1
|
Hakon J, Quattromani MJ, Sjölund C, Talhada D, Kim B, Moyanova S, Mastroiacovo F, Di Menna L, Olsson R, Englund E, Nicoletti F, Ruscher K, Bauer AQ, Wieloch T. Inhibiting metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 after stroke restores brain function and connectivity. Brain 2024; 147:186-200. [PMID: 37656990 PMCID: PMC10766240 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke results in local neural disconnection and brain-wide neuronal network dysfunction leading to neurological deficits. Beyond the hyper-acute phase of ischaemic stroke, there is no clinically-approved pharmacological treatment that alleviates sensorimotor impairments. Functional recovery after stroke involves the formation of new or alternative neuronal circuits including existing neural connections. The type-5 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR5) has been shown to modulate brain plasticity and function and is a therapeutic target in neurological diseases outside of stroke. We investigated whether mGluR5 influences functional recovery and network reorganization rodent models of focal ischaemia. Using multiple behavioural tests, we observed that treatment with negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) of mGluR5 (MTEP, fenobam and AFQ056) for 12 days, starting 2 or 10 days after stroke, restored lost sensorimotor functions, without diminishing infarct size. Recovery was evident within hours after initiation of treatment and progressed over the subsequent 12 days. Recovery was prevented by activation of mGluR5 with the positive allosteric modulator VU0360172 and accelerated in mGluR5 knock-out mice compared with wild-type mice. After stroke, multisensory stimulation by enriched environments enhanced recovery, a result prevented by VU0360172, implying a role of mGluR5 in enriched environment-mediated recovery. Additionally, MTEP treatment in conjunction with enriched environment housing provided an additive recovery enhancement compared to either MTEP or enriched environment alone. Using optical intrinsic signal imaging, we observed brain-wide disruptions in resting-state functional connectivity after stroke that were prevented by mGluR5 inhibition in distinct areas of contralesional sensorimotor and bilateral visual cortices. The levels of mGluR5 protein in mice and in tissue samples of stroke patients were unchanged after stroke. We conclude that neuronal circuitry subserving sensorimotor function after stroke is depressed by a mGluR5-dependent maladaptive plasticity mechanism that can be restored by mGluR5 inhibition. Post-acute stroke treatment with mGluR5 NAMs combined with rehabilitative training may represent a novel post-acute stroke therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Hakon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden
| | - Miriana J Quattromani
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden
| | - Carin Sjölund
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden
| | - Daniela Talhada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden
| | - Byungchan Kim
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Slavianka Moyanova
- Department of Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Di Menna
- Department of Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Roger Olsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Englund
- Division of Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Karsten Ruscher
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden
| | - Adam Q Bauer
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tadeusz Wieloch
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Janus A, Lustyk K, Pytka K. MK-801 and cognitive functions: Investigating the behavioral effects of a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:2435-2457. [PMID: 37725119 PMCID: PMC10640442 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE MK-801 (dizocilpine) is a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist originally explored for anticonvulsant potential. Despite its original purpose, its amnestic properties led to the development of pivotal models of various cognitive impairments widely employed in research and greatly impacting scientific progress. MK-801 offers several advantages; however, it also presents drawbacks, including inducing dose-dependent hyperlocomotion or ambiguous effects on anxiety, which can impact the interpretation of behavioral research results. OBJECTIVES The present review attempts to summarize and discuss the effects of MK-801 on different types of memory and cognitive functions in animal studies. RESULTS A plethora of behavioral research suggests that MK-801 can detrimentally impact cognitive functions. The specific effect of this compound is influenced by variables including developmental stage, gender, species, strain, and, crucially, the administered dose. Notably, when considering the undesirable effects of MK-801, doses up to 0.1 mg/kg were found not to induce stereotypy or hyperlocomotion. CONCLUSION Dizocilpine continues to be of significant importance in preclinical research, facilitating the exploration of various procognitive therapeutic agents. However, given its potential undesirable effects, it is imperative to meticulously determine the appropriate dosages and conduct supplementary evaluations for any undesirable outcomes, which could complicate the interpretation of the findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Janus
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Klaudia Lustyk
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Pytka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Marín-Prida J, Liberato JL, Llópiz-Arzuaga A, Stringhetta-Padovani K, Pavón-Fuentes N, Leopoldino AM, Cruz OG, González IH, Pérez ML, Espuny AC, Santos WFDSD, Uyemura SA, Pardo-Andreu GL, Pentón-Rol G. Novel Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Neuroprotective Effects of C-Phycocyanin Against Brain Ischemia in Rats. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1187-1197. [PMID: 35524676 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220506145542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke produces a large health impact worldwide, with scarce therapeutic options. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to reveal the role of NADPH oxidase and neuroinflammatory genes on the cerebral anti-ischemic effects of C-Phycocyanin (C-PC), the chief biliprotein of Spirulina platensis. METHODS Rats with either focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) or acute brain hypoperfusion, received C-PC at different doses, or a vehicle, for up to 6 h post-stroke. Neurological, behavioral and histochemical parameters were assessed in I/R rats at 24 h. Cerebral gene expression and hippocampal neuron viability were evaluated in hypoperfused rats at acute (24 h) or chronic phases (30 days), respectively. A molecular docking analysis between NOX2 and C-PC-derived Phycocyanobilin (PCB) was also performed. RESULTS C-PC, obtained with a purity of 4.342, significantly reduced the infarct volume and neurologic deficit in a dose-dependent manner, and improved the exploratory activity of the I/R rats. This biliprotein inhibited NOX2 expression, a crucial NAPDH oxidase isoform in the brain, and the superoxide increase produced by the ischemic event. Moreover, C-PC-derived PCB showed a high binding affinity in silico with NOX2. C-PC downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory genes (IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17A, CD74, CCL12) and upregulated immune suppressive genes (Foxp3, IL-4, TGF-β) in hypoperfused brain areas. This compound also decreased chronic neuronal death in the hippocampus of hypoperfused rats. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the inhibition of cerebral NADPH oxidase and the improvement of neuroinflammation are key mechanisms mediating the neuroprotective actions of C-PC against brain ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Marín-Prida
- Center for Research and Biological Evaluations, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, Havana
| | - José Luiz Liberato
- Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Karina Stringhetta-Padovani
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Andréia Machado Leopoldino
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mariela León Pérez
- Isotopes Center, Ave. Monumental Km 3.5, San José de Las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Antoni Camins Espuny
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sergio Akira Uyemura
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto L Pardo-Andreu
- Center for Research and Biological Evaluations, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | - Giselle Pentón-Rol
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba.,Latin American School of Medicine, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pavone L, Moyanova S, Mastroiacovo F, Fazi L, Busceti C, Gaglione A, Martinello K, Fucile S, Bucci D, Prioriello A, Nicoletti F, Fornai F, Morales P, Senesi R. Chronic neural interfacing with cerebral cortex using single-walled carbon nanotube-polymer grids. J Neural Eng 2020; 17:036032. [PMID: 32485702 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab98db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The development of electrode arrays able to reliably record brain electrical activity is a critical issue in brain machine interface (BMI) technology. In the present study we undertook a comprehensive physico-chemical, physiological, histological and immunohistochemical characterization of new single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT)-based electrode arrays grafted onto medium-density polyethylene (MD-PE) films. APPROACH The long-term electrical stability, flexibility, and biocompatibility of the SWCNT arrays were investigated in vivo in laboratory rats by two-months recording and analysis of subdural electrocorticogram (ECoG). Ex-vivo characterization of a thin flexible and single probe SWCNT/polymer electrode is also provided. MAIN RESULTS The SWCNT arrays were able to capture high quality and very stable ECoG signals across 8 weeks. The histological and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that SWCNT arrays show promising biocompatibility properties and may be used in chronic conditions. The SWCNT-based arrays are flexible and stretchable, providing low electrode-tissue impedance, and, therefore, high compliance with the irregular topography of the cortical surface. Finally, reliable evoked synaptic local field potentials in rat brain slices were recorded using a special SWCNT-polymer-based flexible electrode. SIGNIFICANCE The results demonstrate that the SWCNT arrays grafted in MD-PE are suitable for manufacturing flexible devices for subdural ECoG recording and might represent promising candidates for long-term neural implants for epilepsy monitoring or neuroprosthetic BMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Pavone
- Department of Life and Health 'V. Tiberio', University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy. IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077, Pozzilli (IS), Italy. These authors contributed equally. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pavón-Fuentes N, Marín-Prida J, Llópiz-Arzuaga A, Falcón-Cama V, Campos-Mojena R, Cervantes-Llanos M, Piniella-Matamoros B, Pentón-Arias E, Pentón-Rol G. Phycocyanobilin reduces brain injury after endothelin-1- induced focal cerebral ischaemia. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:383-392. [PMID: 31732975 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological therapies for interrupting biochemical events of the ischaemic cascade and protecting against stroke in humans are as yet unavailable. Up to now, the neuroprotective activity in cerebral ischaemia of phycocyanobilin (PCB), a tetrapyrrolic natural antioxidant, has not been fully examined. Here, we evaluated if PCB protects PC12 neuronal cells against oxygen and glucose deprivation plus reperfusion, and its protective effects in a rat model of endothelin-1-induced focal brain ischaemia. PCB was purified from the cyanobacteria Spirulina platensis and characterized by spectrophotometric, liquid and gas chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques. In Wistar rats, PCB at 50, 100 and 200 μg/kg or phosphate-buffered saline (vehicle) was administered intraperitoneally at equal subdoses in a therapeutic schedule (30 minutes, 1, 3 and 6 hours after the surgery). Brain expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and the enzyme CNPase was determined by immunoelectron microscopy. PCB was obtained with high purity (>95%) and the absence of solvent contaminants and was able to ameliorate PC12 cell ischaemic injury. PCB treatment significantly decreased brain infarct volume, limited the exploratory behaviour impairment and preserved viable cortical neurons in ischaemic rats in a dose-dependent manner, compared to the vehicle group. Furthermore, PCB at high doses restored the MBP and CNPase expression levels in ischaemic rats. An improved PCB purification method from its natural source is reported, obtaining PCB that is suitable for pharmacological trials showing neuroprotective effects against experimental ischaemic stroke. Therefore, PCB could be a therapeutic pharmacological alternative for ischaemic stroke patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Marín-Prida
- Centre for Research and Biological Evaluations (CEIEB), Institute of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hume AW, Tasker RA. Endothelin-1-Induced Ischemic Damage and Functional Impairment Is Mediated Primarily by NR2B-Containing NMDA Receptors. Neurotox Res 2019; 37:349-355. [PMID: 31797304 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke accounts for 70-80% of stroke cases worldwide and survivors are frequently left with compromising sensorimotor deficits localized to one or more body regions. Most animal models of stroke involve transient or permanent occlusion of one or more major vessels such as the middle cerebral artery and are characterized by widespread damage to cortical and subcortical structures that result in deficits that can confound studies of neuroprotection and neurorehabilitation. Localized microinjections of the vasoconstricting peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1) into specific brain regions are becoming increasingly popular for such studies, but the pharmacology of endothelin-induced ischemic damage is poorly understood. To test the hypothesis that NMDA receptors, and particularly those containing the NR2B subunit, are involved in ET-1-mediated excitotoxicity and functional impairment, male CD1 rats (N = 32) were pre-treated with either the non-competitive NMDA antagonist MK-801 or the NR2B-selective antagonist Ro25-6981 (or vehicle) prior to unilateral microinjections of endothelin-1 into the somatosensory cortex and striatum. Rats were then tested using 4 established tests of sensory and/or motor function over 14 days. Lesion volumes were quantified post-mortem using standard histology and image analysis. Results confirmed reproducible lesions and significant deficits in all tests in vehicle-treated rats that were significantly reduced in both drug groups but were not different between drugs, providing evidence that endothelin-induced ischemic damage is mediated almost exclusively by NR2B-containing NMDA receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Hume
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - R Andrew Tasker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI, C1A 4P3, Canada. .,Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yi NX, Zhou LY, Wang XY, Song YJ, Han HH, Zhang TS, Wang YJ, Shi Q, Xu H, Liang QQ, Zhang T. MK-801 attenuates lesion expansion following acute brain injury in rats: a meta-analysis. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1919-1931. [PMID: 31290450 PMCID: PMC6676887 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.259619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of MK-801 and its effect on lesion volume in rat models of acute brain injury. DATA SOURCES: Key terms were “stroke”, “brain diseases”, “brain injuries”, “brain hemorrhage, traumatic”, “acute brain injury”, “dizocilpine maleate”, “dizocilpine”, “MK-801”, “MK801”, “rat”, “rats”, “rattus” and “murine”. PubMed, Cochrane library, EMBASE, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang database, the VIP Journal Integration Platform (VJIP) and SinoMed databases were searched from their inception dates to March 2018. DATA SELECTION: Studies were selected if they reported the effects of MK-801 in experimental acute brain injury. Two investigators independently conducted literature screening, data extraction, and methodological quality assessments. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcomes included lesion volume and brain edema. The secondary outcomes included behavioral assessments with the Bederson neurological grading system and the water maze test 24 hours after brain injury. RESULTS: A total of 52 studies with 2530 samples were included in the systematic review. Seventeen of these studies had a high methodological quality. Overall, the lesion volume (34 studies, n = 966, MD = −58.31, 95% CI: −66.55 to −50.07; P < 0.00001) and degree of cerebral edema (5 studies, n = 75, MD = −1.21, 95% CI: −1.50 to −0.91; P < 0.00001) were significantly decreased in the MK-801 group compared with the control group. MK-801 improved spatial cognition assessed with the water maze test (2 studies, n = 60, MD = −10.88, 95% CI: −20.75 to −1.00; P = 0.03) and neurological function 24 hours after brain injury (11 studies, n = 335, MD = −1.04, 95% CI: −1.47 to −0.60; P < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis suggested an association of reduction in lesion volume with various injury models (34 studies, n = 966, MD = −58.31, 95% CI: −66.55 to −50.07; P = 0.004). Further network analysis showed that 0–1 mg/kg MK-801 may be the optimal dose for treatment in the middle cerebral artery occlusion animal model. CONCLUSION: MK-801 effectively reduces brain lesion volume and the degree of cerebral edema in rat models of experimental acute brain injury, providing a good neuroprotective effect. Additionally, MK-801 has a good safety profile, and its mechanism of action is well known. Thus, MK-801 may be suitable for future clinical trials and applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Xing Yi
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Institute of Spine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Long-Yun Zhou
- Institute of Spine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education; School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Wang
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Jia Song
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Institute of Spine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Hui Han
- Institute of Spine; Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Song Zhang
- Jing'an District Center Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Jun Wang
- Institute of Spine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Institute of Spine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education; Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Institute of Spine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian-Qian Liang
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Institute of Spine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Institute of Spine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dumas SJ, Bru-Mercier G, Courboulin A, Quatredeniers M, Rücker-Martin C, Antigny F, Nakhleh MK, Ranchoux B, Gouadon E, Vinhas MC, Vocelle M, Raymond N, Dorfmüller P, Fadel E, Perros F, Humbert M, Cohen-Kaminsky S. NMDA-Type Glutamate Receptor Activation Promotes Vascular Remodeling and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Circulation 2018; 137:2371-2389. [PMID: 29444988 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.029930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive proliferation and apoptosis resistance in pulmonary vascular cells underlie vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Specific treatments for PAH exist, mostly targeting endothelial dysfunction, but high pulmonary arterial pressure still causes heart failure and death. Pulmonary vascular remodeling may be driven by metabolic reprogramming of vascular cells to increase glutaminolysis and glutamate production. The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), a major neuronal glutamate receptor, is also expressed on vascular cells, but its role in PAH is unknown. METHODS We assessed the status of the glutamate-NMDAR axis in the pulmonary arteries of patients with PAH and controls through mass spectrometry imaging, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. We measured the glutamate release from cultured pulmonary vascular cells using enzymatic assays and analyzed NMDAR regulation/phosphorylation through Western blot experiments. The effect of NMDAR blockade on human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation was determined using a BrdU incorporation assay. We assessed the role of NMDARs in vascular remodeling associated to pulmonary hypertension, in both smooth muscle-specific NMDAR knockout mice exposed to chronic hypoxia and the monocrotaline rat model of pulmonary hypertension using NMDAR blockers. RESULTS We report glutamate accumulation, upregulation of the NMDAR, and NMDAR engagement reflected by increases in GluN1-subunit phosphorylation in the pulmonary arteries of human patients with PAH. Kv channel inhibition and type A-selective endothelin receptor activation amplified calcium-dependent glutamate release from human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell, and type A-selective endothelin receptor and platelet-derived growth factor receptor activation led to NMDAR engagement, highlighting crosstalk between the glutamate-NMDAR axis and major PAH-associated pathways. The platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced proliferation of human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells involved NMDAR activation and phosphorylated GluN1 subunit localization to cell-cell contacts, consistent with glutamatergic communication between proliferating human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells via NMDARs. Smooth-muscle NMDAR deficiency in mice attenuated the vascular remodeling triggered by chronic hypoxia, highlighting the role of vascular NMDARs in pulmonary hypertension. Pharmacological NMDAR blockade in the monocrotaline rat model of pulmonary hypertension had beneficial effects on cardiac and vascular remodeling, decreasing endothelial dysfunction, cell proliferation, and apoptosis resistance while disrupting the glutamate-NMDAR pathway in pulmonary arteries. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal a dysregulation of the glutamate-NMDAR axis in the pulmonary arteries of patients with PAH and identify vascular NMDARs as targets for antiremodeling treatments in PAH.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Calcium/pharmacology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dizocilpine Maleate/pharmacology
- Endothelin-1/pharmacology
- Glutamic Acid/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptors, Endothelin/chemistry
- Receptors, Endothelin/metabolism
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/genetics
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien J Dumas
- INSERM UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
- University Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
| | - Gilles Bru-Mercier
- INSERM UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
- University Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
| | - Audrey Courboulin
- INSERM UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
- University Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
| | - Marceau Quatredeniers
- INSERM UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
- University Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
| | - Catherine Rücker-Martin
- INSERM UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
- University Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
| | - Fabrice Antigny
- INSERM UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
- University Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
| | - Morad K Nakhleh
- INSERM UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
- University Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
| | - Benoit Ranchoux
- INSERM UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
- University Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
| | - Elodie Gouadon
- INSERM UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
- University Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
| | - Maria-Candida Vinhas
- INSERM UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
- University Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
| | - Matthieu Vocelle
- INSERM UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
- University Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
| | - Nicolas Raymond
- INSERM UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
- University Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
| | - Peter Dorfmüller
- INSERM UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
- University Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
| | - Elie Fadel
- INSERM UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
- University Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
| | - Frédéric Perros
- INSERM UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
- University Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
| | - Marc Humbert
- INSERM UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
- University Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
- AP-HP Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H.)
| | - Sylvia Cohen-Kaminsky
- INSERM UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.).
- University Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (S.J.D., G.B.-M., A.C., M.Q., C.R.-M, F.A., M.K.N., B.R., E.G., M.-C.V., M.V., N.R., P.D., E.F., F.P., M.H., S.C.-K.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Popa-Wagner A, Glavan DG, Olaru A, Olaru DG, Margaritescu O, Tica O, Surugiu R, Sandu RE. Present Status and Future Challenges of New Therapeutic Targets in Preclinical Models of Stroke in Aged Animals with/without Comorbidities. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020356. [PMID: 29370078 PMCID: PMC5855578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging process, comorbidities, and age-associated diseases are closely dependent on each other. Cerebral ischemia impacts a wide range of systems in an age-dependent manner. However, the aging process has many facets which are influenced by the genetic background and epigenetic or environmental factors, which can explain why some people age differently than others. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify age-related changes in body functions or structures that increase the risk for stroke and which are associated with a poor outcome. Multimodal imaging, electrophysiology, cell biology, proteomics, and transcriptomics, offer a useful approach to link structural and functional changes in the aging brain, with or without comorbidities, to post-stroke rehabilitation. This can help us to improve our knowledge about senescence firstly, and in this context, aids in elucidating the pathophysiology of age-related diseases that allows us to develop therapeutic strategies or prevent diseases. These processes, including potential therapeutical interventions, need to be studied first in relevant preclinical models using aged animals, with and without comorbidities. Therefore, preclinical research on ischemic stroke should consider age as the most important risk factor for cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, the identification of effective therapeutic strategies, corroborated with successful translational studies, will have a dramatic impact on the lives of millions of people with cerebrovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Griffith University School of Medicine, Gold Coast Campus, QLD, Queensland Eye Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia.
- Department of Functional Sciences, Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Daniela-Gabriela Glavan
- Psychiatry Clinic Hospital, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Petru Rares Street 2, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Andrei Olaru
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | | | - Otilia Margaritescu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Oana Tica
- Department of "Mother and Child", University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Roxana Surugiu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Raluca Elena Sandu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rabiller G, He JW, Nishijima Y, Wong A, Liu J. Perturbation of Brain Oscillations after Ischemic Stroke: A Potential Biomarker for Post-Stroke Function and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:25605-40. [PMID: 26516838 PMCID: PMC4632818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161025605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain waves resonate from the generators of electrical current and propagate across brain regions with oscillation frequencies ranging from 0.05 to 500 Hz. The commonly observed oscillatory waves recorded by an electroencephalogram (EEG) in normal adult humans can be grouped into five main categories according to the frequency and amplitude, namely δ (1-4 Hz, 20-200 μV), θ (4-8 Hz, 10 μV), α (8-12 Hz, 20-200 μV), β (12-30 Hz, 5-10 μV), and γ (30-80 Hz, low amplitude). Emerging evidence from experimental and human studies suggests that groups of function and behavior seem to be specifically associated with the presence of each oscillation band, although the complex relationship between oscillation frequency and function, as well as the interaction between brain oscillations, are far from clear. Changes of brain oscillation patterns have long been implicated in the diseases of the central nervous system including ischemic stroke, in which the reduction of cerebral blood flow as well as the progression of tissue damage have direct spatiotemporal effects on the power of several oscillatory bands and their interactions. This review summarizes the current knowledge in behavior and function associated with each brain oscillation, and also in the specific changes in brain electrical activities that correspond to the molecular events and functional alterations observed after experimental and human stroke. We provide the basis of the generations of brain oscillations and potential cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying stroke-induced perturbation. We will also discuss the implications of using brain oscillation patterns as biomarkers for the prediction of stroke outcome and therapeutic efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gratianne Rabiller
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1700 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
- UCSF and SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux 33000, France.
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux 33000, France.
| | - Ji-Wei He
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1700 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
- UCSF and SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Yasuo Nishijima
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1700 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
- UCSF and SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Aaron Wong
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1700 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
- UCSF and SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
- Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
| | - Jialing Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1700 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
- UCSF and SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang PF, Zhou Y, Fang H, Lin S, Wang YC, Liu Y, Xia J, Eslick GD, Yang QW. Treatment of acute cerebral ischemia using animal models: a meta-analysis. Transl Neurosci 2015; 6:47-58. [PMID: 28123790 PMCID: PMC4936615 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2015-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are numerous potential treatments assessed for acute cerebral ischemia using animal models. This study aimed to assess the effect of these treatments in terms of infarct size and neurobehavioral change. This meta-analysis was conducted to determine if any of these treatments provide a superior benefit so that they might be used on humans. METHODS A systematic search was conducted using several electronic databases for controlled animal studies using only nonsurgical interventions for acute cerebral ischemia. A random-effects model was used. RESULTS After an extensive literature search, 145 studies were included in the analysis. These studies included 1408 treated animals and 1362 control animals. Treatments that had the most significant effect on neurobehavioral scales included insulin, various antagonists, including N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ACEA1021, calmodulin antagonist DY-9760e, and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist YM872, and antiviral agents. Treatments providing the greatest effect on infarct size included statins, sphingosine-1-phosphate agonist (fingolimod), alcohol, angiotensin, and leukotrienes. Treatments offering the greatest reduction in brain water content included various agonists, including sphingosine-1-phosphate agonist fingolimod, statins, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). Treatment groups with more than one study all had high heterogeneity (I2 > 80%), however, using meta-regression we determined several sources of heterogeneity including sample size of the treatment and control groups, the occlusion time, but not the year when the study was conducted. CONCLUSIONS Some treatments stand out when compared to others for acute cerebral ischemia in animals. Greater replication of treatment studies is required before any treatments are selected for future human trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huang Fang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Development and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Histoembryology and Neurobiology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Chun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Systematic Review Solutions, China
| | - Guy D Eslick
- Department of Surgery, The University of Sydney, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, Australia
| | - Qing-Wu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kleteckova L, Tsenov G, Kubova H, Stuchlik A, Vales K. Neuroprotective effect of the 3α5β-pregnanolone glutamate treatment in the model of focal cerebral ischemia in immature rats. Neurosci Lett 2014; 564:11-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
13
|
Flores JJ, Zhang Y, Klebe DW, Lekic T, Fu W, Zhang JH. Small molecule inhibitors in the treatment of cerebral ischemia. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2014; 15:659-80. [PMID: 24491068 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2014.884560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stroke is the world's second leading cause of death. Although recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is an effective treatment for cerebral ischemia, its limitations and ischemic stroke's complex pathophysiology dictate an increased need for the development of new therapeutic interventions. Small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) have the potential to be used as novel therapeutic modalities for stroke, since many preclinical and clinical trials have established their neuroprotective capabilities. AREAS COVERED This paper provides a summary of the pathophysiology of stroke as well as clinical and preclinical evaluations of SMIs as therapeutic interventions for cerebral ischemia. Cerebral ischemia is broken down into four mechanisms in this article: thrombosis, ischemic insult, mitochondrial injury and immune response. Insight is provided into preclinical and current clinical assessments of SMIs targeting each mechanism as well as a summary of reported results. EXPERT OPINION Many studies demonstrated that pre- or post-treatment with certain SMIs significantly ameliorated adverse effects from stroke. Although some of these promising SMIs moved on to clinical trials, they generally failed, possibly due to the poor translation of preclinical to clinical experiments. Yet, there are many steps being taken to improve the quality of experimental research and translation to clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry J Flores
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Risley Hall, Room 223, Loma Linda, CA 92354 , USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Present status and future challenges of electroencephalography- and magnetic resonance imaging-based monitoring in preclinical models of focal cerebral ischemia. Brain Res Bull 2014; 102:22-36. [PMID: 24462642 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Animal models are useful tools for better understanding the mechanisms underlying neurological deterioration after an ischemic insult as well as subsequent evolution of changes and recovery of functions. In response to the updated requirements for preclinical investigations of stroke to include relevant functional measurement techniques and biomarker endpoints, we here review the state of knowledge on application of some translational electrophysiological and neuroimaging methods, and in particular, electroencephalography monitoring and magnetic resonance imaging in rodent models of ischemic stroke. This may lead to improvement of diagnostic methods and identification of new therapeutic targets, which would considerably advance the translational value of preclinical stroke research.
Collapse
|
15
|
Moyanova SG, Mitreva RG, Kortenska LV, Nicoletti F, Ngomba RT. Age-dependence of sensorimotor and cerebral electroencephalographic asymmetry in rats subjected to unilateral cerebrovascular stroke. EXPERIMENTAL & TRANSLATIONAL STROKE MEDICINE 2013; 5:13. [PMID: 24245542 PMCID: PMC4176494 DOI: 10.1186/2040-7378-5-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human population mostly affected by stroke is more than 65 years old. This study was designed to meet the recommendation that models of cerebral ischemia in aged animals are more relevant to the clinical setting than young animal models. Until now the majority of the pre-clinical studies examining age effects on stroke outcomes have used rats of old age. Considering the increasing incidence of stroke among younger than old human population, new translational approaches in animal models are needed to match the rejuvenation of stroke. A better knowledge of alterations in stroke outcomes in middle-aged rats has important preventive and management implications providing clues for future investigations on effects of various neuroprotective and neurorestorative drugs against cerebrovascular accidents that may occur before late senescence. METHODS We evaluated the impact of transient focal ischemia, induced by intracerebral unilateral infusion of endothelin-1 (Et-1) near the middle cerebral artery of conscious rats, on volume of brain damage and asymmetry in behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) output measures in middle-aged (11-12 month-old) rats. RESULTS We did not find any age-dependent difference in the volume of ischemic brain damage three days after Et-1 infusion. However, age was an important determinant of neurological and EEG outcomes after stroke. Middle-aged ischemic rats had more impaired somatosensory functions of the contralateral part of the body than young ischemic rats and thus, had greater left-right reflex/sensorimotor asymmetry. Interhemispheric EEG asymmetry was more evident in middle-aged than in young ischemic rats, and this could tentatively explain the behavioral asymmetry. CONCLUSIONS With a multiparametric approach, we have validated the endothelin model of ischemia in middle-aged rats. The results provide clues for future studies on mechanisms underlying plasticity after brain damage and motivate investigations of novel neuroprotective strategies against cerebrovascular accidents that may occur before late senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Richard T Ngomba
- I,R,C,C,S,, NEUROMED, Localita Camerelle, 86077, Pozzilli, (IS), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Characterisation of endothelin-1-induced intrastriatal lesions within the juvenile and adult rat brain using MRI and 31P MRS. Transl Stroke Res 2013; 4:351-67. [PMID: 24323302 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-013-0258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Improved non-invasive magnetic resonance (MR) characterisation of in vivo models of focal ischaemic insults such as transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and perinatal arterial ischaemic stroke (AIS) may assist diagnosis, outcome prediction and treatment design. The classic middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of ischaemic stroke is well documented in MR studies but generates extensive and complex lesions involving an acute inflammatory response and de-occlusion that immediately restores circulation. By contrast, intrastriatal microinjection of the potent vasoconstrictor, endothelin-1 (ET-1), induces a focal, reversible and low-flow ischaemia in the absence of a typical inflammatory response, which gradually restores blood flow over several hours and may be more relevant to TIA and AIS pathology. This study presents the first comprehensive longitudinal MR characterisation of the real-time anatomical [T1-weighted (T1-w)/T2-weighted (T2-w)], pathophysiological [apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), cerebral blood volume, gadolinium contrast imaging of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity] and metabolic [phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS)] evolution of a purely ischaemic ET-1-induced lesion within the juvenile and adult rat brain. ET-1-induced cytotoxic oedema was visualised on T2-w magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), inconsistent with the conventional notion that it cannot be detected using anatomical MRI. There was no immunohistochemical evidence of an acute inflammatory response or loss of BBB integrity, thus excluding a vasogenic oedema contribution to the pathology. Maximal T2-w intensity correlated with the lowest ADC value in both age groups, re-emphasising the purely ischaemic nature of the lesion and the absence of vasogenic oedema. Furthermore, extensive acute T1-w hypointensity was observed in the presence of cytotoxic oedema-induced T2-w changes, whereas other authors have shown that increased T1 values following MCAO reflect vasogenic oedema. Intriguingly, the lesion border exhibited hyperintensity on T2-w and ADC MRI at later time points, and the former may be a consequence of phagocytosis-induced fatty droplet deposition by macrophages detected immunohistochemically. In spite of a chronically reduced ADC, typically associated with ischaemia-induced energy failure, a 31P MRS-detectable reduction in the phosphocreatine (PCr) to gamma adenosine triphosphate (γATP) ratio was not observed at any time point in either age group, suggesting dissociation of tissue water diffusion and metabolic changes within the ET-1-induced lesion.
Collapse
|
17
|
MK-801 Protects against Intracellular Ca2+ Overloading and Improves N-methyl-d-aspartate Receptor Expression in Cerebral Cortex of Methylmercury-Poisoned Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9926-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
18
|
Xu B, Xu ZF, Deng Y, Liu W, Yang HB, Wei YG. Protective effects of MK-801 on methylmercury-induced neuronal injury in rat cerebral cortex: Involvement of oxidative stress and glutamate metabolism dysfunction. Toxicology 2012; 300:112-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
19
|
Verma R, Mishra V, Gupta K, Sasmal D, Raghubir R. Neuroprotection by rosiglitazone in transient focal cerebral ischemia might not be mediated by glutamate transporter-1. J Neurosci Res 2011; 89:1849-58. [PMID: 21826699 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate transport represents a key mechanism for maintaining low level of glutamate in the extracellular milieu to restrict the excitotoxic action of glutamate released during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Recently, it has been reported that glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) is a novel target for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonist, which shows neuroprotection following oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) in neuronal-astrocytic cocultures. Hence, the present study was undertaken to investigate the role of rosiglitazone in neuroprotection mediated by GLT-1 following focal cerebral I/R injury in rat. We found that rosiglitazone (2 mg/kg i.p) administered pre- or post-I/R injury significantly improved behavioral outcome and decreased cerebral infarct volume. However, no significant changes were observed in GLT-1 mRNA and protein expression in rosiglitazone-treated rats following 1 hr of ischemia/24 hr of reperfusion (1/24 hr I/R) injury. Interestingly, bioinformatics analysis also does not reveal any PPAR response element on the GLT-1/EAAT2 promoter region. Further rosiglitazone neither increased [(3) H]glutamate uptake in glia-enriched preparations nor caused any change in glutamine synthetase activity. On the other hand, there was a significant (P < 0.05) downregulation in tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β gene expression, which were more pronounced in the posttreatment group. The posttreatment with rosiglitazone also significantly reduced the increase in prostaglandin E2 level in the ischemic brain. Therefore, the present findings suggest that the neuroprotective effect of rosiglitazone does not seem to be mediated by modulation of GLT-1 protein expression/activity in a focal cerebral ischemia model. However, the results do provide increasing evidence that the neuroprotective effect may be mediated by its antiinflammatory action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Verma
- Division of Pharmacology, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Radenovic L, Selakovic V, Janac B, Andjus PR. Neuroprotective efficiency of NMDA receptor blockade in the striatum and CA3 hippocampus after various durations of cerebral ischemia in gerbils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 98:32-44. [PMID: 21388929 DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.98.2011.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate neuroprotective efficiency of N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR) blockade on the neuronal damage in the less studied and allegedly less affected CA3 hippocampus and striatum in the Mongolian gerbil model of global cerebral ischemia. The common carotid arteries of gerbils were occluded for 5, 10 or 15 minutes. Gerbils were given a low dose of non-competitive NMDA antagonist (MK-801, 3 mg/kg i.p.) or saline immediately after the occlusion in normothermic conditions. Neuronal damage was examined on 4th, 14th and 28th day after reperfusion. The effect of NMDAR blockade was followed in vivo by monitoring the neurological status of whole animals or at the cellular level by standard light- and confocal microscopy on brain slices. Increased duration of cerebral ischemia resulted in a progressive loss of striatal and CA3 hippocampal neurons. The most beneficial NMDAR blockade effect was observed when the neuronal damage was most severe - on the 28th day after 15-min ischemia. As judged by morphological and neurological data, the effect of ischemia is also apparent in the presumed less vulnerable regions (CA3 and striatum) which are functionally important in stroke plasticity. So, NMDAR blockade in normothermic conditions showed neuroprotective efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Radenovic
- University of Belgrade, Center for Laser Microscopy, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
We examined the influence of type 4 metabotropic glutamate (mGlu4) receptors on ischemic brain damage using the permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in mice and the endothelin-1 (Et-1) model of transient focal ischemia in rats. Mice lacking mGlu4 receptors showed a 25% to 30% increase in infarct volume after MCAO as compared with wild-type littermates. In normal mice, systemic injection of the selective mGlu4 receptor enhancer, N-phenyl-7-(hydroxyimino)cyclopropa[b]chromen-1a-caboxamide (PHCCC; 10 mg/kg, subcutaneous, administered once 30 minutes before MCAO), reduced the extent of ischemic brain damage by 35% to 45%. The drug was inactive in mGlu4 receptor knockout mice. In the Et-1 model, PHCCC administered only once 20 minutes after ischemia reduced the infarct volume to a larger extent in the caudate/putamen than in the cerebral cortex. Ischemic rats treated with PHCCC showed a faster recovery of neuronal function, as shown by electrocorticographic recording and by a battery of specific tests, which assess sensorimotor deficits. These data indicate that activation of mGlu4 receptors limit the development of brain damage after permanent or transient focal ischemia. These findings are promising because selective mGlu4 receptor enhancers are under clinical development for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and other central nervous system disorders.
Collapse
|
22
|
Xu B, Xu ZF, Deng Y. Protective effects of MK-801 on manganese-induced glutamate metabolism disorder in rat striatum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:381-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2009.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2009] [Revised: 05/17/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
23
|
Fatehi-Hassanabad Z, Tasker RA. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) Activation Confers Functional Neuroprotection in Global Ischemia. Neurotox Res 2010; 19:462-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-010-9201-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
24
|
Selakovic V, Janac B, Radenovic L. MK-801 effect on regional cerebral oxidative stress rate induced by different duration of global ischemia in gerbils. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 342:35-50. [PMID: 20422259 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated MK-801 effect on ischemia-induced oxidative stress-the most important factor that exacerbates brain damage by reperfusion. The common carotid arteries of gerbils were occluded for 5, 10, or 15 min. Immediately after the occlusion, MK-801 (3 mg/kg i.p.) or saline were given in normothermic conditions. The MK-801 effects were followed in vivo by monitoring the neurological status of animals and at the intracellular level by standard biochemical assays. We investigated nitric oxide levels, superoxide production, superoxide dismutase activity, index of lipid peroxidation (ILP), and reduced glutathione content in hippocampus, striatum, forebrain cortex, and cerebellum. The measurements took place at different times (1, 2, 4, 7, 14, and 28 days) after reperfusion. Increased duration of cerebral ischemia resulted in a progressive induction of oxidative stress. Our results revealed pattern of dynamic changes in each oxidative stress parameter level which corresponded with ischemia duration in all tested brain structures. Most sensitive oxidative stress parameters were ILP and superoxide production. Our study confirmed spatial distribution of ischemia-induced oxidative stress. Tested brain structures showed different sensitivity to each oxidative stress parameter. As judged by biochemical and neurological data, applied MK-801 showed neuroprotective efficiency by reduction of ischemia-induced oxidative stress in brain.
Collapse
|
25
|
Cao W, Shah HP, Glushakov AV, Mecca AP, Shi P, Sumners C, Seubert CN, Martynyuk AE. Efficacy of 3,5-dibromo-L-phenylalanine in rat models of stroke, seizures and sensorimotor gating deficit. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 158:2005-13. [PMID: 20050189 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00498.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Abnormal glutamatergic activity is implicated in neurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders. Selective glutamate receptor antagonists were highly effective in animal models of stroke and seizures but failed in further clinical development because of serious side effects, including an almost complete set of symptoms of schizophrenia. Therefore, the novel polyvalent glutamatergic agent 3,5-dibromo-L-phenylalanine (3,5-DBr-L-Phe) was studied in rat models of stroke, seizures and sensorimotor gating deficit. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH 3,5-DBr-L-Phe was administered intraperitoneally as three boluses after intracerebral injection of endothelin-1 (ET-1) adjacent to the middle cerebral artery to cause brain injury (a model of stroke). 3,5-DBr-L-Phe was also given as a single bolus prior to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) injection to induce seizures or prior to the administration of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist dizocilpine (MK-801) to cause disruption of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle (sensorimotor gating deficit). KEY RESULTS Brain damage caused by ET-1 was reduced by 52%, which is comparable with the effects of MK-801 in this model as reported by others. 3,5-DBr-L-Phe significantly reduced seizures induced by PTZ without the significant effects on arterial blood pressure and heart rate normally caused by NMDA antagonists. 3,5-DBr-L-Phe prevented the disruption of PPI measured 3 days after the administration of ET-1. 3,5-DBr-L-Phe also eliminated sensorimotor gating deficit caused by MK-801. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The pharmacological profile of 3,5-DBr-L-Phe might be beneficial not only for developing a therapy for the neurological and cognitive symptoms of stroke and seizures but also for some neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0254, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kalonia H, Kumar P, Kumar A, Nehru B. Effects of caffeic acid, rofecoxib, and their combination against quinolinic acid-induced behavioral alterations and disruption in glutathione redox status. Neurosci Bull 2009; 25:343-52. [PMID: 19927170 PMCID: PMC5552501 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-009-0513-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The neuroprotective roles of cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipooxygenase (LOX) inhibitors have been well documented. Quinolinic acid (QA) is a well-known excitotoxic agent that could induce behavioral, morphological and biochemical alterations similar with symptoms of Huntington's disease (HD), by stimulating NMDA receptors. However, the exact roles of COX and LOX inhibitors in HD have not yet been explained. The present study aims to elucidate the effects of caffeic acid (a specific inhibitor for LOX), rofecoxib (a specific inhibitor for COX-2), and their combination in ameliorating QA-induced neurotoxicity in rats. METHODS QA was injected into the right striatum of rats to induce neurotoxicity. Caffeic acid and rofecoxib were then orally administered separately. In the combination study, caffeic acid and rofecoxib were administered together. After that, a series of behavioral assessments were conducted to determine the effects of caffeic acid and rofecoxib, respectively, and the co-effect of caffeic acid and rofecoxib, against QA-induced neurotoxicity. RESULTS Intrastriatal QA administration (300 nmol) not only induced a significant reduction in body weight and motor incoordination, but also altered the redox status (decreased glutathione and increased oxidized glutathione level) in striatum, as compared to the sham group. Moreover, chronic treatment with caffeic acid (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively, p.o.) or rofecoxib (10 mg/kg, p.o.) could significantly attenuate QA-induced behavioral alterations and restore the redox status in striatum. However, at the dose of 2.5 mg/kg, caffeic acid did not show any significant effects on these parameters in QA-treated rats. Furthermore, the combination of rofecoxib (10 mg/kg) and caffeic acid (5 mg/kg) could significantly protect against QA neurotoxicity. CONCLUSION The in vivo study indicates that excitotoxic injury to the brain might affect oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium by eliciting changes in glutathione. Moreover, the LOX and the COX pathways may be both involved in quinolinic-induced neurotoxicity, which provides a promising target for HD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harikesh Kalonia
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Grants Commission, Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Grants Commission, Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Grants Commission, Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Bimla Nehru
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ashioti M, Beech JS, Lowe AS, Bernanos M, McCreary A, Modo MM, Williams SCR. Neither in vivo MRI nor behavioural assessment indicate therapeutic efficacy for a novel 5HT(1A) agonist in rat models of ischaemic stroke. BMC Neurosci 2009; 10:82. [PMID: 19607699 PMCID: PMC2720976 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-10-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background 5HT1A agonists have previously been shown to promote recovery in animal models of stroke using ex vivo outcome measures which have raised the hopes for a potential clinical implementation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential neuroprotective properties of a novel 5HT1A agonist DU123015 in 2 different models of transient focal ischaemic stroke of varying severities using both in vivo neuroimaging and behavioural techniques as primary outcome measures. For these studies, the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 was also utilized as a positive control to further assess the effectiveness of the stroke models and techniques used. Results In contrast to MK-801, no significant therapeutic effect of DU123015 on lesion volume in either the distal MCAo or intraluminal thread model of stroke was found. MK-801 significantly reduced lesion volume in both models; the mild distal MCAo condition (60 min ischaemia) and the intraluminal thread model, although it had no significant impact upon the lesion size in the severe distal MCAo condition (120 min ischaemia). These therapeutic effects on lesion size were mirrored on a behavioural test for sensory neglect and neurological deficit score in the intraluminal thread model. Conclusion This study highlights the need for a thorough experimental design to test novel neuroprotective compounds in experimental stroke investigations incorporating: a positive reference compound, different models of focal ischaemia, varying the duration of ischaemia, and objective in vivo assessments within a single study. This procedure will help us to minimise the translation of less efficacious compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ashioti
- Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, Denmark Hill, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has been implicated not only to prevent N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced neurotoxicity but also to enhance Ca(2+) influx through NMDA receptor (NMDAr). However, these DHEA effects, which would produce inconsistent outcomes about neuronal damages, are not well studied in ischemia-induced cerebral damages. Herein, we report that a single administration of DHEA (20 mg/kg) during 3 to 48 h after transient global cerebral ischemia in rats exerted neuroprotective effects such as reduction of ischemia-induced neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 and improvement of ischemia-induced deficits in spatial learning. By contrast, at 1 h before or after ischemia, the administration of DHEA exacerbated the ischemia-induced neuronal death and learning impairment. This DHEA neurotoxicity appeared to be caused by DHEA itself, but not through its metabolite testosterone, and was inhibited by a pretreatment with the NMDAr blocker MK801 or the sigma-1 (sigma(1)) receptor antagonist NE100. However, the DHEA neuroprotection was blocked by NE100. These results show that DHEA not only provides robust ischemic neuroprotection with a long therapeutic opportunity but also exerts neurotoxicity when administered during ischemia and early reperfusion, which points to the importance of administration timing of DHEA in the clinical treatment of brain damages by the transient brain ischemia including stroke.
Collapse
|
29
|
Mastroiacovo F, Busceti CL, Biagioni F, Moyanova SG, Meisler MH, Battaglia G, Caricasole A, Bruno V, Nicoletti F. Induction of the Wnt antagonist, Dickkopf-1, contributes to the development of neuronal death in models of brain focal ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2009; 29:264-76. [PMID: 18827832 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2008.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the canonical Wnt pathway has been implicated in the pathophysiology of neuronal death. Here, we report that the secreted Wnt antagonist, Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) is rapidly induced in neurons after induction of focal brain ischemia. In rats undergoing transient focal ischemia in response to brain infusion of endothelin-1, Dkk-1 was induced in neurons of the ischemic core and the penumbra region. Induction of Dkk-1 was associated with a reduced expression of beta-catenin (a downstream signaling molecule of the canonical Wnt pathway), and was not observed in neurons expressing the protective protein, heat shock protein-70. Treatment with lithium ions, which, inter alia, rescue the canonical Wnt pathway, was highly protective against ischemic damage. Dkk-1 was also induced in cortical neurons of mice undergoing permanent middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. This model allowed us to compare wild-type mice with doubleridge mice, which are characterized by a reduced expression of Dkk-1. Doubleridge mice showed an attenuated reduction of beta-catenin and a reduced infarct volume in response to MCA occlusion, providing a direct demonstration that Dkk-1 contributes to the pathophysiology of ischemic neuronal damage. These data rise the interesting possibility that Dkk-1 antagonists or drugs that rescue the Wnt pathway might be neuroprotective in stroke.
Collapse
|
30
|
Ketanserin reduces the postischemic EEG and behavioural changes following Endothelin-1-induced occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in conscious rats. Open Med (Wars) 2008. [DOI: 10.2478/s11536-008-0058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWe modeled the common clinical conditions of human stroke in fully conscious rats through an occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) by means of unilateral microinjection of Endothelin-1 (ET1) in the vicinity of the artery (EMCAO model). Since the role of serotonin (5-HT) system in the regulation of the cerebral blood flow has been known for long time and no data are available at present for the effects of 5-HT antagonists in focal ischemia models, we further tested whether a blockade of the serotonin-2A (5-HT2A) receptors by ketanserin (20 min post-ET1) would diminish the late EMCAO-induced functional and morphological changes. The long-term neurological (postural reflex) and electroencephalogram (EEG) changes in the somatosensory cortical region (S1FL) were used to assess the effects of ketanserin on the post-ischemic changes. The study was supplemented by a histopathological examination of S1FL area and striatum of both hemispheres. The EMCAO/ ketanserin-treated rats showed much smaller neurological deficits than the EMCAO rats treated with vehicle. This effect was observed on day 3 and lasted until the end of experiments-14 days after EMCAO. The depression of alpha and beta EEG frequencies found after EMCAO was significantly and earlier restored following ketanserin. Notably, there was not augmentation of the pathological slow EEG waves at day 3 post-ET1 in the EMCAO ketanserin-treated rats compared with that observed in the EMCAO vehicle-treated rats. Although there were mild morphological changes in the penumbral S1FL cortical region after EMCAO, ketanserin reduced the histopathological difference between the ipsilateral and contralateral cortical S1FL regions, but did not change the difference between striatum of both sides. Ketanserin reduced the infarct size in ipsilateral hemisphere (mainly cortex). In conclusion, the results showed that treatment with ketanserin at the early stage of stroke may reduce the consequences of ischemia by improvement of functional and morphological recovery at later stages. Ketanserin appears to be a promising candidate for mitigating the consequences of stroke.
Collapse
|
31
|
Temporal patterns of motor behavioural improvements by MK-801 in Mongolian gerbils submitted to different duration of global cerebral ischemia. Behav Brain Res 2008; 194:72-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Revised: 06/17/2008] [Accepted: 06/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
32
|
Glendenning ML, Lovekamp-Swan T, Schreihofer DA. Protective effect of estrogen in endothelin-induced middle cerebral artery occlusion in female rats. Neurosci Lett 2008; 445:188-92. [PMID: 18790008 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Revised: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen is a powerful endogenous and exogenous neuroprotective agent in animal models of brain injury, including focal cerebral ischemia. Although this protection has been demonstrated in several different treatment and injury paradigms, it has not been demonstrated in focal cerebral ischemia induced by intraparenchymal endothelin-1 injection, a model with many advantages over other models of experimental focal ischemia. Reproductively mature female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized and divided into placebo and estradiol-treated groups. Two weeks later, halothane-anesthetized rats underwent middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion by interparenchymal stereotactic injection of the potent vasoconstrictor endothelin 1 (180pmoles/2microl) near the middle cerebral artery. Laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) revealed similar reductions in cerebral blood flow in both groups. Animals were behaviorally evaluated before, and 2 days after, stroke induction, and infarct size was evaluated. In agreement with other models, estrogen treatment significantly reduced infarct size evaluated by both TTC and Fluoro-Jade staining and behavioral deficits associated with stroke. Stroke size was significantly correlated with LDF in both groups, suggesting that cranial perfusion measures can enhance success in this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele L Glendenning
- Department of Physiology, CA3145, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912-3000, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Souza-Rodrigues R, Costa A, Lima R, Dos Santos C, Picanço-Diniz C, Gomes-Leal W. Inflammatory response and white matter damage after microinjections of endothelin-1 into the rat striatum. Brain Res 2008; 1200:78-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2007] [Revised: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 11/08/2007] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
34
|
Dos Santos CD, Picanço-Diniz CW, Gomes-Leal W. Differential patterns of inflammatory response, axonal damage and myelin impairment following excitotoxic or ischemic damage to the trigeminal spinal nucleus of adult rats. Brain Res 2007; 1172:130-44. [PMID: 17822682 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Revised: 07/11/2007] [Accepted: 07/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory response, axonal damage and demyelination are important components of the pathophysiology of acute neurodegenerative diseases. We have investigated the outcome of these pathological events following an excitotoxic or an ischemic damage to the spinal nucleus of adult rats at 1 and 7 days postinjury. Microinjections of 80 nmol of NMDA or 40 pmol of endothelin-1 into the rat spinal nucleus induced differential histopathological events. NMDA injection induced intense tissue loss in the gray matter (GM) without significant tissue loss in the white matter (WM). There was a mild inflammatory response, with recruitment of a few neutrophils and macrophages. Axonal damage was present in the GM following NMDA injection, with negligible axonal damage in the WM. Myelin impairment was apparent at 7 days. Microinjections of endothelin-1 into the same region induced lesser tissue loss than NMDA injections, concomitant with an intense inflammatory response characterized by recruitment of macrophages, but not of neutrophils. There were more axonal damage and early myelin impairment after endothelin-1 injection. These results were confirmed by quantitative analysis. Microcysts were present in the WM of the trigeminothalamic tract at 7 days following injection of endothelin-1. These results show that an ischemic damage to the spinal nucleus affects both GM and WM with more bystander inflammation, axonal damage and myelin impairment, while excitotoxic damage induces effects more restricted to the GM. These pathological events may occur following acute damage to the human brain stem and can be an important contributing factor to the underlying functional deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C D Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration, Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Pará, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|