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Péczely L, Dusa D, Lénárd L, Ollmann T, Kertes E, Gálosi R, Berta B, Szabó Á, László K, Zagoracz O, Karádi Z, Kállai V. The antipsychotic agent sulpiride microinjected into the ventral pallidum restores positive symptom-like habituation disturbance in MAM-E17 schizophrenia model rats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12305. [PMID: 38811614 PMCID: PMC11136981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of subcortical D2-like dopamine receptors (D2Rs) can lead to positive symptoms of schizophrenia, and their analog, the increased locomotor activity in schizophrenia model MAM-E17 rats. The ventral pallidum (VP) is a limbic structure containing D2Rs. The D2R antagonist sulpiride is a widespread antipsychotic drug, which can alleviate positive symptoms in human patients. However, it is still not known how sulpiride can influence positive symptoms via VP D2Rs. We hypothesize that the microinjection of sulpiride into the VP can normalize hyperactivity in MAM-E17 rats. In addition, recently, we showed that the microinjection of sulpirid into the VP induces place preference in neurotypical rats. Thus, we aimed to test whether intra-VP sulpiride can also have a rewarding effect in MAM-E17 rats. Therefore, open field-based conditioned place preference (CPP) test was applied in neurotypical (SAL-E17) and MAM-E17 schizophrenia model rats to test locomotor activity and the potential locomotor-reducing and rewarding effects of sulpiride. Sulpiride was microinjected bilaterally in three different doses into the VP, and the controls received only vehicle. The results of the present study demonstrated that the increased locomotor activity of the MAM-E17 rats was caused by habituation disturbance. Accordingly, larger doses of sulpiride in the VP reduce the positive symptom-analog habituation disturbance of the MAM-E17 animals. Furthermore, we showed that the largest dose of sulpiride administered into the VP induced CPP in the SAL-E17 animals but not in the MAM-E17 animals. These findings revealed that VP D2Rs play an important role in the formation of positive symptom-like habituation disturbances in MAM-E17 rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Péczely
- Learning in Biological and Artificial Systems Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12, P.O. Box: 99, 7602, Pécs, Hungary.
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Daniella Dusa
- Learning in Biological and Artificial Systems Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12, P.O. Box: 99, 7602, Pécs, Hungary
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Lénárd
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12, P.O. Box: 99, 7602, Pécs, Hungary
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology and Neurophysiology Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Ollmann
- Learning in Biological and Artificial Systems Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Neuropeptides, Cognition, Animal Models of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12, P.O. Box: 99, 7602, Pécs, Hungary
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erika Kertes
- Learning in Biological and Artificial Systems Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Neuropeptides, Cognition, Animal Models of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12, P.O. Box: 99, 7602, Pécs, Hungary
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Rita Gálosi
- Learning in Biological and Artificial Systems Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Reinforcement Learning Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12, P.O. Box: 99, 7602, Pécs, Hungary
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Beáta Berta
- Learning in Biological and Artificial Systems Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Neuropeptides, Cognition, Animal Models of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12, P.O. Box: 99, 7602, Pécs, Hungary
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ádám Szabó
- Learning in Biological and Artificial Systems Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12, P.O. Box: 99, 7602, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kristóf László
- Neuropeptides, Cognition, Animal Models of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12, P.O. Box: 99, 7602, Pécs, Hungary
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Olga Zagoracz
- Neuropeptides, Cognition, Animal Models of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12, P.O. Box: 99, 7602, Pécs, Hungary
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Karádi
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12, P.O. Box: 99, 7602, Pécs, Hungary
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology and Neurophysiology Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Veronika Kállai
- Learning in Biological and Artificial Systems Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Neuropeptides, Cognition, Animal Models of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12, P.O. Box: 99, 7602, Pécs, Hungary
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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2
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Maitra R, Lemmers-Jansen ILJ, Vooren M, Vanes L, Szentgyorgyi T, Crisp C, Mouchlianitis E, Shergill SS. Understanding the mechanisms underlying cognitive control in psychosis. Psychol Med 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38780379 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724001119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive control (CC) involves a top-down mechanism to flexibly respond to complex stimuli and is impaired in schizophrenia. METHODS This study investigated the impact of increasing complexity of CC processing in 140 subjects with psychosis and 39 healthy adults, with assessments of behavioral performance, neural regions of interest and symptom severity. RESULTS The lowest level of CC (Stroop task) was impaired in all patients; the intermediate level of CC (Faces task) with explicit emotional information was most impaired in patients with first episode psychosis. Patients showed activation of distinct neural CC and reward networks, but iterative learning based on the higher-order of CC during the trust game, was most impaired in chronic schizophrenia. Subjects with first episode psychosis, and patients with lower symptom load, demonstrate flexibility of the CC network to facilitate learning, which appeared compromised in the more chronic stages of schizophrenia. CONCLUSION These data suggest optimal windows for opportunities to introduce therapeutic interventions to improve CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Maitra
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - I L J Lemmers-Jansen
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam (iBBA), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Vooren
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Educational Studies, Section Methods and Statistics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- LEARN! Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Center for Learning Analytics (ACLA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lucy Vanes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Timea Szentgyorgyi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Crisp
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Elias Mouchlianitis
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
| | - S S Shergill
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Kent and Medway Medical School, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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3
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Zerva MC, Triantafylloudis C, Paspaliaris V, Skoulakis EMC, Papanikolopoulou K. Choline Metabolites Reverse Differentially the Habituation Deficit and Elevated Memory of Tau Null Drosophila. Cells 2024; 13:746. [PMID: 38727282 PMCID: PMC11083674 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Impaired neuronal plasticity and cognitive decline are cardinal features of Alzheimer's disease and related Tauopathies. Aberrantly modified Tau protein and neurotransmitter imbalance, predominantly involving acetylcholine, have been linked to these symptoms. In Drosophila, we have shown that dTau loss specifically enhances associative long-term olfactory memory, impairs foot shock habituation, and deregulates proteins involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter levels, particularly acetylcholine. Interestingly, upon choline treatment, the habituation and memory performance of mutants are restored to that of control flies. Based on these surprising results, we decided to use our well-established genetic model to understand how habituation deficits and memory performance correlate with different aspects of choline physiology as an essential component of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, the lipid phosphatidylcholine, and the osmoregulator betaine. The results revealed that the two observed phenotypes are reversed by different choline metabolites, implying that they are governed by different underlying mechanisms. This work can contribute to a broader knowledge about the physiologic function of Tau, which may be translated into understanding the mechanisms of Tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Christina Zerva
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, 16672 Vari, Greece (V.P.)
- Athens International Master’s Program in Neurosciences, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Triantafylloudis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, 16672 Vari, Greece (V.P.)
- Master’s Program in Molecular Biomedicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Paspaliaris
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, 16672 Vari, Greece (V.P.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Efthimios M. C. Skoulakis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, 16672 Vari, Greece (V.P.)
| | - Katerina Papanikolopoulou
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, 16672 Vari, Greece (V.P.)
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Smucny J, Lesh TA, Niendam TA, Ragland JD, Tully LM, Carter CS. Evidence for functional improvement in reward anticipation in recent onset schizophrenia after one year of coordinated specialty care. Psychol Med 2023; 53:6280-6287. [PMID: 36420704 PMCID: PMC10520583 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722003592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motivational impairment associated with deficits in processing the anticipation of future reward is hypothesized to be a cardinal feature of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SZ). Evidence from short-term follow-up (6-week post-treatment) studies suggests that these deficits may improve or be reversed with treatment, although longer-term outcomes are unknown. Here we examined the one-year trajectory of functional activation in brain circuitry associated with reward anticipation in people with recent onset SZ who participated in coordinated specialty care (CSC) treatment, hypothesizing normalization of brain response mirroring previous short-term findings in first-episode individuals. METHOD Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, anterior insula, and ventral striatum (VS) associated with reward anticipation during the Incentivized Control Engagement Task (ICE-T) was analyzed in a baseline sample of 49 healthy controls (HCs) and 52 demographically matched people with SZ, with follow-up data available for 35 HCs and 17 people with SZ. RESULTS In agreement with our hypothesis, significant time × diagnosis interactions were observed across all regions, in which reward anticipation-associated BOLD response increased in SZ to above baseline HC levels at follow-up. Increased VS activation was associated with decreased reality distortion symptoms over the follow-up period. Baseline reward anticipation-associated BOLD response in the right anterior insula was associated with improvement in reality distortion symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that functional deficits in reward anticipation may be reversed after one year of CSC in recent onset participants with SZ, and that this improvement is associated with reduced positive symptoms in the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Smucny
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Tyler A. Lesh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Tara A. Niendam
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - J. Daniel Ragland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Laura M. Tully
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Cameron S. Carter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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5
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McHugo M, Avery S, Armstrong K, Rogers BP, Vandekar SN, Woodward ND, Blackford JU, Heckers S. Anterior hippocampal dysfunction in early psychosis: a 2-year follow-up study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:160-169. [PMID: 33875028 PMCID: PMC8919704 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721001318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional studies indicate that hippocampal function is abnormal across stages of psychosis. Neural theories of psychosis pathophysiology suggest that dysfunction worsens with illness stage. Here, we test the hypothesis that hippocampal function is impaired in the early stage of psychosis and declines further over the next 2 years. METHODS We measured hippocampal function over 2 years using a scene processing task in 147 participants (76 individuals in the early stage of a non-affective psychotic disorder and 71 demographically similar healthy control individuals). Two-year follow-up was completed in 97 individuals (50 early psychosis, 47 healthy control). Voxelwise longitudinal analysis of activation in response to scenes was carried out within a hippocampal region of interest to test for group differences at baseline and a group by time interaction. RESULTS At baseline, we observed lower anterior hippocampal activation in the early psychosis group relative to the healthy control group. Contrary to our hypothesis, hippocampal activation remained consistent and did not show the predicted decline over 2 years in the early psychosis group. Healthy controls showed a modest reduction in hippocampal activation after 2 years. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that hippocampal dysfunction in early psychosis does not worsen over 2 years and highlight the need for longer-term longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen McHugo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Suzanne Avery
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kristan Armstrong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Baxter P. Rogers
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Simon N. Vandekar
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Neil D. Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer Urbano Blackford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Research and Development, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, United States Department of Veteran Affairs
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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6
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Kim N, Grégoire L, Razavi M, Yan N, Ahn CR, Anderson BA. Virtual accident curb risk habituation in workers by restoring sensory responses to real-world warning. iScience 2022; 26:105827. [PMID: 36636343 PMCID: PMC9830218 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In high-risk work environments, workers become habituated to hazards they frequently encounter, subsequently underestimating risk and engaging in unsafe behaviors. This phenomenon has been termed "risk habituation" and identified as a vital root cause of fatalities and injuries at workplaces. Providing an effective intervention that curbs workers' risk habituation is critical in preventing occupational injuries and fatalities. However, there exists no empirically supported intervention for curbing risk habituation. To this end, here we investigated how experiencing an accident in a virtual reality (VR) environment affects workers' risk habituation toward repeatedly exposed workplace hazards. We examined an underlying mechanism of risk habituation at the sensory level and evaluated the effect of the accident intervention through electroencephalography (EEG). The results of pre- and posttreatment analyses indicate experiencing the virtual accident effectively curbs risk habituation at both the behavioral and sensory level. The findings open new vistas for occupational safety training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namgyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Laurent Grégoire
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Moein Razavi
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Niya Yan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Changbum R. Ahn
- Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Corresponding author
| | - Brian A. Anderson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Corresponding author
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7
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Foka K, Georganta EM, Semelidou O, Skoulakis EMC. Loss of the Schizophrenia-Linked Furin Protein from Drosophila Mushroom Body Neurons Results in Antipsychotic-Reversible Habituation Deficits. J Neurosci 2022; 42:7496-7511. [PMID: 36028314 PMCID: PMC9525163 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1055-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Habituation is a conserved adaptive process essential for incoming information assessment, which drives the behavioral response decrement to recurrent inconsequential stimuli and does not involve sensory adaptation or fatigue. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying the process are not well understood, habituation has been reported to be defective in a number of disorders including schizophrenia. We demonstrate that loss of furin1, the Drosophila homolog of a gene whose transcriptional downregulation has been linked to schizophrenia, results in defective habituation to recurrent footshocks in mixed sex populations. The deficit is reversible by transgenic expression of the Drosophila or human Furin in adult α'/β' mushroom body neurons and by acute oral delivery of the typical antipsychotic haloperidol and the atypical clozapine, which are commonly used to treat schizophrenic patients. The results validate the proposed contribution of Furin downregulation in schizophrenia and suggest that defective footshock habituation is a Drosophila protophenotype of the human disorder.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Genome-wide association studies have revealed a number of loci linked to schizophrenia, but most have not been verified experimentally in a relevant behavioral task. Habituation deficits constitute a schizophrenia endophenotype. Drosophila with attenuated expression of the schizophrenia-linked highly conserved Furin gene present delayed habituation reversible with acute exposure to antipsychotics. This strongly suggests that footshock habituation defects constitute a schizophrenia protophenotype in Drosophila Furthermore, determination of the neurons whose regulated activity is required for footshock habituation provides a facile metazoan system to expediently validate putative schizophrenia genes and variants in a well understood simple brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Foka
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Science Research Centre "Alexander Fleming," 16672 Vari, Greece
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eirini-Maria Georganta
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Science Research Centre "Alexander Fleming," 16672 Vari, Greece
| | - Ourania Semelidou
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Science Research Centre "Alexander Fleming," 16672 Vari, Greece
| | - Efthimios M C Skoulakis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Science Research Centre "Alexander Fleming," 16672 Vari, Greece
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8
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Kilonzo K, Strahnen D, Prex V, Gems J, van der Veen B, Kapanaiah SKT, Murthy BKB, Schulz S, Sprengel R, Bannerman D, Kätzel D. Distinct contributions of GluA1-containing AMPA receptors of different hippocampal subfields to salience processing, memory and impulse control. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:102. [PMID: 35288531 PMCID: PMC8921206 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01863-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with a broad range of severe and currently pharmacoresistant cognitive deficits. Prior evidence suggests that hypofunction of AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) containing the subunit GLUA1, encoded by GRIA1, might be causally related to impairments of selective attention and memory in this disorder, at least in some patients. In order to clarify the roles of GluA1 in distinct cell populations, we investigated behavioural consequences of selective Gria1-knockout in excitatory neurons of subdivisions of the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, assessing sustained attention, impulsivity, cognitive flexibility, anxiety, sociability, hyperactivity, and various forms of short-term memory in mice. We found that virally induced reduction of GluA1 across multiple hippocampal subfields impaired spatial working memory. Transgene-mediated ablation of GluA1 from excitatory cells of CA2 impaired short-term memory for conspecifics and objects. Gria1 knockout in CA3 pyramidal cells caused mild impairments of object-related and spatial short-term memory, but appeared to partially increase social interaction and sustained attention and to reduce motor impulsivity. Our data suggest that reduced hippocampal GluA1 expression-as seen in some patients with schizophrenia-may be a central cause particularly for several short-term memory deficits. However, as impulse control and sustained attention actually appeared to improve with GluA1 ablation in CA3, strategies of enhancement of AMPAR signalling likely require a fine balance to be therapeutically effective across the broad symptom spectrum of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasyoka Kilonzo
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Strahnen
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Vivien Prex
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - John Gems
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bastiaan van der Veen
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Bhargavi K. B. Murthy
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schulz
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rolf Sprengel
- grid.414703.50000 0001 2202 0959Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Bannerman
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dennis Kätzel
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
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9
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Plassard AJ, Bao S, McHugo M, Beason-Held L, Blackford JU, Heckers S, Landman BA. Automated, open-source segmentation of the Hippocampus and amygdala with the open Vanderbilt archive of the temporal lobe. Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 81:17-23. [PMID: 33901584 PMCID: PMC8715642 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Examining volumetric differences of the amygdala and anterior-posterior regions of the hippocampus is important for understanding cognition and clinical disorders. However, the gold standard manual segmentation of these structures is time and labor-intensive. Automated, accurate, and reproducible techniques to segment the hippocampus and amygdala are desirable. Here, we present a hierarchical approach to multi-atlas segmentation of the hippocampus head, body and tail and the amygdala based on atlases from 195 individuals. The Open Vanderbilt Archive of the temporal Lobe (OVAL) segmentation technique outperforms the commonly used FreeSurfer, FSL FIRST, and whole-brain multi-atlas segmentation approaches for the full hippocampus and amygdala and nears or exceeds inter-rater reproducibility for segmentation of the hippocampus head, body and tail. OVAL has been released in open-source and is freely available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Plassard
- Vanderbilt University, Computer Science, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
| | - Shunxing Bao
- Vanderbilt University, Computer Science, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
| | - Maureen McHugo
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
| | - Lori Beason-Held
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 31 Center Dr, #5C27 MSC 2292, Building 31, Room 5C27, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-0001, USA.
| | - Jennifer U Blackford
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
| | - Bennett A Landman
- Vanderbilt University, Computer Science, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Vanderbilt University, Electrical Engineering, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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10
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Banono NS, Gawel K, De Witte L, Esguerra CV. Zebrafish Larvae Carrying a Splice Variant Mutation in cacna1d: A New Model for Schizophrenia-Like Behaviours? Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:877-894. [PMID: 33057948 PMCID: PMC7843589 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Persons with certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CACNA1D gene (encoding voltage-gated calcium channel subunit alpha 1-D) have increased risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders such as bipolar, schizophrenia and autism. The molecular consequences of SNPs on gene expression and protein function are not well understood. Thus, the use of animal models to determine genotype-phenotype correlations is critical to understanding disease pathogenesis. Here, we describe the behavioural changes in larval zebrafish carrying an essential splice site mutation (sa17298) in cacna1da. Heterozygous mutation resulted in 50% reduction of splice variants 201 and 202 (haploinsufficiency), while homozygosity increased transcript levels of variant 201 above wild type (WT; gain-of-function, GOF). Due to low homozygote viability, we focused primarily on performing the phenotypic analysis on heterozygotes. Indeed, cacna1dasa17298/WT larvae displayed hyperlocomotion-a behaviour characterised in zebrafish as a surrogate phenotype for epilepsy, anxiety or psychosis-like behaviour. Follow-up tests ruled out anxiety or seizures, however, as neither thigmotaxis defects nor epileptiform-like discharges in larval brains were observed. We therefore focused on testing for potential "psychosis-like" behaviour by assaying cacna1dasa17298/WT larval locomotor activity under constant light, during light-dark transition and in startle response to dark flashes. Furthermore, exposure of larvae to the antipsychotics, risperidone and haloperidol reversed cacna1da-induced hyperactivity to WT levels while valproate decreased but did not reverse hyperactivity. Together, these findings demonstrate that cacna1da haploinsufficiency induces behaviours in larval zebrafish analogous to those observed in rodent models of psychosis. Future studies on homozygous mutants will determine how cacna1d GOF alters behaviour in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Saana Banono
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Gaustadalléen 21, Forskningsparken, 0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kinga Gawel
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Gaustadalléen 21, Forskningsparken, 0349, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego Str. 8b, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Linus De Witte
- Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, AP Hogeschool Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Camila V Esguerra
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Gaustadalléen 21, Forskningsparken, 0349, Oslo, Norway.
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Sem Sælandsvei 24, 0371, Oslo, Norway.
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11
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Avery SN, McHugo M, Armstrong K, Blackford JU, Woodward ND, Heckers S. Stable habituation deficits in the early stage of psychosis: a 2-year follow-up study. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:20. [PMID: 33414431 PMCID: PMC7791099 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural habituation, the decrease in brain response to repeated stimuli, is a fundamental, highly conserved mechanism that acts as an essential filter for our complex sensory environment. Convergent evidence indicates neural habituation is disrupted in both early and chronic stages of schizophrenia, with deficits co-occurring in brain regions that show inhibitory dysfunction. As inhibitory deficits have been proposed to contribute to the onset and progression of illness, habituation may be an important treatment target. However, a crucial first step is clarifying whether habituation deficits progress with illness. In the present study, we measured neural habituation in 138 participants (70 early psychosis patients (<2 years of illness), 68 healthy controls), with 108 participants assessed longitudinally at both baseline and 2-year follow-up. At follow-up, all early psychosis patients met criteria for a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (i.e., schizophreniform disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder). Habituation slopes (i.e., rate of fMRI signal change) to repeated images were computed for the anterior hippocampus, occipital cortex, and the fusiform face area. Habituation slopes were entered into a linear mixed model to test for effects of group and time by region. We found that early psychosis patients showed habituation deficits relative to healthy control participants across brain regions, and that these deficits were maintained, but did not worsen, over two years. These results suggest a stable period of habituation deficits in the early stage of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne N. Avery
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Maureen McHugo
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Kristan Armstrong
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Jennifer Urbano Blackford
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA ,grid.413806.8Research Health Scientist, Research and Development, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Neil D. Woodward
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Stephan Heckers
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
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12
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McKinney RA, Avery SN, Armstrong K, Blackford JU, Woodward ND, Heckers S. Relational memory in the early stage of psychotic bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res 2020; 294:113508. [PMID: 33096436 PMCID: PMC7809627 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Relational memory is impaired in psychotic disorders. In non-affective psychotic disorders, relational memory deficits are present in the early stage of illness and become more pronounced in the chronic stage. Previous studies have demonstrated cognitive deficits in early-stage psychotic bipolar disorder, but it is unclear whether relational memory is impaired. We examined relational memory using a face-scene binding task in early-stage psychotic bipolar disorder patients (n = 33) and compared their performance with healthy control (n = 40) and early-stage non-affective psychosis participants (n = 40). During training, participants learned to associate faces with background scenes. During testing, participants viewed a scene overlaid by three faces and were asked to recall the matching face. Relational memory was assessed indirectly using eye movements and explicitly using forced-choice recognition. Preferential viewing of the matching face, as captured by overall proportion of viewing and viewing across time, was significantly lower in psychotic bipolar disorder than in the healthy control group. However, preferential viewing of the matching face in psychotic bipolar disorder was significantly better than in non-affective psychosis. These findings provide novel evidence that relational memory in patients with early-stage psychotic bipolar disorder is intermediate between healthy control and early-stage non-affective psychosis subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A McKinney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
| | - Suzanne N Avery
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212 USA.
| | - Kristan Armstrong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
| | - Jennifer Urbano Blackford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212 USA; Research Health Scientist, Research and Development, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
| | - Neil D Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
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13
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Kätzel D, Wolff AR, Bygrave AM, Bannerman DM. Hippocampal Hyperactivity as a Druggable Circuit-Level Origin of Aberrant Salience in Schizophrenia. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:486811. [PMID: 33178010 PMCID: PMC7596262 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.486811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of current neuroleptics was largely aiming to decrease excessive dopaminergic signaling in the striatum. However, the notion that abnormal dopamine creates psychotic symptoms by causing an aberrant assignment of salience that drives maladaptive learning chronically during disease development suggests a therapeutic value of early interventions that correct salience-related neural processing. The mesolimbic dopaminergic output is modulated by several interconnected brain-wide circuits centrally involving the hippocampus and key relays like the ventral and associative striatum, ventral pallidum, amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, nucleus reuniens, lateral and medial septum, prefrontal and cingulate cortex, among others. Unraveling the causal relationships between these circuits using modern neuroscience techniques holds promise for identifying novel cellular-and ultimately molecular-treatment targets for reducing transition to psychosis and symptoms of schizophrenia. Imaging studies in humans have implicated a hyperactivity of the hippocampus as a robust and early endophenotype in schizophrenia. Experiments in rodents, in turn, suggested that the activity of its output region-the ventral subiculum-may modulate dopamine release from ventral tegmental area (VTA) neurons in the ventral striatum. Even though these observations suggested a novel circuit-level target for anti-psychotic action, no therapy has yet been developed along this rationale. Recently evaluated treatment strategies-at least in part-target excess glutamatergic activity, e.g. N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), levetiracetam, and mGluR2/3 modulators. We here review the evidence for the central implication of the hippocampus-VTA axis in schizophrenia-related pathology, discuss its symptom-related implications with a particular focus on aberrant assignment of salience, and evaluate some of its short-comings and prospects for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Kätzel
- Institute for Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Amy R. Wolff
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Alexei M. Bygrave
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David M. Bannerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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14
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Avery SN, McHugo M, Armstrong K, Blackford JU, Vandekar S, Woodward ND, Heckers S. Habituation during encoding: A new approach to the evaluation of memory deficits in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2020; 223:179-185. [PMID: 32736836 PMCID: PMC7704891 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Memory is significantly impaired in schizophrenia. However, memory measures are often complex and confounded by additional impairments such as motivation and task comprehension, which can affect behavioral performance and obscure neural function during memory tasks. Neural signatures of memory encoding that are robust to potential confounds may shed additional light on neural deficits contributing to memory impairment in schizophrenia. METHODS Here, we investigate a potential neural signature of memory-habituation-and its relationship with healthy and impaired memory function. To limit potential confounds, we used a passive depth of encoding memory task designed to elicit neural responses associated with memory encoding while limiting other cognitive demands. To determine whether habituation during encoding was predictive of intact memory processing, we first compared neural habituation over repeated encoding exposures with subsequent explicit memory in healthy individuals. We then tested whether a similar relationship existed in patients with schizophrenia. RESULTS Explicit memory performance was impaired in patients with schizophrenia relative to healthy control subjects. In healthy participants, more habituation over repeated exposures during encoding was associated with greater repetition-related increases in accuracy during testing. However, in patients with schizophrenia, better performance was associated with less habituation, or a more sustained neural response during encoding. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that sustained neural activity is required for normal repetition-related improvements in memory performance in schizophrenia, in line with a neural inefficiency model. Habituation may serve as a valuable index of neural processes that underlie behavioral memory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne N. Avery
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Maureen McHugo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kristan Armstrong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jennifer U. Blackford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Simon Vandekar
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Neil D. Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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15
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Evidence for inhibited temperament as a transdiagnostic factor across mood and psychotic disorders. J Affect Disord 2020; 274:995-1003. [PMID: 32664044 PMCID: PMC7540608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The conceptualization of risk for psychiatric illness is moving from risk factors for specific psychiatric disorders to factors that confer risk for multiple disorders. One potential transdiagnostic risk factor is inhibited temperament, a trait characterized by a fearful or avoidant response to novelty. Inhibited temperament is an established risk factor for anxiety disorders, and evidence suggests inhibited temperament is elevated in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. METHODS In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that inhibited temperament is a transdiagnostic factor in 490 participants including individuals with schizophrenia (n=184), psychotic bipolar disorder (n=61), major depression disorder (n=53), or no disorders (n=192). Participants completed assessments of temperament, personality, clinical symptoms, cognition, and functioning. An ANOVA was used to test for group differences in inhibited temperament scores. Regressions were used to test whether inhibited temperament scores were associated with the current measures and whether the associations were similar across disorders. RESULTS Inhibited temperament was similarly elevated in all patient groups compared to controls. Inhibited temperament was similarly associated with anxiety, depression, negative affect, and quality of life across patient groups. Inhibited temperament was not associated with cognition or functional impairment. LIMITATION Although the inhibited temperament measure is commonly used, it is a retrospective self-report which may be susceptible to biases. CONCLUSIONS The current study provides evidence that inhibited temperament is a transdiagnostic factor impacting affective systems across mood and psychotic disorders. Inhibited patients may especially benefit from treatments that specifically target anxiety and depression.
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16
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Sahakyan L, Meller T, Evermann U, Schmitt S, Pfarr JK, Sommer J, Kwapil TR, Nenadić I. Anterior vs Posterior Hippocampal Subfields in an Extended Psychosis Phenotype of Multidimensional Schizotypy in a Nonclinical Sample. Schizophr Bull 2020; 47:207-218. [PMID: 32691055 PMCID: PMC8208318 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have implicated involvement of the hippocampus in the etiology and expression of schizophrenia-spectrum psychopathology, and reduced hippocampal volume is one of the most robust brain abnormalities reported in schizophrenia. Recent studies indicate that early stages of schizophrenia are specifically characterized by reductions in anterior hippocampal volume; however, studies have not examined hippocampal volume reductions in subclinical schizotypy. The present study was the first to examine the associations of positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy dimensions with hippocampal subfield volumes in a large sample (n = 195) of nonclinically ascertained young adults, phenotyped using the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale (MSS). Hippocampal subfields were analyzed from high-resolution 3 Tesla structural magnetic resonance imaging scans testing anatomical models, including anterior vs posterior regions and the cornu ammonis (CA), dentate gyrus (DG), and subiculum subfields separately for the left and right hemispheres. We demonstrate differential spatial effects across anterior vs posterior hippocampus segments across different dimensions of the schizotypy risk phenotype. The interaction of negative and disorganized schizotypy robustly predicted left hemisphere volumetric reductions for the anterior and total hippocampus, and anterior CA and DG, and the largest reductions were seen in participants high in negative and disorganized schizotypy. These findings extend previous early psychosis studies and together with behavioral studies of hippocampal-related memory impairments provide the basis for a dimensional neurobiological hippocampal model of schizophrenia risk. Subtle hippocampal subfield volume reductions may be prevalent prior to the onset of detectable prodromal clinical symptoms of psychosis and play a role in the etiology and development of such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sahakyan
- Department of Psychology and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and
Technology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL
| | - Tina Meller
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,
Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrika Evermann
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,
Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), Marburg, Germany
| | - Simon Schmitt
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,
Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia-Katharina Pfarr
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,
Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), Marburg, Germany
| | - Jens Sommer
- Core Facility BrainImaging, School of Medicine, Philipps-University
Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas R Kwapil
- Department of Psychology and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and
Technology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,
Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), Marburg, Germany,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg,
Germany; tel: +49-6421-58-65002, fax: +49-6421-58-68939, e-mail:
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17
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Avery SN, Armstrong K, McHugo M, Vandekar S, Blackford JU, Woodward ND, Heckers S. Relational Memory in the Early Stage of Psychosis: A 2-Year Follow-up Study. Schizophr Bull 2020; 47:75-86. [PMID: 32657351 PMCID: PMC7825006 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relational memory, the ability to bind information into complex memories, is moderately impaired in early psychosis and severely impaired in chronic schizophrenia, suggesting relational memory may worsen throughout the course of illness. METHODS We examined relational memory in 66 early psychosis patients and 64 healthy control subjects, with 59 patients and 52 control subjects assessed longitudinally at baseline and 2-year follow-up. Relational memory was assessed with 2 complementary tasks, to test how individuals learn relationships between items (face-scene binding task) and make inferences about trained relationships (associative inference task). RESULTS The early psychosis group showed impaired relational memory in both tasks relative to the healthy control group. The ability to learn relationships between items remained impaired in early psychosis patients, while the ability to make inferences about trained relationships improved, although never reaching the level of healthy control performance. Early psychosis patients who did not progress to schizophrenia at follow-up had better relational memory than patients who did. CONCLUSIONS Relational memory impairments, some of which improve and are less severe in patients who do not progress to schizophrenia, are a target for intervention in early psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne N Avery
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kristan Armstrong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Maureen McHugo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Simon Vandekar
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jennifer Urbano Blackford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN,Department of Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Neil D Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Vanderbilt Psychiatric Hospital, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Room 3060, Nashville, TN 37212; tel: (615)-322-2665, fax: (615)-343-8400, e-mail:
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18
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Suh DY, Vandekar SN, Heckers S, Avery SN. Visual exploration differences during relational memory encoding in early psychosis. Psychiatry Res 2020; 287:112910. [PMID: 32200141 PMCID: PMC7176542 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Relational memory, or the ability to form contextual associations among items encountered closely in time, is impaired in schizophrenia. The ability to bind items into a relational memory is dependent on the hippocampus, a region that is abnormal in schizophrenia. However, the hippocampus is also involved in exploratory behavior, leaving open the question whether relational memory deficits in schizophrenia are due to failure of relational binding or diminished visual exploration of individual items during encoding. We studied visual exploration patterns during the encoding of face-scene pairs in 66 healthy control subjects and 69 early psychosis patients, to test the hypothesis that differences in visual exploration during the encoding phase can explain task accuracy differences between the two groups. Psychosis patients had lower explicit test accuracy and were less likely to transition from mouth to eyes during encoding. The visual exploration pattern differences between groups did not mediate the relationship between group and explicit test accuracy. We conclude that early psychosis patients have an abnormal pattern of binding items together during encoding that warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Suh
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Simon N Vandekar
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Suzanne N Avery
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA.
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19
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Oxidative-Antioxidant Imbalance and Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Schizophrenia. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030384. [PMID: 32121669 PMCID: PMC7175146 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder featuring chronic, complex neuropsychiatric features. The etiology and pathogenesis of schizophrenia are not fully understood. Oxidative-antioxidant imbalance is a potential determinant of schizophrenia. Oxidative, nitrosative, or sulfuric damage to enzymes of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle, as well as calcium transport and ATP biosynthesis might cause impaired bioenergetics function in the brain. This could explain the initial symptoms, such as the first psychotic episode and mild cognitive impairment. Another concept of the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia is associated with impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance with the activation of the mTOR mitochondrial pathway, which may contribute to impaired neuronal development. Consequently, cognitive processes requiring ATP are compromised and dysfunctions in synaptic transmission lead to neuronal death, preceding changes in key brain areas. This review summarizes the role and mutual interactions of oxidative damage and impaired glucose metabolism as key factors affecting metabolic complications in schizophrenia. These observations may be a premise for novel potential therapeutic targets that will delay not only the onset of first symptoms but also the progression of schizophrenia and its complications.
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20
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Deficient Hippocampal Habituation in Psychosis: A Manifestation of Hippocampal Overactivity? BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2019; 4:938-939. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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