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Li C, Ficco L, Trapp S, Rostalski SM, Korn L, Kovács G. The effect of context congruency on fMRI repetition suppression for objects. Neuropsychologia 2023; 188:108603. [PMID: 37270029 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The recognition of objects is strongly facilitated when they are presented in the context of other objects (Biederman, 1972). Such contexts facilitate perception and induce expectations of context-congruent objects (Trapp and Bar, 2015). The neural mechanisms underlying these facilitatory effects of context on object processing, however, are not yet fully understood. In the present study, we investigate how context-induced expectations affect subsequent object processing. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging and measured repetition suppression as a proxy for prediction error processing. Participants viewed pairs of alternating or repeated object images which were preceded by context-congruent, context-incongruent or neutral cues. We found a stronger repetition suppression in congruent as compared to incongruent or neutral cues in the object sensitive lateral occipital cortex. Interestingly, this stronger effect was driven by enhanced responses to alternating stimulus pairs in the congruent contexts, rather than by suppressed responses to repeated stimulus pairs, which emphasizes the contribution of surprise-related response enhancement for the context modulation on RS when expectations are violated. In addition, in the congruent condition, we discovered significant functional connectivity between object-responsive and frontal cortical regions, as well as between object-responsive regions and the fusiform gyrus. Our findings indicate that prediction errors, reflected in enhanced brain responses to violated contextual expectations, underlie the facilitating effect of context during object perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Li
- School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, China; Department of Biological Psychology and Cognitive Neurosciences, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany
| | - Linda Ficco
- Department of General Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany; Department of Linguistics and Cultural Evolution, International Max Planck Research School for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Sabrina Trapp
- Macromedia University of Applied Sciences, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie-Marie Rostalski
- Department of Biological Psychology and Cognitive Neurosciences, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany
| | - Lukas Korn
- Department of Biological Psychology and Cognitive Neurosciences, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany
| | - Gyula Kovács
- Department of Biological Psychology and Cognitive Neurosciences, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany.
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Atilgan H, Koi JXJ, Wong E, Laakso I, Matilainen N, Pasqualotto A, Tanaka S, Chen SHA, Kitada R. Functional relevance of the extrastriate body area for visual and haptic object recognition: a preregistered fMRI-guided TMS study. Cereb Cortex Commun 2023; 4:tgad005. [PMID: 37188067 PMCID: PMC10176024 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The extrastriate body area (EBA) is a region in the lateral occipito-temporal cortex (LOTC), which is sensitive to perceived body parts. Neuroimaging studies suggested that EBA is related to body and tool processing, regardless of the sensory modalities. However, how essential this region is for visual tool processing and nonvisual object processing remains a matter of controversy. In this preregistered fMRI-guided repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) study, we examined the causal involvement of EBA in multisensory body and tool recognition. Participants used either vision or haptics to identify 3 object categories: hands, teapots (tools), and cars (control objects). Continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) was applied over left EBA, right EBA, or vertex (control site). Performance for visually perceived hands and teapots (relative to cars) was more strongly disrupted by cTBS over left EBA than over the vertex, whereas no such object-specific effect was observed in haptics. The simulation of the induced electric fields confirmed that the cTBS affected regions including EBA. These results indicate that the LOTC is functionally relevant for visual hand and tool processing, whereas the rTMS over EBA may differently affect object recognition between the 2 sensory modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicret Atilgan
- Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 48 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639818, Singapore
| | - J X Janice Koi
- Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 48 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639818, Singapore
| | - Ern Wong
- IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Piazza S. Francesco, 19, 55100 Lucca LU, Italy
| | - Ilkka Laakso
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Otakaari 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Noora Matilainen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Otakaari 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Achille Pasqualotto
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Psychology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - S H Annabel Chen
- Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 48 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639818, Singapore
- Centre for Research and Development in Learning, Nanyang Technological University, 61 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637335, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine), Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Ryo Kitada
- Corresponding author: Graduate School of Intercultural Studies, Kobe University, 12-1 Tsurukabuto, Nada Ward, Kobe, Hyogo 657-0013, Japan.
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Bi T, Du Y, Wang X, Sang N, Zhang F, Kou H, Zhu Q, Qiu J. Modulations of emotional attention and spatial attention on human visual cortical activities. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2019; 12:375-384. [PMID: 31191058 PMCID: PMC6529676 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s188121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Spatial attention could enhance the neural activities of attended locations in human visual cortex. As a salient stimulus, emotional image could enhance the responses in amygdala and visual areas. However, few studies examined the interaction of the attentional effects induced by emotional stimuli and spatial cues on the neural responses in visual areas. Methods: In the present study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the combined and separated effects of emotional image and spatial cue on the activities in human visual areas. A revised Posner cueing paradigm was utilized. Each participant viewed a fearful image and a peaceful image simultaneously in left and right visual fields. A spatial cue of two dots was then presented in one of the image positions. In this manner, the attentional effects for emotional image and spatial cue could be isolated and combined. Results: The results showed that spatial cue enhanced the responses in V4, intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and lateral occipital area (LO), while emotional image could enhance the responses in V3, V4 and LO. Importantly, no significant interactions were found in any of the visual areas. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the two kinds of attentional modulation might not be affected by each other. These findings shed light on the neural mechanism of the emotional attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyong Bi
- School of Management, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Du
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Sang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Kou
- School of Management, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhu
- School of Management, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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The Lateral Occipital Cortex Is Selective for Object Shape, Not Texture/Color, at Six Months. J Neurosci 2017; 37:3698-3703. [PMID: 28264984 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3300-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how the human visual system develops is crucial to understanding the nature and organization of our complex and varied visual representations. However, previous investigations of the development of the visual system using fMRI are primarily confined to a subset of the visual system (high-level vision: faces, scenes) and relatively late in visual development (starting at 4-5 years of age). The current study extends our understanding of human visual development by presenting the first systematic investigation of a mid-level visual region [the lateral occipital cortex (LOC)] in a population much younger than has been investigated in the past: 6 month olds. We use functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), an emerging optical method for recording cortical hemodynamics, to perform neuroimaging with this very young population. Whereas previous fNIRS studies have suffered from imprecise neuroanatomical localization, we rely on the most rigorous MR coregistration of fNIRS data to date to image the infant LOC. We find surprising evidence that at 6 months the LOC has functional specialization that is highly similar to adults. Following Cant and Goodale (2007), we investigate whether the LOC tracks shape information and not other cues to object identity (e.g., texture/material). This finding extends evidence of LOC specialization from early childhood into infancy and earlier than developmental trajectories of high-level visual regions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Understanding visual development is crucial to understanding the nature of visual representations in the human brain. Previous studies of visual development have investigated children (4 years and older) and high-level visual areas. This study expands our knowledge of visual development by investigating the functional development of mid-level vision [lateral occipital cortex (LOC)] early in infancy. We find surprisingly adult-like functional specialization of the LOC by 6 months of age: infants exhibit shape selectivity, but not object selectivity, in this region.
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Lee YS, Zreik JT, Hamilton RH. Patterns of neural activity predict picture-naming performance of a patient with chronic aphasia. Neuropsychologia 2016; 94:52-60. [PMID: 27864027 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Naming objects represents a substantial challenge for patients with chronic aphasia. This could be in part because the reorganized compensatory language networks of persons with aphasia may be less stable than the intact language systems of healthy individuals. Here, we hypothesized that the degree of stability would be instantiated by spatially differential neural patterns rather than either increased or diminished amplitudes of neural activity within a putative compensatory language system. We recruited a chronic aphasic patient (KL; 66 year-old male) who exhibited a semantic deficit (e.g., often said "milk" for "cow" and "pillow" for "blanket"). Over the course of four behavioral sessions involving a naming task performed in a mock scanner, we identified visual objects that yielded an approximately 50% success rate. We then conducted two fMRI sessions in which the patient performed a naming task for multiple exemplars of those objects. Multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) searchlight revealed differential activity patterns associated with correct and incorrect trials throughout intact brain regions. The most robust and largest cluster was found in the right occipito-temporal cortex encompassing fusiform cortex, lateral occipital cortex (LOC), and middle occipital cortex, which may account for the patient's propensity for semantic naming errors. None of these areas were found by a conventional univariate analysis. By using an alternative approach, we extend current evidence for compensatory naming processes that operate through spatially differential patterns within the reorganized language system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yune Sang Lee
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Jihad T Zreik
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roy H Hamilton
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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6
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Weil RS, Schrag AE, Warren JD, Crutch SJ, Lees AJ, Morris HR. Visual dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Brain 2016; 139:2827-2843. [PMID: 27412389 PMCID: PMC5091042 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease have a number of specific visual disturbances. These include changes in colour vision and contrast sensitivity and difficulties with complex visual tasks such as mental rotation and emotion recognition. We review changes in visual function at each stage of visual processing from retinal deficits, including contrast sensitivity and colour vision deficits to higher cortical processing impairments such as object and motion processing and neglect. We consider changes in visual function in patients with common Parkinson's disease-associated genetic mutations including GBA and LRRK2 . We discuss the association between visual deficits and clinical features of Parkinson's disease such as rapid eye movement sleep behavioural disorder and the postural instability and gait disorder phenotype. We review the link between abnormal visual function and visual hallucinations, considering current models for mechanisms of visual hallucinations. Finally, we discuss the role of visuo-perceptual testing as a biomarker of disease and predictor of dementia in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimona S. Weil
- 1 Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- 2 National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
- 3 Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Free Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Anette E. Schrag
- 1 Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- 2 National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Jason D. Warren
- 2 National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
- 4 Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sebastian J. Crutch
- 4 Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew J. Lees
- 1 Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- 2 National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Huw R. Morris
- 1 Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- 2 National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
- 3 Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Free Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
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7
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Heuer A, Schubö A, Crawford JD. Different Cortical Mechanisms for Spatial vs. Feature-Based Attentional Selection in Visual Working Memory. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:415. [PMID: 27582701 PMCID: PMC4987349 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited capacity of visual working memory (VWM) necessitates attentional mechanisms that selectively update and maintain only the most task-relevant content. Psychophysical experiments have shown that the retroactive selection of memory content can be based on visual properties such as location or shape, but the neural basis for such differential selection is unknown. For example, it is not known if there are different cortical modules specialized for spatial vs. feature-based mnemonic attention, in the same way that has been demonstrated for attention to perceptual input. Here, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to identify areas in human parietal and occipital cortex involved in the selection of objects from memory based on cues to their location (spatial information) or their shape (featural information). We found that TMS over the supramarginal gyrus (SMG) selectively facilitated spatial selection, whereas TMS over the lateral occipital cortex (LO) selectively enhanced feature-based selection for remembered objects in the contralateral visual field. Thus, different cortical regions are responsible for spatial vs. feature-based selection of working memory representations. Since the same regions are involved in terms of attention to external events, these new findings indicate overlapping mechanisms for attentional control over perceptual input and mnemonic representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Heuer
- Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna Schubö
- Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg Marburg, Germany
| | - J D Crawford
- Centre for Vision Research, York UniversityToronto, ON, Canada; Canadian Action and Perception Network, York UniversityToronto, ON, Canada; Departments of Psychology, Biology, and Kinesiology and Health Sciences, York UniversityToronto, ON, Canada
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8
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Yalachkov Y, Kaiser J, Doehrmann O, Naumer MJ. Enhanced visuo-haptic integration for the non-dominant hand. Brain Res 2015; 1614:75-85. [PMID: 25911582 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Visuo-haptic integration contributes essentially to object shape recognition. Although there has been a considerable advance in elucidating the neural underpinnings of multisensory perception, it is still unclear whether seeing an object and exploring it with the dominant hand elicits the same brain response as compared to the non-dominant hand. Using fMRI to measure brain activation in right-handed participants, we found that for both left- and right-hand stimulation the left lateral occipital complex (LOC) and anterior cerebellum (aCER) were involved in visuo-haptic integration of familiar objects. These two brain regions were then further investigated in another study, where unfamiliar, novel objects were presented to a different group of right-handers. Here the left LOC and aCER were more strongly activated by bimodal than unimodal stimuli only when the left but not the right hand was used. A direct comparison indicated that the multisensory gain of the fMRI activation was significantly higher for the left than the right hand. These findings are in line with the principle of "inverse effectiveness", implying that processing of bimodally presented stimuli is particularly enhanced when the unimodal stimuli are weak. This applies also when right-handed subjects see and simultaneously touch unfamiliar objects with their non-dominant left hand. Thus, the fMRI signal in the left LOC and aCER induced by visuo-haptic stimulation is dependent on which hand was employed for haptic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavor Yalachkov
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Goethe-University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Strasse 10, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Jochen Kaiser
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Goethe-University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Strasse 10, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Oliver Doehrmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Goethe-University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Strasse 10, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marcus J Naumer
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Goethe-University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Strasse 10, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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9
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Joanne Jao R, James TW, Harman James K. Multisensory convergence of visual and haptic object preference across development. Neuropsychologia 2014; 56:381-92. [PMID: 24560914 PMCID: PMC4020146 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Visuohaptic inputs offer redundant and complementary information regarding an object׳s geometrical structure. The integration of these inputs facilitates object recognition in adults. While the ability to recognize objects in the environment both visually and haptically develops early on, the development of the neural mechanisms for integrating visual and haptic object shape information remains unknown. In the present study, we used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in three groups of participants, 4 to 5.5 year olds, 7 to 8.5 year olds, and adults. Participants were tested in a block design involving visual exploration of two-dimensional images of common objects and real textures, and haptic exploration of their three-dimensional counterparts. As in previous studies, object preference was defined as a greater BOLD response for objects than textures. The analyses specifically target two sites of known visuohaptic convergence in adults: the lateral occipital tactile-visual region (LOtv) and intraparietal sulcus (IPS). Results indicated that the LOtv is involved in visuohaptic object recognition early on. More importantly, object preference in the LOtv became increasingly visually dominant with development. Despite previous reports that the lateral occipital complex (LOC) is adult-like by 8 years, these findings indicate that at least part of the LOC is not. Whole-brain maps showed overlap between adults and both groups of children in the LOC. However, the overlap did not build incrementally from the younger to the older group, suggesting that visuohaptic object preference does not develop in an additive manner. Taken together, the results show that the development of neural substrates for visuohaptic recognition is protracted compared to substrates that are primarily visual or haptic.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Joanne Jao
- Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States.
| | - Thomas W James
- Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States; Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Karin Harman James
- Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States; Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
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Abstract
Despite the human brain's ability to rapidly reorganize neuronal activity patterns in response to interactions with the environment (e.g., learning), it remains unclear whether compensatory mechanisms occur, on a similar time scale, in response to exogenous cortical perturbations. To investigate this, we disrupted normal neural function via repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and assessed, using fMRI, activity changes associated with performance on a working memory task. Although transcranial magnetic stimulation disrupted neural activity in task-related brain regions, performance was not affected. Critically, another brain region not previously engaged by the task was recruited to uphold memory performance. Thus, functional reorganization of cortical activity can occur within minutes of neural disruption to maintain cognitive abilities.
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11
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Phillips OR, Clark KA, Luders E, Azhir R, Joshi SH, Woods RP, Mazziotta JC, Toga AW, Narr KL. Superficial white matter: effects of age, sex, and hemisphere. Brain Connect 2013; 3:146-59. [PMID: 23461767 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2012.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural and diffusion imaging studies demonstrate effects of age, sex, and asymmetry in many brain structures. However, few studies have addressed how individual differences might influence the structural integrity of the superficial white matter (SWM), comprised of short-range association (U-fibers), and intracortical axons. This study thus applied a sophisticated computational analysis approach to structural and diffusion imaging data obtained from healthy individuals selected from the International Consortium for Brain Mapping (ICBM) database across a wide adult age range (n=65, age: 18-74 years, all Caucasian). Fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD) were sampled and compared at thousands of spatially matched SWM locations and within regions-of-interest to examine global and local variations in SWM integrity across age, sex, and hemisphere. Results showed age-related reductions in FA that were more pronounced in the frontal SWM than in the posterior and ventral brain regions, whereas increases in RD and AD were observed across large areas of the SWM. FA was significantly greater in left temporoparietal regions in men and in the posterior callosum in women. Prominent leftward FA and rightward AD and RD asymmetries were observed in the temporal, parietal, and frontal regions. Results extend previous findings restricted to the deep white matter pathways to demonstrate regional changes in the SWM microstructure relating to processes of demyelination and/or to the number, coherence, or integrity of axons with increasing age. SWM fiber organization/coherence appears greater in the left hemisphere regions spanning language and other networks, while more localized sex effects could possibly reflect sex-specific advantages in information strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen R Phillips
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-7334, USA
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Can theories of visual representation help to explain asymmetries in amygdala function? COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2013; 13:211-24. [PMID: 23239022 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-012-0139-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Emotional processing differs between the left and right hemispheres of the brain, and functional differences have been reported more specifically between the left and right amygdalae, subcortical structures heavily implicated in emotional processing. However, the empirical pattern of amygdalar asymmetries is inconsistent with extant theories of emotional asymmetries. Here we review this discrepancy, and we hypothesize that hemispheric differences in visual object processing help to explain the previously reported functional differences between the left and right amygdalae. The implication that perceptual factors play a large role in determining amygdalar asymmetries may help to explain amygdalar dysfunction in the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder.
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13
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Seghier ML, Price CJ. Dissociating frontal regions that co-lateralize with different ventral occipitotemporal regions during word processing. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2013; 126:133-140. [PMID: 23728081 PMCID: PMC3730055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The ventral occipitotemporal sulcus (vOT) sustains strong interactions with the inferior frontal cortex during word processing. Consequently, activation in both regions co-lateralize towards the same hemisphere in healthy subjects. Because the determinants of lateralisation differ across posterior, middle and anterior vOT subregions, we investigated whether lateralisation in different inferior frontal regions would co-vary with lateralisation in the three different vOT subregions. A whole brain analysis found that, during semantic decisions on written words, laterality covaried in (1) posterior vOT and the precentral gyrus; (2) middle vOT and the pars opercularis, pars triangularis, and supramarginal gyrus; and (3) anterior vOT and the pars orbitalis, middle frontal gyrus and thalamus. These findings increase the spatial resolution of our understanding of how vOT interacts with other brain areas during semantic categorisation on words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed L Seghier
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK.
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14
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De Cesarei A, Mastria S, Codispoti M. Early spatial frequency processing of natural images: an ERP study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65103. [PMID: 23741468 PMCID: PMC3669057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the role of spatial stimulus frequencies in the early visual processing of natural scenes. The content of initially degraded (low- or high-pass filtered) pictures was progressively revealed in a sequence of steps by adding high or low spatial frequencies. Event Related Potentials (ERPs) were used to track the early stages of visual processing. Picture degradation modulated the topography of the P1, with an occipital midline distribution for the most degraded pictures, which became progressively more laterally distributed as pictures became more complete. Picture degradation also modulated the amplitude of the P2. For both low-passed and high-passed scenes, a linear relationship between the spectral power and the amplitude of the P1 and P2 was observed. These results are likely to reflect the progressive engagement of the lateral occipital complex as the amount of information in both the low and high portions of the frequency spectrum increased.
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15
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Tomasino B, Marin D, Maieron M, Ius T, Budai R, Fabbro F, Skrap M. Foreign accent syndrome: A multimodal mapping study. Cortex 2013; 49:18-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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16
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Harvey DY, Burgund ED. Neural adaptation across viewpoint and exemplar in fusiform cortex. Brain Cogn 2012; 80:33-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Reading is a uniquely human task and therefore any sign of neuronal activation that is specific to reading is of considerable interest. One intriguing observation is that ventral occipitotemporal (vOT) activation is more strongly left lateralized for written words than other visual stimuli. This has contributed to claims that left vOT plays a special role in reading. Here, we investigated whether left lateralized vOT responses for words were the consequence of visual feature processing, visual word form selectivity, or higher level language processing. Using fMRI in 82 skilled readers, our paradigm compared activation and lateralization for words and nonlinguistic stimuli during different tasks. We found that increased left lateralization for words relative to pictures was the consequence of reduced activation in right vOT rather than increased activation in left vOT. We also found that the determinants of lateralization varied with the subregion of vOT tested. In posterior vOT, lateralization depended on the spatial frequency of the visual inputs. In anterior vOT, lateralization depended on the semantic demands of the task. In middle vOT, lateralization depended on a combination of visual expertise in the right hemisphere and semantics in the left hemisphere. These results have implications for interpreting left lateralized vOT activation during reading. Specifically, left lateralized activation in vOT does not necessarily indicate an increase in left vOT processing but is instead a consequence of decreased right vOT function. Moreover, the determinants of lateralization include both visual and semantic factors depending on the subregion tested.
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18
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Iwabuchi SJ, Häberling IS, Badzakova-Trajkov G, Patston LLM, Waldie KE, Tippett LJ, Corballis MC, Kirk IJ. Regional differences in cerebral asymmetries of human cortical white matter. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:3599-604. [PMID: 21939675 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The form of the structural asymmetries across the cerebral hemispheres, that support well-established functional asymmetries, are not well understood. Although, many previous studies have investigated structural differences in areas associated with strong functional asymmetries, such as language processes, regions of the brain with less well established functional laterality have received less attention. The current study aims to address this by exploring global white matter asymmetries of the healthy human brain using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and tractography. DTI was conducted on twenty-nine healthy right-handed males, and pathways from the four major lobes were reconstructed using probabilistic tractography. Mean FA, parallel and perpendicular diffusion values were calculated and compared across hemispheres for each pathway generated. Significant asymmetries in the parietal (rightward asymmetry) and occipital (leftward asymmetry) pathways were found in FA measures. However, asymmetric patterns in parallel and/or perpendicular diffusion were observed in all four lobes, even in pathways with symmetrical FA. For instance, significant rightward asymmetry in parallel diffusion was found in the parietal and frontal lobes, whereas significant leftward asymmetry was found in the temporal and occipital lobes. We suggest that these different patterns of diffusion asymmetry reflect differences in microanatomy that support the known patterns of differential functional asymmetry. The different directions of anatomical asymmetry support the notion that there may be a number of different lateralising influences operating in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina J Iwabuchi
- Research Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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19
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Hemispheric differences in specificity effects in talker identification. Atten Percept Psychophys 2010; 72:2265-73. [PMID: 21097868 DOI: 10.3758/bf03196700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the visual domain, Marsolek and colleagues (1999, 2008) have found support for two dissociable and parallel neural subsystems underlying object and shape recognition: an abstract-category subsystem that operates more effectively in the left cerebral hemisphere (LH), and a specific-exemplar subsystem that operates more effectively in the right cerebral hemisphere (RH). Evidence of this asymmetry has been observed in priming specificity for linguistic (words, pseudoword forms) and nonlinguistic (objects) stimuli. In the auditory domain, the authors previously found hemispheric asymmetries in priming effects for linguistic (spoken words) and nonlinguistic (environmental sounds) stimuli. In the present study, the same asymmetrical pattern was observed in talker identification by means of two long-term repetition-priming experiments. Both experiments consisted of a familiarization phase and a final talker identification test phase, using sentences as stimuli. The results showed that specificity effects (an advantage for same-sentence priming, relative to different-sentence priming) emerged when the target stimuli were presented to the left ear (RH), but not when the target stimuli were presented to the right ear (LH). Taken together, this consistent asymmetrical pattern of data from both domains-visual and auditory-may be indicative of a more general property of the human perceptual processing system. Theoretical implications are discussed.
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20
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Chan JS, Simões-Franklin C, Garavan H, Newell FN. Static images of novel, moveable objects learned through touch activate visual area hMT+. Neuroimage 2010; 49:1708-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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21
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Lacey S, Flueckiger P, Stilla R, Lava M, Sathian K. Object familiarity modulates the relationship between visual object imagery and haptic shape perception. Neuroimage 2009; 49:1977-90. [PMID: 19896540 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although visual cortical engagement in haptic shape perception is well established, its relationship with visual imagery remains controversial. We addressed this using functional magnetic resonance imaging during separate visual object imagery and haptic shape perception tasks. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, the haptic shape task employed unfamiliar, meaningless objects, whereas familiar objects were used in the second experiment. The activations evoked by visual object imagery overlapped more extensively, and their magnitudes were more correlated, with those evoked during haptic shape perception of familiar, compared to unfamiliar, objects. In the companion paper (Deshpande et al., this issue), we used task-specific functional and effective connectivity analyses to provide convergent evidence: these analyses showed that the neural networks underlying visual imagery were similar to those underlying haptic shape perception of familiar, but not unfamiliar, objects. We conclude that visual object imagery is more closely linked to haptic shape perception when objects are familiar, compared to when they are unfamiliar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lacey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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22
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Category-specific neural processing for naming pictures of animals and naming pictures of tools: an ALE meta-analysis. Neuropsychologia 2009; 48:409-18. [PMID: 19800353 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Using activation-likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis, we identified brain areas that are invoked when people name pictures of animals and pictures of tools. We found that naming animals and naming tools invoked separate distributed networks in the brain. Specifically, we found that naming animals invoked greater responses than naming tools in frontal lobe structures that are typically modulated by emotional content and task demands, and in a number of visual areas in the ventral stream. In contrast, naming tools invoked greater responses in a different set of areas in the ventral stream than those invoked by naming animals. Naming tools also invoked greater responses than naming animals in motor areas in the frontal lobe as well as in sensory areas in the parietal lobe. The only overlapping sites of activation that we found for naming these two categories of objects were in the left pars triangularis, the left inferior temporal gyrus, and the left parahippocampal gyrus. Taken together, our meta-analysis reveals that animals and tools are categorically represented in visual areas but show convergence in higher-order associative areas in the temporal and frontal lobes in regions that are typically regarded as being involved in memory and/or semantic processing. Our results also reveal that naming tools not only engages visual areas in the ventral stream but also a fronto-parietal network associated with tool use. Whether or not this network associated with tool use contributes directly to recognition will require further investigation.
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23
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Lacey S, Tal N, Amedi A, Sathian K. A putative model of multisensory object representation. Brain Topogr 2009; 21:269-74. [PMID: 19330441 PMCID: PMC3156680 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-009-0087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys the recent literature on visuo-haptic convergence in the perception of object form, with particular reference to the lateral occipital complex (LOC) and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and discusses how visual imagery or multisensory representations might underlie this convergence. Drawing on a recent distinction between object- and spatially-based visual imagery, we propose a putative model in which LOtv, a subregion of LOC, contains a modality-independent representation of geometric shape that can be accessed either bottom-up from direct sensory inputs or top-down from frontoparietal regions. We suggest that such access is modulated by object familiarity: spatial imagery may be more important for unfamiliar objects and involve IPS foci in facilitating somatosensory inputs to the LOC; by contrast, object imagery may be more critical for familiar objects, being reflected in prefrontal drive to the LOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lacey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Noa Tal
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91220, Israel
| | - Amir Amedi
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91220, Israel
- Cognitive Science Program, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91220, Israel
| | - K. Sathian
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Rehabilitation R&D Center of Excellence, Atlanta VAMC, Decatur, GA, USA
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24
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Cohen NR, Cross ES, Tunik E, Grafton ST, Culham JC. Ventral and dorsal stream contributions to the online control of immediate and delayed grasping: A TMS approach. Neuropsychologia 2009; 47:1553-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2008] [Revised: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 12/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Warrington EK, Davidoff J, Humphreys GW, Riddoch MJ, Milner AD. Warrington and Taylor's 1978 Paper. Perception 2009; 38:933-9. [DOI: 10.1068/pmkwar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jules Davidoff
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, UK
| | - Glyn W Humphreys
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - M Jane Riddoch
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - A David Milner
- Wolfson Research Institute, Durham University, Stockton-on-Tees TS17 6BH, UK
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26
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Stilla R, Sathian K. Selective visuo-haptic processing of shape and texture. Hum Brain Mapp 2008; 29:1123-38. [PMID: 17924535 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous functional neuroimaging studies have described shape-selectivity for haptic stimuli in many cerebral cortical regions, of which some are also visually shape-selective. However, the literature is equivocal on the existence of haptic or visuo-haptic texture-selectivity. We report here on a human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study in which shape and texture perception were contrasted using haptic stimuli presented to the right hand, and visual stimuli presented centrally. Bilateral selectivity for shape, with overlap between modalities, was found in a dorsal set of parietal areas: the postcentral sulcus and anterior, posterior and ventral parts of the intraparietal sulcus (IPS); as well as ventrally in the lateral occipital complex. The magnitude of visually- and haptically-evoked activity was significantly correlated across subjects in the left posterior IPS and right lateral occipital complex, suggesting that these areas specifically house representations of object shape. Haptic shape-selectivity was also found in the left postcentral gyrus, the left lingual gyrus, and a number of frontal cortical sites. Haptic texture-selectivity was found in ventral somatosensory areas: the parietal operculum and posterior insula bilaterally, as well as in the right medial occipital cortex, overlapping with a medial occipital cortical region, which was texture-selective for visual stimuli. The present report corroborates and elaborates previous suggestions of specialized visuo-haptic processing of texture and shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall Stilla
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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27
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Frassinetti F, Maini M, Romualdi S, Galante E, Avanzi S. Is it Mine? Hemispheric Asymmetries in Corporeal Self-recognition. J Cogn Neurosci 2008; 20:1507-16. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2008.20067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether the recognition of “self body parts” is independent from the recognition of other people's body parts. If this is the case, the ability to recognize “self body parts” should be selectively impaired after lesion involving specific brain areas. To verify this hypothesis, patients with lesion of the right (right brain-damaged [RBD]) or left (left brain-damaged [LBD]) hemisphere and healthy subjects were submitted to a visual matching-to-sample task in two experiments. In the first experiment, stimuli depicted their own body parts or other people's body parts. In the second experiment, stimuli depicted parts of three categories: objects, bodies, and faces. In both experiments, participants were required to decide which of two vertically aligned images (the upper or the lower one) matched the central target stimulus. The results showed that the task indirectly tapped into bodily self-processing mechanisms, in that both LBD patients and normal subjects performed the task better when they visually matched their own, as compared to others', body parts. In contrast, RBD patients did not show such an advantage for self body parts. Moreover, they were more impaired than LBD patients and normal subjects when visually matching their own body parts, whereas this difference was not evident in performing the task with other people's body parts. RBD patients' performance for the other stimulus categories (face, body, object), although worse than LBD patients' and normal subjects' performance, was comparable across categories. These findings suggest that the right hemisphere may be involved in the recognition of self body parts, through a fronto-parietal network.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stefano Avanzi
- 2IRCCS—Istituto Scientifico di Castel Goffredo, Mantova, Italy
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28
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Large ME, Cavina-Pratesi C, Vilis T, Culham JC. The neural correlates of change detection in the face perception network. Neuropsychologia 2008; 46:2169-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2007] [Revised: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 02/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Large ME, Culham J, Kuchinad A, Aldcroft A, Vilis T. fMRI reveals greater within- than between-hemifield integration in the human lateral occipital cortex. Eur J Neurosci 2008; 27:3299-309. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06270.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Chouinard PA, Morrissey BF, Köhler S, Goodale MA. Repetition suppression in occipital–temporal visual areas is modulated by physical rather than semantic features of objects. Neuroimage 2008; 41:130-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2007] [Revised: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 02/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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31
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Philiastides MG, Sajda P. EEG-informed fMRI reveals spatiotemporal characteristics of perceptual decision making. J Neurosci 2007; 27:13082-91. [PMID: 18045902 PMCID: PMC6673396 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3540-07.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Revised: 09/25/2007] [Accepted: 10/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-unit and multiunit recordings in primates have already established that decision making involves at least two general stages of neural processing: representation of evidence from early sensory areas and accumulation of evidence to a decision threshold from decision-related regions. However, the relay of information from early sensory to decision areas, such that the accumulation process is instigated, is not well understood. Using a cued paradigm and single-trial analysis of electroencephalography (EEG), we previously reported on temporally specific components related to perceptual decision making. Here, we use information derived from our previous EEG recordings to inform the analysis of fMRI data collected for the same behavioral task to ascertain the cortical origins of each of these EEG components. We demonstrate that a cascade of events associated with perceptual decision making takes place in a highly distributed neural network. Of particular importance is an activation in the lateral occipital complex implicating perceptual persistence as a mechanism by which object decision making in the human brain is instigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios G. Philiastides
- Laboratory for Intelligent Imaging and Neural Computing, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| | - Paul Sajda
- Laboratory for Intelligent Imaging and Neural Computing, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
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