful health effects, can occur as a result of tissue or metabolic abnormalities, disease, or implantation of certain biomaterials. This progress report defines mineralization pathway components and identifies the commonalities (and differences) between physiological (e.g., bone remodeling) and pathological calcification formation pathways, based, in part, upon the extent of cellular control within the system. These concepts are discussed in representative examples of calcium phosphate-based pathological mineralization in cancer (breast, thyroid, ovarian, and meningioma) and in cardiovascular disease. In-depth mechanistic understanding of pathological mineralization requires utilizing state-of-the-art materials science imaging and characterization techniques, focusing not only on the final deposits, but also on the earlier stages of crystal nucleation, growth, and aggregation. Such mechanistic understanding will further enable the use of pathological calcifications in diagnosis and prognosis, as well as possibly provide insights into preventative treatments for detrimental mineralization in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netta Vidavsky
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Jennie A M R Kunitake
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Lara A Estroff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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14
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Gao KJ, Yan ZL, Yu Y, Guo LQ, Hang C, Yang JB, Zhang MC. Port-site metastasis of unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma with ossification after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:5729-5736. [PMID: 33344567 PMCID: PMC7716338 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i22.5729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma (UGC) refers to cholecystectomy due to benign gallbladder disease, which is pathologically confirmed as gallbladder cancer during or after surgery. Port-site metastasis (PSM) of UGC following laparoscopic cholecystectomy is rare, especially after several years.
CASE SUMMARY A 55-year-old man presenting with acute cholecystitis and gallstones was treated by laparoscopic cholecystectomy in July 2008. Histological analysis revealed unexpected papillary adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder with gallstones, which indicated that the tumor had spread to the muscular space (pT1b). Radical resection of gallbladder carcinoma was performed 10 d later. In January 2018, the patient was admitted to our hospital for a mass in the upper abdominal wall after surgery for gallbladder cancer 10 years ago. Laparoscopic exploration and complete resection of the abdominal wall tumor were successfully performed. Pathological diagnosis showed metastatic or invasive, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma in fibrous tissue with massive ossification. Immuno-histochemistry and medical history were consistent with invasion or metastasis of gallbladder carcinoma. His general condition was well at follow-up of 31 mo. No recurrence was found by ultrasound and epigastric enhanced computed tomography.
CONCLUSION PSM of gallbladder cancer is often accompanied by peritoneal metastasis, which indicates poor prognosis. Once PSM occurs after surgery, laparoscopic exploration is recommended to rule out abdominal metastasis to avoid unnecessary surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Jun Gao
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhi-Long Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liang-Qi Guo
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chen Hang
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jia-Bin Yang
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mou-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
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15
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Li L, Tuan RS. Mechanism of traumatic heterotopic ossification: In search of injury-induced osteogenic factors. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11046-11055. [PMID: 32853465 PMCID: PMC7576286 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a pathological condition of abnormal bone formation in soft tissue. Three factors have been proposed as required to induce HO: (a) osteogenic precursor cells, (b) osteoinductive agents and (c) an osteoconductive environment. Since Urist's landmark discovery of bone induction in skeletal muscle tissue by demineralized bone matrix, it is generally believed that skeletal muscle itself is a conductive environment for osteogenesis and that resident progenitor cells in skeletal muscle are capable of differentiating into osteoblast to form bone. However, little is known about the naturally occurring osteoinductive agents that triggered this osteogenic response in the first place. This article provides a review of the emerging findings regarding distinct types of HO to summarize the current understanding of HO mechanisms, with special attention to the osteogenic factors that are induced following injury. Specifically, we hypothesize that muscle injury‐induced up‐regulation of local bone morphogenetic protein‐7 (BMP‐7) level, combined with glucocorticoid excess‐induced down‐regulation of circulating transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) level, could be an important causative mechanism of traumatic HO formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- La Li
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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16
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Huang C, Zhan JF, Chen YX, Xu CY, Chen Y. LncRNA-SNHG29 inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell calcification by downregulating miR-200b-3p to activate the α-Klotho/FGFR1/FGF23 axis. Cytokine 2020; 136:155243. [PMID: 32818704 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification (VC) is characterized by mineral accumulation on the walls of arteries and veins, which is a pathological process commonly found in elderly individuals and patients with atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes. Emerging evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in VC. However, the role of SNHG29 is less clear. METHODS The expression of SNHG29, miR-200b-3p, α-Klotho, FGFR1 and FGF23 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) was quantified by qRT-PCR and western blot assays. β-GP was used to construct an in vitro calcification model, followed by MTT assay to detect cell viability. Calcification was determined by alizarin red S staining and quantified by calcification assay. ALP activity was investigated by ALP staining. The interactions among SNHG29, miR-200b-3p and α-Klotho were verified by luciferase assay. RESULTS In the in vitro calcification model, SNHG29 was downregulated, while miR-200b-3p was upregulated. SNHG29 overexpression and miR-200b-3p knockdown significantly suppressed osteoblast-related factors (RUNX2 and BMP2), accompanied by activation of the α-Klotho/FGFR1/FGF23 axis, further inhibiting the formation of calcified nodules. Moreover, miR-200b-3p overexpression and α-Klotho knockdown reversed the SNHG29 overexpression-induced inhibitory effects on calcified VSMCs. CONCLUSION Our study is the first to demonstrate that SNHG29 could inhibit VSMC calcification by downregulating miR-200b-3p to activate the α-Klotho/FGFR1/FGF23 axis, suggesting SNHG29 as a novel therapeutic target for VC-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Huang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Jin-Feng Zhan
- Physical Examination Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Yan-Xia Chen
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Cheng-Yun Xu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China.
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17
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Björsenius I, Rantapää-Dahlqvist S, Berglin E, Södergren A. Extent of atherosclerosis after 11-year prospective follow-up in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis was affected by disease severity at diagnosis. Scand J Rheumatol 2020; 49:443-451. [PMID: 32691642 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2020.1767200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increased among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The underlying cause is not clear. In this prospective study, patients with early RA were investigated for associations between subclinical atherosclerosis and CVD risk factors as well as inflammation. Method: At diagnosis, RA patients were recruited into a prospective study. A subgroup was included (n = 55) for ultrasound measurements of intima-media thickness (IMT) at inclusion (T0), and after 5 years (T5) and 11 years (T11). Thirty-one age and gender-matched controls were also included for comparison. Results: IMT increased significantly between T0 and T11 among patients and controls (p < 0.0001). No statistically significant differences in IMT between patients and controls were detected at T11, T5, or T0 (p > 0.05 for all). In simple regression models, IMT at T11 was significantly associated with age (p < 0.0001), as well as systolic blood pressure at T0 (p < 0.01) and T11 (p < 0.01) among RA patients. Furthermore, the composite Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) measurements (p < 0.0001) and Reynolds risk score (p < 0.01) and the radiographic Larsen score (p < 0.05) at T0 were all significantly associated with IMT at T11. Results from conditional logistic regression analysis showed an increased progression rate between T0 and T11 in the RA group compared with controls (p < 0.05). Conclusion: We found increased atherosclerotic development among patients with RA compared with controls 11 years after diagnosis. The atherosclerotic burden was associated with disease severity at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Björsenius
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Rheumatology, Umeå University , Umeå, Sweden
| | - S Rantapää-Dahlqvist
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Rheumatology, Umeå University , Umeå, Sweden
| | - E Berglin
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Rheumatology, Umeå University , Umeå, Sweden
| | - A Södergren
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Rheumatology, Umeå University , Umeå, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University , Umeå, Sweden
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18
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Babler A, Schmitz C, Buescher A, Herrmann M, Gremse F, Gorgels T, Floege J, Jahnen-Dechent W. Microvasculopathy and soft tissue calcification in mice are governed by fetuin-A, magnesium and pyrophosphate. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228938. [PMID: 32074140 PMCID: PMC7029863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcifications can disrupt organ function in the cardiovascular system and the kidney, and are particularly common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Fetuin-A deficient mice maintained against the genetic background DBA/2 exhibit particularly severe soft tissue calcifications, while fetuin-A deficient C57BL/6 mice remain healthy. We employed molecular genetic analysis to identify risk factors of calcification in fetuin-A deficient mice. We sought to identify pharmaceutical therapeutic targets that could be influenced by dietary of parenteral supplementation. We studied the progeny of an intercross of fetuin-A deficient DBA/2 and C57BL/6 mice to identify candidate risk genes involved in calcification. We determined that a hypomorphic mutation of the Abcc6 gene, a liver ATP transporter supplying systemic pyrophosphate, and failure to regulate the Trpm6 magnesium transporter in kidney were associated with severity of calcification. Calcification prone fetuin-A deficient mice were alternatively treated with parenteral administration of fetuin-A dietary magnesium supplementation, phosphate restriction, or by or parenteral pyrophosphate. All treatments markedly reduced soft tissue calcification, demonstrated by computed tomography, histology and tissue calcium measurement. We show that pathological ectopic calcification in fetuin-A deficient DBA/2 mice is caused by a compound deficiency of three major extracellular and systemic inhibitors of calcification, namely fetuin-A, magnesium, and pyrophosphate. All three of these are individually known to contribute to stabilize protein-mineral complexes and thus inhibit mineral precipitation from extracellular fluid. We show for the first time a compound triple deficiency that can be treated by simple dietary or parenteral supplementation. This is of special importance in patients with advanced CKD, who commonly exhibit reduced serum fetuin-A, magnesium and pyrophosphate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Babler
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Lab, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carlo Schmitz
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Lab, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrea Buescher
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Lab, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marietta Herrmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Lab, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- IZKF Research Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felix Gremse
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Theo Gorgels
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Juergen Floege
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Willi Jahnen-Dechent
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Lab, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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19
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miR32-5p promoted vascular smooth muscle cell calcification by upregulating TNFα in the microenvironment. BMC Immunol 2020; 21:3. [PMID: 31952480 PMCID: PMC6967090 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-019-0324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification is often associated with chronic inflammation and is a risk factor for brain arterial stiffness. Our previous results showed that miR32-5p was positively correlated with vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) calcification, but it is unclear whether miR32-5p promoted VSMC calcification by regulating inflammatory factor production. RESULTS In this study, bioinformatics analysis was used to select tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) as a candidate inflammatory factor associated with calcification. Moreover, alizarin red staining and qRT-PCR analysis revealed that TNFα produced by BV2 cells was the key promoting factor of VSMC calcification. Interestingly, the expression of TNFα was significantly increased at the mRNA and protein levels after miR32-5p mimic treatment but significantly decreased after miR32-5p antagomir treatment. To explore the mechanism of the regulation of TNFα expression by miR32-5p, bioinformatics analysis indicated that PIKfyve was a candidate target gene of miR32-5p, and luciferase assays verified that the expression of PIKfyve was significantly repressed by miR32-5p mimics. Importantly, rescue experiments showed that the expression of TNFα in BV2 cells treated with miR32-5p antagomir and the PIKfyve inhibitor YM201636 was significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS The production of TNFα in microglia could be affected by miR32-5p targeting PIKfyve, and these results will be beneficial to reveal the mechanism of brain arterial calcification.
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Huang M, Zheng L, Xu H, Tang D, Lin L, Zhang J, Li C, Wang W, Yuan Q, Tao L, Ye Z. Oxidative stress contributes to vascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 138:256-268. [PMID: 31866376 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a major cause of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). While elevations in serum phosphorus contribute to VC, we provide evidence here for a major role of oxidative stress (OS) in VC pathogenesis without an apparent increase in serum phosphorus in early CKD. In a rat model for stage 5 CKD (CKD5), we observed 1) robust increases of VC and OS, 2) significant reductions of smooth muscle 22 alpha (SM22α) and calponin, and 3) upregulations in Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and collagen I in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Inhibition of OS using MnTMPyP dramatically reduced these events without normalization of hyperphosphatemia. In CKD5 patients with VC (n = 11) but not in those without VC (n = 13), OS was significantly elevated. While the serum levels of calcium and phosphate were not altered in the animal model for early stage CKD (ECKD), OS, VC, SM22α, calponin, RUNX2, collagen I and NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) in VSMCs were all significantly changed. More importantly, serum (5%) derived from patients with ECKD (n = 30) or CKD5 (n = 30) induced SM22α and calponin downregulation, and RUNX2, collagen I, NOX1 upregulation along with a robust elevation of OS and calcium deposition in primary rat VSMCs. These alterations were all reduced by MnTMPyP, ML171 (a NOX1 inhibitor), and U0126 (an inhibitor of Erk signaling). Collectively, we provide a comprehensive set of evidence supporting an important role of OS in promoting VC development in CKD patients (particularly in those with ECKD); this was at least in part through induction of osteoblastic transition in VSMCs which may involve the Erk singling. Our research thus suggests that reductions in OS may prevent VC in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of the Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of the Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Division of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of the Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of the Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
| | - Damu Tang
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Urologic Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lizhen Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of the Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Cuifang Li
- Division of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of the Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of the Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qiongjing Yuan
- Division of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of the Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Lijian Tao
- Division of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of the Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of China, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zunlong Ye
- Division of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of the Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; 1717 class, Chang Jun High School of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410002, China
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21
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Syed MBJ, Fletcher AJ, Forsythe RO, Kaczynski J, Newby DE, Dweck MR, van Beek EJR. Emerging techniques in atherosclerosis imaging. Br J Radiol 2019; 92:20180309. [PMID: 31502858 PMCID: PMC6849665 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic immunomodulated disease that affects multiple vascular beds and results in a significant worldwide disease burden. Conventional imaging modalities focus on the morphological features of atherosclerotic disease such as the degree of stenosis caused by a lesion. Modern CT, MR and positron emission tomography scanners have seen significant improvements in the rapidity of image acquisition and spatial resolution. This has increased the scope for the clinical application of these modalities. Multimodality imaging can improve cardiovascular risk prediction by informing on the constituency and metabolic processes within the vessel wall. Specific disease processes can be targeted using novel biological tracers and "smart" contrast agents. These approaches have the potential to inform clinicians of the metabolic state of atherosclerotic plaque. This review will provide an overview of current imaging techniques for the imaging of atherosclerosis and how various modalities can provide information that enhances the depiction of basic morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaz BJ Syed
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Cardiovascular Science
| | | | | | | | | | - Marc R Dweck
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Cardiovascular Science
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Peivandi AD, Seiler M, Mueller KM, Martens S, Malec E, Asfour B, Lueck S. Elastica degeneration and intimal hyperplasia lead to Contegra® conduit failure. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2019; 56:1154-1161. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezz199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Currently, Contegra® grafts (processed bovine jugular vein conduits) are widely used for reconstructive surgery of the right ventricular outflow tract in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). We analysed explanted Contegra conduits from 2 institutions histologically to get a possible hint at the underlying pathomechanisms of degenerative alterations and to find histological correlations of graft failure. Additionally, we compared the explants with a non-implanted processed graft and a native jugular vein obtained from a young bull.
METHODS
The explanted Contegra grafts were gathered during reoperations of 13 patients (male: n = 9, 69.2%; female: n = 4, 30.8%). After standardized histological preparation, samples were stained with dyes haematoxylin and eosin and Elastica van Gieson. Additionally, X-ray pictures revealed the extent of calcification and chelaplex (III)-descaling agent was used to decalcify selected explants.
RESULTS
Processing of the native jugular vein leads to tissue loosening and a loss of elastic fibres. For graft failure after implantation, 2 pathomechanisms were identified: original graft alteration as well as intimal hyperplasia. Elastica degeneration and rearrangement with interfibrillary matrix structures were the main developments observed within the graft itself. Intimal hyperplasia was characterized by fibrous tissue apposition, calcification and heterotopic ossification.
CONCLUSIONS
Regression of the elastic fibre network leads to rigidification of the conduit. In Contegra grafts, atherosclerosis-like changes can be considered the leading cause of graft stenosis and insufficiency. We conclude that both observed mechanisms lead to early reoperation in CHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Darius Peivandi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Martina Seiler
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Klaus-Michael Mueller
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sven Martens
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Edward Malec
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Boulos Asfour
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, German Pediatric Heart Center, Sankt Augustin, Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Lueck
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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23
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Balla J, Balla G, Zarjou A. Ferritin in Kidney and Vascular Related Diseases: Novel Roles for an Old Player. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E96. [PMID: 31234273 PMCID: PMC6630272 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is at the forefront of a number of pivotal biological processes due to its ability to readily accept and donate electrons. However, this property may also catalyze the generation of free radicals with ensuing cellular and tissue toxicity. Accordingly, throughout evolution numerous pathways and proteins have evolved to minimize the potential hazardous effects of iron cations and yet allow for readily available iron cations in a wide variety of fundamental metabolic processes. One of the extensively studied proteins in the context of systemic and cellular iron metabolisms is ferritin. While clinicians utilize serum ferritin to monitor body iron stores and inflammation, it is important to note that the vast majority of ferritin is located intracellularly. Intracellular ferritin is made of two different subunits (heavy and light chain) and plays an imperative role as a safe iron depot. In the past couple of decades our understanding of ferritin biology has remarkably improved. Additionally, a significant body of evidence has emerged describing the significance of the kidney in iron trafficking and homeostasis. Here, we briefly discuss some of the most important findings that relate to the role of iron and ferritin heavy chain in the context of kidney-related diseases and, in particular, vascular calcification, which is a frequent complication of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Balla
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - György Balla
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Abolfazl Zarjou
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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24
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Whyte MP, McAlister WH, Mumm S, Bierhals AJ. No vascular calcification on cardiac computed tomography spanning asfotase alfa treatment for an elderly woman with hypophosphatasia. Bone 2019; 122:231-236. [PMID: 30825650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is the inborn-error-of-metabolism characterized enzymatically by insufficient activity of the tissue-nonspecific isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) and caused by either mono- or bi-allelic loss-of-function mutation(s) of the gene ALPL that encodes this cell surface phosphomonoester phosphohydrolase. In HPP, the natural substrates of TNSALP accumulate extracellularly and include inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a potent inhibitor of biomineralization. This PPi excess leads to rickets or osteomalacia in all but the most mild "odonto" form of the disease. Adults with HPP understandably often also manifest calcium PPi dihydrate deposition, whereas enthesopathy and calcific periarthritis from hydroxyapatite (HA) crystal deposition can seem paradoxical in face of the defective skeletal mineralization. In 2015, asfotase alfa (AA), a HA-targeted TNSALP, was approved multinationally as an enzyme replacement therapy for HPP. AA hydrolyzes extracellular PPi (ePPi) and in HPP enables HA crystals to grow and mineralize skeletal matrix. In direct contrast to HPP, deficiency of ePPi characterizes the inborn-errors-of-metabolism generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) and pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). In GACI and PXE, deficiency of ePPi leads to ectopic mineralization including vascular calcification (VC). Therefore, in HPP, ectopic mineralization including VC could hypothetically result from, or be exacerbated by, the persistently high circulating TNSALP activity that occurs during AA treatment. Herein, using a routine computed tomography (CT) method to quantitate coronary artery calcium, we found no ectopic mineralization in the heart of an elderly woman with HPP before or after 8 months of AA treatment. Subsequently, investigational high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry showed absence of peripheral artery and aortic calcium after further AA treatment. Investigation of additional adults with HPP could reveal if the superabundance of ePPi protects against VC, and whether long-term AA therapy causes or exacerbates any ectopic mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Whyte
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - William H McAlister
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Steven Mumm
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Andrew J Bierhals
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Jeong G, Kwon DH, Shin S, Choe N, Ryu J, Lim YH, Kim J, Park WJ, Kook H, Kim YK. Long noncoding RNAs in vascular smooth muscle cells regulate vascular calcification. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5848. [PMID: 30971745 PMCID: PMC6458154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is characterized by the accumulation of hydroxyapatite crystals, which is a result of aberrant mineral metabolism. Although many clinical studies have reported its adverse effects on cardiovascular morbidity, the molecular mechanism of vascular calcification, especially the involvement of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), is not yet reported. From the transcriptomic analysis, we discovered hundreds of lncRNAs differentially expressed in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) treated with inorganic phosphate, which mimics vascular calcification. We focused on Lrrc75a-as1 and elucidated its transcript structure and confirmed its cytoplasmic localization. Our results showed that calcium deposition was elevated after knockdown of Lrrc75a-as1, while its overexpression inhibited calcium accumulation in A10 cells. In addition, Lrrc75a-as1 attenuated VSMCs calcification by decreasing the expression of osteoblast-related factors. These findings suggest that Lrrc75a-as1 acts as a negative regulator of vascular calcification, and may serve as a possible therapeutic target in vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon Jeong
- Basic Research Laboratory for Cardiac Remodeling Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, 58128, Republic of Korea.,Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Hwa Kwon
- Basic Research Laboratory for Cardiac Remodeling Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Sera Shin
- Basic Research Laboratory for Cardiac Remodeling Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Choe
- Basic Research Laboratory for Cardiac Remodeling Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Ryu
- Basic Research Laboratory for Cardiac Remodeling Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, 58128, Republic of Korea.,Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, 58128, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Hwan Lim
- Basic Research Laboratory for Cardiac Remodeling Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, 58128, Republic of Korea.,Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaetaek Kim
- Basic Research Laboratory for Cardiac Remodeling Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jin Park
- Basic Research Laboratory for Cardiac Remodeling Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.,College of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kook
- Basic Research Laboratory for Cardiac Remodeling Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, 58128, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, 58128, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Kook Kim
- Basic Research Laboratory for Cardiac Remodeling Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, 58128, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, 58128, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Silaghi CN, Fodor D, Gheorghe SR, Crăciun AM. Serum total matrix Gla protein: Reference interval in healthy adults and variations in patients with vascular and osteoarticular diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 490:128-134. [PMID: 30597137 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix Gla protein (MGP) species are inhibitors of ectopic calcification in vascular diseases (VD) and osteoarticular diseases (OD). Among the MGP assays, we aimed to establish the reference interval for serum total MGP (tMGP) in healthy adults, the variation in patients with VD and OD and the associations with common cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS We enrolled n = 124 healthy subjects and n = 95 patients with VD and OD in a small cross-sectional study. Serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tMGP, glucose and lipid profile was measured. RESULTS We established the reference interval for tMGP as 6-108 μg/L in healthy adults, the population under 40 having higher tMGP levels than those over 40 (61 ± 28, 51 ± 22 μg/L, p < 0.05). In healthy participants, tMGP was associated with smoking (β = 0.303, p = 0.001), age under 40 (β = -0.201, p = 0.032) and marginally with hs-CRP (β = -0.165, p = 0.08). In multivariate regression models, the association between smoking and tMGP was preserved even after adjusting for age under 40 and hs-CRP (β = 0.267, p = 0.005). The healthy population over 40 had lower tMGP levels than patients with OD and VD (51 ± 22, 90 ± 26, 106 ± 30 μg/L, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Higher tMGP levels could identify patients with VD and OD, being also associated with smoking in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian N Silaghi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Daniela Fodor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona R Gheorghe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra M Crăciun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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27
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Hobson S, Arefin S, Kublickiene K, Shiels PG, Stenvinkel P. Senescent Cells in Early Vascular Ageing and Bone Disease of Chronic Kidney Disease-A Novel Target for Treatment. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11020082. [PMID: 30717151 PMCID: PMC6409791 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Together with bone-mineral disorders, premature vascular ageing is a common feature of the uremic phenotype. A detailed understanding of mechanisms involved remains unclear and warrants further research. Available treatment options for end stage renal disease are principally dialysis and organ transplantation, as other treatment alternatives have proven insufficient. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been proposed as a model of early vascular and bone ageing, with accumulating evidence supporting the contribution of cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) to cardiovascular pathology in CKD. Correspondingly, novel therapies based around the use of senolytic compounds and nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) agonists, have been suggested as attractive novel treatment options. In this review, we detail the contribution of the uremic environment to these processes underpinning ageing and how these relate to vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Hobson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Samsul Arefin
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Paul G Shiels
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
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28
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Shi YC, Lu WW, Hou YL, Fu K, Gan F, Cheng SJ, Wang SP, Qi YF, Liu JH. Protection Effect of Exogenous Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 on the Kidney Injury in Vascular Calcification Rats. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:532-538. [PMID: 29483386 PMCID: PMC5850668 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.226065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is closely related to the cardiovascular events in vascular calcification (VC). However, little has known about the characteristics of kidney injury caused by VC. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an endocrine factor, which takes part in various metabolic actions with the potential to alleviate metabolic disorder diseases. Even FGF21 has been regarded as a biomarker in CKD, the role of FGF21 in CKD remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we evaluate the FGF21 on the kidney injury in VC rats. Methods: The male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: (1) control group, (2) Vitamin D3 plus nicotine (VDN)-induced VC group, (3) FGF21-treated VDN group. After 4 weeks, the rats were killed and the blood was collected for serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, calcium, and phosphate measurement. Moreover, the renal tissues were homogenized for alkaline phosphatases (ALPs) activity and calcium content. The levels of FGF21 protein were measured by radioimmunoassay. The levels of β-Klotho and FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) protein were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The structural damage and calcifications in aortas were stained by Alizarin-red S. Moreover, the structure of kidney was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: The renal function impairment caused by VDN modeling was ameliorated by FGF21 treatment, inhibited the elevated serum creatinine and urea level by 20.5% (34.750 ± 4.334 μmol/L vs. 27.630 ± 2.387 μmol/L) and 4.0% (7.038 ± 0.590 mmol/L vs. 6.763 ± 0.374 mmol/L; P < 0.01), respectively, together with the structural damages of glomerular atrophy and renal interstitial fibrosis. FGF21 treatment downregulated the ALP activity, calcium content in the kidney of VC rats by 42.1% (P < 0.01) and 11.7% (P < 0.05) as well as ameliorated the aortic injury and calcification as compared with VDN treatment alone group, indicating an ameliorative effect on VC. ELISA assays showed that the expression of β-Klotho, a component of FGF21 receptor system, was increased in VDN-treated VC rats by 37.4% (6.588 ± 0.957 pg/mg vs. 9.054 ± 0.963 pg/mg; P < 0.01), indicating an FGF21-resistant state. Moreover, FGF21 treatment downregulated the level of β-Klotho in renal tissue by 16.7% (9.054 ± 0.963 pg/mg vs. 7.544 ± 1.362 pg/mg; P < 0.05). However, the level of FGFR1, the receptor of FGF21, kept unchanged under VDN and VDN plus FGF21 administration (0.191 ± 0.0376 ng/mg vs. 0.189 ± 0.032 ng/mg vs. 0.181 ± 0.034 ng/mg; P > 0.05). Conclusions: In the present study, FGF21 was observed to ameliorate the kidney injury in VDN-induced VC rats. FGF21 might be a potential therapeutic factor in CKD by cutting off the vicious circle between VC and kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wei-Wei Lu
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yue-Long Hou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kun Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Feng Gan
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Shu-Juan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Shao-Ping Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Yong-Fen Qi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing-Hua Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing 100076, China
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