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Aliperti V, Skonieczna J, Cerase A. Long Non-Coding RNA (lncRNA) Roles in Cell Biology, Neurodevelopment and Neurological Disorders. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:36. [PMID: 34204536 PMCID: PMC8293397 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Development is a complex process regulated both by genetic and epigenetic and environmental clues. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of gene expression in several tissues including the brain. Altered expression of lncRNAs has been linked to several neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental and mental disorders. The identification and characterization of lncRNAs that are deregulated or mutated in neurodevelopmental and mental health diseases are fundamental to understanding the complex transcriptional processes in brain function. Crucially, lncRNAs can be exploited as a novel target for treating neurological disorders. In our review, we first summarize the recent advances in our understanding of lncRNA functions in the context of cell biology and then discussing their association with selected neuronal development and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Aliperti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Justyna Skonieczna
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK;
| | - Andrea Cerase
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK;
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Yan T, Ding F, Zhao Y. Integrated identification of key genes and pathways in Alzheimer's disease via comprehensive bioinformatical analyses. Hereditas 2019; 156:25. [PMID: 31346329 PMCID: PMC6636172 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-019-0101-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is known to be caused by multiple factors, meanwhile the pathogenic mechanism and development of AD associate closely with genetic factors. Existing understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying AD remains incomplete. Methods Gene expression data (GSE48350) derived from post-modern brain was extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were derived from hippocampus and entorhinal cortex regions between AD patients and healthy controls and detected via Morpheus. Functional enrichment analyses, including Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway analyses of DEGs, were performed via Cytoscape and followed by the construction of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Hub proteins were screened using the criteria: nodes degree≥10 (for hippocampus tissues) and ≥ 8 (for entorhinal cortex tissues). Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) was used to filtrate the important clusters. University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) and the database of RNA-binding protein specificities (RBPDB) were employed to identify the RNA-binding proteins of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). Results 251 & 74 genes were identified as DEGs, which consisted of 56 & 16 up-regulated genes and 195 & 58 down-regulated genes in hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, respectively. Biological analyses demonstrated that the biological processes and pathways related to memory, transmembrane transport, synaptic transmission, neuron survival, drug metabolism, ion homeostasis and signal transduction were enriched in these genes. 11 genes were identified as hub genes in hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, and 3 hub genes were identified as the novel candidates involved in the pathology of AD. Furthermore, 3 lncRNAs were filtrated, whose binding proteins were closely associated with AD. Conclusions Through GO enrichment analyses, pathway analyses and PPI analyses, we showed a comprehensive interpretation of the pathogenesis of AD at a systematic biology level, and 3 novel candidate genes and 3 lncRNAs were identified as novel and potential candidates participating in the pathology of AD. The results of this study could supply integrated insights for understanding the pathogenic mechanism underlying AD and potential novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yan
- Department of Bioengineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, 264209 Shandong China
| | - Feng Ding
- Department of Bioengineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, 264209 Shandong China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, 264209 Shandong China
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Hu G, Niu F, Humburg BA, Liao K, Bendi S, Callen S, Fox HS, Buch S. Molecular mechanisms of long noncoding RNAs and their role in disease pathogenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18648-18663. [PMID: 29719633 PMCID: PMC5915100 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
LncRNAs are long non-coding regulatory RNAs that are longer than 200 nucleotides. One of the major functions of lncRNAs is the regulation of specific gene expression at multiple steps including, recruitment and expression of basal transcription machinery, post-transcriptional modifications and epigenetics [1]. Emerging evidence suggests that lncRNAs also play a critical role in maintaining tissue homeostasis during physiological and pathological conditions, lipid homeostasis, as well as epithelial and smooth muscle cell homeostasis, a topic that has been elegantly reviewed [2-5]. While aberrant expression of lncRNAs has been implicated in several disease conditions, there is paucity of information about their contribution to the etiology of diseases [6]. Several studies have compared the expression of lncRNAs under normal and cancerous conditions and found differential expression of several lncRNAs, suggesting thereby an involvement of lncRNAs in disease processes [7, 8]. Furthermore, the ability of lncRNAs to influence epigenetic changes also underlies their role in disease pathogenesis since epigenetic regulation is known to play a critical role in many human diseases [1]. LncRNAs thus are not only involved in homeostatic functioning but also play a vital role in the progression of many diseases, thereby underscoring their potential as novel therapeutic targets for the alleviation of a variety of human disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoku Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Fang Niu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bree A. Humburg
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ke Liao
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sunil Bendi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shannon Callen
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Howard S. Fox
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shilpa Buch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Fan C, Zhu X, Song Q, Wang P, Liu Z, Yu SY. MiR-134 modulates chronic stress-induced structural plasticity and depression-like behaviors via downregulation of Limk1/cofilin signaling in rats. Neuropharmacology 2018; 131:364-376. [PMID: 29329879 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has suggested that depression is a neuropsychiatric condition associated with neuroplasticity within specific brain regions. However, the mechanisms by which neuroplasticity exerts its effects in depression remain largely uncharacterized. In the present study we show that chronic stress effectively induces depression-like behaviors in rats, an effect which was associated with structural changes in dendritic spines and synapse abnormalities within neurons of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Moreover, unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) exposure significantly increased the expression of miR-134 within the vmPFC, an effect which was paralleled with a decrease in the levels of expression and phosphorylation of the synapse-associated proteins, LIM-domain kinase 1 (Limk1) and cofilin. An intracerebral infusion of the adenovirus associated virus (AAV)-miR-134-sponge into the vmPFC of stressed rats, which blocks mir-134 function, significantly ameliorated neuronal structural abnormalities, biochemical changes and depression-like behaviors. Chronic administration of ginsenoside Rg1 (40 mg/kg, 5 weeks), a potential neuroprotective agent extracted from ginseng, significantly ameliorated the behavioral and biochemical changes induced by UCMS exposure. These results suggest that miR-134-mediated dysregulation of structural plasticity may be related to the display of depression-like behaviors in stressed rats. The neuroprotective effects of ginsenoside Rg1, which produces an antidepressant like effect in this model of depression, appears to result from modulation of the miR-134 signaling pathway within the vmPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiqin Fan
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, PR China
| | - Xiuzhi Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, PR China
| | - Qiqi Song
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, PR China
| | - Zhuxi Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, PR China
| | - Shu Yan Yu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Medicine, Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, PR China.
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Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are typically defined as transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides. lncRNAs can regulate gene expression at epigenetic, transcriptional, and posttranscriptional levels. Recent studies have shown that lncRNAs are involved in many neurological diseases such as epilepsy, neurodegenerative conditions, and genetic disorders. Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease, which accounts for >80% of dementia in elderly subjects. In this review, we will highlight recent studies investigating the role of lncRNAs in Alzheimer's disease and focus on some specific lncRNAs that may underlie Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology and therefore could be potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Luo
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinghui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Rizos E, Siafakas N, Katsantoni E, Skourti E, Salpeas V, Rizos I, Tsoporis JN, Kastania A, Filippopoulou A, Xiros N, Margaritis D, Parker TG, Papageorgiou C, Zoumpourlis V. Let-7, mir-98 and mir-183 as biomarkers for cancer and schizophrenia [corrected]. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123522. [PMID: 25856466 PMCID: PMC4391828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence supports a role of microRNAs in cancer and psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, through their regulatory role on the expression of multiple genes. The rather rare co-morbidity of cancer and schizophrenia is an old hypothesis which needs further research on microRNAs as molecules that might exert their oncosuppressive or oncogenic activity in the context of their role in psychiatric disorders. The expression pattern of a variety of different microRNAs was investigated in patients (N = 6) suffering from schizophrenia termed control, patients with a solid tumor (N = 10) and patients with both schizophrenia and tumor (N = 8). miRNA profiling was performed on whole blood samples using the miRCURY LNA microRNA Array technology (6th & 7th generation). A subset of 3 microRNAs showed a statistically significant differential expression between the control and the study groups. Specifically, significant down-regulation of the let-7p-5p, miR-98-5p and of miR-183-5p in the study groups (tumor alone and tumorand schizophrenia) was observed (p<0.05). The results of the present study showed that let-7, miR-98 and miR-183 may play an important oncosuppressive role through their regulatory impact in gene expression irrespective of the presence of schizophrenia, although a larger sample size is required to validate these results. Nevertheless, further studies are warranted in order to highlight a possible role of these and other micro-RNAs in the molecular pathways of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Rizos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, University “ATTIKON” General Hospital, Athens, Greece
- * E-mail:
| | - Nikolaos Siafakas
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Microbiology Laboratory, University “ATTIKON” General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Katsantoni
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Hematology-Oncology Division, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Skourti
- Unit of Biomedical Applications, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilios Salpeas
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2nd Cardiology Department, University General Hospital “ATTIKON”, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Rizos
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2nd Cardiology Department, University General Hospital “ATTIKON”, Athens, Greece
| | - James N. Tsoporis
- Keenan Research Centre. Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anastasia Kastania
- Department of Informatics, Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Filippopoulou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, University “ATTIKON” General Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Department of Psychiatry, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Xiros
- Second Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Oncology Unit, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios Margaritis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, University “ATTIKON” General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas G. Parker
- Keenan Research Centre. Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Charalabos Papageorgiou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, University “ATTIKON” General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilios Zoumpourlis
- Unit of Biomedical Applications, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
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Vu PY, Toutain J, Cappellen D, Delrue MA, Daoud H, El Moneim AA, Barat P, Montaubin O, Bonnet F, Dai ZQ, Philippe C, Tran CT, Rooryck C, Arveiler B, Saura R, Briault S, Lacombe D, Taine L. A homozygous balanced reciprocal translocation suggests LINC00237 as a candidate gene for MOMO (macrosomia, obesity, macrocephaly, and ocular abnormalities) syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:2849-56. [PMID: 23034868 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Macrosomia, obesity, macrocephaly, and ocular abnormalities syndrome (MOMO syndrome) has been reported in only four patients to date. In these sporadic cases, no chromosomal or molecular abnormality has been identified thus far. Here, we report on the clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular findings in a child of healthy consanguineous parents suffering from MOMO syndrome. Conventional karyotyping revealed an inherited homozygous balanced reciprocal translocation (16;20)(q21;p11.2). Uniparental disomy testing showed bi-parental inheritance for both derivative chromosomes 16 and 20. The patient's oligonucleotide array-comparative genomic hybridization profile revealed no abnormality. From the homozygous balanced reciprocal translocation (16;20)(q21;p11.2), a positional cloning strategy, designed to narrow 16q21 and 20p11.2 breakpoints, revealed the disruption of a novel gene located at 20p11.23. This gene is now named LINC00237, according to the HUGO (Human Genome Organization) nomenclature. The gene apparently leads to the production of a non-coding RNA. We established that LINC00237 was expressed in lymphocytes of control individuals while normal transcripts were absent in lymphocytes of our MOMO patient. LINC00237 was not ubiquitously expressed in control tissues, but it was notably highly expressed in the brain. Our results suggested autosomal recessive inheritance of MOMO syndrome. LINC00237 could play a role in the pathogenesis of this syndrome and could provide new insights into hyperphagia-related obesity and intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phi Yen Vu
- Univ. Bordeaux, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme, Bordeaux, France
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Ziegeler M, Cevec M, Richter C, Schwalbe H. NMR Studies of HAR1 RNA Secondary Structures Reveal Conformational Dynamics in the Human RNA. Chembiochem 2012; 13:2100-12. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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Abstract
In higher eukaryotes, increasing evidence suggests, gene expression is to a large degree controlled by RNA. Regulatory RNAs have been implicated in the management of neuronal function and plasticity in mammalian brains. However, much of the molecular-mechanistic framework that enables neuronal regulatory RNAs to control gene expression remains poorly understood. Here, we establish molecular mechanisms that underlie the regulatory capacity of neuronal BC RNAs in the translational control of gene expression. We report that regulatory BC RNAs employ a two-pronged approach in translational control. One of two distinct repression mechanisms is mediated by C-loop motifs in BC RNA 3' stem-loop domains. These C-loops bind to eIF4B and prevent the factor's interaction with 18S rRNA of the small ribosomal subunit. In the second mechanism, the central A-rich domains of BC RNAs target eIF4A, specifically inhibiting its RNA helicase activity. Thus, BC RNAs repress translation initiation in a bimodal mechanistic approach. As BC RNA functionality has evolved independently in rodent and primate lineages, our data suggest that BC RNA translational control was necessitated and implemented during mammalian phylogenetic development of complex neural systems.
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Anguera MC, Ma W, Clift D, Namekawa S, Kelleher RJ, Lee JT. Tsx produces a long noncoding RNA and has general functions in the germline, stem cells, and brain. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002248. [PMID: 21912526 PMCID: PMC3164691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tsx gene resides at the X-inactivation center and is thought to encode a protein expressed in testis, but its function has remained mysterious. Given its proximity to noncoding genes that regulate X-inactivation, here we characterize Tsx and determine its function in mice. We find that Tsx is actually noncoding and the long transcript is expressed robustly in meiotic germ cells, embryonic stem cells, and brain. Targeted deletion of Tsx generates viable offspring and X-inactivation is only mildly affected in embryonic stem cells. However, mutant embryonic stem cells are severely growth-retarded, differentiate poorly, and show elevated cell death. Furthermore, male mice have smaller testes resulting from pachytene-specific apoptosis and a maternal-specific effect results in slightly smaller litters. Intriguingly, male mice lacking Tsx are less fearful and have measurably enhanced hippocampal short-term memory. Combined, our study indicates that Tsx performs general functions in multiple cell types and links the noncoding locus to stem and germ cell development, learning, and behavior in mammals. The X-linked gene Tsx is located within the X-inactivation center and is thought to encode a protein expressed in testis, yet its function is not known. Here we show that Tsx is actually a noncoding RNA, a new member of the large noncoding RNA family expressed from the X. Tsx is abundantly expressed in meiotic germ cells, embryonic stem cells, and brain. Targeted deletion of Tsx generates viable offspring, litter ratios are smaller than expected, X-inactivation is mildly affected (in embryonic stem cells), and male animals have smaller testes due to germ cell apoptosis. Mutant embryonic stem cells are severely growth-retarded and differentiate poorly with elevated cell death. Deletion of this noncoding RNA alters mouse behavior, with animals displaying less fear and enhanced short-term memory. Our study indicates that Tsx performs general functions in multiple cell types and links the noncoding locus to stem and germ cell development, learning, and behavior in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat C. Anguera
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Weiyuan Ma
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Danielle Clift
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Satoshi Namekawa
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Raymond J. Kelleher
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeannie T. Lee
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Muslimov IA, Patel MV, Rose A, Tiedge H. Spatial code recognition in neuronal RNA targeting: role of RNA-hnRNP A2 interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 194:441-57. [PMID: 21807882 PMCID: PMC3153643 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of non-canonical purine•purine RNA motifs by hnRNP A2 mediates targeted delivery of neuronal RNAs to dendrites. In neurons, regulation of gene expression occurs in part through translational control at the synapse. A fundamental requirement for such local control is the targeted delivery of select neuronal mRNAs and regulatory RNAs to distal dendritic sites. The nature of spatial RNA destination codes, and the mechanism by which they are interpreted for dendritic delivery, remain poorly understood. We find here that in a key dendritic RNA transport pathway (exemplified by BC1 RNA, a dendritic regulatory RNA, and protein kinase M ζ [PKMζ] mRNA, a dendritic mRNA), noncanonical purine•purine nucleotide interactions are functional determinants of RNA targeting motifs. These motifs are specifically recognized by heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2 (hnRNP A2), a trans-acting factor required for dendritic delivery. Binding to hnRNP A2 and ensuing dendritic delivery are effectively competed by RNAs with CGG triplet repeat expansions. CGG repeats, when expanded in the 5′ untranslated region of fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) mRNA, cause fragile X–associated tremor/ataxia syndrome. The data suggest that cellular dysregulation observed in the presence of CGG repeat RNA may result from molecular competition in neuronal RNA transport pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilham A Muslimov
- The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York, Health Science Center at Brooklyn, USA
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Zhong J, Chuang SC, Bianchi R, Zhao W, Paul G, Thakkar P, Liu D, Fenton AA, Wong RKS, Tiedge H. Regulatory BC1 RNA and the fragile X mental retardation protein: convergent functionality in brain. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15509. [PMID: 21124905 PMCID: PMC2990754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background BC RNAs and the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) are translational repressors that have been implicated in the control of local protein synthesis at the synapse. Work with BC1 and Fmr1 animal models has revealed that phenotypical consequences resulting from the absence of either BC1 RNA or FMRP are remarkably similar. To establish functional interactions between BC1 RNA and FMRP is important for our understanding of how local protein synthesis regulates neuronal excitability. Methodology/Principal Findings We generated BC1−/− Fmr1−/− double knockout (dKO) mice. We examined such animals, lacking both BC1 RNA and FMRP, in comparison with single knockout (sKO) animals lacking either one repressor. Analysis of neural phenotypical output revealed that at least three attributes of brain functionality are subject to control by both BC1 RNA and FMRP: neuronal network excitability, epileptogenesis, and place learning. The severity of CA3 pyramidal cell hyperexcitability was significantly higher in BC1−/− Fmr1−/− dKO preparations than in the respective sKO preparations, as was seizure susceptibility of BC1−/− Fmr1−/− dKO animals in response to auditory stimulation. In place learning, BC1−/− Fmr1−/− dKO animals were severely impaired, in contrast to BC1−/− or Fmr1−/− sKO animals which exhibited only mild deficits. Conclusions/Significance Our data indicate that BC1 RNA and FMRP operate in sequential-independent fashion. They suggest that the molecular interplay between two translational repressors directly impacts brain functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhong
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HT); (JZ)
| | - Shih-Chieh Chuang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- Program in Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Riccardo Bianchi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- Program in Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Wangfa Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- Program in Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Geet Paul
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Punam Thakkar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - David Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - André A. Fenton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- Program in Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert K. S. Wong
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- Program in Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Henri Tiedge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- Program in Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HT); (JZ)
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