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Lerose V, Ponticelli M, Benedetto N, Carlucci V, Lela L, Tzvetkov NT, Milella L. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, a Potential Source of Phytochemicals for Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:771. [PMID: 38592845 PMCID: PMC10976061 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal is a medicinal plant belonging to the traditional Indian medical system, showing various therapeutic effects such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, and hepatoprotective activity. Of great interest is W. somnifera's potential beneficial effect against neurodegenerative diseases, since the authorized medicinal treatments can only delay disease progression and provide symptomatic relief and are not without side effects. A systematic search of PubMed and Scopus databases was performed to identify preclinical and clinical studies focusing on the applications of W. somnifera in preventing neurodegenerative diseases. Only English articles and those containing the keywords (Withania somnifera AND "neurodegenerative diseases", "neuroprotective effects", "Huntington", "Parkinson", "Alzheimer", "Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis", "neurological disorders") in the title or abstract were considered. Reviews, editorials, letters, meta-analyses, conference papers, short surveys, and book chapters were not considered. Selected articles were grouped by pathologies and summarized, considering the mechanism of action. The quality assessment and the risk of bias were performed using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions checklist. This review uses a systematic approach to summarize the results from 60 investigations to highlight the potential role of W. somnifera and its specialized metabolites in treating or preventing neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lerose
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V.le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (V.L.); (N.B.); (V.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Maria Ponticelli
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V.le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (V.L.); (N.B.); (V.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Nadia Benedetto
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V.le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (V.L.); (N.B.); (V.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Vittorio Carlucci
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V.le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (V.L.); (N.B.); (V.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Ludovica Lela
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V.le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (V.L.); (N.B.); (V.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Nikolay T. Tzvetkov
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Roumen Tsanev”, Department of Biochemical Pharmacology & Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V.le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (V.L.); (N.B.); (V.C.); (L.L.)
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Jantas D, Warszyński P, Lasoń W. Carnosic Acid Shows Higher Neuroprotective Efficiency than Edaravone or Ebselen in In Vitro Models of Neuronal Cell Damage. Molecules 2023; 29:119. [PMID: 38202702 PMCID: PMC10779571 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study compared the neuroprotective efficacy of three antioxidants-the plant-derived carnosic acid (CA), and two synthetic free radical scavengers: edaravone (ED) and ebselen (EB)-in in vitro models of neuronal cell damage. Results showed that CA protected mouse primary neuronal cell cultures against hydrogen peroxide-induced damage more efficiently than ED or EB. The neuroprotective effects of CA were associated with attenuation of reactive oxygen species level and increased mitochondrial membrane potential but not with a reduction in caspase-3 activity. None of the tested substances was protective against glutamate or oxygen-glucose deprivation-evoked neuronal cell damage, and EB even increased the detrimental effects of these insults. Further experiments using the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells showed that CA but not ED or EB attenuated the cell damage induced by hydrogen peroxide and that the composition of culture medium is the critical factor in evaluating neuroprotective effects in this model. Our data indicate that the neuroprotective potential of CA, ED, and EB may be revealed in vitro only under specific conditions, with their rather narrow micromolar concentrations, relevant cellular model, type of toxic agent, and exposure time. Nevertheless, of the three compounds tested, CA displayed the most consistent neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Jantas
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, 31-343 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Piotr Warszyński
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Władysław Lasoń
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, 31-343 Krakow, Poland;
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Naderi M, Puar P, Zonouzi-Marand M, Chivers DP, Niyogi S, Kwong RWM. A comprehensive review on the neuropathophysiology of selenium. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:144329. [PMID: 33445002 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
As an essential micronutrient, selenium (Se) exerts its biological function as a catalytic entity in a variety of enzymes. From a toxicological perspective, however, Se can become extremely toxic at concentrations slightly above its nutritional levels. Over the last few decades, there has been a growing level of concern worldwide regarding the adverse effects of both inorganic and organic Se compounds on a broad spectrum of neurological functions. A wealth of evidence has shown that exposure to excess Se may compromise the normal functioning of various key proteins, neurotransmitter systems (the glutamatergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic systems), and signaling molecules involved in the control and regulation of cognitive, behavioral, and neuroendocrine functions. Elevated Se exposure has also been suspected to be a risk factor for the development of several neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Nonetheless, despite the various deleterious effects of excess Se on the central nervous system (CNS), Se neurotoxicity and negative behavioral outcomes are still disregarded at the expense of its beneficial health effects. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge regarding the neurobehavioral effects of Se and discusses its potential mode of action on different aspects of the central and peripheral nervous systems. This review also provides a brief history of Se discovery and uses, its physicochemical properties, biological roles in the CNS, environmental occurrence, and toxicity. We also review potential links between exposure to different forms of Se compounds and aberrant neurobehavioral functions in humans and animals, and identify key knowledge gaps and hypotheses for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Naderi
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Pankaj Puar
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | | | - Douglas P Chivers
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Som Niyogi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
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Toxicology and pharmacology of synthetic organoselenium compounds: an update. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1179-1226. [PMID: 33792762 PMCID: PMC8012418 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Here, we addressed the pharmacology and toxicology of synthetic organoselenium compounds and some naturally occurring organoselenium amino acids. The use of selenium as a tool in organic synthesis and as a pharmacological agent goes back to the middle of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries. The rediscovery of ebselen and its investigation in clinical trials have motivated the search for new organoselenium molecules with pharmacological properties. Although ebselen and diselenides have some overlapping pharmacological properties, their molecular targets are not identical. However, they have similar anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, possibly, via activation of transcription factors, regulating the expression of antioxidant genes. In short, our knowledge about the pharmacological properties of simple organoselenium compounds is still elusive. However, contrary to our early expectations that they could imitate selenoproteins, organoselenium compounds seem to have non-specific modulatory activation of antioxidant pathways and specific inhibitory effects in some thiol-containing proteins. The thiol-oxidizing properties of organoselenium compounds are considered the molecular basis of their chronic toxicity; however, the acute use of organoselenium compounds as inhibitors of specific thiol-containing enzymes can be of therapeutic significance. In summary, the outcomes of the clinical trials of ebselen as a mimetic of lithium or as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 proteases will be important to the field of organoselenium synthesis. The development of computational techniques that could predict rational modifications in the structure of organoselenium compounds to increase their specificity is required to construct a library of thiol-modifying agents with selectivity toward specific target proteins.
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Sharma G, Shin EJ, Sharma N, Nah SY, Mai HN, Nguyen BT, Jeong JH, Lei XG, Kim HC. Glutathione peroxidase-1 and neuromodulation: Novel potentials of an old enzyme. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 148:111945. [PMID: 33359022 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) acts in co-ordination with other signaling molecules to exert its own antioxidant role. We have demonstrated the protective effects of GPx,/GPx-1, a selenium-dependent enzyme, on various neurodegenerative disorders (i.e., Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia, and convulsive disorders). In addition, we summarized the recent findings indicating that GPx-1 might play a role as a neuromodulator in neuropsychiatric conditions, such as, stress, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and drug intoxication. In this review, we attempted to highlight the mechanistic scenarios mediated by the GPx/GPx-1 gene in impacting these neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, and hope to provide new insights on the therapeutic interventions against these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Naveen Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Huynh Nhu Mai
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea; Pharmacy Faculty, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City, 900000, Viet Nam
| | - Bao Trong Nguyen
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Xin Gen Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Jia ZQ, Li SQ, Qiao WQ, Xu WZ, Xing JW, Liu JT, Song H, Gao ZY, Xing BW, He XJ. Ebselen protects mitochondrial function and oxidative stress while inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway after acute spinal cord injury. Neurosci Lett 2018; 678:110-117. [PMID: 29733976 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Ebselen is a fat-soluble small molecule and organic selenium compound that regulates the activity of glutathione peroxidase to alleviate mitochondrial oxidative stress and improve mitochondrial function. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of ebselen on mitochondrial oxidative stress response, mitochondrial apotosis, and motor behaviors after spinal cord injury (SCI). We found that ebselen significantly increased the BBB score in motor behavior, thus suggesting a rescue effect of ebselen on motor function after SCI in rats. Meanwhile, we revealed that ebselen can increase glutathione (GSH) content as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities after SCI-this suggests ebselen has an antioxidant effect. Furthermore, the ATP content and Na+-K+-ATPase activity in mitochondria were increased by ebselen after SCI, while the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was decreased by ebselen. The Cytochrome C and Smac release from mitochondria were reduced by ebselen after SCI, thus indicating improved membrane permeability by ebselen. Moreover, the alterations in caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression, as well as the proportion of cell apoptosis were improved by ebselen treatment, which together suggested that ebselen has an inhibitory effect on mitochondrial apotosis pathways after SCI. Taken together, our results suggest that ebselen can inhibit secondary damage caused by spinal cord injury. Indeed it plays a neuroprotective role in spinal cord injury perhaps by improving mitochondrial function and inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian 710004, PR China; Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, PR China.
| | - San-Qiang Li
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, PR China
| | - Wei-Qiang Qiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, PR China
| | - Wen-Zhong Xu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, PR China
| | - Jian-Wu Xing
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, PR China
| | - Jian-Tao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian 710004, PR China
| | - Hui Song
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian 710004, PR China
| | - Zhong-Yang Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian 710004, PR China
| | - Bing-Wen Xing
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, PR China
| | - Xi-Jing He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian 710004, PR China.
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Katz DP, Majrashi M, Ramesh S, Govindarajulu M, Bhattacharya D, Bhattacharya S, Shlghom A, Bradford C, Suppiramaniam V, Deruiter J, Clark CR, Dhanasekaran M. Comparing the dopaminergic neurotoxic effects of benzylpiperazine and benzoylpiperazine. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 28:177-186. [PMID: 28874085 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1376024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Benzylpiperazine has been designated as Schedule I substance under the Controlled Substances Act by Drug Enforcement Administration. Benzylpiperazine is a piperazine derivative, elevates both dopamine and serotonin extracellular levels producing stimulatory and hallucinogenic effects, respectively, similar to methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). However, the comparative neurotoxic effects of Piperazine derivatives (benzylpiperazine and benzoylpiperazine) have not been elucidated. Here, piperazine derivatives (benzylpiperazine and benzoylpiperazine) were synthesized in our lab and the mechanisms of cellular-based neurotoxicity were elucidated in a dopaminergic human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y). We evaluated the in vitro effects of benzylpiperazine and benzoylpiperazine on the generation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial complex-I activity, catalase activity, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione content, Bax, caspase-3, Bcl-2 and tyrosine hydroxylase expression. Benzylpiperazine and benzoylpiperazine induced oxidative stress, inhibited mitochondrial functions and stimulated apoptosis. This study provides a germinal assessment of the neurotoxic mechanisms induced by piperazine derivatives that lead to neuronal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Katz
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Mohammed Majrashi
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA.,b Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Jeddah University , Jeddah , KSA
| | - Sindhu Ramesh
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Manoj Govindarajulu
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Dwipayan Bhattacharya
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Subhrajit Bhattacharya
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Aimen Shlghom
- c Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences , Tuskegee University , Tuskegee , AL , USA
| | - Chastity Bradford
- c Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences , Tuskegee University , Tuskegee , AL , USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Jack Deruiter
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - C Randall Clark
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- a Department of Drug Discovery and Development , Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
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Nataraj J, Manivasagam T, Thenmozhi AJ, Essa MM. Lutein protects dopaminergic neurons against MPTP-induced apoptotic death and motor dysfunction by ameliorating mitochondrial disruption and oxidative stress. Nutr Neurosci 2015; 19:237-46. [DOI: 10.1179/1476830515y.0000000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Zheng M, Ahuja M, Bhattacharya D, Clement TP, Hayworth JS, Dhanasekaran M. Evaluation of differential cytotoxic effects of the oil spill dispersant Corexit 9500. Life Sci 2013; 95:108-17. [PMID: 24361361 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The British Petroleum (BP) oil spill has raised several ecological and health concerns. As the first response, BP used a chemical dispersant, Corexit-9500, to disperse the crude oil in the Gulf of Mexico to limit shoreline contamination problems. Nevertheless, portions of this oil/Corexit mixture reached the shoreline and still remain in various Gulf shore environments. The use of Corexit itself has become a significant concern since its impacts on human health and environment is unclear. MAIN METHODS In this study, in vitro cytotoxic effects of Corexit were evaluated using different mammalian cells. KEY FINDINGS Under serum free conditions, the LC50 value for Corexit in BL16/BL6 cell was 16 ppm, in 1321N1 cell was 33 ppm, in H19-7 cell was 70 ppm, in HEK293 was 93 ppm, and in HK-2 cell was 95 ppm. With regard to the mechanisms of cytotoxicity, we hypothesize that Corexit can possibly induce cytotoxicity in mammalian cells by altering the intracellular oxidative balance and inhibiting mitochondrial functions. Corexit induced increased reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxide levels; also, it depleted glutathione content and altered catalase activity in H19-7 cells. In addition, there was mitochondrial complex-I inhibition and increase in the pro-apoptotic factors including caspase-3 and BAX expression. SIGNIFICANCE The experimental results show changes in intracellular oxidative radicals leading to mitochondrial dysfunctions and apoptosis in Corexit treatments, possibly contributing to cell death. Our findings raise concerns about using large volumes of Corexit, a potential environmental toxin, in sensitive ocean environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Zheng
- Department of Civil Engineering, 212 Harbert Engineering Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Manuj Ahuja
- Department of Pharmacal Sciences, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Dwipayan Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacal Sciences, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - T Prabhakar Clement
- Department of Civil Engineering, 212 Harbert Engineering Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Joel S Hayworth
- Department of Civil Engineering, 212 Harbert Engineering Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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Koulajian K, Ivovic A, Ye K, Desai T, Shah A, Fantus IG, Ran Q, Giacca A. Overexpression of glutathione peroxidase 4 prevents β-cell dysfunction induced by prolonged elevation of lipids in vivo. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 305:E254-62. [PMID: 23695217 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00481.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that oxidative stress is a mechanism of free fatty acid (FFA)-induced β-cell dysfunction. Unsaturated fatty acids in membranes, including plasma and mitochondrial membranes, are substrates for lipid peroxidation, and lipid peroxidation products are known to cause impaired insulin secretion. Therefore, we hypothesized that mice overexpressing glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPx4), an enzyme that specifically reduces lipid peroxides, are protected from fat-induced β-cell dysfunction. GPx4-overexpressing mice and their wild-type littermate controls were infused intravenously with saline or oleate for 48 h, after which reactive oxygen species (ROS) were imaged, using dihydrodichlorofluorescein diacetate in isolated islets, and β-cell function was assessed ex vivo in isolated islets and in vivo during hyperglycemic clamps. Forty-eight-hour FFA elevation in wild-type mice increased ROS and the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde and impaired β-cell function ex vivo in isolated islets and in vivo, as assessed by decreased disposition index. Also, islets of wild-type mice exposed to oleate for 48 h had increased ROS and lipid peroxides and decreased β-cell function. In contrast, GPx4-overexpressing mice showed no FFA-induced increase in ROS and lipid peroxidation and were protected from the FFA-induced impairment of β-cell function assessed in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. These results implicate lipid peroxidation in FFA-induced β-cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khajag Koulajian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Toxicology and pharmacology of selenium: emphasis on synthetic organoselenium compounds. Arch Toxicol 2011; 85:1313-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ouertatani-Sakouhi H, El-Turk F, Fauvet B, Cho MK, Pinar Karpinar D, Le Roy D, Dewor M, Roger T, Bernhagen J, Calandra T, Zweckstetter M, Lashuel HA. Identification and characterization of novel classes of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) inhibitors with distinct mechanisms of action. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:26581-98. [PMID: 20516071 PMCID: PMC2924096 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.113951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 05/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a proinflammatory cytokine, is considered an attractive therapeutic target in multiple inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. In addition to its known biologic activities, MIF can also function as a tautomerase. Several small molecules have been reported to be effective inhibitors of MIF tautomerase activity in vitro. Herein we employed a robust activity-based assay to identify different classes of novel inhibitors of the catalytic and biological activities of MIF. Several novel chemical classes of inhibitors of the catalytic activity of MIF with IC(50) values in the range of 0.2-15.5 microm were identified and validated. The interaction site and mechanism of action of these inhibitors were defined using structure-activity studies and a battery of biochemical and biophysical methods. MIF inhibitors emerging from these studies could be divided into three categories based on their mechanism of action: 1) molecules that covalently modify the catalytic site at the N-terminal proline residue, Pro(1); 2) a novel class of catalytic site inhibitors; and finally 3) molecules that disrupt the trimeric structure of MIF. Importantly, all inhibitors demonstrated total inhibition of MIF-mediated glucocorticoid overriding and AKT phosphorylation, whereas ebselen, a trimer-disrupting inhibitor, additionally acted as a potent hyperagonist in MIF-mediated chemotactic migration. The identification of biologically active compounds with known toxicity, pharmacokinetic properties, and biological activities in vivo should accelerate the development of clinically relevant MIF inhibitors. Furthermore, the diversity of chemical structures and mechanisms of action of our inhibitors makes them ideal mechanistic probes for elucidating the structure-function relationships of MIF and to further determine the role of the oligomerization state and catalytic activity of MIF in regulating the function(s) of MIF in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Ouertatani-Sakouhi
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Functional Neuroproteomics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farah El-Turk
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Functional Neuroproteomics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Fauvet
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Functional Neuroproteomics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Min-Kyu Cho
- the Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Damla Pinar Karpinar
- the Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Didier Le Roy
- the Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland, and
| | - Manfred Dewor
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rheinisch-Westfälische, Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Thierry Roger
- the Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland, and
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rheinisch-Westfälische, Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Thierry Calandra
- the Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland, and
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- the Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Hilal A. Lashuel
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Functional Neuroproteomics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Dhanasekaran M, Karuppagounder SS, Uthayathas S, Wold LE, Parameshwaran K, Jayachandra Babu R, Suppiramaniam V, Brown-Borg H. Effect of dopaminergic neurotoxin MPTP/MPP+ on coenzyme Q content. Life Sci 2008; 83:92-5. [PMID: 18565546 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Revised: 04/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10, an endogenous lipophilic antioxidant, plays an indispensable role in ATP synthesis. The therapeutic value of coenzyme Q10 in Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders is still being tested and the preliminary results are promising. The 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mouse is a valid and accepted animal model for Parkinson's disease. 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) is an active toxic metabolite of MPTP. MPP(+) and MPTP are known to induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the effect of MPP(+) and MPTP on coenzyme Q is not clearly understood. The present study investigated the in vitro and in vivo effect of MPP(+) and MPTP on coenzyme Q content. Coenzyme Q content was measured using HPLC-UV detection methods. In the in vitro studies, MPP(+) (0-50 microM) was incubated with SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells and NG-108-15 (mouse/rat, neuroblastomaxglioma hybrid) cells. MPP(+) concentration dependently increased coenzyme Q10 content in SH-SY5Y cells. In NG-108-15 cells, MPP(+) concentration dependently increased both coenzyme Q9 and Q10 content. In the in vivo study, mice were administered with MPTP (30 mg/kg, twice 16 h apart) and sacrificed one week after the last administration. Administration of MPTP to mice significantly increased coenzyme Q9 and coenzyme Q10 levels in the nigrostriatal tract. However, MPTP did not affect the coenzyme Q content in the cerebellum, cortex and pons. This study demonstrated that MPP(+)/MPTP significantly affected the coenzyme Q content in the SH-SY5Y and NG-108 cells and in the mouse nigrostriatal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacal Sciences, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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14
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Therapeutic attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in neurotoxin models of Parkinson's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2008; 1782:151-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2007.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Revised: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Tonooka N, Oseid E, Zhou H, Harmon JS, Robertson RP. Glutathione peroxidase protein expression and activity in human islets isolated for transplantation. Clin Transplant 2008; 21:767-72. [PMID: 17988272 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2007.00736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexpression of antioxidant enzymes has been reported to protect rodent beta cells from oxidative stress. However, very little is known about protein expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes in human islets. METHOD/RESULTS Human islet protein levels by Western analysis and enzymatic activity for the key antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutases (SODs), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx) were examined. Enzyme protein expression and activity were in the order SODs > catalase > GPx. Human islet GPx protein expression was significantly less than that found for catalase (p < 0.0001) and levels of GPx activity were virtually undetectable. As glucose and estrogens have been proposed to alter antioxidant enzyme levels, we examined islet data from male and female donors separately and under varying glucose concentrations. We found significantly less (p < 0.001) GPx protein expression in islets from females compared to males, but no significant regulation by glucose in either gender. CONCLUSIONS Human islets have very low protein and activity levels for GPx, the essential enzyme for protection against excessive levels of intracellular lipid peroxides. GPx mimetics may be especially valuable in providing human islets with the broadest spectrum of protection against oxidative stress during isolation and transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Tonooka
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, University of Washington, WA 98122, USA
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16
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Uthayathas S, Karuppagounder SS, Tamer SI, Parameshwaran K, Degim T, Suppiramaniam V, Dhanasekaran M. Evaluation of neuroprotective and anti-fatigue effects of sildenafil. Life Sci 2007; 81:988-92. [PMID: 17825848 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2007] [Revised: 07/02/2007] [Accepted: 07/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor is widely used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Recently, the FDA approved the use of sildenafil in the therapeutic treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Sildenafil crosses the blood-brain barrier and has been shown to enhance memory. Tremor, rigidity and akinesia are the most common symptoms seen in Parkinson's disease. Fatigue and sexual dysfunction are the other prominent features seen in Parkinson's disease. Interestingly, sildenafil is used therapeutically to treat sexual dysfunction in Parkinson's disease patients. Currently research on Parkinson's disease focuses on developing novel drug therapies for retarding the nigral dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Hence, we investigated the anti-fatigue and neuroprotective effects of sildenafil. In this study, the effect of sildenafil on fatigue was evaluated using forced swim test in mice. Sildenafil had no effect on fatigue as seen by the swim time. With regard to neuroprotective effects, we investigated the effects of sildenafil using two animal models of Parkinson's disease. In this study, 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned (unilateral) rats and MPTP-treated mice were used as the animal models of Parkinson's disease. 6-Hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats were used to determine the effect of sildenafil on rotational behavior. Ipsilateral or contralateral rotational behavior can indicate the amphetamine-like activity or apomorphine-like activity of sildenafil. Sildenafil did not induce contralateral or ipsilateral rotations in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Sildenafil did not protect against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced dopamine depletion in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramaniam Uthayathas
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacal Sciences, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Sankar SR, Manivasagam T, Krishnamurti A, Ramanathan M. The neuroprotective effect of Withania somnifera root extract in MPTP-intoxicated mice: an analysis of behavioral and biochemical variables. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2007; 12:473-81. [PMID: 17415533 PMCID: PMC6275882 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-007-0015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the influence of Withania somnifera (Ws) root extract (100 mg/kg body weight) on parkinsonism induced by 1-methyl 4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP; i.p, 20 mg/kg body weight for 4 days), via the analysis of behavioral features and the oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in the midbrain of mice. A significant alteration in behavior, increased levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were noticed in this region of brain in MPTP-treated mice. Oral treatment with the root extract resulted in a significant improvement in the mice’s behavoiur and antioxidant status, along with a significant reduction in the level of lipid peroxidation. The results indicated that at least part of the chronic stress-induced pathology may be due to oxidative stress, which is mitigated by Ws. Further studies are needed to assess the precise mechanism to support the clinical use of the plant as an antiparkinsonic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasagam Raja Sankar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Annamalai University Annamalainagar, 608 002, India.
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