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Leonardo C, Yang SJ, Orcutt K, Iwai M, Arsenault EA, Fleming GR. Bidirectional Energy Flow in the Photosystem II Supercomplex. J Phys Chem B 2024. [PMID: 39140159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c02508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The water-splitting capability of Photosystem II (PSII) of plants and green algae requires the system to balance efficient light harvesting along with effective photoprotection against excitation in excess of the photosynthetic capacity, particularly under the naturally fluctuating sunlight intensity. The comparatively flat energy landscape of the multicomponent structure, inferred from the spectra of the individual pigment-protein complexes and the rather narrow and featureless absorption spectrum, is well known. However, how the combination of the required functions emerges from the interactions among the multiple components of the PSII supercomplex (PSII-SC) cannot be inferred from the individual pigment-protein complexes. In this work, we investigate the energy transfer dynamics of the C2S2-type PSII-SC with a combined spectroscopic and modeling approach. Specifically, two-dimensional electronic-vibrational (2DEV) spectroscopy provides enhanced spectral resolution and the ability to map energy evolution in real space, while the quantum dynamical simulation allows complete kinetic modeling of the 210 chromophores. We demonstrate that additional pathways emerge within the supercomplex. In particular, we show that excitation energy can leave the vicinity of the charge separation components, the reaction center (RC), faster than it can transfer to it. This enables activatable quenching centers in the periphery of the PSII-SC to be effective in removing excessive energy in cases of overexcitation. Overall, we provide a quantitative description of how the seemingly contradictory functions of PSII-SC arise from the combination of its individual components. This provides a fundamental understanding that will allow further improvement of artificial solar energy devices and bioengineering processes for increasing crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Leonardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Shiun-Jr Yang
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berekeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kaydren Orcutt
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berekeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Masakazu Iwai
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berekeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eric A Arsenault
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berekeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Graham R Fleming
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berekeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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2
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Holweg MMSF, Kaiser E, Kappers IF, Heuvelink E, Marcelis LFM. The role of red and white light in optimizing growth and accumulation of plant specialized metabolites at two light intensities in medical cannabis ( Cannabis sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1393803. [PMID: 38957608 PMCID: PMC11217568 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1393803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The cultivation of medical cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) is expanding in controlled environments, driven by evolving governmental regulations for healthcare supply. Increasing inflorescence weight and plant specialized metabolite (PSM) concentrations is critical, alongside maintaining product consistency. Medical cannabis is grown under different spectra and photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD), the interaction between spectrum and PPFD on inflorescence weight and PSM attracts attention by both industrialists and scientists. Plants were grown in climate-controlled rooms without solar light, where four spectra were applied: two low-white spectra (7B-20G-73R/Narrow and 6B-19G-75R/2Peaks), and two high-white (15B-42G-43R/Narrow and 17B-40G-43R/Broad) spectra. The low-white spectra differed in red wavelength peaks (100% 660 nm, versus 50:50% of 640:660 nm), the high-white spectra differed in spectrum broadness. All four spectra were applied at 600 and 1200 μmol m-2 s-1. Irrespective of PPFD, white light with a dual red peak of 640 and 660 nm (6B-19G-75R/2Peaks) increased inflorescence weight, compared to white light with a single red peak of 660 nm (7B-20G-73R/Narrow) (tested at P = 0.1); this was associated with higher total plant dry matter production and a more open plant architecture, which likely enhanced light capture. At high PPFD, increasing white fraction and spectrum broadness (17B-40G-43R/Broad) produced similar inflorescence weights compared to white light with a dual red peak of 640 and 660 nm (6B-19G-75R/2Peaks). This was caused by an increase of both plant dry matter production and dry matter partitioning to the inflorescences. No spectrum or PPFD effects on cannabinoid concentrations were observed, although at high PPFD white light with a dual red peak of 640 and 660 nm (6B-19G-75R/2Peaks) increased terpenoid concentrations compared to the other spectra. At low PPFD, the combination of white light with 640 and 660 nm increased photosynthetic efficiency compared with white light with a single red peak of 660nm, indicating potential benefits in light use efficiency and promoting plant dry matter production. These results indicate that the interaction between spectrum and PPFD influences plant dry matter production. Dividing the light energy in the red waveband over both 640 and 660 nm equally shows potential in enhancing photosynthesis and plant dry matter production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elias Kaiser
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Iris F. Kappers
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ep Heuvelink
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Leo F. M. Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
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3
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Akhtar P, Feng Y, Jana S, Wang W, Shen JR, Tan HS, Lambrev PH. Ultrafast Energy Transfer in a Diatom Photosystem II Supercomplex. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5838-5847. [PMID: 38788163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) of diatoms, specifically fucoxanthin-Chl a/c binding proteins (FCPs), exhibit structural and functional diversity, as highlighted by recent structural studies of photosystem II-FCP (PSII-FCPII) supercomplexes from different diatom species. The excitation dynamics of PSII-FCPII supercomplexes isolated from the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana was explored using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy at room temperature and 77 K. Energy transfer between FCPII and PSII occurred remarkably fast (<5 ps), emphasizing the efficiency of FCPII as a light-harvesting antenna. The presence of long-wavelength chlorophylls may further help concentrate excitations in the core complex and increase the efficiency of light harvesting. Structure-based calculations reveal remarkably strong excitonic couplings between chlorophylls in the FCP antenna and between FCP and the PSII core antenna that are the basis for the rapid energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Akhtar
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári körút 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Yue Feng
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Sanjib Jana
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Wenda Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Howe-Siang Tan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Petar H Lambrev
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári körút 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
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4
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Nguyen HL, Do TN, Zhong K, Akhtar P, Jansen TLC, Knoester J, Caffarri S, Lambrev P, Tan HS. Inter-subunit energy transfer processes in a minimal plant photosystem II supercomplex. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadh0911. [PMID: 38394196 PMCID: PMC10889429 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is an integral part of the photosynthesis machinery, in which several light-harvesting complexes rely on inter-complex excitonic energy transfer (EET) processes to channel energy to the reaction center. In this paper, we report on a direct observation of the inter-complex EET in a minimal PSII supercomplex from plants, containing the trimeric light-harvesting complex II (LHCII), the monomeric light-harvesting complex CP26, and the monomeric PSII core complex. Using two-dimensional (2D) electronic spectroscopy, we measure an inter-complex EET timescale of 50 picoseconds for excitations from the LHCII-CP26 peripheral antenna to the PSII core. The 2D electronic spectra also reveal that the transfer timescale is nearly constant over the pump spectrum of 600 to 700 nanometers. Structure-based calculations reveal the contribution of each antenna complex to the measured inter-complex EET time. These results provide a step in elucidating the full inter-complex energy transfer network of the PSII machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Long Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Thanh Nhut Do
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Kai Zhong
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Parveen Akhtar
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Nonprofit Limited, Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged 6728, Hungary
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári körút 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Thomas L. C. Jansen
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jasper Knoester
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
- Faculty of Science, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Stefano Caffarri
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, LGBP, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Petar Lambrev
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári körút 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Howe-Siang Tan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
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5
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Liu X, Nawrocki WJ, Croce R. The role of the pigment-protein complex LHCBM1 in nonphotochemical quenching in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:936-944. [PMID: 37847042 PMCID: PMC10828212 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) is the process that protects photosynthetic organisms from photodamage by dissipating the energy absorbed in excess as heat. In the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, NPQ is abolished in the knock-out mutants of the pigment-protein complexes LHCSR3 and LHCBM1. However, while LHCSR3 is a pH sensor and switches to a quenched conformation at low pH, the role of LHCBM1 in NPQ has not been elucidated yet. In this work, we combined biochemical and physiological measurements to study short-term high-light acclimation of npq5, the mutant lacking LHCBM1. In low light in the absence of this complex, the antenna size of PSII was smaller than in its presence; this effect was marginal in high light (HL), implying that a reduction of the antenna was not responsible for the low NPQ. The mutant expressed LHCSR3 at the wild-type level in HL, indicating that the absence of this complex is also not the reason. Finally, NPQ remained low in the mutant even when the pH was artificially lowered to values that can switch LHCSR3 to the quenched conformation. We concluded that both LHCSR3 and LHCBM1 are required for the induction of NPQ and that LHCBM1 is the interacting partner of LHCSR3. This interaction can either enhance the quenching capacity of LHCSR3 or connect this complex with the PSII supercomplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wojciech J Nawrocki
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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6
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Cook RL, Ko L, Whaley KB. A quantum trajectory picture of single photon absorption and energy transport in photosystem II. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:134108. [PMID: 37795784 DOI: 10.1063/5.0168631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We use quantum trajectory theory to study the dynamics of the first step in photosynthesis for a single photon interacting with photosystem II (PSII). By considering individual trajectories we are able to look beyond the ensemble average dynamics to compute the PSII system evolution conditioned upon individual photon counting measurements. Measurements of the transmitted photon beam strongly affects the system state, since detection of an outgoing photon confirms that the PSII must be in the electronic ground state, while a null measurement implies it is in an excited electronic state. We show that under ideal conditions, observing the null result transforms a state with a low excited state population to a state with nearly all population contained in the excited states. We study the PSII dynamics conditioned on such photon counting for both a pure excitonic model of PSII and a more realistic model with exciton-phonon coupling to a dissipative phononic environment. In the absence of such coupling, we show that the measured fluorescence rates show oscillations constituting a photon-counting witness of excitonic coherence. Excitonic coupling to the phonon environment has a strong effect on the observed rates of fluorescence, damping the oscillations. Addition of non-radiative decay and incoherent transitions to radical pair states in the reaction center to the phononic model allows extraction of a quantum efficiency of 92.5% from the long-time evolution, consistent with bulk experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Liwen Ko
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Birgitta Whaley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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7
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Garab G, Magyar M, Sipka G, Lambrev PH. New foundations for the physical mechanism of variable chlorophyll a fluorescence. Quantum efficiency versus the light-adapted state of photosystem II. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5458-5471. [PMID: 37410874 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) uses solar energy to oxidize water and delivers electrons to fix CO2. Although the structure at atomic resolution and the basic photophysical and photochemical functions of PSII are well understood, many important questions remain. The activity of PSII in vitro and in vivo is routinely monitored by recording the induction kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF). According to the 'mainstream' model, the rise from the minimum level (Fo) to the maximum (Fm) of ChlF of dark-adapted PSII reflects the closure of all functionally active reaction centers, and the Fv/Fm ratio is equated with the maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII (where Fv=Fm-Fo). However, this model has never been free of controversies. Recent experimental data from a number of studies have confirmed that the first single-turnover saturating flash (STSF), which generates the closed state (PSIIC), produces F1
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Affiliation(s)
- Győző Garab
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Melinda Magyar
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Sipka
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petar H Lambrev
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
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8
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Caspy I, Fadeeva M, Mazor Y, Nelson N. Structure of Dunaliella photosystem II reveals conformational flexibility of stacked and unstacked supercomplexes. eLife 2023; 12:e81150. [PMID: 36799903 PMCID: PMC9949808 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) generates an oxidant whose redox potential is high enough to enable water oxidation , a substrate so abundant that it assures a practically unlimited electron source for life on earth . Our knowledge on the mechanism of water photooxidation was greatly advanced by high-resolution structures of prokaryotic PSII . Here, we show high-resolution cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of eukaryotic PSII from the green alga Dunaliella salina at two distinct conformations. The conformers are also present in stacked PSII, exhibiting flexibility that may be relevant to the grana formation in chloroplasts of the green lineage. CP29, one of PSII associated light-harvesting antennae, plays a major role in distinguishing the two conformations of the supercomplex. We also show that the stacked PSII dimer, a form suggested to support the organisation of thylakoid membranes , can appear in many different orientations providing a flexible stacking mechanism for the arrangement of grana stacks in thylakoids. Our findings provide a structural basis for the heterogenous nature of the eukaryotic PSII on multiple levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Caspy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Maria Fadeeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Yuval Mazor
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
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9
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Zhong K, Nguyen HL, Do TN, Tan HS, Knoester J, Jansen TLC. An efficient time-domain implementation of the multichromophoric Förster resonant energy transfer method. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:064103. [PMID: 36792497 DOI: 10.1063/5.0136652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The excitation energy transfer (EET) process for photosynthetic antenna complexes consisting of subunits, each comprised of multiple chromophores, remains challenging to describe. The multichromophoric Förster resonance energy transfer theory is a popular method to describe the EET process in such systems. This paper presents a new time-domain method for calculating energy transfer based on the combination of multichromophoric Förster resonance energy transfer theory and the Numerical Integration of the Schrödinger Equation method. After validating the method on simple model systems, we apply it to the Light-Harvesting antenna 2 (LH2) complex, a light harvesting antenna found in purple bacteria. We use a simple model combining the overdamped Brownian oscillators to describe the dynamic disorder originating from the environmental fluctuations and the transition charge from the electrostatic potential coupling model to determine the interactions between chromophores. We demonstrate that with this model, both the calculated spectra and the EET rates between the two rings within the LH2 complex agree well with experimental results. We further find that the transfer between the strongly coupled rings of neighboring LH2 complexes can also be well described with our method. We conclude that our new method accurately describes the EET rate for biologically relevant multichromophoric systems, which are similar to the LH2 complex. Computationally, the new method is very tractable, especially for slow processes. We foresee that the method can be applied to efficiently calculate transfer in artificial systems as well and may pave the way for calculating multidimensional spectra of extensive multichromophoric systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhong
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hoang Long Nguyen
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thanh Nhut Do
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Howe-Siang Tan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Jasper Knoester
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas L C Jansen
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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10
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Chouhan N, Yadav RM, Pandey J, Subramanyam R. High light-induced changes in thylakoid supercomplexes organization from cyclic electron transport mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2023; 1864:148917. [PMID: 36108725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The localization of carotenoids and macromolecular organization of thylakoid supercomplexes have not been reported yet in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii WT and cyclic electron transport mutants (pgrl1 and pgr5) under high light. Here, the various pigments, protein composition, and pigment-protein interactions were analyzed from the cells, thylakoids, and sucrose density gradient (SDG) fractions. Also, the supercomplexes of thylakoids were separated from BN-PAGE and SDG. The abundance of light-harvesting complex (LHC) II trimer complexes and pigment-pigment interaction were changed slightly under high light, shown by circular dichroism. However, a drastic change was seen in photosystem (PS)I-LHCI complexes than PSII complexes, especially in pgrl1 and pgr5. The lutein and β-carotene increased under high light in LHCII trimers compared to other supercomplexes, indicating that these pigments protected the LHCII trimers against high light. However, the presence of xanthophylls, lutein, and β-carotene was less in PSI-LHCI, indicating that pigment-protein complexes altered in high light. Even the real-time PCR data shows that the pgr5 mutant does not accumulate zeaxanthin dependent genes under high light, which shows that violaxanthin is not converting into zeaxanthin under high light. Also, the protein data confirms that the LHCSR3 expression is absent in pgr5, however it is presented in LHCII trimer in WT and pgrl1. Interestingly, some of the core proteins were aggregated in pgr5, which led to change in photosynthesis efficiency in high light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Chouhan
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Ranay Mohan Yadav
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Jayendra Pandey
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Rajagopal Subramanyam
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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11
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Kim E, Kubota-Kawai H, Kawai F, Yokono M, Minagawa J. Conformation of Light-Harvesting Complex II Trimer Depends upon Its Binding Site. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:5855-5865. [PMID: 35920883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) trimer in plants functions as a major antenna complex and a quencher to protect it from photooxidative damage. Theoretical studies on the structure of an LHCII trimer have demonstrated that excitation energy transfer between chlorophylls (Chls) in LHCII can be modulated by its exquisite conformational fluctuation. However, conformational changes depending on its binding location have not yet been investigated, even though reorganization of protein complexes occurs by physiological regulations. In this study, we investigated conformational differences in LHCII by comparing published structures of an identical LHCII trimer in the three different photosystem supercomplexes from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Our results revealed distinct differences in Chl configurations as well as polypeptide conformations of the LHCII trimers depending on its binding location. We propose that these configurational differences readily modulate the function of LHCII and possibly lead to a change in excitation-energy flow over the photosynthetic supercomplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunchul Kim
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | | | - Fumihiro Kawai
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Makio Yokono
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Jun Minagawa
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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12
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Arshad R, Saccon F, Bag P, Biswas A, Calvaruso C, Bhatti AF, Grebe S, Mascoli V, Mahbub M, Muzzopappa F, Polyzois A, Schiphorst C, Sorrentino M, Streckaité S, van Amerongen H, Aro EM, Bassi R, Boekema EJ, Croce R, Dekker J, van Grondelle R, Jansson S, Kirilovsky D, Kouřil R, Michel S, Mullineaux CW, Panzarová K, Robert B, Ruban AV, van Stokkum I, Wientjes E, Büchel C. A kaleidoscope of photosynthetic antenna proteins and their emerging roles. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1204-1219. [PMID: 35512089 PMCID: PMC9237682 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic light-harvesting antennae are pigment-binding proteins that perform one of the most fundamental tasks on Earth, capturing light and transferring energy that enables life in our biosphere. Adaptation to different light environments led to the evolution of an astonishing diversity of light-harvesting systems. At the same time, several strategies have been developed to optimize the light energy input into photosynthetic membranes in response to fluctuating conditions. The basic feature of these prompt responses is the dynamic nature of antenna complexes, whose function readily adapts to the light available. High-resolution microscopy and spectroscopic studies on membrane dynamics demonstrate the crosstalk between antennae and other thylakoid membrane components. With the increased understanding of light-harvesting mechanisms and their regulation, efforts are focusing on the development of sustainable processes for effective conversion of sunlight into functional bio-products. The major challenge in this approach lies in the application of fundamental discoveries in light-harvesting systems for the improvement of plant or algal photosynthesis. Here, we underline some of the latest fundamental discoveries on the molecular mechanisms and regulation of light harvesting that can potentially be exploited for the optimization of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameez Arshad
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
- Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Saccon
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Pushan Bag
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Avratanu Biswas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Claudio Calvaruso
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Ahmad Farhan Bhatti
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Steffen Grebe
- Department of Life Technologies, MolecularPlant Biology, University of Turku, Turku FI–20520, Finland
| | - Vincenzo Mascoli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Moontaha Mahbub
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Botany, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Fernando Muzzopappa
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette 1198, France
| | - Alexandros Polyzois
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, CiTCoM UMR 8038 CNRS, Paris 75006, France
| | | | - Mirella Sorrentino
- Photon Systems Instruments, spol. s.r.o., Drásov, Czech Republic
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Simona Streckaité
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette 1198, France
| | | | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Department of Life Technologies, MolecularPlant Biology, University of Turku, Turku FI–20520, Finland
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Egbert J Boekema
- Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Dekker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Jansson
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Diana Kirilovsky
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette 1198, France
| | - Roman Kouřil
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Sylvie Michel
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, CiTCoM UMR 8038 CNRS, Paris 75006, France
| | - Conrad W Mullineaux
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Klára Panzarová
- Photon Systems Instruments, spol. s.r.o., Drásov, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno Robert
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette 1198, France
| | - Alexander V Ruban
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ivo van Stokkum
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Emilie Wientjes
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia Büchel
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
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13
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Do TN, Nguyen HL, Akhtar P, Zhong K, Jansen TLC, Knoester J, Caffarri S, Lambrev PH, Tan HS. Ultrafast Excitation Energy Transfer Dynamics in the LHCII-CP29-CP24 Subdomain of Plant Photosystem II. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4263-4271. [PMID: 35522529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We measure the two-dimensional electronic spectra of the LHCII(M)-CP29-CP24 complex in photosystem II (PSII) and provide the first study of the ultrafast excitation energy transfer (EET) processes of an asymmetric and native light-harvesting assembly of the antenna of PSII. With comparisons to LHCII, we observe faster energy equilibrations in the intermediate levels of the LHCII(M)-CP29-CP24 complex at 662 and 670 nm. Notably, the putative "bottleneck" states in LHCII exhibit faster effective dynamics in the LHCII(M)-CP24-CP29 complex, with the average lifetime shortening from 2.5 ps in LHCII to 1.2 ps in the bigger assembly. The observations are supported by high-level structure-based calculations, and the accelerated dynamics can be attributed to the structural change of LHCII(M) in the bigger complex. This study shows that the biological functioning structures of the complexes are important to understand the overall EET dynamics of the PSII supercomplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Nhut Do
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Hoang Long Nguyen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Parveen Akhtar
- Biological Research Center, Szeged, Temesvári körút 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Nonprofit Limited, Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged 6728, Hungary
| | - Kai Zhong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Thomas L C Jansen
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jasper Knoester
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Stefano Caffarri
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, LGBP, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Petar H Lambrev
- Biological Research Center, Szeged, Temesvári körút 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Howe-Siang Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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14
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Do TN, Nguyen HL, Caffarri S, Tan HS. Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy of the Q x to Q y relaxation of chlorophylls a in photosystem II core complex. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:145102. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0079500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy, we measured the Qx to Qy transfer dynamics of the chlorophyll a (Chl a) manifold in the photosystem II (PSII) monomeric core complex from Arabidopsis thaliana. A PSII monomeric core consists of 35 Chls a and no Chl b, thus allowing for a clear window to study Chl a Qx dynamics in a large pigment-protein complex. Initial excitation in the Qx band results in a transfer to the Qy band in less than 60 fs. Upon the ultrafast transfer, regardless of the excitation frequency within the Qx band, the quasi-transient absorption spectra are very similar. This observation indicates that Chl a’s Qx to Qy transfer is not frequency selective. Using a simple model, we determined that this is not due to the lifetime broadening of the ultrafast transfer but predominantly due to a lack of correlation between the PSII core complex’s Chl a Qx and Qy bands. We suggest the origin to be the intrinsic loss of correlation during the Qx to Qy internal conversion as observed in previous studies of molecular Chl a dissolved in solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Nhut Do
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Hoang Long Nguyen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Stefano Caffarri
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, LGBP Team, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Howe-Siang Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
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15
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Nagao R, Yokono M, Kato KH, Ueno Y, Shen JR, Akimoto S. High-light modification of excitation-energy-relaxation processes in the green flagellate Euglena gracilis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 149:303-311. [PMID: 34037905 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00849-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms finely tune their photosynthetic machinery including pigment compositions and antenna systems to adapt to various light environments. However, it is poorly understood how the photosynthetic machinery in the green flagellate Euglena gracilis is modified under high-light conditions. In this study, we examined high-light modification of excitation-energy-relaxation processes in Euglena cells. Oxygen-evolving activity in the cells incubated at 300 µmol photons m-2 s-1 (HL cells) cannot be detected, reflecting severe photodamage to photosystem II (PSII) in vivo. Pigment compositions in the HL cells showed relative increases in 9'-cis-neoxanthin, diadinoxanthin, and chlorophyll b compared with the cells incubated at 30 µmol photons m-2 s-1 (LL cells). Absolute fluorescence spectra at 77 K exhibit smaller intensities of the PSII and photosystem I (PSI) fluorescence in the HL cells than in the LL cells. Absolute fluorescence decay-associated spectra at 77 K of the HL cells indicate suppression of excitation-energy transfer from light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) to both PSI and PSII with the time constant of 40 ps. Rapid energy quenching in LHCs and PSII in the HL cells is distinctly observed by averaged Chl-fluorescence lifetimes. These findings suggest that Euglena modifies excitation-energy-relaxation processes in addition to pigment compositions to deal with excess energy. These results provide insights into the photoprotection strategies of this alga under high-light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nagao
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Makio Yokono
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Ka-Ho Kato
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.
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16
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Sipka G, Magyar M, Mezzetti A, Akhtar P, Zhu Q, Xiao Y, Han G, Santabarbara S, Shen JR, Lambrev PH, Garab G. Light-adapted charge-separated state of photosystem II: structural and functional dynamics of the closed reaction center. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:1286-1302. [PMID: 33793891 PMCID: PMC8225241 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) uses solar energy to oxidize water and delivers electrons for life on Earth. The photochemical reaction center of PSII is known to possess two stationary states. In the open state (PSIIO), the absorption of a single photon triggers electron-transfer steps, which convert PSII into the charge-separated closed state (PSIIC). Here, by using steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques on Spinacia oleracea and Thermosynechococcus vulcanus preparations, we show that additional illumination gradually transforms PSIIC into a light-adapted charge-separated state (PSIIL). The PSIIC-to-PSIIL transition, observed at all temperatures between 80 and 308 K, is responsible for a large part of the variable chlorophyll-a fluorescence (Fv) and is associated with subtle, dark-reversible reorganizations in the core complexes, protein conformational changes at noncryogenic temperatures, and marked variations in the rates of photochemical and photophysical reactions. The build-up of PSIIL requires a series of light-induced events generating rapidly recombining primary radical pairs, spaced by sufficient waiting times between these events-pointing to the roles of local electric-field transients and dielectric relaxation processes. We show that the maximum fluorescence level, Fm, is associated with PSIIL rather than with PSIIC, and thus the Fv/Fm parameter cannot be equated with the quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry. Our findings resolve the controversies and explain the peculiar features of chlorophyll-a fluorescence kinetics, a tool to monitor the functional activity and the structural-functional plasticity of PSII in different wild-types and mutant organisms and under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G�bor Sipka
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Melinda Magyar
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alberto Mezzetti
- Universit� Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC) 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Laboratoire de R�activit� de Surface UMR 7197, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Parveen Akhtar
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Qingjun Zhu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Xiao
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangye Han
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Stefano Santabarbara
- Photosynthetic Research Unit, Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, Milano, Italy
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Petar H Lambrev
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Author for correspondence: (G.G.), (P.H.L.)
| | - Győző Garab
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Author for correspondence: (G.G.), (P.H.L.)
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17
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Reinot T, Jassas M, Kell A, Casazza AP, Santabarbara S, Jankowiak R. On wavelength-dependent exciton lifetime distributions in reconstituted CP29 antenna of the photosystem II and its site-directed mutants. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:085101. [PMID: 33639775 DOI: 10.1063/5.0038217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To provide more insight into the excitonic structure and exciton lifetimes of the wild type (WT) CP29 complex of photosystem II, we measured high-resolution (low temperature) absorption, emission, and hole burned spectra for the A2 and B3 mutants, which lack chlorophylls a612 and b614 (Chls), respectively. Experimental and modeling results obtained for the WT CP29 and A2/B3 mutants provide new insight on the mutation-induced changes at the molecular level and shed more light on energy transfer dynamics. Simulations of the A2 and B3 optical spectra, using the second-order non-Markovian theory, and comparison with improved fits of WT CP29 optical spectra provide more insight into their excitonic structure, mutation induced changes, and frequency-dependent distributions of exciton lifetimes (T1). A new Hamiltonian obtained for WT CP29 reveals that deletion of Chls a612 or b614 induces changes in the site energies of all remaining Chls. Hamiltonians obtained for A2 and B3 mutants are discussed in the context of the energy landscape of chlorophylls, excitonic structure, and transfer kinetics. Our data suggest that the lowest exciton states in A2 and B3 mutants are contributed by a611(57%), a610(17%), a615(15%) and a615(58%), a611(20%), a612(15%) Chls, respectively, although other compositions of lowest energy states are also discussed. Finally, we argue that the calculated exciton decay times are consistent with both the hole-burning and recent transient absorption measurements. Wavelength-dependent T1 distributions offer more insight into the interpretation of kinetic traces commonly described by discrete exponentials in global analysis/global fitting of transient absorption experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonu Reinot
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Mahboobe Jassas
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Adam Kell
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Anna Paola Casazza
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, C.N.R., Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Santabarbara
- Photosynthesis Research Unit, Centro Studi sulla Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare delle Piante, C.N.R., Milano, Italy
| | - Ryszard Jankowiak
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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18
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Wang X, Wang Y, Ling A, Guo Z, Asim M, Song F, Wang Q, Sun Y, Khan R, Yan H, Shi Y. Rationale: Photosynthesis of Vascular Plants in Dim Light. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:573881. [PMID: 33329633 PMCID: PMC7732443 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.573881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Light dominates the earth's climate and ecosystems via photosynthesis, and fine changes of that might cause extensive material and energy alternation. Dim light (typically less than 5 μmol photons m-2 s-1) occurs widely in terrestrial ecosystems, while the frequency, duration, and extent of that are increasing because of climate change and urbanization. Dim light is important for the microorganism in the photosynthetic process, but omitted or unconsidered in the vascular plant, because the photosynthesis in the high-light adapted vascular leaves was almost impossible. In this review, we propose limitations of photosynthesis in vascular plant leaves, then elucidate the possibility and evidence of photosynthesis in terms of energy demand, stomatal opening, photosynthetic induction, and photosynthesis-related physiological processes in dim light. This article highlights the potential and noteworthy influence of dim light on photosynthesis in vascular plant leaves, and the research gap of dim light in model application and carbon accounting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Liangshan Branch of Sichuan Tobacco Company, Xichang, Qingdao, China
| | - Aifeng Ling
- Liangshan Branch of Sichuan Tobacco Company, Xichang, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Muhammad Asim
- Tobacco Research Institute, of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fupeng Song
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Tropical Crop, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yanguo Sun
- Tobacco Research Institute, of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Rayyan Khan
- Tobacco Research Institute, of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Huifeng Yan
- Tobacco Research Institute, of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Tobacco Research Institute, of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
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19
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Croce R. Beyond 'seeing is believing': the antenna size of the photosystems in vivo. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:1214-1218. [PMID: 32562266 PMCID: PMC7689736 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photosystems I and II are the central components of the solar energy conversion machinery in oxygenic photosynthesis. They are large functional units embedded in the photosynthetic membranes, where they harvest light and use its energy to drive electrons from water to NADPH. Their composition and organization change in response to different environmental conditions, making these complexes dynamic units. Some of the interactions between subunits survive purification, resulting in the well-defined structures that were recently resolved by cryo-electron microscopy. Other interactions instead are weak, preventing the possibility of isolating and thus studying these complexes in vitro. This review focuses on these supercomplexes of vascular plants, which at the moment cannot be 'seen' but that represent functional units in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Croce
- Biophysics of PhotosynthesisDepartment of Physics and AstronomyFaculty of ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 1083Amsterdam1081 HVthe Netherlands
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20
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Tian L. Entropy provides an unexpected shield in photosynthesis. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14546-14547. [PMID: 33097645 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.h120.016039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular plants combat the excess photon bombarding of high-light conditions with several protective mechanisms. Despite decades of extensive research, new regulatory mech-anisms for photoprotection may remain unknown. Kim et al now report that the monomeric disordered form of photosystem II (PSII), which is present in higher abundance in the native thylakoid membrane in response to high light, possesses an energy-quenching capability superior to that of the multimeric ordered phase, suggesting a new shielding strategy against high-light stress by altering the macro-organization of PSII supercomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijin Tian
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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21
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Molecular organizations and function of iron-stress-induced-A protein family in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1862:148327. [PMID: 33069682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Iron-stress-induced-A proteins (IsiAs) are expressed in cyanobacteria under iron-deficient conditions, and surround photosystem I (PSI) trimer with a ring formation. A cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 has four isiA genes; however, it is unknown how the IsiAs are associated with PSI. Here we report on molecular organizations and function of the IsiAs in this cyanobacterium. A deletion mutant of the isiA1 gene was constructed, and the four types of thylakoids were prepared from the wild-type (WT) and ΔisiA1 cells under iron-replete (+Fe) and iron-deficient (-Fe) conditions. Immunoblotting analysis exhibits a clear expression of the IsiA1 in the WT-Fe. The PSI-IsiA1 supercomplex is found in the WT-Fe, and excitation-energy transfer from IsiA1 to PSI is verified by time-resolved fluorescence analyses. Instead of the IsiA1, both IsiA2 and IsiA3 are bound to PSI monomer in the ΔisiA1-Fe. These findings provide insights into multiple-expression system of the IsiA family in this cyanobacterium.
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22
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Croce R, van Amerongen H. Light harvesting in oxygenic photosynthesis: Structural biology meets spectroscopy. Science 2020; 369:369/6506/eaay2058. [PMID: 32820091 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis is the main process that drives life on earth. It starts with the harvesting of solar photons that, after transformation into electronic excitations, lead to charge separation in the reaction centers of photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII). These photosystems are large, modular pigment-protein complexes that work in series to fuel the formation of carbohydrates, concomitantly producing molecular oxygen. Recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy have enabled the determination of PSI and PSII structures in complex with light-harvesting components called "supercomplexes" from different organisms at near-atomic resolution. Here, we review the structural and spectroscopic aspects of PSI and PSII from plants and algae that directly relate to their light-harvesting properties, with special attention paid to the pathways and efficiency of excitation energy transfer and the regulatory aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Oja V, Laisk A. Time- and reduction-dependent rise of photosystem II fluorescence during microseconds-long inductions in leaves. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 145:209-225. [PMID: 32918663 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00783-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and benth (Nicotiana benthamiana) leaves were illuminated with 720 nm background light to mix S-states and oxidize electron carriers. Green-filtered xenon flashes of different photon dose were applied and O2 evolution induced by a flash was measured. After light intensity gradient across the leaf was mathematically considered, the flash-induced PSII electron transport (= 4·O2 evolution) exponentially increased with the flash photon dose in any differential layer of the leaf optical density. This proved the absence of excitonic connectivity between PSII units. Time courses of flash light intensity and 680 nm chlorophyll fluorescence emission were recorded. While with connected PSII the sigmoidal fluorescence rise has been explained by quenching of excitation in closed PSII by its open neighbors, in the absence of connectivity the sigmoidicity indicates gradual rise of the fluorescence yield of an individual closed PSII during the induction. Two phases were discerned: the specific fluorescence yield immediately increased from Fo to 1.8Fo in a PSII, whose reaction center became closed; fluorescence yield of the closed PSII was keeping time-dependent rise from 1.8Fo to about 3Fo, approaching the flash fluorescence yield Ff = 0.6Fm during 40 μs. The time-dependent fluorescence rise was resolved from the quenching by 3Car triplets and related to protein conformational change. We suggest that QA reduction induces a conformational change, which by energetic or structural means closes the gate for excitation entrance into the central radical pair trap-efficiently when QB cannot accept the electron, but less efficiently when it can.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vello Oja
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse st. 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Agu Laisk
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse st. 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.
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van Amerongen H, Chmeliov J. Instantaneous switching between different modes of non-photochemical quenching in plants. Consequences for increasing biomass production. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.148119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Akhtar P, Nowakowski PJ, Wang W, Do TN, Zhao S, Siligardi G, Garab G, Shen JR, Tan HS, Lambrev PH. Spectral tuning of light-harvesting complex II in the siphonous alga Bryopsis corticulans and its effect on energy transfer dynamics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148191. [PMID: 32201306 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) from the marine green macroalga Bryopsis corticulans is spectroscopically characterized to understand the structural and functional changes resulting from adaptation to intertidal environment. LHCII is homologous to its counterpart in land plants but has a different carotenoid and chlorophyll (Chl) composition. This is reflected in the steady-state absorption, fluorescence, linear dichroism, circular dichroism and anisotropic circular dichroism spectra. Time-resolved fluorescence and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy were used to investigate the consequences of this adaptive change in the pigment composition on the excited-state dynamics. The complex contains additional Chl b spectral forms - absorbing at around 650 nm and 658 nm - and lacks the red-most Chl a forms compared with higher-plant LHCII. Similar to plant LHCII, energy transfer between Chls occurs on timescales from under hundred fs (mainly from Chl b to Chl a) to several picoseconds (mainly between Chl a pools). However, the presence of long-lived, weakly coupled Chl b and Chl a states leads to slower exciton equilibration in LHCII from B. corticulans. The finding demonstrates a trade-off between the enhanced absorption of blue-green light and the excitation migration time. However, the adaptive change does not result in a significant drop in the overall photochemical efficiency of Photosystem II. These results show that LHCII is a robust adaptable system whose spectral properties can be tuned to the environment for optimal light harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Akhtar
- Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary; ELI-ALPS, ELI Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Paweł J Nowakowski
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Wenda Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Thanh Nhut Do
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Songhao Zhao
- Photosynthesis Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Giuliano Siligardi
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Győző Garab
- Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Howe-Siang Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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Xiong R, Luan J, Kang S, Ye C, Singamaneni S, Tsukruk VV. Biopolymeric photonic structures: design, fabrication, and emerging applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:983-1031. [PMID: 31960001 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs01007b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Biological photonic structures can precisely control light propagation, scattering, and emission via hierarchical structures and diverse chemistry, enabling biophotonic applications for transparency, camouflaging, protection, mimicking and signaling. Corresponding natural polymers are promising building blocks for constructing synthetic multifunctional photonic structures owing to their renewability, biocompatibility, mechanical robustness, ambient processing conditions, and diverse surface chemistry. In this review, we provide a summary of the light phenomena in biophotonic structures found in nature, the selection of corresponding biopolymers for synthetic photonic structures, the fabrication strategies for flexible photonics, and corresponding emerging photonic-related applications. We introduce various photonic structures, including multi-layered, opal, and chiral structures, as well as photonic networks in contrast to traditionally considered light absorption and structural photonics. Next, we summarize the bottom-up and top-down fabrication approaches and physical properties of organized biopolymers and highlight the advantages of biopolymers as building blocks for realizing unique bioenabled photonic structures. Furthermore, we consider the integration of synthetic optically active nanocomponents into organized hierarchical biopolymer frameworks for added optical functionalities, such as enhanced iridescence and chiral photoluminescence. Finally, we present an outlook on current trends in biophotonic materials design and fabrication, including current issues, critical needs, as well as promising emerging photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0245, USA.
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27
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Fu L, Xia Q, Tan J, Wu H, Guo Y. Modelling and simulation of chlorophyll fluorescence from PSII of a plant leaf as affected by both illumination light intensities and temperatures. IET Syst Biol 2019; 13:327-332. [PMID: 31778129 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2019.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The emission of chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) from photosystem II (PSII) of plant leaves the couple with photoelectron transduction cascades in photosynthetic reactions and can be used to probe photosynthetic efficiency and plant physiology. Because of population increase, food shortages, and global warming, it is becoming more and more urgent to enhance plant photosynthesis efficiency by controlling plant growth rate. An effective model structure is essential for plant control strategy development. However, there is a lack of reporting on modelling and simulation of PSII activities under the interaction of both illumination light intensities and temperatures, which are the two important controllable factors affecting, plant growth, especially for a greenhouse. In this work, the authors extended their work on modelling photosynthetic activities as affected by light and temperature to cover both the interaction effects of illumination light intensities and temperature on ChlF emission. Experiments on ChlF were performed under different light intensities and temperatures and used to validate the developed model structure. The average relative error between experimental data and model fitting is <0.3%, which shows the effectiveness of the developed model structure. Simulations were performed to show the interaction effect of light and temperature effects on photosynthetic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Xia
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglu Tan
- University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Jiangsu Internet Agricultural Development Center, Nanjing 210017, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Guo
- University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Daskalakis V, Maity S, Hart CL, Stergiannakos T, Duffy CDP, Kleinekathöfer U. Structural Basis for Allosteric Regulation in the Major Antenna Trimer of Photosystem II. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:9609-9615. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b09767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vangelis Daskalakis
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Street, 3603, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Sayan Maity
- Department of Physics & Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Cameron Lewis Hart
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Taxiarchis Stergiannakos
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Street, 3603, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Christopher D. P. Duffy
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich Kleinekathöfer
- Department of Physics & Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
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29
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30
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Fine tuning of the photosystem II major antenna mobility within the thylakoid membrane of higher plants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:183059. [PMID: 31518553 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Depending on the amount of light, the photosystem II (PSII) antennae or Light Harvesting Complexes (LHCII) switch between two states within the thylakoid membranes of higher plants, i.e., a light-harvesting and a photoprotective mode. This switch is co-regulated by a pH gradient (ΔpH) across the membrane and the interaction with the PSII subunit S (PsbS) that is proposed to induce LHCII aggregation. Herein we employ all-atom and coarse-grained molecular simulations of the major LHCII trimer at low and excess ΔpH, as well as in complexation with PsbS within a native thylakoid membrane model. Our results demonstrate the aggregation potential of LHCII and, consistent with the experimental literature, reveal the role of PsbS at atomic resolution. PsbS alters the LHCII-thylakoid lipid interactions and restores the LHCII mobility that is lost in the transition to photoprotective conditions (low lumenal pH). In agreement with this finding, diffusion of the integral membrane protein LHCII is dependent on both, electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic mismatch, while it does not obey the Saffman-Delbrück diffusion model.
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31
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Application of decay- and evolution-associated spectra for molecular systems with spectral shifts or inherent inhomogeneities. Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2019.110403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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Nagao R, Ueno Y, Yokono M, Shen JR, Akimoto S. Effects of excess light energy on excitation-energy dynamics in a pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 141:355-365. [PMID: 30993504 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00639-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Controlling excitation energy flow is a fundamental ability of photosynthetic organisms to keep a better performance of photosynthesis. Among the organisms, diatoms have unique light-harvesting complexes, fucoxanthin chlorophyll (Chl) a/c-binding proteins. We have recently investigated light-adaptation mechanisms of a marine centric diatom, Chaetoceros gracilis, by spectroscopic techniques. However, it remains unclear how pennate diatoms regulate excitation energy under different growth light conditions. Here, we studied light-adaptation mechanisms in a marine pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum grown at 30 µmol photons m-2 s-1 and further incubated for 24 h either in the dark, or at 30 or 300 µmol photons m-2 s-1 light intensity, by time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) spectroscopy. The high-light incubated cells showed no detectable oxygen-evolving activity of photosystem II, indicating the occurrence of a severe photodamage. The photodamaged cells showed alterations of steady-state absorption and fluorescence spectra and TRF spectra compared with the dark and low-light adapted cells. In particular, excitation-energy quenching is significantly accelerated in the photodamaged cells as shown by mean lifetime analysis of the Chl fluorescence. These spectral changes by the high-light treatment may result from arrangements of pigment-protein complexes to maintain the photosynthetic performance under excess light illumination. These growth-light dependent spectral properties in P. tricornutum are largely different from those in C. gracilis, thus providing insights into the different light-adaptation mechanisms between the pennate and centric diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nagao
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Makio Yokono
- Nippon Flour Mills Co., Ltd, Innovation Center, Atsugi, 243-0041, Japan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
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Yokono M, Takabayashi A, Kishimoto J, Fujita T, Iwai M, Murakami A, Akimoto S, Tanaka A. The PSI-PSII Megacomplex in Green Plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1098-1108. [PMID: 30753722 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Energy dissipation is crucial for land and shallow-water plants exposed to direct sunlight. Almost all green plants dissipate excess excitation energy to protect the photosystem reaction centers, photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), and continue to grow under strong light. In our previous work, we reported that about half of the photosystem reaction centers form a PSI-PSII megacomplex in Arabidopsis thaliana, and that the excess energy was transferred from PSII to PSI fast. However, the physiological function and structure of the megacomplex remained unclear. Here, we suggest that high-light adaptable sun-plants accumulate the PSI-PSII megacomplex more than shade-plants. In addition, PSI of sun-plants has a deep trap to receive excitation energy, which is low-energy chlorophylls showing fluorescence maxima longer than 730 nm. This deep trap may increase the high-light tolerance of PSI by improving excitation energy dissipation. Electron micrographs suggest that one PSII dimer is directly sandwiched between two PSIs with 2-fold rotational symmetry in the basic form of the PSI-PSII megacomplex in green plants. This structure should enable fast energy transfer from PSII to PSI and allow energy in PSII to be dissipated via the deep trap in PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makio Yokono
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- CREST, JST, Sapporo, Japan
- Nippon Flour Mills Co., Ltd., Innovation Center, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takabayashi
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- CREST, JST, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junko Kishimoto
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- CREST, JST, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Fujita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Iwai
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Akio Murakami
- Kobe University Research Centre for Inland Seas, Awaji, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tanaka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- CREST, JST, Sapporo, Japan
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Ueno Y, Aikawa S, Kondo A, Akimoto S. Adaptation of light-harvesting functions of unicellular green algae to different light qualities. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 139:145-154. [PMID: 29808364 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthetic organisms perform photosynthesis efficiently by distributing captured light energy to photosystems (PSs) at an appropriate balance. Maintaining photosynthetic efficiency under changing light conditions requires modification of light-harvesting and energy-transfer processes. In the current study, we examined how green algae regulate their light-harvesting functions in response to different light qualities. We measured low-temperature time-resolved fluorescence spectra of unicellular green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlorella variabilis cells grown under different light qualities. By observing the delayed fluorescence spectra, we demonstrated that both types of green algae primarily modified the associations between light-harvesting chlorophyll protein complexes (LHCs) and PSs (PSII and PSI). Under blue light, Chlamydomonas transferred more energy from LHC to chlorophyll (Chl) located far from the PSII reaction center, while energy was transferred from LHC to PSI via different energy-transfer pathways in Chlorella. Under green light, both green algae exhibited enhanced energy transfer from LHCs to both PSs. Red light induced fluorescence quenching within PSs in Chlamydomonas and LHCs in Chlorella. In Chlorella, energy transfer from PSII to PSI appears to play an important role in balancing excitation between PSII and PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shimpei Aikawa
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8686, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
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Longoni P, Samol I, Goldschmidt-Clermont M. The Kinase STATE TRANSITION 8 Phosphorylates Light Harvesting Complex II and Contributes to Light Acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1156. [PMID: 31608094 PMCID: PMC6761601 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) is a central trigger for the reorganization of the photosynthetic complexes in the thylakoid membrane during short-term light acclimation. The major kinase involved in LHCII phosphorylation is STATE TRANSITION 7 (STN7), and its activity is mostly counteracted by a thylakoid-associated phosphatase, PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 1/THYLAKOID ASSOCIATED PHOSPHATASE 38 (PPH1/TAP38). This kinase/phosphatase pair responds to the redox status of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. In Arabidopsis thaliana, Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 subunits of the LHCII trimers are the major targets of phosphorylation and have different roles in the acclimation of the photosynthetic machinery. Another antagonistic kinase and phosphatase pair, STATE TRANSITION 8 (STN8) and PHOTOSYSTEM II PHOSPHATASE (PBCP) target a different set of thylakoid proteins. Here, we analyzed double, triple, and quadruple knockout mutants of these kinases and phosphatases. In multiple mutants, lacking STN7, in combination with one or both phosphatases, but not STN8, the phosphorylation of LHCII was partially restored. The recovered phosphorylation favors Lhcb1 over Lhcb2 and results in a better adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus and increased plant growth under fluctuating light. This set of mutants allowed to unveil a contribution of STN8-dependent phosphorylation in the acclimation to rapid light variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Longoni
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Paolo Longoni,
| | - Iga Samol
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michel Goldschmidt-Clermont
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Iwai M, Roth MS, Niyogi KK. Subdiffraction-resolution live-cell imaging for visualizing thylakoid membranes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:233-243. [PMID: 29982996 PMCID: PMC6150804 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast is the chlorophyll-containing organelle that produces energy through photosynthesis. Within the chloroplast is an intricate network of thylakoid membranes containing photosynthetic membrane proteins that mediate electron transport and generate chemical energy. Historically, electron microscopy (EM) has been a powerful tool for visualizing the macromolecular structure and organization of thylakoid membranes. However, an understanding of thylakoid membrane dynamics remains elusive because EM requires fixation and sectioning. To improve our knowledge of thylakoid membrane dynamics we need to consider at least two issues: (i) the live-cell imaging conditions needed to visualize active processes in vivo; and (ii) the spatial resolution required to differentiate the characteristics of thylakoid membranes. Here, we utilize three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy (3D-SIM) to explore the optimal imaging conditions for investigating the dynamics of thylakoid membranes in living plant and algal cells. We show that 3D-SIM is capable of examining broad characteristics of thylakoid structures in chloroplasts of the vascular plant Arabidopsis thaliana and distinguishing the structural differences between wild-type and mutant strains. Using 3D-SIM, we also visualize thylakoid organization in whole cells of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. These data reveal that high light intensity changes thylakoid membrane structure in C. reinhardtii. Moreover, we observed the green alga Chromochloris zofingiensis and the moss Physcomitrella patens to show the applicability of 3D-SIM. This study demonstrates that 3D-SIM is a promising approach for studying the dynamics of thylakoid membranes in photoautotrophic organisms during photoacclimation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Iwai
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA
- Contact Author: Masakazu Iwai
| | - Melissa S. Roth
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA
| | - Krishna K. Niyogi
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA
- For correspondence ( or )
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Remelli W, Santabarbara S. Excitation and emission wavelength dependence of fluorescence spectra in whole cells of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PPC6803: Influence on the estimation of Photosystem II maximal quantum efficiency. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:1207-1222. [PMID: 30297025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.09.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescence emission spectrum of Synechocystis sp. PPC6803 cells, at room temperature, displays: i) significant bandshape variations when collected under open (F0) and closed (FM) Photosystem II reaction centre conditions; ii) a marked dependence on the excitation wavelength both under F0 and FM conditions, due to the enhancement of phycobilisomes (PBS) emission upon their direct excitation. As a consequence: iii) the ratio of the variable and maximal fluorescence (FV/FM), that is a commonly employed indicator of the maximal photochemical quantum efficiency of PSII (Φpc, PSII), displays a significant dependency on both the excitation and the emission (detection) wavelength; iv) the FV/FM excitation/emission wavelength dependency is due, primarily, to the overlap of PSII emission with that of supercomplexes showing negligible changes in quantum yield upon trap closure, i.e. PSI and a PBS fraction which is incapable to transfer the excitation energy efficiently to core complexes. v) The contribution to the cellular emission and the relative absorption-cross section of PSII, PSI and uncoupled PBS are extracted using a spectral decomposition strategy. It is concluded that vi) Φpc, PSII is generally underestimated from the FV/FM measurements in this organism and, the degree of the estimation bias, which can exceed 50%, depends on the measurement conditions. Spectral modelling based on the decomposed emission/cross-section profiles were extended to other processes typically monitored from steady-state fluorescence measurements, in the presence of an actinic illumination, in particular non-photochemical quenching. It is suggested that vii) the quenching extent is generally underestimated in analogy to FV/FM but that viii) the location of quenching sites can be discriminated based on the combined excitation/emission spectral analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Remelli
- Photosynthesis Research Unit, Centro Studi sulla Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare delle Piante, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Santabarbara
- Photosynthesis Research Unit, Centro Studi sulla Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare delle Piante, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Alterations of pigment composition and their interactions in response to different light conditions in the diatom Chaetoceros gracilis probed by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:524-530. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Ueno Y, Shimakawa G, Miyake C, Akimoto S. Light-Harvesting Strategy during CO 2-Dependent Photosynthesis in the Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:1028-1033. [PMID: 29425442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
To maximize the efficiency of photosynthesis, photosynthetic organisms must properly balance their light-harvesting ability and CO2 utilization. However, the molecular mechanisms of light harvesting under various CO2 conditions remain unclear. To reveal these mechanisms, we performed new analysis on cells of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under different CO2 conditions. The analysis combines three kinds of fluorometries: pulse-amplitude modulated fluorescence, steady-state fluorescence with absolute intensity, and time-resolved fluorescence. Under low CO2 conditions, the main regulatory mechanism was migration of a light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex (LHC) II from photosystem (PS) II to PSI. However, under CO2-deficient conditions with carbon supplementation, some of the LHCII separated from the PSI and aggregated with quenching. These different light-harvesting abilities of LHCII may play an important role in the regulation of light harvesting in C. reinhardtii under various CO2 conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University , Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ginga Shimakawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University , Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University , Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University , Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Gelzinis A, Chmeliov J, Ruban AV, Valkunas L. Can red-emitting state be responsible for fluorescence quenching in LHCII aggregates? PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 135:275-284. [PMID: 28825173 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is responsible for protecting the light-harvesting apparatus of plants from damage at high light conditions. Although it is agreed that the major part of NPQ, an energy-dependent quenching (qE), originates in the light-harvesting antenna, its exact mechanism is still debated. In our earlier work (Chmeliov et al. in Nat Plants 2:16045, 2016), we have analyzed the time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) from the trimers and aggregates of the major light-harvesting complexes of plants (LHCII) over a broad temperature range and came to a conclusion that three distinct states are required to describe the experimental data: two of them correspond to the emission bands centered at ~680 and ~700 nm, and the third state is responsible for the excitation quenching. This was opposite to earlier suggestions of a two-state model, where the red-shifted fluorescence and excitation quenching were assumed to be related. To examine such possibility, in the current work we repeat our analysis of the TRF data in terms of the two-state model. We find that even though it can reasonably describe the aggregate fluorescence, it fails to do so for the LHCII trimers. We conclude that the red-emitting state cannot be responsible for fluorescence quenching in the LHCII aggregates and reaffirm that the three-state model is the simplest possible description of the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrius Gelzinis
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 9, LT-10222, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Molecular Compound Physics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jevgenij Chmeliov
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 9, LT-10222, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Molecular Compound Physics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alexander V Ruban
- The School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Leonas Valkunas
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 9, LT-10222, Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Department of Molecular Compound Physics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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41
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Santabarbara S, Tibiletti T, Remelli W, Caffarri S. Kinetics and heterogeneity of energy transfer from light harvesting complex II to photosystem I in the supercomplex isolated from Arabidopsis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:9210-9222. [PMID: 28319223 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00554g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
State transitions are a phenomenon that maintains the excitation balance between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI-LHCI) by controlling their relative absorption cross-sections. Under light conditions exciting PSII preferentially, a trimeric LHCII antenna moves from PSII to PSI-LHCI to form the PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplex. In this work, the excited state dynamics in the PSI-LHCI and PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplexes isolated from Arabidopsis have been investigated by picosecond time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The excited state decays were analysed using two approaches based on either (i) a sum of discrete exponentials or (ii) a continuous distribution of lifetimes. The results indicate that the energy transfer from LHCII to the bulk of the PSI antenna occurs with an average macroscopic transfer rate in the 35-65 ns-1 interval. Yet, the most satisfactory description of the data is obtained when considering a heterogeneous population containing two PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplexes characterised by a transfer time of ∼15 and ∼60 ns-1, likely due to the differences in the strength and orientation of LHCII harboured to PSI. Both these values are of the same order of magnitude of those estimated for the average energy transfer rates from the low energy spectral forms of LHCI to the bulk of the PSI antenna (15-40 ns-1), but they are slower than the transfer from the bulk antenna of PSI to the reaction centre (>150 ns-1), implying a relatively small kinetics bottleneck for the energy transfer from LHCII. Nevertheless, the kinetic limitation imposed by excited state diffusion has a negligible impact on the photochemical quantum efficiency of the supercomplex, which remains about 98% in the case of PSI-LHCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Santabarbara
- Photosynthesis Research Unit, Centro di Studio per la Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare delle Piante, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Tania Tibiletti
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS UMR7265 BVME, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, Marseille 13009, France
| | - William Remelli
- Photosynthesis Research Unit, Centro di Studio per la Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare delle Piante, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefano Caffarri
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS UMR7265 BVME, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, Marseille 13009, France
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Mascia F, Girolomoni L, Alcocer MJP, Bargigia I, Perozeni F, Cazzaniga S, Cerullo G, D'Andrea C, Ballottari M. Functional analysis of photosynthetic pigment binding complexes in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis reveals distribution of astaxanthin in Photosystems. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16319. [PMID: 29176710 PMCID: PMC5701160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16641-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a ketocarotenoid produced by photosynthetic microalgae. It is a pigment of high industrial interest in acquaculture, cosmetics, and nutraceutics due to its strong antioxidant power. Haematococcus pluvialis, a fresh-water microalga, accumulates high levels of astaxanthin upon oxidative stress, reaching values up to 5% per dry weight. H. pluvialis accumulates astaxanthin in oil droplets in the cytoplasm, while the chloroplast volume is reduced. In this work, we investigate the biochemical and spectroscopic properties of the H. pluvialis pigment binding complexes responsible for light harvesting and energy conversion. Our findings demonstrate that the main features of chlorophyll and carotenoid binding complexes previously reported for higher plants or Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are preserved under control conditions. Transition to astaxanthin rich cysts however leads to destabilization of the Photosystems. Surprisingly, astaxanthin was found to be bound to both Photosystem I and II, partially substituting β-carotene, and thus demonstrating possible astaxanthin biosynthesis in the plastids or transport from the cytoplasm to the chloroplast. Astaxanthin binding to Photosystems does not however improve their photoprotection, but rather reduces the efficiency of excitation energy transfer to the reaction centers. We thus propose that astaxanthin binding partially destabilizes Photosystem I and II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mascia
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Girolomoni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Marcelo J P Alcocer
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bargigia
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Federico Perozeni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Cazzaniga
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR, Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, P.za L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Cosimo D'Andrea
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133, Milano, Italy.,IFN-CNR, Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, P.za L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Ballottari
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134, Verona, Italy.
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Xu P, Roy LM, Croce R. Functional organization of photosystem II antenna complexes: CP29 under the spotlight. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:815-822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kim E, Akimoto S, Tokutsu R, Yokono M, Minagawa J. Fluorescence lifetime analyses reveal how the high light-responsive protein LHCSR3 transforms PSII light-harvesting complexes into an energy-dissipative state. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:18951-18960. [PMID: 28972177 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.805192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In green algae, light-harvesting complex stress-related 3 (LHCSR3) is responsible for the pH-dependent dissipation of absorbed light energy, a function vital for survival under high-light conditions. LHCSR3 binds the photosystem II and light-harvesting complex II (PSII-LHCII) supercomplex and transforms it into an energy-dissipative form under acidic conditions, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here we show that in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, LHCSR3 modulates the excitation energy flow and dissipates the excitation energy within the light-harvesting complexes of the PSII supercomplex. Using fluorescence decay-associated spectra analysis, we found that, when the PSII supercomplex is associated with LHCSR3 under high-light conditions, excitation energy transfer from light-harvesting complexes to chlorophyll-binding protein CP43 is selectively inhibited compared with that to CP47, preventing excess excitation energy from overloading the reaction center. By analyzing femtosecond up-conversion fluorescence kinetics, we further found that pH- and LHCSR3-dependent quenching of the PSII-LHCII-LHCSR3 supercomplex is accompanied by a fluorescence emission centered at 684 nm, with a decay time constant of 18.6 ps, which is equivalent to the rise time constant of the lutein radical cation generated within a chlorophyll-lutein heterodimer. These results suggest a mechanism in which LHCSR3 transforms the PSII supercomplex into an energy-dissipative state and provide critical insight into the molecular events and characteristics in LHCSR3-dependent energy quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunchul Kim
- From the Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- the Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, and
| | - Ryutaro Tokutsu
- From the Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585
| | - Makio Yokono
- the Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Jun Minagawa
- From the Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585,
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Tadepalli S, Slocik JM, Gupta MK, Naik RR, Singamaneni S. Bio-Optics and Bio-Inspired Optical Materials. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12705-12763. [PMID: 28937748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Through the use of the limited materials palette, optimally designed micro- and nanostructures, and tightly regulated processes, nature demonstrates exquisite control of light-matter interactions at various length scales. In fact, control of light-matter interactions is an important element in the evolutionary arms race and has led to highly engineered optical materials and systems. In this review, we present a detailed summary of various optical effects found in nature with a particular emphasis on the materials and optical design aspects responsible for their optical functionality. Using several representative examples, we discuss various optical phenomena, including absorption and transparency, diffraction, interference, reflection and antireflection, scattering, light harvesting, wave guiding and lensing, camouflage, and bioluminescence, that are responsible for the unique optical properties of materials and structures found in nature and biology. Great strides in understanding the design principles adapted by nature have led to a tremendous progress in realizing biomimetic and bioinspired optical materials and photonic devices. We discuss the various micro- and nanofabrication techniques that have been employed for realizing advanced biomimetic optical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirimuvva Tadepalli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | | | | | | | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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46
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Roden JJJ, Bennett DIG, Whaley KB. Long-range energy transport in photosystem II. J Chem Phys 2017; 144:245101. [PMID: 27369543 DOI: 10.1063/1.4953243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We simulate the long-range inter-complex electronic energy transfer in photosystem II-from the antenna complex, via a core complex, to the reaction center-using a non-Markovian (ZOFE) quantum master equation description that allows the electronic coherence involved in the energy transfer to be explicitly included at all length scales. This allows us to identify all locations where coherence is manifested and to further identify the pathways of the energy transfer in the full network of coupled chromophores using a description based on excitation probability currents. We investigate how the energy transfer depends on the initial excitation-localized, coherent initial excitation versus delocalized, incoherent initial excitation-and find that the overall energy transfer is remarkably robust with respect to such strong variations of the initial condition. To explore the importance of vibrationally enhanced transfer and to address the question of optimization in the system parameters, we systematically vary the strength of the coupling between the electronic and the vibrational degrees of freedom. We find that the natural parameters lie in a (broad) region that enables optimal transfer efficiency and that the overall long-range energy transfer on a ns time scale appears to be very robust with respect to variations in the vibronic coupling of up to an order of magnitude. Nevertheless, vibrationally enhanced transfer appears to be crucial to obtain a high transfer efficiency, with the latter falling sharply for couplings outside the optimal range. Comparison of our full quantum simulations to results obtained with a "classical" rate equation based on a modified-Redfield/generalized-Förster description previously used to simulate energy transfer dynamics in the entire photosystem II complex shows good agreement for the overall time scales of excitation energy transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan J J Roden
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Doran I G Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Birgitta Whaley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Crepin A, Santabarbara S, Caffarri S. Biochemical and Spectroscopic Characterization of Highly Stable Photosystem II Supercomplexes from Arabidopsis. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:19157-71. [PMID: 27432883 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.738054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is a large membrane supercomplex involved in the first step of oxygenic photosynthesis. It is organized as a dimer, with each monomer consisting of more than 20 subunits as well as several cofactors, including chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments, lipids, and ions. The isolation of stable and homogeneous PSII supercomplexes from plants has been a hindrance for their deep structural and functional characterization. In recent years, purification of complexes with different antenna sizes was achieved with mild detergent solubilization of photosynthetic membranes and fractionation on a sucrose gradient, but these preparations were only stable in the cold for a few hours. In this work, we present an improved protocol to obtain plant PSII supercomplexes that are stable for several hours/days at a wide range of temperatures and can be concentrated without degradation. Biochemical and spectroscopic properties of the purified PSII are presented, as well as a study of the complex solubility in the presence of salts. We also tested the impact of a large panel of detergents on PSII stability and found that very few are able to maintain the integrity of PSII. Such new PSII preparation opens the possibility of performing experiments that require room temperature conditions and/or high protein concentrations, and thus it will allow more detailed investigations into the structure and molecular mechanisms that underlie plant PSII function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Crepin
- From the Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, Marseille 13009, France and
| | - Stefano Santabarbara
- the Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Caffarri
- From the Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, Marseille 13009, France and
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Kreisbeck C, Aspuru-Guzik A. Efficiency of energy funneling in the photosystem II supercomplex of higher plants. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4174-4183. [PMID: 30155062 PMCID: PMC6014079 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04296h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation of energy transfer properties in photosynthetic multi-protein networks gives insight into their underlying design principles. Here, we discuss the excitonic energy transfer mechanisms of the photosystem II (PS-II) C2S2M2 supercomplex, which is the largest isolated functional unit of the photosynthetic apparatus of higher plants. Despite the lack of a definite energy gradient in C2S2M2, we show that the energy transfer is directed by relaxation to low energy states. C2S2M2 is not organized to form pathways with strict energetically downhill transfer, which has direct consequences for the transfer efficiency, transfer pathways and transfer limiting steps. The exciton dynamics is sensitive to small changes in the energetic layout which, for instance, are induced by the reorganization of vibrational coordinates. In order to incorporate the reorganization process in our numerical simulations, we go beyond rate equations and use the hierarchically coupled equation of motion approach (HEOM). While transfer from the peripheral antenna to the proteins in proximity to the reaction center occurs on a faster time scale, the final step of the energy transfer to the RC core is rather slow, and thus the limiting step in the transfer chain. Our findings suggest that the structure of the PS-II supercomplex guarantees photoprotection rather than optimized efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kreisbeck
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , USA . ;
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , USA . ;
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50
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Effects of lead on two green microalgae Chlorella and Scenedesmus: photosystem II activity and heterogeneity. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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