1
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Himaki T, Hano K. Effects of alpha lipoic acid treatment during in vitro maturation on the development of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13889. [PMID: 38031165 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress influences the embryo production efficiency in vitro. We investigated the effects of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) treatment during the in vitro maturation (IVM) period on the porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryo production. After IVM, maturation rates of the 12.5- and 25-μM ALA-treated groups were not significantly different from those of the 0-μM ALA-treated group. Compared to those in the 0-μM ALA-treated group, the reactive oxygen species and glutathione levels were significantly decreased and increased, respectively, in the cytoplasm of matured oocytes in the 12.5-50-μM ALA-treated groups. Apoptosis rate in cumulus cells after IVM was significantly lower in the 12.5-50-μM ALA-treated groups than in the 0-μM ALA-treated group. Blastocyst formation rate was significantly higher in parthenogenetic oocytes treated with 12.5-μM ALA than in the 0-, 25-, and 50-μM ALA-treated groups. Similarly, in SCNT embryos, the 12.5-μM ALA-treated group showed a significantly higher blastocyst formation rate than the 0-μM ALA-treated group. Apoptosis rate in SCNT blastocysts was significantly decreased by 12.5-μM ALA treatment. The results showed that treatment with 12.5-μM ALA during IVM improves porcine SCNT embryo development and partial quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Himaki
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hano
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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2
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Enantioselective Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Aza-CGP37157–Lipoic Acid Hybrids for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010112. [PMID: 35052616 PMCID: PMC8772772 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrids based on an aza-analogue of CGP37157, a mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger antagonist, and lipoic acid were obtained in order to combine in a single molecule the antioxidant and NRF2 induction properties of lipoic acid and the neuroprotective activity of CGP37157. The four possible enantiomers of the hybrid structure were synthesized by using as the key step a fully diastereoselective reduction induced by Ellman’s chiral auxiliary. After computational druggability studies that predicted good ADME profiles and blood–brain permeation for all compounds, the DPPH assay showed moderate oxidant scavenger capacity. Following a cytotoxicity evaluation that proved the compounds to be non-neurotoxic at the concentrations tested, they were assayed for NRF2 induction capacity and for anti-inflammatory properties and measured by their ability to inhibit nitrite production in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglial cell model. Moreover, the compounds were studied for their neuroprotective effect in a model of oxidative stress achieved by treatment of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with the rotenone–oligomycin combination and also in a model of hyperphosphorylation induced by treatment with okadaic acid. The stereocenter configuration showed a critical influence in NRF2 induction properties, and also in the neuroprotection against oxidative stress experiment, leading to the identification of the compound with S and R configuration as an interesting hit with a good neuroprotective profile against oxidative stress and hyperphosphorylation, together with a relevant anti-neuroinflammatory activity. This interesting multitarget profile will be further characterized in future work.
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3
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Wang Y, Gao L, Chen J, Li Q, Huo L, Wang Y, Wang H, Du J. Pharmacological Modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway as a Therapeutic Target of Parkinson's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:757161. [PMID: 34887759 PMCID: PMC8650509 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.757161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder featuring both motor and nonmotor symptoms associated with a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Oxidative stress (OS) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. Genetic and environmental factors can produce OS, which has been implicated as a core contributor to the initiation and progression of PD through the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) orchestrates activation of multiple protective genes, including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which protects cells from OS. Nrf2 has also been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects and modulate both mitochondrial function and biogenesis. Recently, a series of studies have reported that different bioactive compounds were shown to be able to activate Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) and can ameliorate PD-associated neurotoxin, both in animal models and in tissue culture. In this review, we briefly overview the sources of OS and the association between OS and the pathogenesis of PD. Then, we provided a concise overview of Nrf2/ARE pathway and delineated the role played by activation of Nrf2/HO-1 in PD. At last, we expand our discussion to the neuroprotective effects of pharmacological modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 by bioactive compounds and the potential application of Nrf2 activators for the treatment of PD. This review suggests that pharmacological modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway by bioactive compounds is a therapeutic target of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Luyan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, The Fourth Central Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, The Fourth Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jichao Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Liang Huo
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanchao Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Hongquan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jichen Du
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
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4
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Tancheva LP, Lazarova MI, Alexandrova AV, Dragomanova ST, Nicoletti F, Tzvetanova ER, Hodzhev YK, Kalfin RE, Miteva SA, Mazzon E, Tzvetkov NT, Atanasov AG. Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Three Natural Antioxidants on a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease: A Comparative Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9010049. [PMID: 31935828 PMCID: PMC7022962 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared the neuroprotective action of three natural bio-antioxidants (AOs): ellagic acid (EA), α-lipoic acid (LA), and myrtenal (Myrt) in an experimental model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) that was induced in male Wistar rats through an intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). The animals were divided into five groups: the sham-operated (SO) control group; striatal 6-OHDA-lesioned control group; and three groups of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats pre-treated for five days with EA, LA, and Myrt (50 mg/kg; intraperitoneally- i.p.), respectively. On the 2nd and the 3rd week post lesion, the animals were subjected to several behavioral tests: apomorphine-induced rotation; rotarod; and the passive avoidance test. Biochemical evaluation included assessment of main oxidative stress parameters as well as dopamine (DA) levels in brain homogenates. The results showed that all three test compounds improved learning and memory performance as well as neuromuscular coordination. Biochemical assays showed that all three compounds substantially decreased lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, and restored catalase (CAT) activity and DA levels that were impaired by the challenge with 6-OHDA. Based on these results, we can conclude that the studied AOs demonstrate properties that are consistent with significant antiparkinsonian effects. The most powerful neuroprotective effect was observed with Myrt, and this work represents the first demonstration of its anti-Parkinsonian impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubka P. Tancheva
- Department of Behavior Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (S.T.D.); (S.A.M.)
- Correspondence: (L.P.T.); (A.G.A.); Tel.: +359-2979-2175 (L.P.T.); +48-227-367-022 (A.G.A.)
| | - Maria I. Lazarova
- Department of Synaptic Signaling and Communications, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (M.I.L.); (R.E.K.)
| | - Albena V. Alexandrova
- Department Biological Effects of Natural and Synthetic Substances, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (A.V.A.); (E.R.T.)
| | - Stela T. Dragomanova
- Department of Behavior Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (S.T.D.); (S.A.M.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Varna 9002, Bulgaria
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Elina R. Tzvetanova
- Department Biological Effects of Natural and Synthetic Substances, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (A.V.A.); (E.R.T.)
| | - Yordan K. Hodzhev
- Department of Sensory Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria;
| | - Reni E. Kalfin
- Department of Synaptic Signaling and Communications, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (M.I.L.); (R.E.K.)
| | - Simona A. Miteva
- Department of Behavior Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (S.T.D.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy;
| | - Nikolay T. Tzvetkov
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria;
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Department of Synaptic Signaling and Communications, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (M.I.L.); (R.E.K.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: (L.P.T.); (A.G.A.); Tel.: +359-2979-2175 (L.P.T.); +48-227-367-022 (A.G.A.)
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5
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Michalska P, Tenti G, Satriani M, Cores A, Ramos MT, García AG, Menéndez JC, León R. Aza-CGP37157-lipoic hybrids designed as novel Nrf2-inducers and antioxidants exert neuroprotection against oxidative stress and show neuroinflammation inhibitory properties. Drug Dev Res 2019; 81:283-294. [PMID: 31693218 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Two multitarget hybrids, derived from an aza-analogue of CGP37157, a mitochondrial Na+ /Ca2+ exchanger antagonist, and lipoic acid were designed in order to combine in a single molecule the antioxidant and Nrf2 induction properties of lipoic acid and the neuroprotective activity of CGP37157. The hybrid derivatives showed Nrf2 induction and radical scavenging properties, leading to a good neuroprotective profile against oxidative stress, together with an interesting antineuroinflammatory activity. The results obtained show differences in activity depending on the configuration of the chiral center of LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Michalska
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giammarco Tenti
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michelle Satriani
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Cores
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Ramos
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio G García
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Carlos Menéndez
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Choi M, Park M, Lee S, Lee JW, Choi WJ, Lee C. Establishment of Nrf2-deficient HaCaT and immortalized primary human foreskin keratinocytes and characterization of their responses to ROS-induced cytotoxicity. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 61:104602. [PMID: 31319135 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor responsible for the induction of cytoprotective genes when a cell is exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Insufficient ROS neutralization has been associated with undesirable changes in the skin caused by age and disease. In order to mimic the pathological conditions of these oxidative stress-induced skin disorders, we established Nrf2-deficient HaCaT and immortalized human foreskin keratinocyte (iHFK) cell lines via lentiviral transduction of Nrf2-targeting short-hairpin RNAs. Their transcriptional, as well as translational blockage of Nrf2 expression, was verified by using a proteasomal inhibitor (MG132) and well-known Nrf2 activator (α-lipoic acid (ALA)). Reduced expression of NADPH dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO-1) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) genes, which are well-characterized downstream targets of Nrf2-mediated transactivation, was also confirmed by using ALA and another Nrf2 activator, marliolide. In general, iHFK cells displayed more enhanced cytotoxicity to menadione, a ROS-generating reference compound, than HaCaT cells. In addition, the Nrf2 deficiency highly potentiated the cytotoxic effects of menadione in both HaCaT and iHFK cells. Interestingly, pretreatment of either ALA or marliolide conferred protection against the ROS induction and the subsequent development of cytotoxicity by menadione in both HaCaT and iHFK cells regardless of the Nrf2 status. These data suggest a possibility for activation of Nrf2-independent ROS detoxification pathways by either ALA or marliolide. These newly established Nrf2-deficient HaCaT and iHFK cell lines should be useful as a highly ROS-sensitive damaged skin model for the study of age-dependent cellular changes in an in vitro setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonju Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Lee
- Department of Urology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jun Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Choongho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Fujita H, Ochi M, Ono M, Aoyama E, Ogino T, Kondo Y, Ohuchi H. Glutathione accelerates osteoclast differentiation and inflammatory bone destruction. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:226-236. [PMID: 30741054 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1563782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation associated with bone tissues often destructs bones, which is essentially performed by osteoclasts in the presence of immunoregulatory molecules. Hence, regulating osteoclastogenesis is crucial to develop therapeutics for bone-destructive inflammatory diseases. It is believed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation, and, therefore, glutathione (GSH), the most abundant endogenous antioxidant, suppresses osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption by RANKL. Interestingly, GSH also contributes to inflammatory responses, and the effects of GSH on osteoclast differentiation and bone destruction under inflammatory conditions have not yet been determined. Here, we investigated how GSH affects inflammatory cytokine-stimulated osteoclast differentiation in vitro and in a mouse model of inflammatory bone destruction. We found that GSH significantly promoted TNFα-stimulated osteoclast formation, while an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, buthionine sulfoximine, suppressed it. GSH facilitated the nuclear localisation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) protein, a master regulator of osteoclastogenesis, as well as the expression of osteoclast marker genes in a dose-dependent manner. N-acetylcysteine, a substrate of GSH synthesis, also stimulated osteoclast formation and NFATc1 nuclear localisation. GSH did not suppress cell death after osteoclast differentiation. In mouse calvaria injected with lipopolysaccharide, GSH treatment resulted in a fivefold increase in the osteolytic lesion area. These results indicate that GSH accelerates osteoclast differentiation and inflammatory bone destruction, suggesting GSH appears to be an important molecule in the mechanisms responsible for inflammatory bone destruction by osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Fujita
- a Department of Cytology and Histology , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Masahiko Ochi
- a Department of Cytology and Histology , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Ono
- b Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Eriko Aoyama
- c Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences , Okayama University Dental School , Okayama , Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ogino
- d Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science , Okayama Prefectural University , Okayama , Japan
| | - Yoichi Kondo
- e Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine , Osaka Medical College , Takatsuki , Japan
| | - Hideyo Ohuchi
- a Department of Cytology and Histology , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
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8
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Isolation of activating factors of serotonin N -acetyltransferase from rice peptides. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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9
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Shindyapina AV, Komarova TV, Sheshukova EV, Ershova NM, Tashlitsky VN, Kurkin AV, Yusupov IR, Mkrtchyan GV, Shagidulin MY, Dorokhov YL. The Antioxidant Cofactor Alpha-Lipoic Acid May Control Endogenous Formaldehyde Metabolism in Mammals. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:651. [PMID: 29249928 PMCID: PMC5717020 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The healthy human body contains small amounts of metabolic formaldehyde (FA) that mainly results from methanol oxidation by pectin methylesterase, which is active in a vegetable diet and in the gastrointestinal microbiome. With age, the ability to maintain a low level of FA decreases, which increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia. It has been shown that 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid or alpha lipoic acid (ALA), a naturally occurring dithiol and antioxidant cofactor of mitochondrial α-ketoacid dehydrogenases, increases glutathione (GSH) content and FA metabolism by mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) thus manifests a therapeutic potential beyond its antioxidant property. We suggested that ALA can contribute to a decrease in the FA content of mammals by acting on ALDH2 expression. To test this assumption, we administered ALA in mice in order to examine the effect on FA metabolism and collected blood samples for the measurement of FA. Our data revealed that ALA efficiently eliminated FA in mice. Without affecting the specific activity of FA-metabolizing enzymes (ADH1, ALDH2, and ADH5), ALA increased the GSH content in the brain and up-regulated the expression of the FA-metabolizing ALDH2 gene in the brain, particularly in the hippocampus, but did not impact its expression in the liver in vivo or in rat liver isolated from the rest of the body. After ALA administration in mice and in accordance with the increased content of brain ALDH2 mRNA, we detected increased ALDH2 activity in brain homogenates. We hypothesized that the beneficial effects of ALA on patients with Alzheimer's disease may be associated with accelerated ALDH2-mediated FA detoxification and clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V Shindyapina
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of Nucleoproteins, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Komarova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of Nucleoproteins, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Sheshukova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of Nucleoproteins, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia M Ershova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of Nucleoproteins, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Ildar R Yusupov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Garik V Mkrtchyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of Nucleoproteins, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Murat Y Shagidulin
- Academician V. I. Schumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri L Dorokhov
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of Nucleoproteins, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Zhang J, Zhou X, Wu W, Wang J, Xie H, Wu Z. Regeneration of glutathione by α-lipoic acid via Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway alleviates cadmium-induced HepG2 cell toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 51:30-37. [PMID: 28262510 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) is an important antioxidant that is capable of regenerating other antioxidants, such as glutathione (GSH). However, the underlying molecular mechanism by which α-LA regenerates GSH remains poorly understood. The current study aimed to investigate whether α-LA regenerates GSH by activation of Nrf2 to alleviate cadmium-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. In the present study, we found that cadmium induced cell death by depletion of GSH through inactivation of Nrf2. Addition of α-LA to cadmium-treated cells reactivated Nrf2 and regenerated GSH through elevating the Nrf2-downstream genes γ-glutamate-cysteine ligase (γ-GCL) and GR, both of which are key enzymes for GSH synthesis. However, blocking Nrf2 with brusatol in the cells co-treated with α-LA and cadmium reduced the mRNA and the protein levels of γ-GCL and GR, thus suppressed GSH regeneration by α-LA. Our results indicated that α-LA activated Nrf2 signaling pathway, which upregulated the transcription of the enzymes for GSH synthesis and therefore GSH contents to alleviate cadmium-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wenbo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jiachun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China.
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11
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Choi JH, Cho SO, Kim H. α-Lipoic Acid Inhibits Expression of IL-8 by Suppressing Activation of MAPK, Jak/Stat, and NF-κB in H. pylori-Infected Gastric Epithelial AGS Cells. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:260-4. [PMID: 26632410 PMCID: PMC4696963 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.1.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial cytokine response, associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS), is important in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-induced inflammation. H. pylori induces the production of ROS, which may be involved in the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (Jak/Stat), and oxidant-sensitive transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and thus, expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in gastric epithelial cells. α-lipoic acid, a naturally occurring thiol compound, is a potential antioxidant. It shows beneficial effects in treatment of oxidant-associated diseases including diabetes. The present study is purposed to investigate whether α-lipoic acid inhibits expression of inflammatory cytokine IL-8 by suppressing activation of MAPK, Jak/Stat, and NF-κB in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. Gastric epithelial AGS cells were pretreated with or without α-lipoic acid for 2 h and infected with H. pylori in a Korean isolate (HP99) at a ratio of 300:1. IL-8 mRNA expression was analyzed by RT-PCR analysis. IL-8 levels in the medium were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. NF-κB-DNA binding activity was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Phospho-specific and total forms of MAPK and Jak/Stat were assessed by Western blot analysis. ROS levels were determined using dichlorofluorescein fluorescence. As a result, H. pylori induced increases in ROS levels, mRNA, and protein levels of IL-8, as well as the activation of MAPK [extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2), p38], Jak/Stat (Jak1/2, Stat3), and NF-κB in AGS cells, which was inhibited by α-lipoic acid. In conclusion, α-lipoic acid may be beneficial for prevention and/or treatment of H. pylori infection-associated gastric inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Ok Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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12
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Tao Y, Jiang P, Wei Y, Wang P, Sun X, Wang H. α-Lipoic Acid Treatment Improves Vision-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2016; 240:209-214. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.240.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tao
- Department of Opthalmology, the Second People’s Hospital of Jinan City
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- Department of Opthalmology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital
| | - Yuhua Wei
- Department of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
| | - Xiaoling Sun
- Department of Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Opthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
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13
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Bobermin LD, Wartchow KM, Flores MP, Leite MC, Quincozes-Santos A, Gonçalves CA. Ammonia-induced oxidative damage in neurons is prevented by resveratrol and lipoic acid with participation of heme oxygenase 1. Neurotoxicology 2015; 49:28-35. [PMID: 26003724 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia is a metabolite that, at high concentrations, is implicated in neurological disorders, such as hepatic encephalopathy (HE), which is associated with acute or chronic liver failure. Astrocytes are considered the primary target of ammonia toxicity in the central nervous system (CNS) because glutamine synthetase (GS), responsible for ammonia metabolism in CNS, is an astrocytic enzyme. Thus, neuronal dysfunction has been associated as secondary to astrocytic impairment. However, we demonstrated that ammonia can induce direct effects on neuronal cells. The cell viability was decreased by ammonia in SH-SY5Y cells and cerebellar granule neurons. In addition, ammonia induced increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and decreased GSH intracellular content, the main antioxidant in CNS. As ammonia neurotoxicity is strongly associated with oxidative stress, we also investigated the potential neuroprotective roles of the antioxidants, resveratrol (RSV) and lipoic acid (LA), against ammonia toxicity in cerebellar granule neurons. RSV and LA were able to prevent the oxidative damage induced by ammonia, maintaining the levels of ROS production and GSH close to basal values. Both antioxidants also decreased ROS production and increased GSH content under basal conditions (in the absence of ammonia). Moreover, we showed that heme oxygenase 1 (HO1), a protein associated with protection against stress conditions, is involved in the beneficial effects of RSV and LA in cerebellar granule neurons. Thus, this study reinforces the neuroprotective effects of RSV and LA. Although more studies in vivo are required, RSV and LA could represent interesting therapeutic strategies for the management of HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Daniele Bobermin
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Krista Minéia Wartchow
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marianne Pires Flores
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marina Concli Leite
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Kamarudin MNA, Mohd Raflee NA, Syed Hussein SS, Lo JY, Supriady H, Abdul Kadir H. (R)-(+)-α-lipoic acid protected NG108-15 cells against H₂O₂-induced cell death through PI3K-Akt/GSK-3β pathway and suppression of NF-κβ-cytokines. Drug Des Devel Ther 2014; 8:1765-80. [PMID: 25336920 PMCID: PMC4199983 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s67980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-lipoic acid, a potent antioxidant with multifarious pharmacological benefits has been reported to be neuroprotective in several neuronal models and used to treat neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Nonetheless, conclusive mechanisms of alpha-lipoic acid for its protective effects particularly in NG108-15 cells have never been investigated. In this study, the intricate neuroprotective molecular mechanisms by (R)-(+)-alpha-lipoic acid (R-LA) against H2O2-induced cell death in an in vitro model of neurodegeneration were elucidated. Pretreatment with R-LA (2 hours) significantly increased NG108-15 cell viability as compared to H2O2-treated cells and mitigated the induction of apoptosis as evidenced by Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide staining. R-LA (12.5-50 μM) aggrandized the reduced glutathione over glutathione disulfide ratio followed by a reduction in the intracellular reactive oxygen species level and an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential following H2O2 exposure. Moreover, pretreatment with R-LA stimulated the activation of PI3K-Akt through mTORC1 and mTORC2 components (mTOR, rictor and raptor) and production of antiinflammatory cytokine, IL-10 which led to the inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and reduction of both Bax/Bcl2 and Bax/Bcl-xL ratios, accompanied by inhibition of the cleaved caspase-3. Additionally, this observation was preceded by the suppression of NF-κβ p65 translocation and production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α). The current findings accentuate new mechanistic insight of R-LA against apoptogenic and brain inflammatory factors in a neuronal model. These results further advocate the therapeutic potential of R-LA for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nur Afiqah Mohd Raflee
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Jia Ye Lo
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hadi Supriady
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Habsah Abdul Kadir
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Tsou YH, Shih CT, Ching CH, Huang JY, Jen CJ, Yu L, Kuo YM, Wu FS, Chuang JI. Treadmill exercise activates Nrf2 antioxidant system to protect the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons from MPP+ toxicity. Exp Neurol 2014; 263:50-62. [PMID: 25286336 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Exercise induces oxidative stress, which may activate adaptive antioxidant responses. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an important role in the defense of oxidative stress by regulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes, gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (γGCL) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). We investigated whether treadmill exercise protects dopaminergic neurons by regulating the Nrf2 antioxidant system in a 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP(+))-induced parkinsonian rat model. We found that MPP(+) induced early decreases in total glutathione level and Nrf2/γGCLC (catalytic subunit of γGCL) expression, but late upregulation of HO-1 expression in association with loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons and downregulation of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter expression in the striatum. Treadmill exercise for 4weeks induced upregulation of Nrf2 and γGCLC expression, and also prevented the MPP(+)-induced downregulation of Nrf2/γGCLC/glutathione, HO-1 upregulation, and nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Moreover, the protective effect of exercise was blocked by the knockdown of Nrf2 using a lentivirus-carried shNrf2 delivery system. These results demonstrate an essential role of Nrf2 in the exercise-mediated protective effect that exercise enhances the nigrostriatal Nrf2 antioxidant defense capacity to protect dopaminergic neurons against the MPP(+)-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsien Tsou
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Ting Shih
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Hsin Ching
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jui-Yen Huang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chauying J Jen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lung Yu
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fong-Sen Wu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jih-Ing Chuang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
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16
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Jiang S, Zhu W, Wu J, Li C, Zhang X, Li Y, Cao K, Liu L. α-Lipoic acid protected cardiomyoblasts from the injury induced by sodium nitroprusside through ROS-mediated Akt/Gsk-3β activation. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:1461-73. [PMID: 25193743 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
It has been long noted that cardiac cell apoptosis provoked by excessive production of nitric oxide (NO) plays important roles in the pathogenesis of variant cardiac diseases. Attenuation of NO-induced injury would be an alternative therapeutic approach for the development of cardiac disorders. This study investigated the effects of α-lipoic acid (LA) on the injury induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a widely used NO donor, in rat cardiomyoblast H9c2 cells. SNP challenge significantly decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis, as evidenced by morphological abnormalities, nuclear condensation and decline of mitochondrial potential (ΔΨm). These changes induced by SNP were significantly attenuated by LA pretreatment. Furthermore, LA pretreatment prevented the SNP-triggered suppression of Akt and Gsk-3β activation. Blockade of Akt activation with triciribin (API) completely abolished the cytoprotection of LA against SNP challenge. In addition, LA moderately increased intracellular ROS production. Interestingly, inhibition of ROS with N-acetylcysteine abrogated Akt/Gsk-3β activation and the LA-induced cytoprotection following SNP stimulation. Taken together, the results indicate that LA protected the SNP-induced injury in cardiac H9c2 cells through, at least in part, the activation of Akt/Gsk-3β signaling in a ROS-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surong Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Weina Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chuanfu Li
- Department of Surgery, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuehua Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Kejiang Cao
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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17
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Shukla A, Mohapatra TM, Parmar D, Seth K. Neuroprotective potentials of neurotrophin rich olfactory ensheathing cell's conditioned media against 6OHDA-induced oxidative damage. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:560-71. [PMID: 24528157 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.894636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of recent reports, we propose that impaired neurotrophin signaling (PI3k/Akt), low antioxidant levels, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) conjointly participate in the progressive events responsible for the dopaminergic cell loss in Parkinson's disease (PD). In the present study we tried to target these deficits collectively through multiple neurotrophic factors (NTFs) support in the form of Olfactory Ensheathing Cell's Conditioned Media (OEC CM) using human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line exposed to 6 hydroxydopamine (6OHDA). 6OHDA exposure induced, oxidative stress-mediated apoptotic cell death viz. enhanced ROS generation, diffused cytosolic cytochrome c (cyt c), impaired Bcl-2: Bax levels along with decrease in GSH content. These changes were accompanied by loss in Akt phosphorylation and TH levels in SH-SY5Y cells. OEC CM significantly checked apoptotic cell death by preserving pAkt levels which coincided with enhanced GSH and suppressed oxidative injury. Functional integrity of OEC CM supported cells was evident by maintained tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression. Intercepting Akt signaling by specific inhibitor LY294002 blocked the protective effect. Taken together our findings provide important evidence that the key to protective effect of multiple NTF support via OEC CM is enhanced Akt survival signaling which promotes antioxidant defense leading to suppression of oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shukla
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR), Developmental Toxicology Division , Lucknow , India
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18
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de Araújo DP, De Sousa CNS, Araújo PVP, Menezes CEDS, Sousa Rodrigues FT, Escudeiro SS, Lima NBC, Patrocínio MCA, Aguiar LMV, Viana GSDB, Vasconcelos SMM. Behavioral and neurochemical effects of alpha-lipoic Acid in the model of Parkinson's disease induced by unilateral stereotaxic injection of 6-ohda in rat. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:571378. [PMID: 24023579 PMCID: PMC3760123 DOI: 10.1155/2013/571378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate behavioral and neurochemical effects of α -lipoic acid (100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg) alone or associated with L-DOPA using an animal model of Parkinson's disease induced by stereotaxic injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in rat striatum. Motor behavior was assessed by monitoring body rotations induced by apomorphine, open field test and cylinder test. Oxidative stress was accessed by determination of lipid peroxidation using the TBARS method, concentration of nitrite and evaluation of catalase activity. α -Lipoic acid decreased body rotations induced by apomorphine, as well as caused an improvement in motor performance by increasing locomotor activity in the open field test and use of contralateral paw (in the opposite side of the lesion produced by 6-OHDA) at cylinder test. α -lipoic acid showed antioxidant effects, decreasing lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels and interacting with antioxidant system by decreasing of endogenous catalase activity. Therefore, α -lipoic acid prevented the damage induced by 6-OHDA or by chronic use of L-DOPA in dopaminergic neurons, suggesting that α -lipoic could be a new therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayane Pessoa de Araújo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Caren Nádia Soares De Sousa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Paulo Victor Pontes Araújo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo de Souza Menezes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisca Taciana Sousa Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Sarah Souza Escudeiro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lissiana Magna Vasconcelos Aguiar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Glauce Socorro de Barros Viana
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Silvânia Maria Mendes Vasconcelos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Fujita H, Yamamoto M, Ogino T, Kobuchi H, Ohmoto N, Aoyama E, Oka T, Nakanishi T, Inoue K, Sasaki J. Necrotic and apoptotic cells serve as nuclei for calcification on osteoblastic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Cell Biochem Funct 2013; 32:77-86. [PMID: 23657822 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A close relationship between cell death and pathological calcification has recently been reported, such as vascular calcification in atherosclerosis. However, the roles of cell death in calcification by osteoblast lineage have not been elucidated in detail. In this study, we investigated whether cell death is involved in the calcification on osteoblastic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) under osteogenic culture in vitro. Apoptosis and necrosis occurred in an osteogenic culture of hMSC, and cell death preceded calcification. The generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, chromatin condensation and fragmentation, and caspase-3 activation increased in this culture. A pan-caspase inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK) and anti-oxidants (Tiron and n-acetylcysteine) inhibited osteogenic culture-induced cell death and calcification. Furthermore, calcification was significantly promoted by the addition of necrotic dead cells or its membrane fraction. Spontaneously dead cells by osteogenic culture and exogenously added necrotic cells were surrounded by calcium deposits. Induction of localized cell death by photodynamic treatment in the osteogenic culture resulted in co-localized calcification. These findings show that necrotic and apoptotic cell deaths were induced in an osteogenic culture of hMSC and indicated that both necrotic and apoptotic cells of osteoblast lineage served as nuclei for calcification on osteoblastic differentiation of hMSC in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Fujita
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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20
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Jalali-Nadoushan M, Roghani M. Alpha-lipoic acid protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in a rat model of hemi-parkinsonism. Brain Res 2013; 1505:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Koriyama Y, Nakayama Y, Matsugo S, Kato S. Protective effect of lipoic acid against oxidative stress is mediated by Keap1/Nrf2-dependent heme oxygenase-1 induction in the RGC-5 cellline. Brain Res 2013; 1499:145-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Tobón-Velasco JC, Vázquez-Victorio G, Macías-Silva M, Cuevas E, Ali SF, Maldonado PD, González-Trujano ME, Cuadrado A, Pedraza-Chaverrí J, Santamaría A. RETRACTED: S-allyl cysteine protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in the rat striatum: involvement of Nrf2 transcription factor activation and modulation of signaling kinase cascades. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:1024-40. [PMID: 22781654 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological activation at the basal ganglia of the transcription factor Nrf2, guardian of redox homeostasis, holds a strong promise for the slow progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, a potent Nrf2 activator in the brain still must be found. In this study, we have investigated the potential use of the antioxidant compound S-allyl cysteine (SAC) in the activation of Nrf2 in 6-hydoxydopamine (6-OHDA)-intoxicated rats. In the rat striatum, SAC by itself promoted the Nrf2 dissociation of Keap-1, its nuclear translocation, the subsequent association with small MafK protein, and further binding of the Nrf2/MafK complex to ARE sequence, as well as the up-regulation of Nrf2-dependent genes encoding the antioxidant enzymes HO-1, NQO-1, GR, and SOD-1. In vivo and in vitro experiments to identify signaling pathways activated by SAC pointed to Akt as the most likely kinase participating in Nrf2 activation by SAC. In PC12 cells, SAC stimulated the activation of Akt and ERK1/2 and inhibited JNK1/2/3 activation. In the rat striatum, the SAC-induced activation of Nrf2 is likely to contribute to inhibit the toxic effects of 6-OHDA evidenced by phase 2 antioxidant enzymes up-regulation, glutathione recovery, and attenuation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and lipid peroxides formation. These early protective effects correlated with the long-term preservation of the cellular redox status, the striatal dopamine (DA) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels, and the improvement of motor skills. Therefore, this study indicates that, in addition to direct scavenging actions, the activation of Nrf2 by SAC might confer neuroprotective responses through the modulation of kinase signaling pathways in rodent models of PD, and suggests that this antioxidant molecule may have a therapeutic value in this human pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio César Tobón-Velasco
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía - S.S.A., México City, Mexico
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23
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Murakami A, Ohnishi K. Target molecules of food phytochemicals: food science bound for the next dimension. Food Funct 2012; 3:462-76. [PMID: 22377900 DOI: 10.1039/c2fo10274a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemicals are generally defined as secondary metabolites in plants that play crucial roles in their adaptation to a variety of environmental stressors. There is a great body of compelling evidence showing that these metabolites have pronounced potentials for regulating and modulating human health and disease onset, as shown by both experimental and epidemiological approaches. Concurrently, enormous efforts have been made to elucidate the mechanism of actions underlying their biological and physiological functions. For example, the pioneering work of Tachibana et al. uncovered the receptor for (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCg) as the 67 kDa laminin receptor, which was shown to partially mediate the functions of EGCg, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-proliferative activities. Thereafter, several protein kinases were identified as binding proteins of flavonoids, including myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol. Isothiocyanates, sulfur-containing phytochemicals present in cruciferous plants, are well known to target Keap1 for activating the transcription factor Nrf2 for inducing self-defensive and anti-oxidative gene expression. In addition, we recently identified CD36 as a cell surface receptor for ursolic acid, a triterpenoid ubiquitously occurring in plants. Importantly, the above mentioned target proteins are indispensable for phytochemicals to exhibit, at least in part, their bioactivities. Nevertheless, it is reasonable to assume that some of the activities and potential toxicities of metabolites are exerted via their interactions with unidentified, off-target proteins. This notion may be supported by the fact that even rationally designed drugs occasionally display off-target effects and induce unexpected outcomes, including toxicity. Here we update the current status and future directions of research related to target molecules of food phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Murakami
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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Talebi A, Zavareh S, Kashani MH, Lashgarbluki T, Karimi I. The effect of alpha lipoic acid on the developmental competence of mouse isolated preantral follicles. J Assist Reprod Genet 2012; 29:175-83. [PMID: 22231012 PMCID: PMC3270132 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-011-9706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to investigate the effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and developmental competence of cultured pre-antral follicles derived from mouse ovarian tissue. METHODS Pre-antral follicles were isolated from immature mouse ovaries and were cultured in α- minimal essential medium supplemented with different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 uM) of ALA. Follicular growth, oocyte maturation and embryo development were evaluated. Separately, ROS and TAC were measured after 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of culture with spectrofluorometery and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, respectively. RESULTS In the presence of 100 uM ALA, developmental rates of follicles, oocytes and embryos were significantly higher than other groups (p < 0.05). At 96 h after culture, a decrease in ROS and an increase in TAC were observed in ALA group compared to control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION ALA (100 uM) improves the in vitro development of follicles. This effect may be mediated by decreasing ROS concentration and increasing follicular TAC level during the culture period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Talebi
- School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Saeed Zavareh
- School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
| | | | | | - Isaac Karimi
- School of Veterinary medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Acetyl-L-carnitine and α-lipoic acid affect rotenone-induced damage in nigral dopaminergic neurons of rat brain, implication for Parkinson's disease therapy. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011; 100:347-60. [PMID: 21958946 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease are not fully understood, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and environmental toxins may be involved. The current research was directed to investigate the protective role of two bioenergetic antioxidants, acetyl-L-carnitine and α-lipoic acid, in rotenone-parkinsonian rats. Ninety six male rats were divided into five groups. Group I is the vehicle-injected group, group II is the disease control group and was injected with six doses of rotenone (1.5 mg/kg/48 h, s.c.). Groups III, IV and V received rotenone in addition to acetyl-L-carnitine (100 mg/kg/day, p.o.), α-lipoic acid (50 mg/kg/day, p.o.) or their combination, respectively. Results showed that rotenone-treated rats exhibited bradykinesia and motor impairment in the open-field and square bridge tests. In addition, ATP level was decreased whereas lipid peroxides and protein carbonyls increased in the striata of rotenone-treated rats as compared to vehicle-treated rats. Treatment with acetyl-L-carnitine or α-lipoic acid improved the motor performance and reduced the level of lipid peroxides in rat brains as compared to rotenone group. Further, ATP production was enhanced along with acetyl-L-carnitine treatments (p≤0.05). Taken together, our study reinforces the view that acetyl-L-carnitine and α-lipoic acid are promising candidates for neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease.
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Abdin AA, Sarhan NI. Intervention of mitochondrial dysfunction-oxidative stress-dependent apoptosis as a possible neuroprotective mechanism of α-lipoic acid against rotenone-induced parkinsonism and L-dopa toxicity. Neurosci Res 2011; 71:387-95. [PMID: 21889550 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The current study evidenced hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction-oxidative stress-dependent apoptotic pathways play a critical role in degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. Model of rotenone-induced parkinsonism in rats produced decrease in striatal complex I activity and reduced glutathione with increase in nitrites concentration and caspase-3 activity. This was confirmed by significant correlation of catalepsy score with neurochemical parameters. Moreover, electron microscopic examination of striatal neurons displayed ultrastructure affection as hyperchromatic nuclei and disrupted mitochondria that are typical features of undergoing apoptosis. Administration of L-dopa as replacement therapy, although caused symptomatic improvement in catalepsy score, but further worsening in neurochemical parameters. Therefore, efforts are not only to improve effect of L-dopa, but also to introduce drugs provide antiparkinsonian and neuroprotective effects. In this study, α-lipoic acid exhibited noticeable neuroprotective effects by a mechanism via intervention of mitochondrial dysfunction-oxidative stress-dependent apoptotic pathways. Combination of α-lipoic acid efficiently halting deleterious toxic effects of L-dopa, revealed normalization of catalepsy score in addition to amelioration of neurochemical parameters and apparent preservation of striatal ultrastructure integrity, indicating benefit of both symptomatic and neuroprotective therapy. In conclusion, α-lipoic acid could be recommended as a disease-modifying therapy when given with L-dopa early in course of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany A Abdin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.
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Wang X, Wang Z, Yao Y, Li J, Zhang X, Li C, Cheng Y, Ding G, Liu L, Ding Z. Essential role of ERK activation in neurite outgrowth induced by α-lipoic acid. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2011; 1813:827-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Fujita H, Kurokawa K, Ogino T, Ono M, Yamamoto M, Oka T, Nakanishi T, Kobayashi N, Tanaka N, Ogawa T, Suzaki E, Utsumi K, Sasaki J. Effect of Risedronate on Osteoblast Differentiation, Expression of Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand and Apoptosis in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 109:78-84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00685.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mammalian Ste20-like protein kinase 3 plays a role in hypoxia-induced apoptosis of trophoblast cell line 3A-sub-E. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 43:742-50. [PMID: 21277991 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2011.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian Ste20-like protein kinase 3 (Mst3) is a key player in inducing apoptosis in a variety of cell types and has recently been shown to participate in the signaling pathway of hypoxia-induced apoptosis of human trophoblast cell line 3A-sub-E (3A). It is believed that oxidative stress may occur during hypoxia and induce the expression of Mst3 in 3A cells via the activation of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase 1 (JNK1). This hypothesis was demonstrated by the suppressive effect of dl-α-lipoic acid, a reactive oxygen species scavenger, in hypoxia-induced responses of 3A cells such as Mst3 expression, nitrotyrosine formation, JNK1 activation and apoptosis. Similar results were also observed in trophoblasts of human placental explants in both immunohistochemical studies and immunoblot analyses. These suggested that the activation of Mst3 might trigger the apoptotic process in trophoblasts by activating caspase 3 and possibly other apoptotic pathways. The role of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and NADPH oxidase (NOX) in hypoxia-induced Mst3 up-regulation was also demonstrated by the inhibitory effect of N(G)-nitro-l-arginine and apocynin, which inhibits NOS and NOX, respectively. Oxidative stress was postulated to be induced by NOS and NOX in 3A cells during hypoxia. In conclusion, hypoxia induces oxidative stress in human trophoblasts by activating NOS and NOX. Subsequently, Mst3 is up-regulated and plays an important role in hypoxia-induced apoptosis of human trophoblasts.
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Lin CM, Lin RD, Chen ST, Lin YP, Chiu WT, Lin JW, Hsu FL, Lee MH. Neurocytoprotective effects of the bioactive constituents of Pueraria thomsonii in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-treated nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated PC12 cells. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2010; 71:2147-2156. [PMID: 20832831 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 06/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic neurodegenerative disorders are having an increasing impact on public health as human longevity increases. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system and is characterized by motor system disorders resulting in loss of dopamine-producing brain cells. Pueraria thomsonii Benth. (Fabaceae) is an herbal medicine that has traditionally been used as an antipyretic agent. In the present study, the active constituents, daidzein and genistein, were isolated from P. thomsonii. Both compounds exhibited neurocytoprotective effects against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced cytotoxicity in nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated PC12 cells. Neither daidzein nor genistein affected 6-OHDA-induced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation according to flow cytometric analysis. Rather, they inhibited caspase-8 and partially inhibited caspase-3 activation, providing a protective mechanism against 6-OHDA-induced cytotoxicity in NGF-differentiated PC12 cells. The present results imply that daidzein and genistein may be useful in the development of future strategies for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Min Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Lappalainen J, Lappalainen Z, Oksala NKJ, Laaksonen DE, Khanna S, Sen CK, Atalay M. Alpha-lipoic acid does not alter stress protein response to acute exercise in diabetic brain. Cell Biochem Funct 2010; 28:644-50. [PMID: 21104931 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones which may act protective in cerebrovascular insults and peripheral diabetic neuropathy. We hypothesized that alpha-lipoic acid (LA), a natural thiol antioxidant, may enhance brain HSP response in diabetes. Rats with or without streptozotocin-induced diabetes were treated with LA or saline for 8 weeks. Half of the rats were subjected to exhaustive exercise to investigate HSP induction, and the brain tissue was analyzed. Diabetes increased constitutive HSC70 mRNA, and decreased HSP90 and glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75) mRNA without affecting protein levels. Exercise increased HSP90 protein and mRNA, and also GRP75 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA only in non-diabetic animals. LA had no significant effect on brain HSPs, although LA increased HSC70 and HO-1 mRNA in diabetic animals and decreased HSC70 mRNA in non-diabetic animals. Eukaryotic translation elongation factor-2, essential for protein synthesis, was decreased by diabetes and suggesting a mechanism for the impaired HSP response related to translocation of the nascent chain during protein synthesis. LA supplementation does not offset the adverse effects of diabetes on brain HSP mRNA expression. Diabetes may impair HSP translation through elongation factors related to nascent chain translocation and subsequent responses to acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani Lappalainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Puerta E, Hervias I, Goñi-Allo B, Zhang SF, Jordán J, Starkov AA, Aguirre N. Methylenedioxymethamphetamine inhibits mitochondrial complex I activity in mice: a possible mechanism underlying neurotoxicity. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 160:233-45. [PMID: 20423338 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00663.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) causes a persistent loss of dopaminergic cell bodies in the substantia nigra of mice. Current evidence indicates that such neurotoxicity is due to oxidative stress but the source of free radicals remains unknown. Inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes by MDMA was assessed as a possible source. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Activities of mitochondrial complexes after MDMA were evaluated spectrophotometrically. In situ visualization of superoxide production in the striatum was assessed by ethidium fluorescence and striatal dopamine levels were determined by HPLC as an index of dopaminergic toxicity. KEY RESULTS 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine decreased mitochondrial complex I activity in the striatum of mice, an effect accompanied by an increased production of superoxide radicals and the inhibition of endogenous aconitase. alpha-Lipoic acid prevented superoxide generation and long-term toxicity independent of any effect on complex I inhibition. These effects of alpha-lipoic acid were also associated with a significant increase of striatal glutathione levels. The relevance of glutathione was supported by reducing striatal glutathione content with L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine, which exacerbated MDMA-induced dopamine deficits, effects suppressed by alpha-lipoic acid. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine, partially prevented MDMA-induced dopamine depletions, an effect reversed by L-arginine but not D-arginine. Finally, a direct relationship between mitochondrial complex I inhibition and long-term dopamine depletions was found in animals treated with MDMA in combination with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Inhibition of mitochondrial complex I following MDMA could be the source of free radicals responsible for oxidative stress and the consequent neurotoxicity of this drug in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Puerta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Navarra, Spain
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Huerta-Olvera SG, Macías-Barragán J, Ramos-Márquez ME, Armendáriz-Borunda J, Díaz-Barriga F, Siller-López F. Alpha-lipoic acid regulates heme oxygenase gene expression and nuclear Nrf2 activation as a mechanism of protection against arsenic exposure in HepG2 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2010; 29:144-149. [PMID: 21787596 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2009] [Revised: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a known mechanism induced, among other things, by arsenic toxicity. As a response, the cell triggers the synthesis of antioxidant and stress response elements like glutathione and heme oxygenase. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a well-known antioxidant that confers protection to oxidative stress conditions. We analyzed the effect of ALA pretreatment on Nrf2-responsive gene expression of HepG2 cells exposed to As(3+). Cells were treated with 5mM ALA and 8h later exposed to 50μM As(3+) for 24h, analyzing MTT-activity, glutathione content, Nrf2 induction and antioxidant gene expression. As(3+) increased glutathione (154%), heme oxygenase, glutamate cystein ligase, modifier subunit and metallothionein (35-fold, 10-fold and 9-fold, respectively). ALA prevented the strong expression of heme oxygenase by As(3+) exposure (from 35- to 5-times of control cells), which correlated with the reduction of Nrf2 observed in As(3+) group. ALA pretreatment can down-modulate the response mediated by Nrf2 and provide protection to As(3+) exposed HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene G Huerta-Olvera
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico; OPD Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Mexico
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Alpha-tocopheryl succinate induces rapid and reversible phosphatidylserine externalization in histiocytic lymphoma through the caspase-independent pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 333:137-49. [PMID: 19633976 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0214-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization is a key feature of apoptotic cell death and plays an important role in clearance of apoptotic cells by phagocytes. PS externalization during apoptosis is generally an irreversible event mediated by caspase activation and is accompanied by other apoptotic events. We report here that an apoptosis inducer alpha-tocopheryl succinate (TOS) can induce PS externalization that is independent of apoptosis and reversible in the absence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) in histiocytic lymphoma U937 cells. In the presence of FBS, TOS induced PS externalization via a caspase-dependent mechanism accompanied by mitochondrial depolarization, cell shrinkage, increase of caspase-3 activity, and chromatin condensation. In contrast, in the absence of FBS, TOS induced the rapid PS externalization which was not accompanied by other apoptotic events. The PS externalization was reversible by removing TOS and was not involved in Ca(2+)-dependent scramblase activation and thiol oxidation of aminophospholipid translocase. A similar PS externalization was also induced by cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CS), the other succinate ester. These results suggested that the mechanism of TOS- and CS-induced PS externalization in the absence of FBS was different from it occurring during typical apoptosis.
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Morales AA, Gutman D, Cejas PJ, Lee KP, Boise LH. Reactive oxygen species are not required for an arsenic trioxide-induced antioxidant response or apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:12886-95. [PMID: 19279006 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m806546200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenicals are both environmental carcinogens as well as therapeutic agents for the treatment of trypanosomiasis and more recently cancer. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been successfully used for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and has activity in multiple myeloma (MM). While signaling events associated with carcinogenesis have been well studied, it still remains to be determined which of these events are involved in anti-cancer signaling. To better define this response, gene expression profiling following ATO treatment of four MM cell lines was performed. The pattern was consistent with a strong antioxidative response, particularly of genes activated by Nrf2. While Nrf2 is expressed constitutively at the mRNA level, the protein is not detected in untreated cells. Consistent with inactivation of Keap1, Nrf2 protein is stabilized and present in the nucleus within 6 h of ATO treatment. Despite the activation of this antioxidative response, ROS may not be important in ATO-induced death. Inhibition of ATO-induced ROS with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) does not affect Nrf2 activation or cell death. Moreover, silencing Nrf2 had no effect on ATO-induced apoptosis. Together these data suggest that ROS is not important in the induction of the antioxidative response or cellular death by ATO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejo A Morales
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and The Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Lee HZ, Liu WZ, Hsieh WT, Tang FY, Chung JG, Leung HWC. Oxidative stress involvement in Physalis angulata-induced apoptosis in human oral cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:561-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Revised: 11/15/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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