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Alshehri AM, Wilson OC. Biomimetic Hydrogel Strategies for Cancer Therapy. Gels 2024; 10:437. [PMID: 39057460 PMCID: PMC11275631 DOI: 10.3390/gels10070437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in biomimetic hydrogel research have expanded the scope of biomedical technologies that can be used to model, diagnose, and treat a wide range of medical conditions. Cancer presents one of the most intractable challenges in this arena due to the surreptitious mechanisms that it employs to evade detection and treatment. In order to address these challenges, biomimetic design principles can be adapted to beat cancer at its own game. Biomimetic design strategies are inspired by natural biological systems and offer promising opportunities for developing life-changing methods to model, detect, diagnose, treat, and cure various types of static and metastatic cancers. In particular, focusing on the cellular and subcellular phenomena that serve as fundamental drivers for the peculiar behavioral traits of cancer can provide rich insights into eradicating cancer in all of its manifestations. This review highlights promising developments in biomimetic nanocomposite hydrogels that contribute to cancer therapies via enhanced drug delivery strategies and modeling cancer mechanobiology phenomena in relation to metastasis and synergistic sensing systems. Creative efforts to amplify biomimetic design research to advance the development of more effective cancer therapies will be discussed in alignment with international collaborative goals to cure cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awatef M. Alshehri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
- Department of Nanomedicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdelaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Otto C. Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
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2
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Conner AA, David D, Yim EKF. The Effects of Biomimetic Surface Topography on Vascular Cells: Implications for Vascular Conduits. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400335. [PMID: 38935920 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide and represent a pressing clinical need. Vascular occlusions are the predominant cause of CVD and necessitate surgical interventions such as bypass graft surgery to replace the damaged or obstructed blood vessel with a synthetic conduit. Synthetic small-diameter vascular grafts (sSDVGs) are desired to bypass blood vessels with an inner diameter <6 mm yet have limited use due to unacceptable patency rates. The incorporation of biophysical cues such as topography onto the sSDVG biointerface can be used to mimic the cellular microenvironment and improve outcomes. In this review, the utility of surface topography in sSDVG design is discussed. First, the primary challenges that sSDVGs face and the rationale for utilizing biomimetic topography are introduced. The current literature surrounding the effects of topographical cues on vascular cell behavior in vitro is reviewed, providing insight into which features are optimal for application in sSDVGs. The results of studies that have utilized topographically-enhanced sSDVGs in vivo are evaluated. Current challenges and barriers to clinical translation are discussed. Based on the wealth of evidence detailed here, substrate topography offers enormous potential to improve the outcome of sSDVGs and provide therapeutic solutions for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail A Conner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dency David
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Evelyn K F Yim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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3
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von Witzleben M, Hahn J, Richter RF, de Freitas B, Steyer E, Schütz K, Vater C, Bernhardt A, Elschner C, Gelinsky M. Tailoring the pore design of embroidered structures by melt electrowriting to enhance the cell alignment in scaffold-based tendon reconstruction. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 156:213708. [PMID: 38029698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering of ligaments and tendons aims to reproduce the complex and hierarchical tissue structure while meeting the biomechanical and biological requirements. For the first time, the additive manufacturing methods of embroidery technology and melt electrowriting (MEW) were combined to mimic these properties closely. The mechanical benefits of embroidered structures were paired with a superficial micro-scale structure to provide a guide pattern for directional cell growth. An evaluation of several previously reported MEW fiber architectures was performed. The designs with the highest cell orientation of primary dermal fibroblasts were then applied to embroidery structures and subsequently evaluated using human adipose-derived stem cells (AT-MSC). The addition of MEW fibers resulted in the formation of a mechanically robust layer on the embroidered scaffolds, leading to composite structures with mechanical properties comparable to those of the anterior cruciate ligament. Furthermore, the combination of embroidered and MEW structures supports a higher cell orientation of AT-MSC compared to embroidered structures alone. Collagen coating further promoted cell attachment. Thus, these investigations provide a sound basis for the fabrication of heterogeneous and hierarchical synthetic tendon and ligament substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max von Witzleben
- Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Judith Hahn
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V. (IPF), Institute of Polymer Materials, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ron F Richter
- Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bianca de Freitas
- Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Emily Steyer
- Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kathleen Schütz
- Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Corina Vater
- Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Bernhardt
- Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Cindy Elschner
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V. (IPF), Institute of Polymer Materials, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Muench S, Roellig M, Balzani D. A new method for the in vivo identification of degenerated material property ranges of the human eye: feasibility analysis based on synthetic data. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2021; 21:401-418. [PMID: 34928468 PMCID: PMC8940849 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01541-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper proposes a new method for in vivo and almost real-time identification of biomechanical properties of the human cornea based on non-contact tonometer data. Further goal is to demonstrate the method’s functionality based on synthetic data serving as reference. For this purpose, a finite element model of the human eye is constructed to synthetically generate full-field displacements from different data sets with keratoconus-like degradations. Then, a new approach based on the equilibrium gap method combined with a mechanical morphing approach is proposed and used to identify the material parameters from virtual test data sets. In a further step, random absolute noise is added to the virtual test data to investigate the sensitivity of the new approach to noise. As a result, the proposed method shows a relevant accuracy in identifying material parameters based on full-field displacements. At the same time, the method turns out to work almost in real time (order of a few minutes on a regular workstation) and is thus much faster than inverse problems solved by typical forward approaches. On the other hand, the method shows a noticeable sensitivity to rather small noise amplitudes rendering the method not accurate enough for the precise identification of individual parameter values. However, analysis show that the accuracy is sufficient for the identification of property ranges which might be related to diseased tissues. Thereby, the proposed approach turns out promising with view to diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Muench
- Department of Testing of Electronics and Optical Methods, Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mike Roellig
- Department of Testing of Electronics and Optical Methods, Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Balzani
- Chair of Continuum Mechanics, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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Graceffa V. Physical and mechanical cues affecting biomaterial-mediated plasmid DNA delivery: insights into non-viral delivery systems. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:90. [PMID: 34142237 PMCID: PMC8211807 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whilst traditional strategies to increase transfection efficiency of non-viral systems aimed at modifying the vector or the polyplexes/lipoplexes, biomaterial-mediated gene delivery has recently sparked increased interest. This review aims at discussing biomaterial properties and unravelling underlying mechanisms of action, for biomaterial-mediated gene delivery. DNA internalisation and cytoplasmic transport are initially discussed. DNA immobilisation, encapsulation and surface-mediated gene delivery (SMD), the role of extracellular matrix (ECM) and topographical cues, biomaterial stiffness and mechanical stimulation are finally outlined. MAIN TEXT Endocytic pathways and mechanisms to escape the lysosomal network are highly variable. They depend on cell and DNA complex types but can be diverted using appropriate biomaterials. 3D scaffolds are generally fabricated via DNA immobilisation or encapsulation. Degradation rate and interaction with the vector affect temporal patterns of DNA release and transgene expression. In SMD, DNA is instead coated on 2D surfaces. SMD allows the incorporation of topographical cues, which, by inducing cytoskeletal re-arrangements, modulate DNA endocytosis. Incorporation of ECM mimetics allows cell type-specific transfection, whereas in spite of discordances in terms of optimal loading regimens, it is recognised that mechanical loading facilitates gene transfection. Finally, stiffer 2D substrates enhance DNA internalisation, whereas in 3D scaffolds, the role of stiffness is still dubious. CONCLUSION Although it is recognised that biomaterials allow the creation of tailored non-viral gene delivery systems, there still are many outstanding questions. A better characterisation of endocytic pathways would allow the diversion of cell adhesion processes and cytoskeletal dynamics, in order to increase cellular transfection. Further research on optimal biomaterial mechanical properties, cell ligand density and loading regimens is limited by the fact that such parameters influence a plethora of other different processes (e.g. cellular adhesion, spreading, migration, infiltration, and proliferation, DNA diffusion and release) which may in turn modulate gene delivery. Only a better understanding of these processes may allow the creation of novel robust engineered systems, potentially opening up a whole new area of biomaterial-guided gene delivery for non-viral systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Graceffa
- Cellular Health and Toxicology Research Group (CHAT), Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Ln, Bellanode, Sligo, Ireland.
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Ln, Bellanode, Sligo, Ireland.
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6
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Shah PP, Lv W, Rhoades JH, Poleshko A, Abbey D, Caporizzo MA, Linares-Saldana R, Heffler JG, Sayed N, Thomas D, Wang Q, Stanton LJ, Bedi K, Morley MP, Cappola TP, Owens AT, Margulies KB, Frank DB, Wu JC, Rader DJ, Yang W, Prosser BL, Musunuru K, Jain R. Pathogenic LMNA variants disrupt cardiac lamina-chromatin interactions and de-repress alternative fate genes. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:938-954.e9. [PMID: 33529599 PMCID: PMC8106635 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic mutations in LAMIN A/C (LMNA) cause abnormal nuclear structure and laminopathies. These diseases have myriad tissue-specific phenotypes, including dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), but how LMNA mutations result in tissue-restricted disease phenotypes remains unclear. We introduced LMNA mutations from individuals with DCM into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and found that hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, in contrast to hepatocytes or adipocytes, exhibit aberrant nuclear morphology and specific disruptions in peripheral chromatin. Disrupted regions were enriched for transcriptionally active genes and regions with lower LAMIN B1 contact frequency. The lamina-chromatin interactions disrupted in mutant cardiomyocytes were enriched for genes associated with non-myocyte lineages and correlated with higher expression of those genes. Myocardium from individuals with LMNA variants similarly showed aberrant expression of non-myocyte pathways. We propose that the lamina network safeguards cellular identity and that pathogenic LMNA variants disrupt peripheral chromatin with specific epigenetic and molecular characteristics, causing misexpression of genes normally expressed in other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisha P Shah
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Wenjian Lv
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Joshua H Rhoades
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Andrey Poleshko
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Deepti Abbey
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Matthew A Caporizzo
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Ricardo Linares-Saldana
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Julie G Heffler
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Nazish Sayed
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dilip Thomas
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Qiaohong Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Liam J Stanton
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Kenneth Bedi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Michael P Morley
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Penn Lung Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Thomas P Cappola
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Anjali T Owens
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - David B Frank
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Wenli Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Benjamin L Prosser
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Kiran Musunuru
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA.
| | - Rajan Jain
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA.
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Bose S, Dasbiswas K, Gopinath A. Matrix Stiffness Modulates Mechanical Interactions and Promotes Contact between Motile Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040428. [PMID: 33920918 PMCID: PMC8077938 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical micro-environment of cells and tissues influences key aspects of cell structure and function, including cell motility. For proper tissue development, cells need to migrate, interact, and form contacts. Cells are known to exert contractile forces on underlying soft substrates and sense deformations in them. Here, we propose and analyze a minimal biophysical model for cell migration and long-range cell–cell interactions through mutual mechanical deformations of the substrate. We compute key metrics of cell motile behavior, such as the number of cell-cell contacts over a given time, the dispersion of cell trajectories, and the probability of permanent cell contact, and analyze how these depend on a cell motility parameter and substrate stiffness. Our results elucidate how cells may sense each other mechanically and generate coordinated movements and provide an extensible framework to further address both mechanical and short-range biophysical interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhaya Bose
- Department of Physics, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA; (S.B.); (K.D.)
| | - Kinjal Dasbiswas
- Department of Physics, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA; (S.B.); (K.D.)
| | - Arvind Gopinath
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
- Correspondence:
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Carthew J, Abdelmaksoud HH, Hodgson‐Garms M, Aslanoglou S, Ghavamian S, Elnathan R, Spatz JP, Brugger J, Thissen H, Voelcker NH, Cadarso VJ, Frith JE. Precision Surface Microtopography Regulates Cell Fate via Changes to Actomyosin Contractility and Nuclear Architecture. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003186. [PMID: 33747730 PMCID: PMC7967085 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cells are able to perceive complex mechanical cues from their microenvironment, which in turn influences their development. Although the understanding of these intricate mechanotransductive signals is evolving, the precise roles of substrate microtopography in directing cell fate is still poorly understood. Here, UV nanoimprint lithography is used to generate micropillar arrays ranging from 1 to 10 µm in height, width, and spacing to investigate the impact of microtopography on mechanotransduction. Using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a model, stark pattern-specific changes in nuclear architecture, lamin A/C accumulation, chromatin positioning, and DNA methyltransferase expression, are demonstrated. MSC osteogenesis is also enhanced specifically on micropillars with 5 µm width/spacing and 5 µm height. Intriguingly, the highest degree of osteogenesis correlates with patterns that stimulated maximal nuclear deformation which is shown to be dependent on myosin-II-generated tension. The outcomes determine new insights into nuclear mechanotransduction by demonstrating that force transmission across the nuclear envelope can be modulated by substrate topography, and that this can alter chromatin organisation and impact upon cell fate. These findings have potential to inform the development of microstructured cell culture substrates that can direct cell mechanotransduction and fate for therapeutic applications in both research and clinical sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Carthew
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMonash UniversityWellington RoadClaytonVictoria3800Australia
- Centre to Impact Antimicrobial Resistance – Sustainable SolutionsMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3800Australia
| | - Hazem H. Abdelmaksoud
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringMonash UniversityWellington RoadClaytonVictoria3800Australia
- Melbourne Centre for NanofabricationVictorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication FacilityClaytonVictoria3168Australia
| | - Margeaux Hodgson‐Garms
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMonash UniversityWellington RoadClaytonVictoria3800Australia
| | - Stella Aslanoglou
- Melbourne Centre for NanofabricationVictorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication FacilityClaytonVictoria3168Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash University381 Royal ParadeParkvilleVictoria3052Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)ClaytonVictoria3168Australia
| | - Sara Ghavamian
- Centre to Impact Antimicrobial Resistance – Sustainable SolutionsMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3800Australia
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringMonash UniversityWellington RoadClaytonVictoria3800Australia
| | - Roey Elnathan
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMonash UniversityWellington RoadClaytonVictoria3800Australia
- Melbourne Centre for NanofabricationVictorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication FacilityClaytonVictoria3168Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash University381 Royal ParadeParkvilleVictoria3052Australia
| | - Joachim P. Spatz
- Department of Cellular BiophysicsMax Planck Institute for Medical ResearchJahnstraßeHeidelbergD‐69120Germany
- Heidelberg UniversityInstitute for Molecular Systems Engineering (IMSE)HeidelbergD‐69120Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to LifeGermany
| | - Juergen Brugger
- Microsystems LaboratoryÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Helmut Thissen
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)ClaytonVictoria3168Australia
| | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMonash UniversityWellington RoadClaytonVictoria3800Australia
- Melbourne Centre for NanofabricationVictorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication FacilityClaytonVictoria3168Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash University381 Royal ParadeParkvilleVictoria3052Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)ClaytonVictoria3168Australia
| | - Victor J. Cadarso
- Centre to Impact Antimicrobial Resistance – Sustainable SolutionsMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3800Australia
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringMonash UniversityWellington RoadClaytonVictoria3800Australia
- Melbourne Centre for NanofabricationVictorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication FacilityClaytonVictoria3168Australia
| | - Jessica E. Frith
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMonash UniversityWellington RoadClaytonVictoria3800Australia
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9
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Ustunel S, Prévôt ME, Clements RJ, Hegmann E. Cradle-to-cradle: designing biomaterials to fit as truly biomimetic cell scaffolds– a review. LIQUID CRYSTALS TODAY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1358314x.2020.1855919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Senay Ustunel
- Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Marianne E. Prévôt
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Robert J. Clements
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Elda Hegmann
- Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
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10
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Topography elicits distinct phenotypes and functions in human primary and stem cell derived endothelial cells. Biomaterials 2020; 234:119747. [PMID: 31951971 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The effective deployment of arterial (AECs), venous (VECs) and stem cell-derived endothelial cells (PSC-ECs) in clinical applications requires understanding of their distinctive phenotypic and functional characteristics, including their responses to microenvironmental cues. Efforts to mimic the in-vivo vascular basement membrane milieu have led to the design and fabrication of nano- and micro-topographical substrates. Although the basement membrane architectures of arteries and veins are different, investigations into the effects of substrate topographies have so far focused on generic EC characteristics. Thus, topographical modulation of arterial- or venous-specific EC phenotype and function remains unknown. Here, we comprehensively evaluated the effects of 16 unique topographies on primary AECs, VECs and human PSC-ECs using a Multi Architectural (MARC) Chip. Gratings and micro-lenses augmented venous-specific phenotypes and depressed arterial functions in VECs; while AECs did not respond consistently to topography. PSC-ECs exhibited phenotypic and functional maturation towards an arterial subtype with increased angiogenic potential, NOTCH1 and Ac-LDL expression on gratings. Specific topographies could elicit different phenotypic and functional changes, despite similar morphological response in different ECs, demonstrating no direct correlation between the two responses.
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11
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Liu R, Liu Q, Pan Z, Liu X, Ding J. Cell Type and Nuclear Size Dependence of the Nuclear Deformation of Cells on a Micropillar Array. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:7469-7477. [PMID: 30226387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While various cellular responses to materials have been published, little concerns the deformation of cell nuclei. Herein we fabricated a polymeric micropillar array of appropriate dimensions to trigger the significant self-deformation of cell nuclei and examined six cell types, which could be classified into cancerous cells (Hela and HepG2) versus healthy cells (HCvEpC, MC3T3-E1, NIH3T3, and hMSC) or epithelial-like cells (Hela, HepG2, and HCvEpC) versus fibroblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1, NIH3T3, and hMSC). While all of the cell types exhibited severe nuclear deformation on the poly(lactide- co-glycolide) (PLGA) micropillar array, the difference between the epithelial-like and fibroblast-like cells was much more significant than that between the cancerous and healthy cells. We also examined the statistics of nuclear shape indexes of cells with an inevitable dispersity of nuclear sizes. It was found that larger nuclei favored more significant deformation on the micropillar array for each cell type. In the same region of nuclear size, the parts of the epithelial-like cells exhibited more significant nuclear deformation than those of the fibroblast-like cells. Hence, this article reports the nuclear size dependence of the self-deformation of cell nuclei on micropillar arrays for the first time and meanwhile strengthens the cell-type dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Qiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Zhen Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Xiangnan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Jiandong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200438 , China
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12
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Moghaddam MM, Bonakdar S, Shariatpanahi MR, Shokrgozar MA, Faghihi S. The Effect of Physical Cues on the Stem Cell Differentiation. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 14:268-277. [DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666181227120706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of multicellular organisms is a very complex and organized process during which cells respond to various factors and features in extracellular environments. It has been demonstrated that during embryonic evolvement, under certain physiological or experimental conditions, unspecialized cells or stem cells can be induced to become tissue or organ-specific cells with special functions. Considering the importance of physical cues in stem cell fate, the present study reviews the role of physical factors in stem cells differentiation and discusses the molecular mechanisms associated with these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad M. Moghaddam
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Group, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, 14965/161, Iran
| | - Shahin Bonakdar
- National Cell Bank, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 3159915111, Iran
| | | | | | - Shahab Faghihi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Group, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, 14965/161, Iran
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13
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Arora S, Lam AJY, Cheung C, Yim EKF, Toh YC. Determination of critical shear stress for maturation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells towards an arterial subtype. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:1164-1175. [PMID: 30597522 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (hPSC-ECs) present an attractive alternative to primary EC sources for vascular grafting. However, there is a need to mature them towards either an arterial or venous subtype. A vital environmental factor involved in the arteriovenous specification of ECs during early embryonic development is fluid shear stress; therefore, there have been attempts to employ adult arterial shear stress conditions to mature hPSC-ECs. However, hPSC-ECs are naïve to fluid shear stress, and their shear responses are still not well understood. Here, we used a multiplex microfluidic platform to systematically investigate the dose-time shear responses on hPSC-EC morphology and arterial-venous phenotypes over a range of magnitudes coincidental with physiological levels of embryonic and adult vasculatures. The device comprised of six parallel cell culture chambers that were individually linked to flow-setting resistance channels, allowing us to simultaneously apply shear stress ranging from 0.4 to 15 dyne/cm 2 . We found that hPSC-ECs required up to 40 hr of shear exposure to elicit a stable phenotypic change. Cell alignment was visible at shear stress <1 dyne/cm 2 , which was independent of shear stress magnitude and duration of exposure. We discovered that the arterial markers NOTCH1 and EphrinB2 exhibited a dose-dependent increase in a similar manner beyond a threshold level of 3.8 dyne/cm 2 , whereas the venous markers COUP-TFII and EphB4 expression remained relatively constant across different magnitudes. These findings indicated that hPSC-ECs were sensitive to relatively low magnitudes of shear stress, and a critical level of ~4 dyne/cm 2 was sufficient to preferentially enhance their maturation into an arterial phenotype for future vascular tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seep Arora
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adele Jing Ying Lam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christine Cheung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technical University, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Evelyn K F Yim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and Technology (BIGHEART), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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14
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Yue H, Yuan L, Zhang W, Zhang S, Wei W, Ma G. Macrophage responses to the physical burden of cell-sized particles. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:393-400. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01673e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The role of physical burden on macrophage functions was revealed by exploiting an “intake method” and uniform autofluorescent cell-sized particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Lan Yuan
- Peking University Medical and Health Analysis Center
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University
- Liaoning Dalian 116622
- China
| | - Shujia Zhang
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University
- Liaoning Dalian 116622
- China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
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15
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Szczesny SE, Mauck RL. The Nuclear Option: Evidence Implicating the Cell Nucleus in Mechanotransduction. J Biomech Eng 2017; 139:2592356. [PMID: 27918797 DOI: 10.1115/1.4035350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biophysical stimuli presented to cells via microenvironmental properties (e.g., alignment and stiffness) or external forces have a significant impact on cell function and behavior. Recently, the cell nucleus has been identified as a mechanosensitive organelle that contributes to the perception and response to mechanical stimuli. However, the specific mechanotransduction mechanisms that mediate these effects have not been clearly established. Here, we offer a comprehensive review of the evidence supporting (and refuting) three hypothetical nuclear mechanotransduction mechanisms: physical reorganization of chromatin, signaling at the nuclear envelope, and altered cytoskeletal structure/tension due to nuclear remodeling. Our goal is to provide a reference detailing the progress that has been made and the areas that still require investigation regarding the role of nuclear mechanotransduction in cell biology. Additionally, we will briefly discuss the role that mathematical models of cell mechanics can play in testing these hypotheses and in elucidating how biophysical stimulation of the nucleus drives changes in cell behavior. While force-induced alterations in signaling pathways involving lamina-associated polypeptides (LAPs) (e.g., emerin and histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3)) and transcription factors (TFs) located at the nuclear envelope currently appear to be the most clearly supported mechanism of nuclear mechanotransduction, additional work is required to examine this process in detail and to more fully test alternative mechanisms. The combination of sophisticated experimental techniques and advanced mathematical models is necessary to enhance our understanding of the role of the nucleus in the mechanotransduction processes driving numerous critical cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer E Szczesny
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 424 Stemmler Hall, 36th Street and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 3900 Woodland Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Robert L Mauck
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 424 Stemmler Hall, 36th Street and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 3900 Woodland Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19104;Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 240 Skirkanich Hall, 210 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 e-mail:
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16
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Castilho M, Feyen D, Flandes-Iparraguirre M, Hochleitner G, Groll J, Doevendans PAF, Vermonden T, Ito K, Sluijter JPG, Malda J. Melt Electrospinning Writing of Poly-Hydroxymethylglycolide-co-ε-Caprolactone-Based Scaffolds for Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6:10.1002/adhm.201700311. [PMID: 28699224 PMCID: PMC7116102 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Current limitations in cardiac tissue engineering revolve around the inability to fully recapitulate the structural organization and mechanical environment of native cardiac tissue. This study aims at developing organized ultrafine fiber scaffolds with improved biocompatibility and architecture in comparison to the traditional fiber scaffolds obtained by solution electrospinning. This is achieved by combining the additive manufacturing of a hydroxyl-functionalized polyester, (poly(hydroxymethylglycolide-co-ε-caprolactone) (pHMGCL), with melt electrospinning writing (MEW). The use of pHMGCL with MEW vastly improves the cellular response to the mechanical anisotropy. Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) are able to align more efficiently along the preferential direction of the melt electrospun pHMGCL fiber scaffolds in comparison to electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone)-based scaffolds. Overall, this study describes for the first time that highly ordered microfiber (4.0-7.0 µm) scaffolds based on pHMGCL can be reproducibly generated with MEW and that these scaffolds can support and guide the growth of CPCs and thereby potentially enhance their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Castilho
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, Utrecht, GA 3508, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, Eindhoven, MB 5600, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, CT 3584, The Netherlands
| | - Dries Feyen
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, CT 3584, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, Utrecht, GA 3508, The Netherlands
| | - María Flandes-Iparraguirre
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, Utrecht, GA 3508, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, CT 3584, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, Utrecht, GA 3508, The Netherlands
| | - Gernot Hochleitner
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Pieter A. F. Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, Utrecht, GA 3508, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, P. O. Box 80082, Utrecht, TB 3508, The Netherlands
| | - Keita Ito
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, Utrecht, GA 3508, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, Eindhoven, MB 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Joost P. G. Sluijter
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, CT 3584, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, Utrecht, GA 3508, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, Utrecht, GA 3508, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, CT 3584, The Netherlands
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, The Netherlands
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17
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Richardson WJ, Holmes JW. Emergence of Collagen Orientation Heterogeneity in Healing Infarcts and an Agent-Based Model. Biophys J 2017; 110:2266-77. [PMID: 27224491 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial heterogeneity of matrix structure can be an important determinant of tissue function. Although bulk properties of collagen structure in healing myocardial infarcts have been characterized previously, regional heterogeneity in infarct structure has received minimal attention. Herein, we quantified regional variations of collagen and nuclear orientations over the initial weeks of healing after infarction in rats, and employed a computational model of infarct remodeling to test potential explanations for the heterogeneity we observed in vivo. Fiber and cell orientation maps were generated from infarct samples acquired previously at 1, 2, 3, and 6 weeks postinfarction in a rat ligation model. We analyzed heterogeneity by calculating the dot product of each fiber or cell orientation vector with every other fiber or cell orientation vector, and plotting that dot product versus distance between the fibers or cells. This analysis revealed prominent regional heterogeneity, with alignment of both fibers and cell nuclei in local pockets far exceeding the global average. Using an agent-based model of fibroblast-mediated collagen remodeling, we found that similar levels of heterogeneity can spontaneously emerge from initially isotropic matrix via locally reinforcing cell-matrix interactions. Specifically, cells that sensed fiber orientation at a distance or remodeled fibers at a distance by traction-mediated reorientation or aligned deposition gave rise to regionally heterogeneous structures. However, only the simulations in which cells deposited collagen fibers aligned with their own orientation reproduced experimentally measured patterns of heterogeneity across all time points. These predictions warrant experimental follow-up to test the role of such mechanisms in vivo and identify opportunities to control heterogeneity for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Richardson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jeffrey W Holmes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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18
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Accelerated Wound Closure - Differently Organized Nanofibers Affect Cell Migration and Hence the Closure of Artificial Wounds in a Cell Based In Vitro Model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169419. [PMID: 28060880 PMCID: PMC5218412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanofiber meshes holds great promise in wound healing applications by mimicking the topography of extracellular matrix, hence providing guidance for crucial cells involved in the regenerative processes. Here we explored the influence of nanofiber alignment on fibroblast behavior in a novel in vitro wound model. The model included electrospun poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds with different nanofiber orientation. Fibroblasts were cultured to confluency for 24h before custom-made inserts were removed, creating cell-free zones serving as artificial wounds. Cell migration into these wounds was evaluated at 0-, 48- and 96h. Cell morphological analysis was performed using nuclei- and cytoskeleton stainings. Cell viability was assessed using a biochemical assay. This study demonstrates a novel in vitro wound assay, for exploring of the impact of nanofibers on wound healing. Additionally we show that it’s possible to affect the process of wound closure in a spatial manner using nanotopographies, resulting in faster closure on aligned fiber substrates.
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19
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Gullekson C, Walker M, Harden JL, Pelling AE. Measuring mechanodynamics in an unsupported epithelial monolayer grown at an air-water interface. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 28:111-119. [PMID: 28035043 PMCID: PMC5221614 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-05-0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A new method is presented for measuring the mechanodynamics of epithelial monolayers by culturing cells at an air–liquid interface. These model monolayers are grown in the absence of any supporting structures, removing cell–substrate effects. Actomyosin contraction and relaxation in a monolayer is a fundamental biophysical process in development and homeostasis. Current methods used to characterize the mechanodynamics of monolayers often involve cells grown on solid supports such as glass or gels. The results of these studies are fundamentally influenced by these supporting structures. Here we describe a new method for measuring the mechanodynamics of epithelial monolayers by culturing cells at an air–liquid interface. These model monolayers are grown in the absence of any supporting structures, removing cell–substrate effects. This method’s potential was evaluated by observing and quantifying the generation and release of internal stresses upon actomyosin contraction (800 ± 100 Pa) and relaxation (600 ± 100 Pa) in response to chemical treatments. Although unsupported monolayers exhibited clear major and minor strain axes, they were not correlated with nuclear alignment as observed when the monolayers were grown on soft deformable gels. It was also observed that both gels and glass substrates led to the promotion of long-range cell nuclei alignment not seen in the hanging-drop model. This new approach provides us with a picture of basal actomyosin mechanodynamics in a simplified system, allowing us to infer how the presence of a substrate affects contractility and long-range multicellular organization and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Gullekson
- Centre for Interdisciplinary NanoPhysics, Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N5N5, Canada
| | - Matthew Walker
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N5N5, Canada
| | - James L Harden
- Centre for Interdisciplinary NanoPhysics, Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N5N5, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N5N5, Canada
| | - Andrew E Pelling
- Centre for Interdisciplinary NanoPhysics, Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N5N5, Canada .,Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N5N5, Canada.,Institute for Science Society and Policy, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N5N5, Canada.,SymbioticA, School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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20
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Abstract
In this work, we constructed a Collagen I-Matrigel composite extracellular matrix (ECM). The composite ECM was used to determine the influence of the local collagen fiber orientation on the collective intravasation ability of tumor cells. We found that the local fiber alignment enhanced cell-ECM interactions. Specifically, metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells followed the local fiber alignment direction during the intravasation into rigid Matrigel (∼10 mg/mL protein concentration).
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21
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Ali M, Raghunathan V, Li JY, Murphy CJ, Thomasy SM. Biomechanical relationships between the corneal endothelium and Descemet's membrane. Exp Eye Res 2016; 152:57-70. [PMID: 27639516 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The posterior face of the cornea consists of the corneal endothelium, a monolayer of cuboidal cells that secrete and attach to Descemet's membrane, an exaggerated basement membrane. Dysfunction of the endothelium compromises the barrier and pump functions of this layer that maintain corneal deturgesence. A large number of corneal endothelial dystrophies feature irregularities in Descemet's membrane, suggesting that cells create and respond to the biophysical signals offered by their underlying matrix. This review provides an overview of the bidirectional relationship between Descemet's membrane and the corneal endothelium. Several experimental methods have characterized a richly topographic and compliant biophysical microenvironment presented by the posterior surface of Descemet's membrane, as well as the ultrastructure and composition of the membrane as it builds during a lifetime. We highlight the signaling pathways involved in the mechanotransduction of biophysical cues that influence cell behavior. We present the specific example of Fuchs' corneal endothelial dystrophy as a condition in which a dysregulated Descemet's membrane may influence the progression of disease. Finally, we discuss some disease models and regenerative strategies that may facilitate improved treatments for corneal dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ali
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - VijayKrishna Raghunathan
- The Ocular Surface Institute, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
| | - Jennifer Y Li
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Christopher J Murphy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Sara M Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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22
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Irianto J, Pfeifer CR, Ivanovska IL, Swift J, Discher DE. Nuclear lamins in cancer. Cell Mol Bioeng 2016; 9:258-267. [PMID: 27570565 PMCID: PMC4999255 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-016-0437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysmorphic nuclei are commonly seen in cancers and provide strong motivation for studying the main structural proteins of nuclei, the lamins, in cancer. Past studies have also demonstrated the significance of microenvironment mechanics to cancer progression, which is extremely interesting because the lamina was recently shown to be mechanosensitive. Here, we review current knowledge relating cancer progression to lamina biophysics. Lamin levels can constrain cancer cell migration in 3D and thereby impede tumor growth, and lamins can also protect a cancer cell's genome. In addition, lamins can influence transcriptional regulators (RAR, SRF, YAP/TAZ) and chromosome conformation in lamina associated domains. Further investigation of the roles for lamins in cancer and even DNA damage may lead to new therapies or at least to a clearer understanding of lamins as bio-markers in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Irianto
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charlotte R. Pfeifer
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Irena L. Ivanovska
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joe Swift
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dennis E. Discher
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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23
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Seras-Franzoso J, Tatkiewicz WI, Vazquez E, García-Fruitós E, Ratera I, Veciana J, Villaverde A. Integrating mechanical and biological control of cell proliferation through bioinspired multieffector materials. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 10:873-91. [PMID: 25816885 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, cells respond to complex mechanical and biological stimuli whose understanding is required for tissue construction in regenerative medicine. However, the full replication of such bimodal effector networks is far to be reached. Engineering substrate roughness and architecture allows regulating cell adhesion, positioning, proliferation, differentiation and survival, and the external supply of soluble protein factors (mainly growth factors and hormones) has been long applied to promote growth and differentiation. Further, bioinspired scaffolds are progressively engineered as reservoirs for the in situ sustained release of soluble protein factors from functional topographies. We review here how research progresses toward the design of integrative, holistic scaffold platforms based on the exploration of individual mechanical and biological effectors and their further combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Seras-Franzoso
- Departament de Genètica & de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Yáñez-Soto B, Leonard BC, Raghunathan VK, Abbott NL, Murphy CJ. Effect of Stratification on Surface Properties of Corneal Epithelial Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 56:8340-8. [PMID: 26747762 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of mucin expression in an immortalized human corneal epithelial cell line (hTCEpi) on the surface properties of cells, such as wettability, contact angle, and surface heterogeneity. METHODS hTCEpi cells were cultured to confluence in serum-free medium. The medium was then replaced by stratification medium to induce mucin biosynthesis. The mucin expression profile was analyzed using quantitative PCR and Western blotting. Contact angles were measured using a two-immiscible liquid method, and contact angle hysteresis was evaluated by tilting the apparatus and recording advancing and receding contact angles. The spatial distribution of mucins was evaluated with fluorescently labeled lectin. RESULTS hTCEpi cells expressed the three main ocular mucins (MUC1, MUC4, and MUC16) with a maximum between days 1 and 3 of the stratification process. Upon stratification, cells caused a very significant increase in contact angle hysteresis, suggesting the development of spatially discrete and heterogeneously distributed surface features, defined by topography and/or chemical functionality. Although atomic force microscopy measurements showed no formation of appreciable topographic features on the surface of the cells, we observed a significant increase in surface chemical heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS The surface chemical heterogeneity of the corneal epithelium may influence the dynamic behavior of tear film by "pinning" the contact line between the cellular surface and aqueous tear film. Engineering the surface properties of corneal epithelium could potentially lead to novel treatments in dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Yáñez-Soto
- Instituto de Física Manuel Sandoval Vallarta, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México 2Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Da
| | - Brian C Leonard
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Vijay Krishna Raghunathan
- Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Nicholas L Abbott
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Christopher J Murphy
- Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States 5Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California Davi
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25
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Wang K, Bruce A, Mezan R, Kadiyala A, Wang L, Dawson J, Rojanasakul Y, Yang Y. Nanotopographical Modulation of Cell Function through Nuclear Deformation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:5082-92. [PMID: 26844365 PMCID: PMC4804753 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Although nanotopography has been shown to be a potent modulator of cell behavior, it is unclear how the nanotopographical cue, through focal adhesions, affects the nucleus, eventually influencing cell phenotype and function. Thus, current methods to apply nanotopography to regulate cell behavior are basically empirical. We, herein, engineered nanotopographies of various shapes (gratings and pillars) and dimensions (feature size, spacing and height), and thoroughly investigated cell spreading, focal adhesion organization and nuclear deformation of human primary fibroblasts as the model cell grown on the nanotopographies. We examined the correlation between nuclear deformation and cell functions such as cell proliferation, transfection and extracellular matrix protein type I collagen production. It was found that the nanoscale gratings and pillars could facilitate focal adhesion elongation by providing anchoring sites, and the nanogratings could orient focal adhesions and nuclei along the nanograting direction, depending on not only the feature size but also the spacing of the nanogratings. Compared with continuous nanogratings, discrete nanopillars tended to disrupt the formation and growth of focal adhesions and thus had less profound effects on nuclear deformation. Notably, nuclear volume could be effectively modulated by the height of nanotopography. Further, we demonstrated that cell proliferation, transfection, and type I collagen production were strongly associated with the nuclear volume, indicating that the nucleus serves as a critical mechanosensor for cell regulation. Our study delineated the relationships between focal adhesions, nucleus and cell function and highlighted that the nanotopography could regulate cell phenotype and function by modulating nuclear deformation. This study provides insight into the rational design of nanotopography for new biomaterials and the cell-substrate interfaces of implants and medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Allison Bruce
- Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Ryan Mezan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Anand Kadiyala
- Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Liying Wang
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Jeremy Dawson
- Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
- Corresponding Author Y. Yang.
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Malheiro V, Lehner F, Dinca V, Hoffmann P, Maniura-Weber K. Convex and concave micro-structured silicone controls the shape, but not the polarization state of human macrophages. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:1562-1573. [DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00425c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The typical foreign body response (FBR) to synthetic implants is characterized by local inflammation and tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Malheiro
- Biointerfaces
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- St. Gallen
- Switzerland
| | - F. Lehner
- Biointerfaces
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- St. Gallen
- Switzerland
| | - V. Dinca
- Advanced Materials Processing
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- Thun
- Switzerland
| | - P. Hoffmann
- Advanced Materials Processing
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- Thun
- Switzerland
| | - K. Maniura-Weber
- Biointerfaces
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- St. Gallen
- Switzerland
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Rianna C, Ventre M, Cavalli S, Radmacher M, Netti PA. Micropatterned Azopolymer Surfaces Modulate Cell Mechanics and Cytoskeleton Structure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:21503-21510. [PMID: 26372777 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Physical and chemical characteristics of materials are important regulators of cell behavior. In particular, cell elasticity is a fundamental parameter that reflects the state of a cell. Surface topography finely modulates cell fate and function via adhesion mediated signaling and cytoskeleton generated forces. However, how topographies alter cell mechanics is still unclear. In this work we have analyzed the mechanical properties of peripheral and nuclear regions of NIH-3T3 cells on azopolymer substrates with different topographic patterns. Micrometer scale patterns in the form of parallel ridges or square lattices of surface elevations were encoded on light responsive azopolymer films by means of contactless optical methods. Cell mechanics was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Cells and consequently the cell cytoskeleton were oriented along the linear patterns affecting cytoskeletal structures, e.g., formation of actin stress fibers. Our data demonstrate that topographic substrate patterns are recognized by cells and mechanical information is transferred by the cytoskeleton. Furthermore, cytoskeleton generated forces deform the nucleus, changing its morphology that appears to be related to different mechanical properties in the nuclear region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Rianna
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare IIT@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Cavalli
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare IIT@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Manfred Radmacher
- Institute of Biophysics, University of Bremen , Otto-Hahn Allee, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Paolo A Netti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare IIT@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy
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28
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Islam M, Motasim Bellah M, Sajid A, Raziul Hasan M, Kim YT, Iqbal SM. Effects of Nanotexture on Electrical Profiling of Single Tumor Cell and Detection of Cancer from Blood in Microfluidic Channels. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13031. [PMID: 26373820 PMCID: PMC4570978 DOI: 10.1038/srep13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic channels have been implemented to detect cancer cells from blood using electrical measurement of each single cell from the sample. Every cell provided characteristic current profile based on its mechano-physical properties. Cancer cells not only showed higher translocation time and peak amplitude compared to blood cells, their pulse shape was also distinctively different. Prevalent microfluidic channels are plain but we created nanotexture on the channel walls using micro reactive ion etching (micro-RIE). The translocation behaviors of the metastatic renal cancer cells through plain and nanotextured PDMS microchannels showed clear differences. Nanotexture enhanced the cell-surface interactions and more than 50% tumor cells exhibited slower translocation through nanotextured channels compared to plain devices. On the other hand, most of the blood cells had very similar characteristics in both channels. Only 7.63% blood cells had slower translocation in nanotextured microchannels. The tumor cell detection efficiency from whole blood increased by 14% in nanotextured microchannels compared to plain channels. This interesting effect of nanotexture on translocation behavior of tumor cells is important for the early detection of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhymin Islam
- Nano-Bio Lab, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76011, USA
- Nanotechnology Research Center, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Mohammad Motasim Bellah
- Nano-Bio Lab, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Nanotechnology Research Center, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Department of Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76011, USA
| | - Adeel Sajid
- Nano-Bio Lab, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Nanotechnology Research Center, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Department of Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76011, USA
| | - Mohammad Raziul Hasan
- Nano-Bio Lab, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76011, USA
- Nanotechnology Research Center, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Young-tae Kim
- Nanotechnology Research Center, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| | - Samir M. Iqbal
- Nano-Bio Lab, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76011, USA
- Nanotechnology Research Center, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
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29
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Raghunathan VK, Morgan JT, Park SA, Weber D, Phinney BS, Murphy CJ, Russell P. Dexamethasone Stiffens Trabecular Meshwork, Trabecular Meshwork Cells, and Matrix. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:4447-59. [PMID: 26193921 PMCID: PMC4509060 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-16739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Treatment with corticosteroids can result in ocular hypertension and may lead to the development of steroid-induced glaucoma. The extent to which biomechanical changes in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) contribute toward this dysfunction is poorly understood. METHODS Primary human TM (HTM) cells were cultured for either 3 days or 4 weeks in the presence or absence of dexamethasone (DEX), and cell mechanics, matrix mechanics and proteomics were determined, respectively. Adult rabbits were treated topically with either 0.1% DEX or vehicle over 3 weeks, and mechanics of the TM were determined. RESULTS Treatment with DEX for 3 days resulted in a 2-fold increase in HTM cell stiffness, and this correlated with activation of extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and overexpression of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA). Further, the matrix deposited by HTM cells chronically treated with DEX is approximately 4-fold stiffer, more organized, and has elevated expression of matrix proteins commonly implicated in glaucoma (decorin, myocilin, fibrillin, secreted frizzle-related protein [SFRP1], matrix-gla). Also, DEX treatment resulted in a 3.5-fold increase in stiffness of the rabbit TM. DISCUSSION This integrated approach clearly demonstrates that DEX treatment increases TM cell stiffness concurrent with elevated αSMA expression and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, stiffens the ECM in vitro along with upregulation of Wnt antagonists and fibrotic markers embedded in a more organized matrix, and increases the stiffness of TM tissues in vivo. These results demonstrate glucocorticoid treatment can initiate the biophysical alteration associated with increased resistance to aqueous humor outflow and the resultant increase in IOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Krishna Raghunathan
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Joshua T. Morgan
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Shin Ae Park
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Darren Weber
- University of California Davis Genome Center Proteomics Core Facility, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Brett S. Phinney
- University of California Davis Genome Center Proteomics Core Facility, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Christopher J. Murphy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Paul Russell
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
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30
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You J, Raghunathan VK, Son KJ, Patel D, Haque A, Murphy CJ, Revzin A. Impact of Nanotopography, Heparin Hydrogel Microstructures, and Encapsulated Fibroblasts on Phenotype of Primary Hepatocytes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:12299-12308. [PMID: 25247391 PMCID: PMC4372509 DOI: 10.1021/am504614e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocytes, the main epithelial cell type in the liver, perform most of the biochemical functions of the liver. Thus, maintenance of a primary hepatocyte phenotype is crucial for investigations of in vitro drug metabolism, toxicity, and development of bioartificial liver constructs. Here, we report the impact of topographic cues alone and in combination with soluble signals provided by encapsulated feeder cells on maintenance of the primary hepatocyte phenotype. Topographic features were 300 nm deep with pitches of either 400, 1400, or 4000 nm. Hepatocyte cell attachment, morphology and function were markedly better on 400 nm pitch patterns compared with larger scale topographies or planar substrates. Interestingly, topographic features having biomimetic size scale dramatically increased cell adhesion whether or not substrates had been precoated with collagen I. Albumin production in primary hepatocytes cultured on 400 nm pitch substrates without collagen I was maintained over 10 days and was considerably higher compared to albumin synthesis on collagen-coated flat substrates. In order to investigate the potential interaction of soluble cytoactive factors supplied by feeder cells with topographic cues in determining cell phenotype, bioactive heparin-containing hydrogel microstructures were molded (100 μm spacing, 100 μm width) over the surface of the topographically patterned substrates. These hydrogel microstructures either carried encapsulated fibroblasts or were free of cells. Hepatocytes cultured on nanopatterned substrates next to fibroblast carrying hydrogel microstructures were significantly more functional than hepatocytes cultured on nanopatterned surfaces without hydrogels or stromal cells significantly elevated albumin expression and cell junction formation compared to cells provided with topographic cues only. The simultaneous presentation of topographic biomechanical cues along with soluble signaling molecules provided by encapsulated fibroblasts cells resulted in optimal functionality of cultured hepatocytes. The provision of both topographic and soluble signaling cues could enhance our ability to create liver surrogates and inform the development of engineered liver constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmok You
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Vijay Krishna Raghunathan
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Kyung Jin Son
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Dipali Patel
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Amranul Haque
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Christopher J Murphy
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Raghunathan VK, Morgan JT, Chang YR, Weber D, Phinney B, Murphy CJ, Russell P. Transforming Growth Factor Beta 3 Modifies Mechanics and Composition of Extracellular Matrix Deposited by Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 1:110-118. [PMID: 30882039 DOI: 10.1021/ab500060r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is a systemic disorder of the extracellular matrix (ECM) with ocular manifestations in the form of chronic open angle glaucoma. Elevated levels of TGFβ3 in the aqueous humor of individuals with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEX) have been reported. The influence of TGFβ3 on the biochemical composition and biomechanics of ECM of human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells was investigated. HTM cells from eye bank donor eyes were isolated, plated on aminosilane functionalized glass substrates and cultured in the presence or absence of 1 ng/mL TGFβ3 for 4 weeks. After incubation, samples were decellularized and decellularization was verified by immunostaining. The mechanics of the remaining ECM that was deposited by the treated or the control cells were measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Imaged by AFM, the surface features of the ECM from both sets of samples had a similar roughness/topography (as determined by RMS values) suggesting surface features of the ECM were similar in both cases; however, the ECM from the HTM cells treated with TGFβ3 was between 3- and 5-fold stiffer than that produced by the control HTM cells. Proteins present in the ECM were solubilized and analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). Data indicate that multiple proteins previously reported to be altered in glaucoma were changed in the ECM as a result of the presence of TGFβ3, including inhibitors of the BMP and Wnt signaling pathways. Gremlin1and 4, SERPINE1 and 2, periostin, secreted frizzled related protein (SFRP) 1 and 4, and ANGPTL4 were among those proteins that were overexpressed in the ECM after TGFβ3 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Krishna Raghunathan
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Joshua T Morgan
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yow-Ren Chang
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Darren Weber
- UC Davis Genome Center Proteomics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Brett Phinney
- UC Davis Genome Center Proteomics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Christopher J Murphy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Paul Russell
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Gao J, Raghunathan VK, Reid B, Wei D, Diaz RC, Russell P, Murphy CJ, Zhao M. Biomimetic stochastic topography and electric fields synergistically enhance directional migration of corneal epithelial cells in a MMP-3-dependent manner. Acta Biomater 2015; 12:102-112. [PMID: 25311684 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Directed migration of corneal epithelial cells (CECs) is critical for maintenance of corneal homeostasis as well as wound healing. Soluble cytoactive factors and the intrinsic chemical attributes of the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM) participate in stimulating and directing migration. The central importance of the intrinsic biophysical attributes of the microenvironment of the cell in modulating an array of fundamental epithelial behaviors including migration has been widely documented. Among the best measures of these attributes are the intrinsic topography and stiffness of the ECM and electric fields (EFs). How cells integrate these multiple simultaneous inputs is not well understood. Here, we present a method that combines the use of (i) topographically patterned substrates (mean pore diameter 800nm) possessing features that approximate those found in the native corneal basement membrane; and (ii) EFs (0-150mVmm(-1)) mimicking those at corneal epithelial wounds that the cells experience in vivo. We found that topographic cues and EFs synergistically regulated directional migration of human CECs and that this was associated with upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3). MMP3 expression and activity were significantly elevated with 150mVmm(-1) applied-EF while MMP2/9 remained unaltered. MMP3 expression was elevated in cells cultured on patterned surfaces against planar surfaces. The highest single-cell migration rate was observed with 150mVmm(-1) applied EF on patterned and planar surfaces. When cultured as a confluent sheet, EFs induced collective cell migration on stochastically patterned surfaces compared with dissociated single-cell migration on planar surfaces. These results suggest significant interaction of biophysical cues in regulating cell behaviors and will help define design parameters for corneal prosthetics and help to better understand corneal wound healing.
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Raghunathan VK, Dreier B, Morgan JT, Tuyen BC, Rose BW, Reilly CM, Russell P, Murphy CJ. Involvement of YAP, TAZ and HSP90 in contact guidance and intercellular junction formation in corneal epithelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109811. [PMID: 25290150 PMCID: PMC4188597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular environment possesses a rich milieu of biophysical and biochemical signaling cues that are simultaneously integrated by cells and influence cellular phenotype. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (WWTR1; TAZ), two important signaling molecules of the Hippo pathway, have been recently implicated as nuclear relays of cytoskeletal changes mediated by substratum rigidity and topography. These proteins intersect with other important intracellular signaling pathways (e.g. Wnt and TGFβ). In the cornea, epithelial cells adhere to the stroma through a 3-dimensional topography-rich basement membrane, with features in the nano-submicron size-scale that are capable of profoundly modulating a wide range of fundamental cell behaviors. The influences of substratum-topography, YAP/TAZ knockdown, and HSP90 inhibition on cell morphology, YAP/TAZ localization, and the expression of TGFβ2 and CTGF, were investigated. The results demonstrate (a) that knockdown of TAZ enhances contact guidance in a YAP dependent manner, (b) that CTGF is predominantly regulated by YAP and not TAZ, and (c) that TGFβ2 is regulated by both YAP and TAZ in these cells. Additionally, inhibition of HSP90 resulted in nuclear localization and subsequent transcriptional-activation of YAP, formation of cell-cell junctions and co-localization of E-cadherin and β-catenin at adherens junctions. Results presented in this study reflect the complexities underlying the molecular relationships between the cytoskeleton, growth factors, heat shock proteins, and co-activators of transcription that impact mechanotransduction. The data reveal the importance of YAP/TAZ on the cell behaviors, and gene and protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Krishna Raghunathan
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Britta Dreier
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Joshua T. Morgan
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Binh C. Tuyen
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Brad W. Rose
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Reilly
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Paul Russell
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Murphy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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34
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Garland SP, McKee CT, Chang YR, Raghunathan VK, Russell P, Murphy CJ. A cell culture substrate with biologically relevant size-scale topography and compliance of the basement membrane. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:2101-8. [PMID: 24524303 PMCID: PMC3983385 DOI: 10.1021/la403590v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of literature broadly documents that a wide array of fundamental cell behaviors are modulated by the physical attributes of the cellular microenvironment, yet in vitro assays are typically carried out using tissue culture plastic or glass substrates that lack the 3-dimensional topography present in vivo and have stiffness values that far exceed that of cellular and stromal microenvironments. This work presents a method for the fabrication of thin hydrogel films that can replicate arbitrary topographies with a resolution of 400 nm that possess an elastic modulus of approximately 250 kPa. Material characterization including swelling behavior and mechanics were performed and reported. Cells cultured on these surfaces patterned with anisotropic ridges and grooves react to the biophysical cues present and show an alignment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun P. Garland
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Clayton T. McKee
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yow-Ren Chang
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Vijay Krishna Raghunathan
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Paul Russell
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Christopher J. Murphy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Raghunathan V, McKee C, Cheung W, Naik R, Nealey PF, Russell P, Murphy CJ. Influence of extracellular matrix proteins and substratum topography on corneal epithelial cell alignment and migration. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 19:1713-22. [PMID: 23488816 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The basement membrane (BM) of the corneal epithelium presents biophysical cues in the form of topography and compliance that can impact the phenotype and behaviors of cells and their nuclei through modulation of cytoskeletal dynamics. In addition, it is also well known that the intrinsic biochemical attributes of BMs can modulate cell behaviors. In this study, the influence of the combination of exogenous coating of extracellular matrix proteins (ECM) (fibronectin-collagen [FNC]) with substratum topography was investigated on cytoskeletal architecture as well as alignment and migration of immortalized corneal epithelial cells. In the absence of FNC coating, a significantly greater percentage of cells aligned parallel with the long axis of the underlying anisotropically ordered topographic features; however, their ability to migrate was impaired. Additionally, changes in the surface area, elongation, and orientation of cytoskeletal elements were differentially influenced by the presence or absence of FNC. These results suggest that the effects of topographic cues on cells are modulated by the presence of surface-associated ECM proteins. These findings have relevance to experiments using cell cultureware with biomimetic biophysical attributes as well as the integration of biophysical cues in tissue-engineering strategies and the development of improved prosthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaykrishna Raghunathan
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Tatkiewicz WI, Seras-Franzoso J, García-Fruitós E, Vazquez E, Ventosa N, Peebo K, Ratera I, Villaverde A, Veciana J. Two-dimensional microscale engineering of protein-based nanoparticles for cell guidance. ACS NANO 2013; 7:4774-4784. [PMID: 23705583 DOI: 10.1021/nn400907f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell responses, such as positioning, morphological changes, proliferation, and apoptosis, are the result of complex chemical, topographical, and biological stimuli. Here we show the macroscopic responses of cells when nanoscale profiles made with inclusion bodies (IBs) are used for the 2D engineering of biological interfaces at the microscale. A deep statistical data treatment of fibroblasts cultivated on supports patterned with green fluorescent protein and human basic fibroblast growth factor-derived IBs demonstrates that these cells preferentially adhere to the IB areas and align and elongate according to specific patterns. These findings prove the potential of surface patterning with functional IBs as protein-based nanomaterials for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold I Tatkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Morgan JT, Murphy CJ, Russell P. What do mechanotransduction, Hippo, Wnt, and TGFβ have in common? YAP and TAZ as key orchestrating molecules in ocular health and disease. Exp Eye Res 2013; 115:1-12. [PMID: 23792172 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cells in vivo are exposed to a complex signaling environment. Biochemical signaling modalities, such as secreted proteins, specific extracellular matrix domains and ion fluxes certainly compose an important set of regulatory signals to cells. However, these signals are not exerted in isolation, but rather in concert with biophysical cues of the surrounding tissue, such as stiffness and topography. In this review, we attempt to highlight the biophysical attributes of ocular tissues and their influence on cellular behavior. Additionally, we introduce the proteins YAP and TAZ as targets of biophysical and biochemical signaling and important agonists and antagonists of numerous signaling pathways, including TGFβ and Wnt. We frame the discussion around this extensive signaling crosstalk, which allows YAP and TAZ to act as orchestrating molecules, capable of integrating biophysical and biochemical cues into a broad cellular response. Finally, while we draw on research from various fields to provide a full picture of YAP and TAZ, we attempt to highlight the intersections with vision science and the exciting work that has already been performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Morgan
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Jantzen AE, Achneck HE, Truskey GA. Surface projections of titanium substrates increase antithrombotic endothelial function in response to shear stress. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:3181-91. [PMID: 23554161 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Despite the therapeutic benefits of both mechanical circulatory assist devices and nitinol stents with titanium (Ti) outer surfaces, problems remain with thrombosis at the blood-contacting surface. Covering these surfaces with a layer of endothelium would mimic the native lining of the cardiovascular system, potentially decreasing thrombotic complications. Since surface topography is known to affect the phenotype of a seeded cell layer and since stents and ventricular assist devices exhibit surface protrusions, we tested the hypothesis that endothelial cells (ECs) have altered function on Ti surfaces with protrusions of 1.25, 3, and 5 μm height, compared with smooth Ti surfaces. ECs and nuclei were more aligned and ECs were more elongated on all patterned surfaces. Cell area was reduced on the 3 and 5 μm features. Expression of eNOS and COX2 was not altered by patterned surfaces, but expression of KLF-2 was higher on 1.25 and 5 μm features. Nitric oxide production following exposure to flow was higher on the 5 μm features. These results show that some antithrombogenic functions of ECs are significantly enhanced for ECs cultured on surface protrusions, and no functions are diminished, informing the future design of implant surfaces for endothelialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Jantzen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708
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Imaging living cells surface and quantifying its properties at high resolution using AFM in QI™ mode. Micron 2013; 48:26-33. [PMID: 23522742 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Since the last 10 years, AFM has become a powerful tool to study biological samples. However, the classical modes offered (imaging or tapping mode) often damage sample that are too soft or loosely immobilized. If imaging and mechanical properties are required, it requests long recording time as two different experiments must be conducted independently. In this study we compare the new QI™ mode against contact imaging mode and force volume mode, and we point out its benefit in the new challenges in biology on six different models: Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Chinese hamster ovary cells and their isolated nuclei, and human colorectal tumor cells.
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Dreier B, Raghunathan VK, Russell P, Murphy CJ. Focal adhesion kinase knockdown modulates the response of human corneal epithelial cells to topographic cues. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:4285-94. [PMID: 22813850 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A rapidly expanding literature broadly documents the impact of biophysical cues on cellular behaviors. In spite of increasing research efforts in this field, the underlying signaling processes are poorly understood. One of the candidate molecules for being involved in mechanotransduction is focal adhesion kinase (FAK). To examine the role of FAK in the response of immortalized human corneal epithelial (hTCEpi) cells to topographic cues, FAK was depleted by siRNA transfection. Contrary to expectations, FAK knockdown resulted in an enhanced response with a greater number of hTCEpi cells aligned to the long axis of anisotropically ordered surface ridges and grooves. Both underlying topographic features and FAK depletion modulated the migration of corneal epithelial cells. The impact of FAK knockdown on both migration and alignment varied depending on the topographic cues to which the cells were exposed, with the most significant change observed on the biologically relevant size scale (400nm). Additionally, a change in expression of genes encoding perinuclear Nesprins 1 and 2 (SYNE1, 2) was observed in response to topographic cues. SYNE1/2 expression was also altered by FAK depletion, suggesting that these proteins might represent a link between cytosolic and nuclear signaling processes. The data presented here have relevance to our understanding of the fundamental processes involved in corneal cell behavior to topographic cues. These results highlight the importance of incorporating biophysical cues in the conduction of in vitro studies and into the design and fabrication of implantable prosthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Dreier
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, One Shields Avenue, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Raghunathan VK, McKee CT, Tocce EJ, Nealey PF, Russell P, Murphy CJ. Nuclear and cellular alignment of primary corneal epithelial cells on topography. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 101:1069-79. [PMID: 22965583 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The basement membrane of the corneal epithelium presents biophysical cues in the form of topography and compliance that can modulate cytoskeletal dynamics, which, in turn, can result in altering cellular and nuclear morphology and alignment. In this study, the effect of topographic patterns of alternating ridges and grooves on nuclear and cellular shape and alignment was determined. Primary corneal epithelial cells were cultured on either planar or topographically patterned (400-4000 nm pitch) substrates. Alignment of individual cell body was correlated with respective nucleus for the analysis of orientation and elongation. A biphasic response in alignment was observed. Cell bodies preferentially aligned perpendicular to the 800 nm pitch; and with increasing pitch, cells increasingly aligned parallel to the substratum. Nuclear orientation largely followed this trend with the exception of those on 400 nm. On this biomimetic size scale, some nuclei oriented perpendicular to the topography while their cytoskeleton elements aligned parallel. Both nuclei and cell bodies were elongated on topography compared to those on flat surfaces. Our data demonstrate that nuclear orientation and shape are differentially altered by topographic features that are not mandated by alignment of the cell body. This novel finding suggests that nuanced differences in alignment of the nucleus versus the cell body exist and that these differences could have consequences on gene and protein regulation that ultimately regulate cell behaviors. A full understanding of these mechanisms could disclose novel pathways that would better inform evolving strategies in cell, stem cell, and tissue engineering as well as the design and fabrication of improved prosthetic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Krishna Raghunathan
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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McKee CT, Wood JA, Ly I, Russell P, Murphy CJ. The influence of a biologically relevant substratum topography on human aortic and umbilical vein endothelial cells. Biophys J 2012; 102:1224-33. [PMID: 22404945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A topographically patterned substrate with stochastic surface order that closely mimics the topographic features of native basement membranes has been fabricated to investigate the influence of topographic biophysical cueing on human aortic and umbilical vein endothelial cells. The stochastic substrate was fabricated by first generating a highly porous polyelectrolyte multilayer film of poly(acrylic acid) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) followed by replicate production of this biomimetic topography via soft lithography. These substrates, which are easy to prepare and replicate, possess a number of prominent features associated with in vivo vascular basement membrane (interwoven ridges and grooves, bumps, and pores), which have typically been studied as singular features that frequently possess anisotropic surface order (e.g., alternating ridges and grooves). When compared to a flat surface of identical chemistry, these biomimetic topographies influenced a number of important cellular behaviors associated with the homeostasis and degradation of vascular tissues. These include modulating cell migration rate and directional persistence, proliferation rate, and gene expression associated with regulation and remodeling of vascular tissues as well as inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton T McKee
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
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