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Bataveljic D, Pivonkova H, de Concini V, Hébert B, Ezan P, Briault S, Bemelmans AP, Pichon J, Menuet A, Rouach N. Astroglial Kir4.1 potassium channel deficit drives neuronal hyperexcitability and behavioral defects in Fragile X syndrome mouse model. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3583. [PMID: 38678030 PMCID: PMC11055954 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is an inherited form of intellectual disability caused by the loss of the mRNA-binding fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). FXS is characterized by neuronal hyperexcitability and behavioral defects, however the mechanisms underlying these critical dysfunctions remain unclear. Here, using male Fmr1 knockout mouse model of FXS, we identify abnormal extracellular potassium homeostasis, along with impaired potassium channel Kir4.1 expression and function in astrocytes. Further, we reveal that Kir4.1 mRNA is a binding target of FMRP. Finally, we show that the deficit in astroglial Kir4.1 underlies neuronal hyperexcitability and several behavioral defects in Fmr1 knockout mice. Viral delivery of Kir4.1 channels specifically to hippocampal astrocytes from Fmr1 knockout mice indeed rescues normal astrocyte potassium uptake, neuronal excitability, and cognitive and social performance. Our findings uncover an important role for astrocyte dysfunction in the pathophysiology of FXS, and identify Kir4.1 channel as a potential therapeutic target for FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Bataveljic
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology and Pathologies, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Labex Memolife, Université PSL, Paris, France
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Helena Pivonkova
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology and Pathologies, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Labex Memolife, Université PSL, Paris, France
- Department of Physiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vidian de Concini
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, CNRS UMR7355 and Orléans University, Orléans, France
| | - Betty Hébert
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, CNRS UMR7355 and Orléans University, Orléans, France
| | - Pascal Ezan
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology and Pathologies, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Labex Memolife, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Briault
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, CNRS UMR7355 and Orléans University, Orléans, France
- Department of Genetics, Regional Hospital, Orléans, France
| | - Alexis-Pierre Bemelmans
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de biologie François Jacob, MIRCen, and CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92260, France
| | - Jacques Pichon
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, CNRS UMR7355 and Orléans University, Orléans, France
| | - Arnaud Menuet
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, CNRS UMR7355 and Orléans University, Orléans, France
| | - Nathalie Rouach
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology and Pathologies, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Labex Memolife, Université PSL, Paris, France.
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Ardourel M, Ranchon-Cole I, Pâris A, Felgerolle C, Acar N, Lesne F, Briault S, Perche O. FMR protein: Evidence of an emerging role in retinal aging? Exp Eye Res 2022; 225:109282. [PMID: 36265576 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a multifactorial process that affects the entire organism by cumulative alterations. Visual function impairments that go along with aging are commonly observed, causing lower visual acuity, lower contrast sensitivity, and impaired dark adaptation. Electroretinogram analysis revealed that the amplitudes of rod- and cone-mediated responses are reduced in aged mice and humans. Reports suggested that age-related changes observed in both rod and cone photoreceptor functionality were linked to oxidative stress regulation or free radical production homeostasis. Interestingly, several recent reports linked the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) cellular activity with oxidative stress regulation in several tissue including brain tissue where FMRP participates to the response to stress via protein translation in neurite or is involved in free radical production and abnormal glutathione homeostasis. Based on these recent literatures, we raised the question about the effect of FMRP absence in the aging retina of Fmr1-/y compared to their WT littermates. Indeed, up to now, only young or adult mice (<6 months) were investigated and have shown a specific retinal phenotype. Herein, we demonstrated that Fmr1-/y mice do not present the aging effect on retinal function observed in WT littermates since ERG a- and b-waves amplitudes as well as oscillatory potentials amplitudes were not collapsed with age (12/18 months old). Absence of FMRP and its consequences seem to protect the retina against aging effect, rising a pivotal role of FMRP in retinal aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ardourel
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France; Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, 3b rue de la Ferollerie, 45071, Orléans, Cedex 2, France
| | - I Ranchon-Cole
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - A Pâris
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France; Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, 3b rue de la Ferollerie, 45071, Orléans, Cedex 2, France
| | - C Felgerolle
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France; Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, 3b rue de la Ferollerie, 45071, Orléans, Cedex 2, France
| | - N Acar
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - F Lesne
- Genetic Department, Regional Hospital, 14 Avenue de l'hôpital, 45100, Orléans, France
| | - S Briault
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France; Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, 3b rue de la Ferollerie, 45071, Orléans, Cedex 2, France; Genetic Department, Regional Hospital, 14 Avenue de l'hôpital, 45100, Orléans, France
| | - O Perche
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France; Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, 3b rue de la Ferollerie, 45071, Orléans, Cedex 2, France; Genetic Department, Regional Hospital, 14 Avenue de l'hôpital, 45100, Orléans, France.
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Ardourel M, Pâris A, Felgerolle C, Lesne F, Ranchon-Cole I, Briault S, Perche O. FMRP-related retinal phenotypes: Evidence of glutamate-glutamine metabolic cycle impairment. Exp Eye Res 2022; 224:109238. [PMID: 36067823 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
FMRP, the fragile X mental retardation protein coded by the FMR1 gene, is an RNA-binding protein that assists transport, stabilization and translational regulation of specific synaptic mRNAs. Its expression has been found in multiple cell types of central nervous system (CNS) including glial cells where its involvement in glutamate neurotransmitter homeostasis have been shown. Indeed, glutamate homeostasis deficit has been observed in absence of FMRP in-vivo in cortex and hippocampus structures as well as in vitro on astroglial cell culture. Interestingly, the retina which is an extension of the CNS is presenting electrophysiological alterations in absence of FMRP in both human and murine models suggesting neurotransmitter impairments. Therefore, we investigate the consequences of Fmrp absence on Glutamate-Glutamine cycle in whole retinas and primary retinal Müller cells culture which are the main glial cells of the retina. Using the Fmr1-/y mice, we have shown in vivo and in vitro that the absence of Fmrp in Müller cells is characterized by loss of Glutamate-Glutamine cycle homeostasis due to a lower Glutamine Synthetase protein expression and activity. The lack of Fmrp in the retina induces a reduced flow of glutamine synthesis. Our data established for the first time in literature a direct link between the lack of Fmrp and neurotransmitter homeostasis in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryvonne Ardourel
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France; Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, 3b rue de la Ferollerie, F-45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Arnaud Pâris
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France; Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, 3b rue de la Ferollerie, F-45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Chloé Felgerolle
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France; Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, 3b rue de la Ferollerie, F-45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Fabien Lesne
- Genetic Department, Regional Hospital, 14 Avenue de l'hôpital, 45100, Orléans, France
| | - Isabelle Ranchon-Cole
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sylvain Briault
- Genetic Department, Regional Hospital, 14 Avenue de l'hôpital, 45100, Orléans, France; UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France; Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, 3b rue de la Ferollerie, F-45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Olivier Perche
- Genetic Department, Regional Hospital, 14 Avenue de l'hôpital, 45100, Orléans, France; UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France; Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, 3b rue de la Ferollerie, F-45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France.
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Perche O, Lesne F, Patat A, Raab S, Twyman R, Ring RH, Briault S. Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel haploinsufficiency leads to sensory deficits in the visual system: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2022; 16:180. [PMID: 35509069 PMCID: PMC9069818 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-022-03387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in the genes encoding the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel, especially KCNMA1 encoding its α-subunit, have been linked to several neurological features, including intellectual disability or autism. Associated with neurodevelopmental phenotypes, sensory function disturbances are considered to be important clinical features contributing to a variety of behavioral impairments. Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels are important in regulating neurotransmission in sensory circuits, including visual pathways. Deficits in visual function can contribute substantially to poor quality of life, while therapeutic approaches aimed at addressing such visual deficits represent opportunities to improve neurocognitive and neurobehavioral outcomes. Case presentation We describe the case of a 25-year-old Caucasian male with autism spectrum disorder and severe intellectual disability presenting large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel haploinsufficiency due to a de novo balanced translocation (46, XY, t [9; 10] [q23;q22]) disrupting the KCNMA1 gene. The visual processing pathway of the subject was evaluated using both electroretinography and visual contrast sensitivity, indicating that both retinal bipolar cell function and contrast discrimination performance were reduced by approximately 60% compared with normative control values. These findings imply a direct link between KCNMA1 gene disruption and visual dysfunction in humans. In addition, the subject reported photophobia but did not exhibit strabismus, nystagmus, or other visual findings on physical examination. Conclusions This case study of a subject with large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel haploinsufficiency and photophobia revealed a visual pathway deficit at least at the retinal level, with diminished retinal light capture likely due to bipolar cell dysfunction and an associated loss of contrast sensitivity. The data suggest that large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels play an important role in the normal functioning of the visual pathway in humans, and that their disruption may play a role in visual and other sensory system symptomatology in large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channelopathies or conditions where disruption of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel function is a relevant feature of the pathophysiology, such as fragile X syndrome. This work suggests that the combined use of physiological (electroretinography) and functional (contrast sensitivity) approaches may have utility as a biomarker strategy for identifying and characterizing visual processing deficits in individuals with large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channelopathy. Trial registration ID-RCB number 2019-A01015-52, registered 17/05/2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Perche
- Genetic Department, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, Orléans, France.,UMR7355, Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires (INEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Orléans, France.,Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France.,Kaerus Bioscience Ltd, London, EC1Y 4YX, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert H Ring
- Kaerus Bioscience Ltd, London, EC1Y 4YX, UK.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sylvain Briault
- Genetic Department, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, Orléans, France. .,UMR7355, Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires (INEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Orléans, France. .,Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France. .,Kaerus Bioscience Ltd, London, EC1Y 4YX, UK.
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Baala L, Benzekri-Lefevre D, Bret L, Kamel T, Guillaume C, Courtellemont L, El Khalil A, Guery T, Iquel S, Perche O, Khadre K, Brungs T, Decker J, Francia T, Bois J, Delamare B, Guinard J, Got L, Briault S, Boulain T, Legac E. Case Report: Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza H1N1 in a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome and a pulmonary sarcoidosis. F1000Res 2022; 9:1482. [PMID: 35528205 PMCID: PMC9065929 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.26924.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and has been a global public health concern. We report coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and 2009 H1N1 Influenza strain in a French patient with pneumonia leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome. The patient also had a medical history of pulmonary sarcoidosis with a restrictive ventilatory syndrome and obesity, which would be a supplementary risk to develop a poor outcomes. This case highlights the possible coinfection of two severe SARS-CoV-2 and influenza H1N1 viruses in comorbid patient, which presents a higher risk to extend the care duration. The overlapping clinical features of the two respiratory syndromes is a challenge, and awareness is required to recommend an early differential diagnosis and it’s necessary to adopt the vigilant preventive measures and therapeutic strategies to prevent a deleterious impacts in patients with comorbid factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekbir Baala
- Pole de Biopathologie , CS 86709, 45067 Orléans CEDEX , France, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 14 Avenu de l’Hôpital, Orléans, France
- UMR7355 INEM Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales & Moléculaires, CNRS & Université d'Orléans, 3B rue de la Ferollerie, Orléans CEDEX 2, 45071, France
| | - Dalila Benzekri-Lefevre
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Pole Métiers de l’Urgence, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 14 Avenu de l’Hôpital, CS 86709, Orélans, 45067, France
| | - Laurent Bret
- Pole de Biopathologie , CS 86709, 45067 Orléans CEDEX , France, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 14 Avenu de l’Hôpital, Orléans, France
| | - Toufik Kamel
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Pole Métiers de l’Urgence, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 14 Avenu de l’Hôpital, CS 86709, Orélans, 45067, France
| | - Clémence Guillaume
- Pole de Biopathologie , CS 86709, 45067 Orléans CEDEX , France, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 14 Avenu de l’Hôpital, Orléans, France
| | - Laura Courtellemont
- Pole de Biopathologie , CS 86709, 45067 Orléans CEDEX , France, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 14 Avenu de l’Hôpital, Orléans, France
| | - Abdelkrim El Khalil
- Service de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, Orléans, 45067, France
| | - Thomas Guery
- Pole de Biopathologie , CS 86709, 45067 Orléans CEDEX , France, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 14 Avenu de l’Hôpital, Orléans, France
| | - Sophie Iquel
- Pole de Biopathologie , CS 86709, 45067 Orléans CEDEX , France, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 14 Avenu de l’Hôpital, Orléans, France
| | - Olivier Perche
- Pole de Biopathologie , CS 86709, 45067 Orléans CEDEX , France, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 14 Avenu de l’Hôpital, Orléans, France
- UMR7355 INEM Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales & Moléculaires, CNRS & Université d'Orléans, 3B rue de la Ferollerie, Orléans CEDEX 2, 45071, France
| | - Khalid Khadre
- Service de Radiologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, Orléans, 45067, France
| | - Thomas Brungs
- Pole de Biopathologie , CS 86709, 45067 Orléans CEDEX , France, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 14 Avenu de l’Hôpital, Orléans, France
| | - Julien Decker
- Pole de Biopathologie , CS 86709, 45067 Orléans CEDEX , France, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 14 Avenu de l’Hôpital, Orléans, France
| | - Thomas Francia
- Pole de Biopathologie , CS 86709, 45067 Orléans CEDEX , France, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 14 Avenu de l’Hôpital, Orléans, France
| | - Julie Bois
- Pole de Biopathologie , CS 86709, 45067 Orléans CEDEX , France, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 14 Avenu de l’Hôpital, Orléans, France
| | - Benoit Delamare
- Pole de Biopathologie , CS 86709, 45067 Orléans CEDEX , France, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 14 Avenu de l’Hôpital, Orléans, France
| | - Jérôme Guinard
- Pole de Biopathologie , CS 86709, 45067 Orléans CEDEX , France, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 14 Avenu de l’Hôpital, Orléans, France
| | - Laurence Got
- Pole de Biopathologie , CS 86709, 45067 Orléans CEDEX , France, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 14 Avenu de l’Hôpital, Orléans, France
| | - Sylvain Briault
- Pole de Biopathologie , CS 86709, 45067 Orléans CEDEX , France, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 14 Avenu de l’Hôpital, Orléans, France
- UMR7355 INEM Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales & Moléculaires, CNRS & Université d'Orléans, 3B rue de la Ferollerie, Orléans CEDEX 2, 45071, France
| | - Thierry Boulain
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Pole Métiers de l’Urgence, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 14 Avenu de l’Hôpital, CS 86709, Orélans, 45067, France
| | - Eric Legac
- Pole de Biopathologie , CS 86709, 45067 Orléans CEDEX , France, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 14 Avenu de l’Hôpital, Orléans, France
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Perche O, Lesne F, Patat A, Raab S, Twyman R, Ring RH, Briault S. Electroretinography and contrast sensitivity, complementary translational biomarkers of sensory deficits in the visual system of individuals with fragile X syndrome. J Neurodev Disord 2021; 13:45. [PMID: 34625026 PMCID: PMC8501595 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-021-09375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbances in sensory function are an important clinical feature of neurodevelopmental disorders such as fragile X syndrome (FXS). Evidence also directly connects sensory abnormalities with the clinical expression of behavioral impairments in individuals with FXS; thus, positioning sensory function as a potential clinical target for the development of new therapeutics. Using electroretinography (ERG) and contrast sensitivity (CS), we previously reported the presence of sensory deficits in the visual system of the Fmr1-/y genetic mouse model of FXS. The goals of the current study were two-folds: (1) to assess the feasibility of measuring ERG and CS as a biomarker of sensory deficits in individuals with FXS, and (2) to investigate whether the deficits revealed by ERG and CS in Fmr1-/y mice translate to humans with FXS. METHODS Both ERG and CS were measured in a cohort of male individuals with FXS (n = 20, 18-45 years) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 20, 18-45 years). Under light-adapted conditions, and using both single flash and flicker (repeated train of flashes) stimulation protocols, retinal function was recorded from individual subjects using a portable, handheld, full-field flash ERG device (RETeval®, LKC Technologies Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA). CS was assessed in each subject using the LEA SYMBOLS® low-contrast test (Good-Lite, Elgin, IL, USA). RESULTS Data recording was successfully completed for ERG and assessment of CS in most individuals from both cohorts demonstrating the feasibility of these methods for use in the FXS population. Similar to previously reported findings from the Fmr1-/y genetic mouse model, individuals with FXS were found to exhibit reduced b-wave and flicker amplitude in ERG and an impaired ability to discriminate contrasts compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the feasibility of using ERG and CS for assessing visual deficits in FXS and establishes the translational validity of the Fmr1-/y mice phenotype to individuals with FXS. By including electrophysiological and functional readouts, the results of this study suggest the utility of both ERG and CS (ERG-CS) as complementary translational biomarkers for characterizing sensory abnormalities found in FXS, with potential applications to the clinical development of novel therapeutics that target sensory function abnormalities to treat core symptomatology in FXS. TRIAL REGISTRATION ID-RCB number 2019-A01015-52 registered on the 17 May 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Perche
- Genetic Department, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, Orléans, France
- UMR7355, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Orléans, France
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
- Kaerus Bioscience Ltd., London, EC1Y 4YX, UK
| | | | - Alain Patat
- Kaerus Bioscience Ltd., London, EC1Y 4YX, UK
| | | | | | - Robert H Ring
- Kaerus Bioscience Ltd., London, EC1Y 4YX, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sylvain Briault
- Genetic Department, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, Orléans, France.
- UMR7355, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Orléans, France.
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France.
- Kaerus Bioscience Ltd., London, EC1Y 4YX, UK.
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Reverchon F, de Concini V, Larrigaldie V, Benmerzoug S, Briault S, Togbé D, Ryffel B, Quesniaux VFJ, Menuet A. Hippocampal interleukin-33 mediates neuroinflammation-induced cognitive impairments. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:268. [PMID: 32917228 PMCID: PMC7488545 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01939-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin (IL)-33 is expressed in a healthy brain and plays a pivotal role in several neuropathologies, as protective or contributing to the development of cerebral diseases associated with cognitive impairments. However, the role of IL-33 in the brain is poorly understood, raising the question of its involvement in immunoregulatory mechanisms. Methods We administered recombinant IL-33 (rmIL-33) by intra-hippocampal injection to C57BL/6 J (WT) and IL-1αβ deficient mice. Chronic minocycline administration was performed and cognitive functions were examined trough spatial habituation test. Hippocampal inflammatory responses were investigated by RT-qPCR. The microglia activation was assessed using immunohistological staining and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Results We showed that IL-33 administration in mice led to a spatial memory performance defect associated with an increase of inflammatory markers in the hippocampus while minocycline administration limited the inflammatory response. Quantitative assessment of glial cell activation in situ demonstrated an increase of proximal intersections per radius in each part of the hippocampus. Moreover, rmIL-33 significantly promoted the outgrowth of microglial processes. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis on isolated microglia, revealed overexpression of IL-1β, 48 h post-rmIL-33 administration. This microglial reactivity was closely related to the onset of cognitive disturbance. Finally, we demonstrated that IL-1αβ deficient mice were resistant to cognitive disorders after intra-hippocampal IL-33 injection. Conclusion Thus, hippocampal IL-33 induced an inflammatory state, including IL-1β overexpression by microglia cells, being causative of the cognitive impairment. These results highlight the pathological role for IL-33 in the central nervous system, independently of a specific neuropathological model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Reverchon
- UMR7355, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, CNRS and University of Orléans, 3B rue de la Ferollerie, 45071, Orléans, France.,Current address: Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS UPR4301, 45071, Orléans, France
| | - Vidian de Concini
- UMR7355, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, CNRS and University of Orléans, 3B rue de la Ferollerie, 45071, Orléans, France
| | - Vanessa Larrigaldie
- UMR7355, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, CNRS and University of Orléans, 3B rue de la Ferollerie, 45071, Orléans, France
| | - Sulayman Benmerzoug
- UMR7355, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, CNRS and University of Orléans, 3B rue de la Ferollerie, 45071, Orléans, France.,Current address:Department of Urology, Urology Research Unit, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Briault
- UMR7355, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, CNRS and University of Orléans, 3B rue de la Ferollerie, 45071, Orléans, France.,Department of Genetics, Regional Hospital, Orléans, France
| | | | - Bernhard Ryffel
- UMR7355, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, CNRS and University of Orléans, 3B rue de la Ferollerie, 45071, Orléans, France
| | - Valérie F J Quesniaux
- UMR7355, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, CNRS and University of Orléans, 3B rue de la Ferollerie, 45071, Orléans, France
| | - Arnaud Menuet
- UMR7355, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, CNRS and University of Orléans, 3B rue de la Ferollerie, 45071, Orléans, France.
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8
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Felgerolle C, Hébert B, Ardourel M, Meyer-Dilhet G, Menuet A, Pinto-Morais K, Bizot JC, Pichon J, Briault S, Perche O. Visual Behavior Impairments as an Aberrant Sensory Processing in the Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:228. [PMID: 31680892 PMCID: PMC6797836 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), the most common inherited form of human intellectual disability (ID) associated with autistic-like behaviors, is characterized by dys-sensitivity to sensory stimuli, especially vision. In the absence of Fragile Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP), both retinal and cerebral structures of the visual pathway are impaired, suggesting that perception and integration of visual stimuli are altered. However, behavioral consequences of these defects remain unknown. In this study, we used male Fmr1−/y mice to further define visual disturbances from a behavioral perspective by focusing on three traits characterizing visual modality: perception of depth, contrasts and movements. We performed specific tests (Optomotor Drum, Visual Cliff) to evaluate these visual modalities, their evolution from youth to adulthood, and to assess their involvement in a cognitive task. We show that Fmr1−/y mice exhibit alteration in their visual skills, displaying impaired perspective perception, a drop in their ability to understand a moving contrasted pattern, and a defect in contrasts discrimination. Interestingly, Fmr1−/y phenotypes remain stable over time from adolescence to late adulthood. Besides, we report that color and shape are meaningful for the achievement of a cognitive test involving object recognition. Altogether, these results underline the significance of visual behavior alterations in FXS conditions and relevance of assessing visual skills in neuropsychiatric models before performing behavioral tasks, such as cognitive assessments, that involve visual discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Felgerolle
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France.,Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Betty Hébert
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France.,Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Maryvonne Ardourel
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France.,Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Géraldine Meyer-Dilhet
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France.,Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Arnaud Menuet
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France.,Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Kimberley Pinto-Morais
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France.,Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | | | - Jacques Pichon
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France.,Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Sylvain Briault
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France.,Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France.,Department of Genetics, Regional Hospital, Orléans, France
| | - Olivier Perche
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France.,Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France.,Department of Genetics, Regional Hospital, Orléans, France
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9
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Perche O, Felgerolle C, Ardourel M, Bazinet A, Pâris A, Rossignol R, Meyer-Dilhet G, Mausset-Bonnefont AL, Hébert B, Laurenceau D, Montécot-Dubourg C, Menuet A, Bizot JC, Pichon J, Ranchon-Cole I, Briault S. Early Retinal Defects in Fmr1-/y Mice: Toward a Critical Role of Visual Dys-Sensitivity in the Fragile X Syndrome Phenotype? Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:96. [PMID: 29681800 PMCID: PMC5897671 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is caused by a deficiency in Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP) leading to global sensorial abnormalities, among which visual defects represent a critical part. These visual defects are associated with cerebral neuron immaturity especially in the primary visual cortex. However, we recently demonstrated that retinas of adult Fmr1−/y mice, the FXS murine model, present molecular, cellular and functional alterations. However, no data are currently available on the evolution pattern of such defects. As retinal stimulation through Eye Opening (EO) is a crucial signal for the cerebral visual system maturation, we questioned the precocity of molecular and functional retinal phenotype. To answer this question, we studied the retinal molecular phenotype of Fmr1−/y mice before EO until adult age and the consequences of the retinal loss of Fmrp on retinal function in young and adult mice. We showed that retinal molecular defects are present before EO and remain stable at adult age, leading to electrophysiological impairments without any underlying structural changes. We underlined that loss of Fmrp leads to a wide range of defects in the retina, settled even before EO. Our work demonstrates a critical role of the sensorial dysfunction in the Fmr1−/y mice overall phenotype, and provides evidence that altered peripheral perception is a component of the sensory processing defect in FXS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Perche
- Genetic Department, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, Orléans, France.,UMR7355, Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires (INEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France.,Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Chloé Felgerolle
- UMR7355, Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires (INEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France.,Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Maryvonne Ardourel
- UMR7355, Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires (INEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France.,Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Audrey Bazinet
- UMR7355, Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires (INEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France.,Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Arnaud Pâris
- UMR7355, Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires (INEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France.,Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Rafaëlle Rossignol
- UMR7355, Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires (INEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France.,Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Géraldine Meyer-Dilhet
- UMR7355, Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires (INEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France.,Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | | | - Betty Hébert
- UMR7355, Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires (INEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France.,Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - David Laurenceau
- Genetic Department, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Céline Montécot-Dubourg
- UMR7355, Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires (INEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France.,Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Arnaud Menuet
- UMR7355, Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires (INEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France.,Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | | | - Jacques Pichon
- UMR7355, Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires (INEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France.,Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Isabelle Ranchon-Cole
- Laboratory of Sensorial Biophysical, INSERM UMR1107 Equipe Biophysique Neurosensorielle, University of Clermont 1, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sylvain Briault
- Genetic Department, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, Orléans, France.,UMR7355, Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires (INEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France.,Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
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10
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Aksoy I, Utami KH, Winata CL, Hillmer AM, Rouam SL, Briault S, Davila S, Stanton LW, Cacheux V. Personalized genome sequencing coupled with iPSC technology identifies GTDC1 as a gene involved in neurodevelopmental disorders. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:367-382. [PMID: 28365779 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism spectrum disorders have been studied intensively for decades. The ability to generate patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) now offers a novel strategy for modelling human diseases. Recent studies have reported the derivation of iPSCs from patients with neurological disorders. The key challenge remains the demonstration of disease-related phenotypes and the ability to model the disease. Here we report a case study with signs of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) harbouring chromosomal rearrangements that were sequenced using long-insert DNA paired-end tag (DNA-PET) sequencing approach. We identified the disruption of a specific gene, GTDC1. By deriving iPSCs from this patient and differentiating them into neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and neurons we dissected the disease process at the cellular level and observed defects in both NPCs and neuronal cells. We also showed that disruption of GTDC1 expression in wild type human NPCs and neurons showed a similar phenotype as patient's iPSCs. Finally, we utilized a zebrafish model to demonstrate a role for GTDC1 in the development of the central nervous system. Our findings highlight the importance of combining sequencing technologies with the iPSC technology for NDDs modelling that could be applied for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Aksoy
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis St, Singapore.,University of Lyon, University Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Kagistia H Utami
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis St, Singapore
| | - Cecilia L Winata
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis St, Singapore.,International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland.,Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Axel M Hillmer
- Cancer Therapeutics & Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore
| | - Sigrid L Rouam
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis St, Singapore
| | - Sylvain Briault
- Service de Génétique INEM UMR7355 CNRS-University, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Sonia Davila
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lawrence W Stanton
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis St, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Valere Cacheux
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis St, Singapore
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11
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Laudier B, Epiais T, Pâris A, Menuet A, Briault S, Ozsancak C, Perche O. Molecular and clinical analyses with neuropsychological assessment of a case of del(10)(q26.2qter) without intellectual disability: Genomic and transcriptomic combined approach and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:1806-12. [PMID: 27113058 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Terminal deletion of the long arm of the chromosome 10 is a rare but well known abnormality, with a large phenotypic variability. Very few data are available about subtelomeric deletion 10q26 patients without intellectual disability. Herein, we report the case of a young adult with a classical 10q26.2qter deletion. She exhibited mainly short stature at birth and in childhood/adulthood without intellectual disability or behavioral problems. After clinical and neuropsychological assessments, we performed genomic array and transcriptomic analysis and compared our results to the data available in the literature. The patient presents a 6.525 Mb heterozygous 10q26.2qter deletion, encompassed 48 genes. Among those genes, DOCK1, C10orf90, and CALY previously described as potential candidate genes for intellectual disability, were partially or completed deleted. Interestingly, they were not deregulated as demonstrated by transcriptomic analysis. This allowed us to suggest that the mechanism involved in the deletion 10qter phenotype is much more complex that only the haploinsufficiency of DOCK1 or other genes encompassed in the deletion. Genomic and transcriptomic combined approach has to be considered to understand this pathogenesis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Laudier
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orleans, France.,Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orleans, Orleans, France.,Department of Genetics, Regional Hospital, Orleans, France
| | | | - Arnaud Pâris
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orleans, France.,Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orleans, Orleans, France
| | - Arnaud Menuet
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orleans, France.,Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orleans, Orleans, France
| | - Sylvain Briault
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orleans, France.,Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orleans, Orleans, France.,Department of Genetics, Regional Hospital, Orleans, France
| | - Canan Ozsancak
- Department of Neurology, Regional Hospital, Orleans, France
| | - Olivier Perche
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orleans, France.,Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orleans, Orleans, France.,Department of Genetics, Regional Hospital, Orleans, France
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12
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Laugeray A, Herzine A, Perche O, Hébert B, Aguillon-Naury M, Richard O, Menuet A, Mazaud-Guittot S, Lesné L, Briault S, Jegou B, Pichon J, Montécot-Dubourg C, Mortaud S. Pre- and postnatal exposure to low dose glufosinate ammonium induces autism-like phenotypes in mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:390. [PMID: 25477793 PMCID: PMC4238406 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glufosinate ammonium (GLA) is one of the most widely used herbicides in agriculture. As is the case for most pesticides, potential adverse effects of GLA have not been studied from the perspective of developmental neurotoxicity. Early pesticides exposure may weaken the basic structure of the developing brain and cause permanent changes leading to a wide range of lifelong effects on health and/or behavior. Here, we addressed the developmental impact of GLA by exposing female mice to low dose GLA during both pre- and postnatal periods and analyzed potential developmental and behavioral changes of the offspring during infancy and adulthood. A neurobehavioral test battery revealed significant effects of GLA maternal exposure on early reflex development, pup communication, affiliative behaviors, and preference for social olfactory cues, but emotional reactivity and emotional memory remained unaltered. These behavioral alterations showed a striking resemblance to changes seen in animal models of Autistic Spectrum Disorders. At the brain level, GLA maternal exposure caused some increase in relative brain weight of the offspring. In addition, reduced expression of Pten and Peg3 – two genes implicated in autism-like deficits – was observed in the brain of GLA-exposed pups at postnatal day 15. Our work thus provides new data on the link between pre- and postnatal exposure to the herbicide GLA and the onset of autism-like symptoms later in life. It also raises fundamental concerns about the ability of current safety testing to assess risks of pesticide exposure during critical developmental periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Laugeray
- Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires - UMR7355 CNRS - 3b , Orléans , France
| | - Ameziane Herzine
- Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires - UMR7355 CNRS - 3b , Orléans , France
| | - Olivier Perche
- Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires - UMR7355 CNRS - 3b , Orléans , France ; Département de génétique, Centre Hospitalier Régional , Orléans , France
| | - Betty Hébert
- Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires - UMR7355 CNRS - 3b , Orléans , France
| | | | - Olivier Richard
- Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires - UMR7355 CNRS - 3b , Orléans , France ; Université d'Orléans , Orléans , France
| | - Arnaud Menuet
- Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires - UMR7355 CNRS - 3b , Orléans , France ; Université d'Orléans , Orléans , France
| | | | - Laurianne Lesné
- IRSET INSERM U 1085, Université de Rennes I , Rennes , France
| | - Sylvain Briault
- Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires - UMR7355 CNRS - 3b , Orléans , France ; Département de génétique, Centre Hospitalier Régional , Orléans , France
| | - Bernard Jegou
- IRSET INSERM U 1085, Université de Rennes I , Rennes , France
| | - Jacques Pichon
- Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires - UMR7355 CNRS - 3b , Orléans , France ; Université d'Orléans , Orléans , France
| | - Céline Montécot-Dubourg
- Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires - UMR7355 CNRS - 3b , Orléans , France ; Université d'Orléans , Orléans , France
| | - Stéphane Mortaud
- Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires - UMR7355 CNRS - 3b , Orléans , France ; Université d'Orléans , Orléans , France
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13
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Vanmarsenille L, Giannandrea M, Fieremans N, Verbeeck J, Belet S, Raynaud M, Vogels A, Männik K, Õunap K, Jacqueline V, Briault S, Van Esch H, D'Adamo P, Froyen G. Increased dosage of RAB39B affects neuronal development and could explain the cognitive impairment in male patients with distal Xq28 copy number gains. Hum Mutat 2014; 35:377-83. [PMID: 24357492 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Copy number gains at Xq28 are a frequent cause of X-linked intellectual disability (XLID). Here, we report on a recurrent 0.5 Mb tandem copy number gain at distal Xq28 not including MECP2, in four male patients with nonsyndromic mild ID and behavioral problems. The genomic region is duplicated in two families and triplicated in a third reflected by more distinctive clinical features. The X-inactivation patterns in carrier females correspond well with their clinical symptoms. Our mapping data confirm that this recurrent gain is likely mediated by nonallelic homologous recombination between two directly oriented Int22h repeats. The affected region harbors eight genes of which RAB39B encoding a small GTPase, was the prime candidate since loss-of-function mutations had been linked to ID. RAB39B is expressed at stable levels in lymphocytes from control individuals, suggesting a tight regulation. mRNA levels in our patients were almost two-fold increased. Overexpression of Rab39b in mouse primary hippocampal neurons demonstrated a significant decrease in neuronal branching as well as in the number of synapses when compared with the control neurons. Taken together, we provide evidence that the increased dosage of RAB39B causes a disturbed neuronal development leading to cognitive impairment in patients with this recurrent copy number gain.
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14
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Laugeray A, Herzine A, Perche O, Richard O, Menuet A, Mazaud-Guittot S, Lesne L, Briault S, Jegou B, Pichon J, Montecot-Dubourg C, Mortaud S. Perinatal exposure to low dose glufosinate ammonium induces autism-like phenotypes in mice. Toxicol Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Rossignol R, Ranchon-Cole I, Pâris A, Herzine A, Perche A, Laurenceau D, Bertrand P, Cercy C, Pichon J, Mortaud S, Briault S, Menuet A, Perche O. Visual sensorial impairments in neurodevelopmental disorders: evidence for a retinal phenotype in Fragile X Syndrome. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105996. [PMID: 25153086 PMCID: PMC4143372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual sensory impairments are common in Mental Deficiency (MD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). These defects are linked to cerebral dysfunction in the visual cortical area characterized by the deregulation of axon growth/guidance and dendrite spine immaturity of neurons. However, visual perception had not been addressed, although the retina is part of the central nervous system with a common embryonic origin. Therefore, we investigated retinal perception, the first event of vision, in a murine model of MD with autistic features. We document that retinal function is altered in Fmr1 KO mice, a model of human Fragile X Syndrome. Indeed, In Fmr1 KO mice had a lower retinal function characterized by a decreased photoreceptors neuron response, due to a 40% decrease in Rhodopsin content and to Rod Outer Segment destabilization. In addition, we observed an alteration of the visual signal transmission between photoreceptors and the inner retina which could be attributed to deregulations of pre- and post- synaptic proteins resulting in retinal neurons synaptic destabilization and to retinal neurons immaturity. Thus, for the first time, we demonstrated that retinal perception is altered in a murine model of MD with autistic features and that there are strong similarities between cerebral and retinal cellular and molecular defects. Our results suggest that both visual perception and integration must be taken into account in assessing visual sensory impairments in MD and ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaëlle Rossignol
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Isabelle Ranchon-Cole
- Laboratory of Sensorial Biophysical, University of Clermont 1, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Arnaud Pâris
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Ameziane Herzine
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Astrid Perche
- Genetic Department, Regional Hospital, Orléans, France
| | | | - Pauline Bertrand
- Laboratory of Sensorial Biophysical, University of Clermont 1, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christine Cercy
- Laboratory of Sensorial Biophysical, University of Clermont 1, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jacques Pichon
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Stéphane Mortaud
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Sylvain Briault
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
- Genetic Department, Regional Hospital, Orléans, France
| | - Arnaud Menuet
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Olivier Perche
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orléans, France
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
- Genetic Department, Regional Hospital, Orléans, France
- * E-mail:
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16
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Hébert B, Pietropaolo S, Même S, Laudier B, Laugeray A, Doisne N, Quartier A, Lefeuvre S, Got L, Cahard D, Laumonnier F, Crusio WE, Pichon J, Menuet A, Perche O, Briault S. Rescue of fragile X syndrome phenotypes in Fmr1 KO mice by a BKCa channel opener molecule. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014; 9:124. [PMID: 25079250 PMCID: PMC4237919 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-014-0124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited intellectual disability and is also associated with autism spectrum disorders. Previous studies implicated BKCa channels in the neuropathogenesis of FXS, but the main question was whether pharmacological BKCa stimulation would be able to rescue FXS neurobehavioral phenotypes. METHODS AND RESULTS We used a selective BKCa channel opener molecule (BMS-204352) to address this issue in Fmr1 KO mice, modeling the FXS pathophysiology. In vitro, acute BMS-204352 treatment (10 μM) restored the abnormal dendritic spine phenotype. In vivo, a single injection of BMS-204352 (2 mg/kg) rescued the hippocampal glutamate homeostasis and the behavioral phenotype. Indeed, disturbances in social recognition and interaction, non-social anxiety, and spatial memory were corrected by BMS-204352 in Fmr1 KO mice. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that the BKCa channel is a new therapeutic target for FXS. We show that BMS-204352 rescues a broad spectrum of behavioral impairments (social, emotional and cognitive) in an animal model of FXS. This pharmacological molecule might open new ways for FXS therapy.
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17
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Utami KH, Hillmer AM, Aksoy I, Chew EGY, Teo ASM, Zhang Z, Lee CWH, Chen PJ, Seng CC, Ariyaratne PN, Rouam SL, Soo LS, Yousoof S, Prokudin I, Peters G, Collins F, Wilson M, Kakakios A, Haddad G, Menuet A, Perche O, Tay SKH, Sung KWK, Ruan X, Ruan Y, Liu ET, Briault S, Jamieson RV, Davila S, Cacheux V. Detection of chromosomal breakpoints in patients with developmental delay and speech disorders. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90852. [PMID: 24603971 PMCID: PMC3946304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Delineating candidate genes at the chromosomal breakpoint regions in the apparently balanced chromosome rearrangements (ABCR) has been shown to be more effective with the emergence of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. We employed a large-insert (7-11 kb) paired-end tag sequencing technology (DNA-PET) to systematically analyze genome of four patients harbouring cytogenetically defined ABCR with neurodevelopmental symptoms, including developmental delay (DD) and speech disorders. We characterized structural variants (SVs) specific to each individual, including those matching the chromosomal breakpoints. Refinement of these regions by Sanger sequencing resulted in the identification of five disrupted genes in three individuals: guanine nucleotide binding protein, q polypeptide (GNAQ), RNA-binding protein, fox-1 homolog (RBFOX3), unc-5 homolog D (C.elegans) (UNC5D), transmembrane protein 47 (TMEM47), and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP). Among them, XIAP is the causative gene for the immunodeficiency phenotype seen in the patient. The remaining genes displayed specific expression in the fetal brain and have known biologically relevant functions in brain development, suggesting putative candidate genes for neurodevelopmental phenotypes. This study demonstrates the application of NGS technologies in mapping individual gene disruptions in ABCR as a resource for deciphering candidate genes in human neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kagistia H. Utami
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Axel M. Hillmer
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Irene Aksoy
- Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elaine G. Y. Chew
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Audrey S. M. Teo
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhenshui Zhang
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charlie W. H. Lee
- Computational and Mathematical Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pauline J. Chen
- Computational and Mathematical Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chan Chee Seng
- Scientific & Research Computing, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pramila N. Ariyaratne
- Computational and Mathematical Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sigrid L. Rouam
- Computational and Mathematical Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lim Seong Soo
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saira Yousoof
- Eye and Developmental Genetics Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Children’s Medical Research Institute and Save Sight Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Disciplines of Paediatrics and Child Health and Genetic Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ivan Prokudin
- Eye and Developmental Genetics Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Children’s Medical Research Institute and Save Sight Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Disciplines of Paediatrics and Child Health and Genetic Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregory Peters
- Department of Cytogenetics, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Felicity Collins
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Meredith Wilson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alyson Kakakios
- Department of Immunology, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Arnaud Menuet
- Service de Genetique INEM UMR7355 CNRS-University, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Olivier Perche
- Service de Genetique INEM UMR7355 CNRS-University, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Stacey Kiat Hong Tay
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ken W. K. Sung
- Computational and Mathematical Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaoan Ruan
- Genome Technology and Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yijun Ruan
- Genome Technology and Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edison T. Liu
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sylvain Briault
- Service de Genetique INEM UMR7355 CNRS-University, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Robyn V. Jamieson
- Eye and Developmental Genetics Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Children’s Medical Research Institute and Save Sight Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sonia Davila
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Valere Cacheux
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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Perche O, Menuet A, Marcos M, Liu L, Pâris A, Utami KH, Kervran D, Cacheux V, Laudier B, Briault S. Combined deletion of two Condensin II system genes (NCAPG2 and MCPH1) in a case of severe microcephaly and mental deficiency. Eur J Med Genet 2013; 56:635-41. [PMID: 24013099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
7qter deletion syndrome includes prenatal and/or postnatal growth retardation, microcephaly, psychomotor delay or mental retardation and a characteristic dysmorphism. If clinical features are well described, the molecular mechanisms underlying the 7qter deletion syndrome remain unknown. Those deletions usually arise de novo. Here, we describe a young boy with an abnormal phenotype consistent with a 7qter deletion syndrome. High resolution genomic analysis (Affymetrix Human Genome Wide SNP 6.0) revealed a 7q36.3 deletion encompassing NCAPG2, ESYT2, WDR60 and VIPR2, inherited from his asymptomatic father and paternal grandfather. In addition, the patient also harbored a MCPH1 deletion inherited from his healthy mother. Combined NCAPG2 and MCPH1 deletions were correlated with low mRNA levels and protein expression in the patient. MCPH1 and NCAPG2 proteins interaction is known to control chromosome structure and we thus propose that double heterozygosity for null mutations of those two genes of the Condensin II system contribute to mental deficiency with severe microcephaly phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Perche
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orleans, France; Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orleans, 3b rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orleans Cedex 2, France; Genetic Department, Regional Hospital, 14 Avenue de l'Hôpital, 45100 Orleans, France
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Perche O, Haddad G, Menuet A, Callier P, Marcos M, Briault S, Laudier B. Dysregulation of FOXG1 pathway in a 14q12 microdeletion case. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:3072-7. [PMID: 23956198 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
"FOXG1 syndrome" includes postnatal microcephaly, severe intellectual disability with absence of language and agenesis of the corpus callosum. When the syndrome is associated with large 14q12q13 deletions, the patients present characteristic facial dysmorphism. Although all reports were based on genomic analysis, recently a FOXG1 regulatory elements deletion, associated with down regulated mRNA, suggested an implication of FOXG1 pathway. Herein, we report on a young boy with a phenotype consistent with a FOXG1 syndrome. He had a de novo translocation t(6;14)(q22.1;q12) associated with a heterozygous 14q12.2q13 deletion encompassing FOXG1. Subsequently, we investigated his transcriptomic profile on lymphoblastoïd cell lines and/or fibroblasts and showed that FOXG1 was commonly down-regulated. Moreover, several other FOXG1 pathway genes were also disturbed. Our data and review of previous reports highlight dysregulation of FOXG1 pathway as the cause of the "FOXG1 syndrome" developmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Perche
- UMR7355, CNRS, Orleans, France; Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orleans, Orleans, France; Genetic Department, Regional Hospital, Orleans, France
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Vu PY, Toutain J, Cappellen D, Delrue MA, Daoud H, El Moneim AA, Barat P, Montaubin O, Bonnet F, Dai ZQ, Philippe C, Tran CT, Rooryck C, Arveiler B, Saura R, Briault S, Lacombe D, Taine L. A homozygous balanced reciprocal translocation suggests LINC00237 as a candidate gene for MOMO (macrosomia, obesity, macrocephaly, and ocular abnormalities) syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:2849-56. [PMID: 23034868 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Macrosomia, obesity, macrocephaly, and ocular abnormalities syndrome (MOMO syndrome) has been reported in only four patients to date. In these sporadic cases, no chromosomal or molecular abnormality has been identified thus far. Here, we report on the clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular findings in a child of healthy consanguineous parents suffering from MOMO syndrome. Conventional karyotyping revealed an inherited homozygous balanced reciprocal translocation (16;20)(q21;p11.2). Uniparental disomy testing showed bi-parental inheritance for both derivative chromosomes 16 and 20. The patient's oligonucleotide array-comparative genomic hybridization profile revealed no abnormality. From the homozygous balanced reciprocal translocation (16;20)(q21;p11.2), a positional cloning strategy, designed to narrow 16q21 and 20p11.2 breakpoints, revealed the disruption of a novel gene located at 20p11.23. This gene is now named LINC00237, according to the HUGO (Human Genome Organization) nomenclature. The gene apparently leads to the production of a non-coding RNA. We established that LINC00237 was expressed in lymphocytes of control individuals while normal transcripts were absent in lymphocytes of our MOMO patient. LINC00237 was not ubiquitously expressed in control tissues, but it was notably highly expressed in the brain. Our results suggested autosomal recessive inheritance of MOMO syndrome. LINC00237 could play a role in the pathogenesis of this syndrome and could provide new insights into hyperphagia-related obesity and intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phi Yen Vu
- Univ. Bordeaux, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme, Bordeaux, France
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21
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Perche O, Laudier B, Menuet A, Odent S, Laumonnier F, Briault S. FG syndrome: The FGS2 locus revisited. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:1489-92. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Pagan C, Botros HG, Poirier K, Dumaine A, Jamain S, Moreno S, de Brouwer A, Van Esch H, Delorme R, Launay JM, Tzschach A, Kalscheuer V, Lacombe D, Briault S, Laumonnier F, Raynaud M, van Bon BW, Willemsen MH, Leboyer M, Chelly J, Bourgeron T. Mutation screening of ASMT, the last enzyme of the melatonin pathway, in a large sample of patients with intellectual disability. BMC Med Genet 2011; 12:17. [PMID: 21251267 PMCID: PMC3034665 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Intellectual disability (ID) is frequently associated with sleep disorders. Treatment with melatonin demonstrated efficacy, suggesting that, at least in a subgroup of patients, the endogenous melatonin level may not be sufficient to adequately set the sleep-wake cycles. Mutations in ASMT gene, coding the last enzyme of the melatonin pathway have been reported as a risk factor for autism spectrum disorders (ASD), which are often comorbid with ID. Thus the aim of the study was to ascertain the genetic variability of ASMT in a large cohort of patients with ID and controls. Methods Here, we sequenced all exons of ASMT in a sample of 361 patients with ID and 440 controls. We then measured the ASMT activity in B lymphoblastoid cell lines (BLCL) of patients with ID carrying an ASMT variant and compared it to controls. Results We could identify eleven variations modifying the protein sequence of ASMT (ID only: N13H, N17K, V171M, E288D; controls only: E61Q, D210G, K219R, P243L, C273S, R291Q; ID and controls: L298F) and two deleterious splice site mutations (IVS5+2T>C and IVS7+1G>T) only observed in patients with ID. We then ascertained ASMT activity in B lymphoblastoid cell lines from patients carrying the mutations and showed significantly lower enzyme activity in patients carrying mutations compared to controls (p = 0.004). Conclusions We could identify patients with deleterious ASMT mutations as well as decreased ASMT activity. However, this study does not support ASMT as a causative gene for ID since we observed no significant enrichment in the frequency of ASMT variants in ID compared to controls. Nevertheless, given the impact of sleep difficulties in patients with ID, melatonin supplementation might be of great benefit for a subgroup of patients with low melatonin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Pagan
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Daoud H, Bonnet-Brilhault F, Védrine S, Demattéi MV, Vourc'h P, Bayou N, Andres CR, Barthélémy C, Laumonnier F, Briault S. Autism and nonsyndromic mental retardation associated with a de novo mutation in the NLGN4X gene promoter causing an increased expression level. Biol Psychiatry 2009; 66:906-10. [PMID: 19545860 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Revised: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenic mutations in the X-linked Neuroligin 4 gene (NLGN4X) in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and/or mental retardation (MR) are rare. However, nothing is known regarding a possible altered expression level of NLGN4X that would be caused by mutations in regulatory sequences. We investigated this issue by analyzing these regions in patients with ASDs and no mutation in the NLGN4X coding sequence. METHODS We studied 96 patients who met all DSM-IV criteria for autism. The entire coding sequence and the regulatory sequences of the NLGN4X gene were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. RESULTS We identified a de novo 1 base pair (-335G>A) substitution located in the promoter region in a patient with autism and nonsyndromic profound MR. Interestingly, this variation is associated with an increased level of the NLGN4X transcript in the patient compared with male control subjects as well as his father. Further in vitro luciferase reporter and electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed, respectively, that this mutation increases gene expression and is probably caused by altered binding of transcription factors in the mutated promoter sequence. CONCLUSIONS This result brings further insight about the phenotypic spectrum of NLGN4X mutations and suggests that the analysis of the expression level of NLGN4X might detect new cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Daoud
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U930), Tours, France.
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Guilmatre A, Dubourg C, Mosca AL, Legallic S, Goldenberg A, Drouin-Garraud V, Layet V, Rosier A, Briault S, Bonnet-Brilhault F, Laumonnier F, Odent S, Le Vacon G, Joly-Helas G, David V, Bendavid C, Pinoit JM, Henry C, Impallomeni C, Germano E, Tortorella G, Di Rosa G, Barthelemy C, Andres C, Faivre L, Frébourg T, Saugier Veber P, Campion D. Recurrent rearrangements in synaptic and neurodevelopmental genes and shared biologic pathways in schizophrenia, autism, and mental retardation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 66:947-56. [PMID: 19736351 DOI: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Results of comparative genomic hybridization studies have suggested that rare copy number variations (CNVs) at numerous loci are involved in the cause of mental retardation, autism spectrum disorders, and schizophrenia. OBJECTIVES To provide an estimate of the collective frequency of a set of recurrent or overlapping CNVs in 3 different groups of cases compared with healthy control subjects and to assess whether each CNV is present in more than 1 clinical category. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Academic research. PARTICIPANTS We investigated 28 candidate loci previously identified by comparative genomic hybridization studies for gene dosage alteration in 247 cases with mental retardation, in 260 cases with autism spectrum disorders, in 236 cases with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, and in 236 controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Collective and individual frequencies of the analyzed CNVs in cases compared with controls. RESULTS Recurrent or overlapping CNVs were found in cases at 39.3% of the selected loci. The collective frequency of CNVs at these loci is significantly increased in cases with autism, in cases with schizophrenia, and in cases with mental retardation compared with controls (P < .001, P = .01, and P = .001, respectively, Fisher exact test). Individual significance (P = .02 without correction for multiple testing) was reached for the association between autism and a 350-kilobase deletion located at 22q11 and spanning the PRODH and DGCR6 genes. CONCLUSIONS Weakly to moderately recurrent CNVs (transmitted or occurring de novo) seem to be causative or contributory factors for these diseases. Most of these CNVs (which contain genes involved in neurotransmission or in synapse formation and maintenance) are present in the 3 pathologic conditions (schizophrenia, autism, and mental retardation), supporting the existence of shared biologic pathways in these neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Guilmatre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 614, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Recherche Biomédicale, 76000 Rouen, France
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25
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Daoud H, Gruchy N, Constans JM, Moussaoui E, Saumureau S, Bayou N, Amy M, Védrine S, Vu PY, Rötig A, Laumonnier F, Vourc'h P, Andres CR, Leporrier N, Briault S. Haploinsufficiency of the GPD2 gene in a patient with nonsyndromic mental retardation. Hum Genet 2008; 124:649-58. [PMID: 19011903 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-008-0588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the chromosome abnormalities in a female patient exhibiting mild nonsyndromic mental retardation. The patient carries a de novo balanced reciprocal translocation 46,XX,t(2;7)(q24.1;q36.1). Physical mapping of the breakpoints by fluorescent in situ hybridization experiments revealed the disruption of the GPD2 gene at the 2q24.1 region. This gene encodes the mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (mGPDH), which is located on the outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane, and catalyzes the unidirectional conversion of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) to dihydroxyacetone phosphate with concomitant reduction of the enzyme-bound FAD. Molecular and functional studies showed approximately a twofold decrease of GPD2 transcript level as well as decreased activity of the coded mGPDH protein in lymphoblastoid cell lines of the patient compared to controls. Bioinformatics analysis allowed us to confirm the existence of a novel transcript of the GPD2 gene, designated GPD2c, which is directly disrupted by the 2q breakpoint. To validate GPD2 as a new candidate gene for mental retardation, we performed mutation screening of the GPD2 gene in 100 mentally retarded patients; however, no mutations have been identified. Nevertheless, our results propose that a functional defect of the mGPDH protein could be associated with mental retardation, suggesting that GPD2 gene could be involved in mental retardation in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Daoud
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U930, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.
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Schwartz CE, Tarpey PS, Lubs HA, Verloes A, May MM, Risheg H, Friez MJ, Futreal PA, Edkins S, Teague J, Briault S, Skinner C, Bauer-Carlin A, Simensen RJ, Joseph SM, Jones JR, Gecz J, Stratton MR, Raymond FL, Stevenson RE. The original Lujan syndrome family has a novel missense mutation (p.N1007S) in the MED12 gene. J Med Genet 2007; 44:472-7. [PMID: 17369503 PMCID: PMC2597996 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2006.048637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A novel missense mutation in the mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 12 (MED12) gene has been found in the original family with Lujan syndrome and in a second family (K9359) that was initially considered to have Opitz-Kaveggia (FG) syndrome. A different missense mutation in the MED12 gene has been reported previously in the original family with FG syndrome and in five other families with compatible clinical findings. Neither sequence alteration has been found in over 1400 control X chromosomes. Lujan (Lujan-Fryns) syndrome is characterised by tall stature with asthenic habitus, macrocephaly, a tall narrow face, maxillary hypoplasia, a high narrow palate with dental crowding, a small or receding chin, long hands with hyperextensible digits, hypernasal speech, hypotonia, mild-to-moderate mental retardation, behavioural aberrations and dysgenesis of the corpus callosum. Although Lujan syndrome has not been previously considered to be in the differential diagnosis of FG syndrome, there are some overlapping clinical manifestations. Specifically, these are dysgenesis of the corpus callosum, macrocephaly/relative macrocephaly, a tall forehead, hypotonia, mental retardation and behavioural disturbances. Thus, it seems that these two X-linked mental retardation syndromes are allelic, with mutations in the MED12 gene.
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Baala L, Briault S, Etchevers HC, Laumonnier F, Natiq A, Amiel J, Boddaert N, Picard C, Sbiti A, Asermouh A, Attié-Bitach T, Encha-Razavi F, Munnich A, Sefiani A, Lyonnet S. Homozygous silencing of T-box transcription factor EOMES leads to microcephaly with polymicrogyria and corpus callosum agenesis. Nat Genet 2007; 39:454-6. [PMID: 17353897 DOI: 10.1038/ng1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2006] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neural progenitor proliferation and migration influence brain size during neurogenesis. We report an autosomal recessive microcephaly syndrome cosegregating with a homozygous balanced translocation between chromosomes 3p and 10q, and we show that a position effect at the breakpoint on chromosome 3 silences the eomesodermin transcript (EOMES), also known as T-box-brain2 (TBR2). Together with the expression pattern of EOMES in the developing human brain, our data suggest that EOMES is involved in neuronal division and/or migration. Thus, mutations in genes encoding not only mitotic and apoptotic proteins but also transcription factors may be responsible for malformative microcephaly syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekbir Baala
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, Rabat, Maroc
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Béri-Deixheimer M, Gregoire MJ, Toutain A, Brochet K, Briault S, Schaff JL, Leheup B, Jonveaux P. Genotype–phenotype correlations to aid in the prognosis of individuals with uncommon 20q13.33 subtelomere deletions: a collaborative study on behalf of the ‘association des Cytogénéticiens de langue Française’. Eur J Hum Genet 2007; 15:446-52. [PMID: 17290276 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of subtelomeric rearrangements as a cause of mental retardation has made a considerable contribution to diagnosing patients with mental retardation. It is remarkable that for certain subtelomeric regions, deletions have hardly ever been reported so far. All the laboratories from the 'Association des Cytogénéticiens de Langue Française' were surveyed for cases where an abnormality of the subtelomere FISH analysis had been ascertained. Among 1511 cases referred owing to unexplained mental retardation, 115 (7.6%) patients showed a clinically significant subtelomeric abnormality. We report the clinical features and the molecular cytogenetic delineation of isolated de novo deletions on 20q13.33 in two cases. Detailed mapping was performed by micro-array CGH in one patient and confirmed by FISH in the two patients. We compare our data with the only three patients reported in the literature. Both patients shared a deleted region of approximately 1.33 Mb including 40 genes, with a 324 kb difference between the two patients. Haploinsufficiency for CHRNA4 and ARFGAP1 may have contributed towards a severe phenotype. In addition, the data in all patients suggest that haploinsufficiency for SOX18 may not cause the hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia syndrome, or causes milder disease. Our study gives important information by defining the size of imbalance and better predicting the phenotype. Two clinically distinct phenotypes may be drawn, a mild mental retardation or a more complex and severe phenotype, according to the presence or absence of the CHRNA4 and ARFGAP1 genes respectively.
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Laumonnier F, Roger S, Guérin P, Molinari F, M'rad R, Cahard D, Belhadj A, Halayem M, Persico AM, Elia M, Romano V, Holbert S, Andres C, Chaabouni H, Colleaux L, Constant J, Le Guennec JY, Briault S. Association of a functional deficit of the BKCa channel, a synaptic regulator of neuronal excitability, with autism and mental retardation. Am J Psychiatry 2006; 163:1622-9. [PMID: 16946189 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.2006.163.9.1622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autism is a complex, largely genetic psychiatric disorder. In the majority of cases, the cause of autism is not known, but there is strong evidence for a genetic etiology. To identify candidate genes, the physical mapping of balanced chromosomal aberrations is a powerful strategy, since several genes have been characterized in numerous disorders. In this study, the authors analyzed a balanced reciprocal translocation arising de novo in a subject with autism and mental retardation. METHOD The authors performed the physical mapping of the balanced 9q23/10q22 translocation by fluorescent in situ hybridization experiments using bacterial artificial chromosome clones covering the areas of interest. RESULTS Findings revealed that the KCNMA1 gene, which encodes the alpha-subunit of the large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK(Ca)) channel, a synaptic regulator of neuronal excitability, is physically disrupted. Further molecular and functional analyses showed the haploinsufficiency of this gene as well as decreased activity of the coded BK(Ca )channel. This activity can be enhanced in vitro by addition of a BK(Ca )channel opener (BMS-204352). Further mutational analyses on 116 autistic subjects led to the identification of an amino acid substitution located in a highly conserved domain of the protein not found in comparison subjects. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a possible association between a functional defect of the BK(Ca) channel and autistic disorder and raise the hypothesis that deficits in synaptic transmission may contribute to the physiopathology of autism and mental deficiency.
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MESH Headings
- Autistic Disorder/genetics
- Autistic Disorder/physiopathology
- Child
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial/genetics
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial/physiology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular/methods
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Intellectual Disability/genetics
- Intellectual Disability/physiopathology
- Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel alpha Subunits/drug effects
- Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel alpha Subunits/genetics
- Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel alpha Subunits/physiology
- Male
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Synaptic Transmission/drug effects
- Synaptic Transmission/genetics
- Synaptic Transmission/physiology
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Laumonnier
- INSERM U619 Génétique de l'autisme et des déficiences mentales, Laboratoire de Génétique chromosomique, CHR La Source-BP86709-45067 Orléans cedex 2, France
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Martin L, Pissard S, Blanc P, Chassaing N, Legac E, Briault S, Le Bert M, Le Saux O. Augmentation de l’hémoglobine A2 au cours du pseudoxanthome élastique. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2006; 133:645-51. [PMID: 17053732 DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(06)70985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is normally associated with mutations in the ABCC6 gene. A PXE phenotype without mutations in ABCC6 has been described in Greek and Italian patients presenting with beta thalassemia. We attempted to determine the incidence of beta thalassemia in a cohort of French patients with PXE. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty patients with PXE were included in the study. Laboratory examinations comprised hemoglobin electrophoresis, ABCC6 gene study and in some studies: mutation analysis, beta-globin gene. RESULTS No cases of beta thalassemia were diagnosed in this cohort of French patients with PXE. However, 20% of the latter exhibited a significant but isolated (i.e. without microcytic anemia) increase of hemoglobin A2 (HbA2). Statistical comparisons showed no difference in terms of geographical origin or severity of PXE between patients with high levels of HbA2 and those with normal levels of HbA2 other than the extent of cutaneous involvement. Study of the beta-globin gene displayed mutations only in the two patients with the highest recorded levels of HbA2. ABCC6 + beta-globin digenism was ruled out of the pathogenesis of PXE. DISCUSSION The PXE phenotype seen in some patients with beta thalassemia appears to be associated with epigenetic modification of ABCC6 transcription and depends specifically on the beta globin locus. Isolated increase in HbA2 is probably a laboratory marker for PXE. Here again, a functional epigenetic reaction between ABCC6 and the beta-globin locus was suspected. However, these reciprocal interactions are clearly unequal since the change in ABCC6 transcription occurring during the course of beta thalassaemia is responsible for a PXE phenotype while increased HbA2 during the course of PXE has no clinical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Martin
- Consultation Multidisciplinaire PXE, CHR d'Orléans, Cedex, France.
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31
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Laumonnier F, Holbert S, Ronce N, Faravelli F, Lenzner S, Schwartz CE, Lespinasse J, Van Esch H, Lacombe D, Goizet C, Phan-Dinh Tuy F, van Bokhoven H, Fryns JP, Chelly J, Ropers HH, Moraine C, Hamel BCJ, Briault S. Mutations in PHF8 are associated with X linked mental retardation and cleft lip/cleft palate. J Med Genet 2006; 42:780-6. [PMID: 16199551 PMCID: PMC1735927 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2004.029439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Truncating mutations were found in the PHF8 gene (encoding the PHD finger protein 8) in two unrelated families with X linked mental retardation (XLMR) associated with cleft lip/palate (MIM 300263). Expression studies showed that this gene is ubiquitously transcribed, with strong expression of the mouse orthologue Phf8 in embryonic and adult brain structures. The coded PHF8 protein harbours two functional domains, a PHD finger and a JmjC (Jumonji-like C terminus) domain, implicating it in transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodelling. The association of XLMR and cleft lip/palate in these patients with mutations in PHF8 suggests an important function of PHF8 in midline formation and in the development of cognitive abilities, and links this gene to XLMR associated with cleft lip/palate. Further studies will explore the specific mechanisms whereby PHF8 alterations lead to mental retardation and midline defects.
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Paoloni-Giacobino A, Dahoun S, Briault S, Chalumeau A, Till M, Morraine C, Lespinasse J. Six cases of cryptic subtelomeric translocations in four families: the use of subtelomeric FISH probes as a diagnostic tool. Genet Couns 2006; 17:15-28. [PMID: 16719273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Finding the diagnosis in children with mental retardation and a normal karyotype, whether or not associated with dysmorphic features, is important for defining an eventual syndrome and for genetic counselling of the families. Telomeric re-arrangements may be a common and underestimated-to-date cause of non-syndromic mental retardation. Using a FISH-based approach combining subtelomeric probes, we report the detection of 4 cases of cryptic translocations t(2;10)(p25.3;q26.3), t(4;17)(p16.2;q25), t(4;20)(p16.2;q13) and t(5;7)(p15.3;q36) associated with MR and dysmorphic features. We discuss the usefulness of subtelomeric FISH in children with unexplained delayed psychomotor development, when the genetic cause remains unknown and the karyotype is normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paoloni-Giacobino
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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Forissier JE, Bonne G, Bouchier C, Duboscq-Bidot L, Richard P, Briault S, Moraine C, Dubourg O, Schwartz K, Komajda M. [Apical left ventricular aneurysm without atrio-ventricular block due to a lamin A/C gene mutation]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 2005; 98:67-70. [PMID: 15724423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mutations in LMNA gene encoding two ubiquitously expressed nuclear proteins, lamins A and C, give rise to up to 7 different pathologies affecting specific tissues. Three of these disorders affect cardiac and/or skeletal muscles with atrio-ventricular conduction disturbances, dilated cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death as common features. RESULTS A new LMNA mutation (1621C>T, R541C) was found in two members of a French family with a history of ventricular rhythm disturbances and an uncommon form of systolic left ventricle dysfunction. The two patients: the proband and his daughter, were affected and exhibited an atypical form of dilated cardiomyopathy with an unexplained left ventricle aneurysm revealed by ventricular rhythm disturbances without atrio-ventricular block. CONCLUSION This finding reinforces the highly variable phenotypic expression of LMNA mutation and emphasizes the fact that LMNA mutations can be associated with different cardiac phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Forissier
- Service de cardiologie, hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt.
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Muchir A, Medioni J, Laluc M, Massart C, Arimura T, van der Kooi AJ, Desguerre I, Mayer M, Ferrer X, Briault S, Hirano M, Worman HJ, Mallet A, Wehnert M, Schwartz K, Bonne G. Nuclear envelope alterations in fibroblasts from patients with muscular dystrophy, cardiomyopathy, and partial lipodystrophy carrying lamin A/C gene mutations. Muscle Nerve 2004; 30:444-50. [PMID: 15372542 DOI: 10.1002/mus.20122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in LMNA, the gene that encodes nuclear lamins A and C, cause up to eight different diseases collectively referred to as "laminopathies." These diseases affect striated muscle, adipose tissue, peripheral nerve, and bone, or cause features of premature aging. We investigated the consequences of LMNA mutations on nuclear architecture in skin fibroblasts from 13 patients with different laminopathies. Western-blotting showed that none of the mutations examined led to a decrease in cellular levels of lamin A or C. Regardless of the disease, we observed honeycomb nuclear structures and nuclear envelope blebs in cells examined by immunofluorescence microscopy. Concentrated foci of lamin A/C in the nucleoplasm were also observed. Only mutations in the head and tail domains of lamins A and C significantly altered the nuclear architecture of patient fibroblasts. These results confirm that mutations in lamins A and C may lead to a weakening of a structural support network in the nuclear envelope in fibroblasts and that nuclear architecture changes depend upon the location of the mutation in different domains of lamin A/C.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Muchir
- INSERM U582, Institut de Myologie, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Bâtiment Babinski, 47 boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris 75013, France
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Veltman JA, Yntema HG, Lugtenberg D, Arts H, Briault S, Huys EHLPG, Osoegawa K, de Jong P, Brunner HG, Geurts van Kessel A, van Bokhoven H, Schoenmakers EFPM. High resolution profiling of X chromosomal aberrations by array comparative genomic hybridisation. J Med Genet 2004; 41:425-32. [PMID: 15173227 PMCID: PMC1735810 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2004.018531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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36
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Pop R, Conz C, Lindenberg KS, Blesson S, Schmalenberger B, Briault S, Pfeifer D, Scherer G. Screening of the 1 Mb SOX9 5' control region by array CGH identifies a large deletion in a case of campomelic dysplasia with XY sex reversal. J Med Genet 2004; 41:e47. [PMID: 15060123 PMCID: PMC1735745 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2003.013185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Laumonnier F, Bonnet-Brilhault F, Gomot M, Blanc R, David A, Moizard MP, Raynaud M, Ronce N, Lemonnier E, Calvas P, Laudier B, Chelly J, Fryns JP, Ropers HH, Hamel BCJ, Andres C, Barthélémy C, Moraine C, Briault S. X-linked mental retardation and autism are associated with a mutation in the NLGN4 gene, a member of the neuroligin family. Am J Hum Genet 2004; 74:552-7. [PMID: 14963808 PMCID: PMC1182268 DOI: 10.1086/382137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2003] [Accepted: 12/11/2003] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A large French family including members affected by nonspecific X-linked mental retardation, with or without autism or pervasive developmental disorder in affected male patients, has been found to have a 2-base-pair deletion in the Neuroligin 4 gene (NLGN4) located at Xp22.33. This mutation leads to a premature stop codon in the middle of the sequence of the normal protein and is thought to suppress the transmembrane domain and sequences important for the dimerization of neuroligins that are required for proper cell-cell interaction through binding to beta-neurexins. As the neuroligins are mostly enriched at excitatory synapses, these results suggest that a defect in synaptogenesis may lead to deficits in cognitive development and communication processes. The fact that the deletion was present in both autistic and nonautistic mentally retarded males suggests that the NLGN4 gene is not only involved in autism, as previously described, but also in mental retardation, indicating that some types of autistic disorder and mental retardation may have common genetic origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Laumonnier
- INSERM U619—Génétique de l’Autisme et de la Déficience Mentale and INSERM U619—Service Explorations Fonctionnelles et Neurophysiologie en Pédopsychiatrie, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Biologie, CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France; Centre Inter Régional d’Etude et de Ressource sur l’Autisme, Brest, France; Service de Génétique, CHU Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France; INSERM U129—ICGM, CHU Cochin, Paris; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frédérique Bonnet-Brilhault
- INSERM U619—Génétique de l’Autisme et de la Déficience Mentale and INSERM U619—Service Explorations Fonctionnelles et Neurophysiologie en Pédopsychiatrie, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Biologie, CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France; Centre Inter Régional d’Etude et de Ressource sur l’Autisme, Brest, France; Service de Génétique, CHU Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France; INSERM U129—ICGM, CHU Cochin, Paris; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marie Gomot
- INSERM U619—Génétique de l’Autisme et de la Déficience Mentale and INSERM U619—Service Explorations Fonctionnelles et Neurophysiologie en Pédopsychiatrie, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Biologie, CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France; Centre Inter Régional d’Etude et de Ressource sur l’Autisme, Brest, France; Service de Génétique, CHU Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France; INSERM U129—ICGM, CHU Cochin, Paris; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Romuald Blanc
- INSERM U619—Génétique de l’Autisme et de la Déficience Mentale and INSERM U619—Service Explorations Fonctionnelles et Neurophysiologie en Pédopsychiatrie, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Biologie, CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France; Centre Inter Régional d’Etude et de Ressource sur l’Autisme, Brest, France; Service de Génétique, CHU Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France; INSERM U129—ICGM, CHU Cochin, Paris; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert David
- INSERM U619—Génétique de l’Autisme et de la Déficience Mentale and INSERM U619—Service Explorations Fonctionnelles et Neurophysiologie en Pédopsychiatrie, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Biologie, CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France; Centre Inter Régional d’Etude et de Ressource sur l’Autisme, Brest, France; Service de Génétique, CHU Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France; INSERM U129—ICGM, CHU Cochin, Paris; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Pierre Moizard
- INSERM U619—Génétique de l’Autisme et de la Déficience Mentale and INSERM U619—Service Explorations Fonctionnelles et Neurophysiologie en Pédopsychiatrie, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Biologie, CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France; Centre Inter Régional d’Etude et de Ressource sur l’Autisme, Brest, France; Service de Génétique, CHU Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France; INSERM U129—ICGM, CHU Cochin, Paris; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Raynaud
- INSERM U619—Génétique de l’Autisme et de la Déficience Mentale and INSERM U619—Service Explorations Fonctionnelles et Neurophysiologie en Pédopsychiatrie, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Biologie, CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France; Centre Inter Régional d’Etude et de Ressource sur l’Autisme, Brest, France; Service de Génétique, CHU Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France; INSERM U129—ICGM, CHU Cochin, Paris; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Ronce
- INSERM U619—Génétique de l’Autisme et de la Déficience Mentale and INSERM U619—Service Explorations Fonctionnelles et Neurophysiologie en Pédopsychiatrie, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Biologie, CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France; Centre Inter Régional d’Etude et de Ressource sur l’Autisme, Brest, France; Service de Génétique, CHU Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France; INSERM U129—ICGM, CHU Cochin, Paris; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Lemonnier
- INSERM U619—Génétique de l’Autisme et de la Déficience Mentale and INSERM U619—Service Explorations Fonctionnelles et Neurophysiologie en Pédopsychiatrie, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Biologie, CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France; Centre Inter Régional d’Etude et de Ressource sur l’Autisme, Brest, France; Service de Génétique, CHU Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France; INSERM U129—ICGM, CHU Cochin, Paris; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Calvas
- INSERM U619—Génétique de l’Autisme et de la Déficience Mentale and INSERM U619—Service Explorations Fonctionnelles et Neurophysiologie en Pédopsychiatrie, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Biologie, CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France; Centre Inter Régional d’Etude et de Ressource sur l’Autisme, Brest, France; Service de Génétique, CHU Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France; INSERM U129—ICGM, CHU Cochin, Paris; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Béatrice Laudier
- INSERM U619—Génétique de l’Autisme et de la Déficience Mentale and INSERM U619—Service Explorations Fonctionnelles et Neurophysiologie en Pédopsychiatrie, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Biologie, CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France; Centre Inter Régional d’Etude et de Ressource sur l’Autisme, Brest, France; Service de Génétique, CHU Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France; INSERM U129—ICGM, CHU Cochin, Paris; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jamel Chelly
- INSERM U619—Génétique de l’Autisme et de la Déficience Mentale and INSERM U619—Service Explorations Fonctionnelles et Neurophysiologie en Pédopsychiatrie, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Biologie, CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France; Centre Inter Régional d’Etude et de Ressource sur l’Autisme, Brest, France; Service de Génétique, CHU Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France; INSERM U129—ICGM, CHU Cochin, Paris; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Pierre Fryns
- INSERM U619—Génétique de l’Autisme et de la Déficience Mentale and INSERM U619—Service Explorations Fonctionnelles et Neurophysiologie en Pédopsychiatrie, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Biologie, CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France; Centre Inter Régional d’Etude et de Ressource sur l’Autisme, Brest, France; Service de Génétique, CHU Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France; INSERM U129—ICGM, CHU Cochin, Paris; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans-Hilger Ropers
- INSERM U619—Génétique de l’Autisme et de la Déficience Mentale and INSERM U619—Service Explorations Fonctionnelles et Neurophysiologie en Pédopsychiatrie, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Biologie, CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France; Centre Inter Régional d’Etude et de Ressource sur l’Autisme, Brest, France; Service de Génétique, CHU Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France; INSERM U129—ICGM, CHU Cochin, Paris; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben C. J. Hamel
- INSERM U619—Génétique de l’Autisme et de la Déficience Mentale and INSERM U619—Service Explorations Fonctionnelles et Neurophysiologie en Pédopsychiatrie, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Biologie, CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France; Centre Inter Régional d’Etude et de Ressource sur l’Autisme, Brest, France; Service de Génétique, CHU Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France; INSERM U129—ICGM, CHU Cochin, Paris; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Andres
- INSERM U619—Génétique de l’Autisme et de la Déficience Mentale and INSERM U619—Service Explorations Fonctionnelles et Neurophysiologie en Pédopsychiatrie, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Biologie, CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France; Centre Inter Régional d’Etude et de Ressource sur l’Autisme, Brest, France; Service de Génétique, CHU Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France; INSERM U129—ICGM, CHU Cochin, Paris; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine Barthélémy
- INSERM U619—Génétique de l’Autisme et de la Déficience Mentale and INSERM U619—Service Explorations Fonctionnelles et Neurophysiologie en Pédopsychiatrie, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Biologie, CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France; Centre Inter Régional d’Etude et de Ressource sur l’Autisme, Brest, France; Service de Génétique, CHU Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France; INSERM U129—ICGM, CHU Cochin, Paris; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Claude Moraine
- INSERM U619—Génétique de l’Autisme et de la Déficience Mentale and INSERM U619—Service Explorations Fonctionnelles et Neurophysiologie en Pédopsychiatrie, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Biologie, CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France; Centre Inter Régional d’Etude et de Ressource sur l’Autisme, Brest, France; Service de Génétique, CHU Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France; INSERM U129—ICGM, CHU Cochin, Paris; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvain Briault
- INSERM U619—Génétique de l’Autisme et de la Déficience Mentale and INSERM U619—Service Explorations Fonctionnelles et Neurophysiologie en Pédopsychiatrie, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Biologie, CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France; Centre Inter Régional d’Etude et de Ressource sur l’Autisme, Brest, France; Service de Génétique, CHU Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France; INSERM U129—ICGM, CHU Cochin, Paris; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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des Portes V, Boddaert N, Sacco S, Briault S, Maincent K, Bahi N, Gomot M, Ronce N, Bursztyn J, Adamsbaum C, Zilbovicius M, Chelly J, Moraine C. Specific clinical and brain MRI features in mentally retarded patients with mutations in theOligophrenin-1 gene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 124A:364-71. [PMID: 14735583 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Oligophrenin-1 (OPHN-1) gene disruption is known as responsible for so called "non-specific" X-linked mental retardation (MR) Billuart et al. [1998: Nature 392:923-926]. In order to search for a possible specific clinical and radiological profile for mutation in the OPHN-1 gene, clinical and 3D brain MRI studies were performed in the two families with a known mutation in OPHN-1 reported so far: a 19-year-old female with an X;12 balanced translocation encompassing OPHN-1, and four affected males of family MRX60 sharing a frameshift mutation in OPHN-1. Clinical data shared by affected individuals were neonatal hypotonia with motor delay but no obvious ataxia, marked strabismus, early onset complex partial seizures, and moderate to severe MR. Brain MRIs performed in three individuals exhibited a specific vermian dysgenesis including an incomplete sulcation of anterior and posterior vermis with the most prominent defect in lobules VI and VII. In addition, a non-specific cerebral cortico-subcortical atrophy was also observed. These clinical and radiological features suggest a distinct clinico-radiological syndrome. These preliminary data need to be confirmed in other families and will be helpful for further targeted mutation screening of the OPHN-1 gene in male patients with similar clinico-radiological features. In addition, OPHN-1 inactivation should be considered as a relevant model of developmental vermis disorganization, leading to a better understanding of the possible role of the cerebellum in MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent des Portes
- Service de Pédiatrie, HCL, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, 69395 Pierre-Bénite, France.
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Forissier JF, Bonne G, Bouchier C, Duboscq-Bidot L, Richard P, Wisnewski C, Briault S, Moraine C, Dubourg O, Schwartz K, Komajda M. Apical left ventricular aneurysm without atrio-ventricular block due to a lamin A/C gene mutation. Eur J Heart Fail 2003; 5:821-5. [PMID: 14675861 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-9842(03)00149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in LMNA gene encoding two ubiquitously expressed nuclear proteins, lamins A and C, give rise to up to 7 different pathologies affecting specific tissues. Three of these disorders affect cardiac and/or skeletal muscles with atrio-ventricular conduction disturbances, dilated cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death as common features. RESULTS A new LMNA mutation (1621C>T, R541C) was found in two members of a French family with a history of ventricular rhythm disturbances and an uncommon form of systolic left ventricle dysfunction. The two patients: the proband and his daughter, were affected and exhibited an atypical form of dilated cardiomyopathy with an unexplained left ventricle aneurysm revealed by ventricular rhythm disturbances without atrio-ventricular block. CONCLUSION This finding reinforces the highly variable phenotypic expression of LMNA mutation and emphasizes the fact that LMNA mutations can be associated with different cardiac phenotypes.
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Gomot M, Gendrot C, Verloes A, Raynaud M, David A, Yntema HG, Dessay S, Kalscheuer V, Frints S, Couvert P, Briault S, Blesson S, Toutain A, Chelly J, Desportes V, Moraine C. MECP2 gene mutations in non-syndromic X-linked mental retardation: Phenotype-genotype correlation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 123A:129-39. [PMID: 14598336 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Non-syndromic X-linked mental retardation (MRX) is a frequent cause of inherited mental retardation. It is a heterogeneous condition in which the first 12 genes discovered to date explain no more than 15% of the MRX situations ascertained by recurrence in multiplex families. In Rett syndrome (RTT), an X-linked dominant condition mostly sporadic and usually lethal in males, most affected females have been shown to be mutated in the Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 gene (MECP2) that maps at Xq28. Some mentally retarded males related to RTT females carry the same mutation. Several MRX families mapping to Xq28 were subsequently tested for MECP2 and a causative mutation was discovered in three families, suggesting that it could be one of the main genes involved in MRX. We report here the corresponding phenotypes in these three families of increasing severity. In family 1, an in-frame deletion DeltaP387-M466 was found in the 3' region. The patients had severe to mild non-progressive MR, with better motor skills than verbal abilities. In family 2, an Arg to Trp substitution (R167W) was found between the transcription repression domain (TRD) and the methyl binding domain (MBD). The patients had brisk reflexes and essential tremor with mild and non-progressive MR, poor motor co-ordination and written language difficulties. In the third family (MRX16), a Glu to Gly substitution (E137G) was found in the MBD. The patients had manifestations similar to those of family 2, but MR was mild to moderate, speech articulation was poor and some had verbal stereotypies. Regression of language skills was suspected in three patients. Phenotype-genotype correlation could thus be suspected and is discussed in these three families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Gomot
- Service de Génétique, CHU Bretomeau, INSERM U316, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours cedex, France.
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41
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Raynaud M, Dessay S, Ronce N, Opitz J, Pembrey M, Romano C, Moraine C, Briault S. Skewed X chromosome inactivation in carriers is not a constant finding in FG syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2003; 11:352-6. [PMID: 12700610 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic heterogeneity has been demonstrated in FG syndrome. We report a systematic study of the X-inactivation profile of obligate carriers and other females in FG pedigrees. It was expected that the characterization of particular X-inactivation profiles in carriers in some families might be related to the same mutated gene. Analysis of the X-inactivation profiles in carriers demonstrated different profiles but no correlation was found with the results of the linkage study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Raynaud
- Service de Génétique et INSERM U316, Hôpital Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours Cedex 1, France.
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Laumonnier F, Ronce N, Hamel BCJ, Thomas P, Lespinasse J, Raynaud M, Paringaux C, van Bokhoven H, Kalscheuer V, Fryns JP, Chelly J, Moraine C, Briault S. Transcription factor SOX3 is involved in X-linked mental retardation with growth hormone deficiency. Am J Hum Genet 2002; 71:1450-5. [PMID: 12428212 PMCID: PMC420004 DOI: 10.1086/344661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2002] [Accepted: 09/04/2002] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical mapping of the breakpoints of a pericentric inversion of the X chromosome (46,X,inv[X][p21q27]) in a female patient with mild mental retardation revealed localization of the Xp breakpoint in the IL1RAPL gene at Xp21.3 and the Xq breakpoint near the SOX3 gene (SRY [sex determining region Y]-box 3) (GenBank accession number NM_005634) at Xq26.3. Because carrier females with microdeletion in the IL1RAPL gene do not present any abnormal phenotype, we focused on the Xq breakpoint. However, we were unable to confirm the involvement of SOX3 in the mental retardation in this female patient. To validate SOX3 as an X-linked mental retardation (XLMR) gene, we performed mutation analyses in families with XLMR whose causative gene mapped to Xq26-q27. We show here that the SOX3 gene is involved in a large family in which affected individuals have mental retardation and growth hormone deficiency. The mutation results in an in-frame duplication of 33 bp encoding for 11 alanines in a polyalanine tract of the SOX3 gene. The expression pattern during neural and pituitary development suggests that dysfunction of the SOX3 protein caused by the polyalanine expansion might disturb transcription pathways and the regulation of genes involved in cellular processes and functions required for cognitive and pituitary development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Laumonnier
- Services de Génétique- and Pédopsychiatrie-INSERM U316, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, CH Chambéry, France; Max Planck Institue for Molekulare Genetik, Berlin; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; and Institut Cochin-CHU Cochin Port-Royal, Paris
| | - Nathalie Ronce
- Services de Génétique- and Pédopsychiatrie-INSERM U316, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, CH Chambéry, France; Max Planck Institue for Molekulare Genetik, Berlin; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; and Institut Cochin-CHU Cochin Port-Royal, Paris
| | - Ben C. J. Hamel
- Services de Génétique- and Pédopsychiatrie-INSERM U316, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, CH Chambéry, France; Max Planck Institue for Molekulare Genetik, Berlin; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; and Institut Cochin-CHU Cochin Port-Royal, Paris
| | - Paul Thomas
- Services de Génétique- and Pédopsychiatrie-INSERM U316, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, CH Chambéry, France; Max Planck Institue for Molekulare Genetik, Berlin; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; and Institut Cochin-CHU Cochin Port-Royal, Paris
| | - James Lespinasse
- Services de Génétique- and Pédopsychiatrie-INSERM U316, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, CH Chambéry, France; Max Planck Institue for Molekulare Genetik, Berlin; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; and Institut Cochin-CHU Cochin Port-Royal, Paris
| | - Martine Raynaud
- Services de Génétique- and Pédopsychiatrie-INSERM U316, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, CH Chambéry, France; Max Planck Institue for Molekulare Genetik, Berlin; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; and Institut Cochin-CHU Cochin Port-Royal, Paris
| | - Christine Paringaux
- Services de Génétique- and Pédopsychiatrie-INSERM U316, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, CH Chambéry, France; Max Planck Institue for Molekulare Genetik, Berlin; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; and Institut Cochin-CHU Cochin Port-Royal, Paris
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Services de Génétique- and Pédopsychiatrie-INSERM U316, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, CH Chambéry, France; Max Planck Institue for Molekulare Genetik, Berlin; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; and Institut Cochin-CHU Cochin Port-Royal, Paris
| | - Vera Kalscheuer
- Services de Génétique- and Pédopsychiatrie-INSERM U316, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, CH Chambéry, France; Max Planck Institue for Molekulare Genetik, Berlin; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; and Institut Cochin-CHU Cochin Port-Royal, Paris
| | - Jean-Pierre Fryns
- Services de Génétique- and Pédopsychiatrie-INSERM U316, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, CH Chambéry, France; Max Planck Institue for Molekulare Genetik, Berlin; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; and Institut Cochin-CHU Cochin Port-Royal, Paris
| | - Jamel Chelly
- Services de Génétique- and Pédopsychiatrie-INSERM U316, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, CH Chambéry, France; Max Planck Institue for Molekulare Genetik, Berlin; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; and Institut Cochin-CHU Cochin Port-Royal, Paris
| | - Claude Moraine
- Services de Génétique- and Pédopsychiatrie-INSERM U316, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, CH Chambéry, France; Max Planck Institue for Molekulare Genetik, Berlin; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; and Institut Cochin-CHU Cochin Port-Royal, Paris
| | - Sylvain Briault
- Services de Génétique- and Pédopsychiatrie-INSERM U316, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, CH Chambéry, France; Max Planck Institue for Molekulare Genetik, Berlin; Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium; and Institut Cochin-CHU Cochin Port-Royal, Paris
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43
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Molinari F, Rio M, Meskenaite V, Encha-Razavi F, Augé J, Bacq D, Briault S, Vekemans M, Munnich A, Attié-Bitach T, Sonderegger P, Colleaux L. Truncating neurotrypsin mutation in autosomal recessive nonsyndromic mental retardation. Science 2002; 298:1779-81. [PMID: 12459588 DOI: 10.1126/science.1076521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A 4-base pair deletion in the neuronal serine protease neurotrypsin gene was associated with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic mental retardation (MR). In situ hybridization experiments on human fetal brains showed that neurotrypsin was highly expressed in brain structures involved in learning and memory. Immuno-electron microscopy on adult human brain sections revealed that neurotrypsin is located in presynaptic nerve endings, particularly over the presynaptic membrane lining the synaptic cleft. These findings suggest that neurotrypsin-mediated proteolysis is required for normal synaptic function and suggest potential insights into the pathophysiological bases of mental retardation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Molinari
- Unité de Recherches sur les Handicaps Génétiques de l'Enfant, INSERM U-393, et Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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44
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Gilardi JL, Perrotin F, Paillet C, Blesson S, Cave H, Briault S, Moraine C. Prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 21 by i(21q): a rare case of fetoplacental chromosomal discrepancy. Prenat Diagn 2002; 22:856-8. [PMID: 12378564 DOI: 10.1002/pd.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A study was conducted to explain the mechanism of an unusual discrepancy between short- and long-term culture examination methods of chorionic villus sampling (CVS). METHOD In a 29-year-old Caucasian woman, transabdominal CVS was carried out at 12 weeks of gestation. Non-mosaic karyotype 46,XX,i(21q) was found on long-term CVS culture but number and morphology of chromosomes were normal on short-term culture, amniocyte culture, hygroma colli fluid and fetal fibroblast. RESULTS Chromosomal aberration probably appeared after the trophoblast cell line differentiation, four days after fertilization, by means of a 21 centromere misdivision and formation of a i(21q) with secondary positive selection of the 46,XX,i(21q) cell line and loss of the 46,XX in the fetus. CONCLUSION The restricted number of cases with this type of discrepancy limits the possibility of drawing generalised conclusions. In case of discrepancy, we recommend confirmation by amniocentesis or by fetal blood combined with sonographic examination to provide a more definitive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Gilardi
- Genetic Service, University Medicaal Centre, Hospital Bretnneau, Tours, France
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45
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Dessay S, Moizard MP, Gilardi JL, Opitz JM, Middleton-Price H, Pembrey M, Moraine C, Briault S. FG syndrome: linkage analysis in two families supporting a new gene localization at Xp22.3 [FGS3]. Am J Med Genet 2002; 112:6-11. [PMID: 12239712 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.10546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
FG syndrome (OMIM 305450) is an X-linked condition comprising mental retardation, congenital hypotonia, constipation or anal malformations, and a distinctive appearance with disproportionately large head, tall and broad forehead, cowlicks and telecanthus. In a first linkage analysis carried out on 10 families, we demonstrated heterogeneity and assigned one gene [FGS1] to region Xq12-q21.31 [Briault et al., 1997: Am J Med Genet 73:87-90] corroborated by Graham et al. [1998: Am J Med Genet 80:145-156]. Heterogeneity was supported by the study of one family with apparent FG syndrome co-segregating with an inversion of X chromosome [inv(X)(q11q28)] ([FGS2], OMIM 300321) [Briault et al., 1999: Am J Med Genet 86:112-114 and Briault et al., 2000: Am J Med Genet 95:178-181]. We present the results of a new linkage analysis carried out on two families with FG syndrome. The two earlier known loci for FG syndrome, FGS1 and FGS2 (Xq11 or Xq28) were excluded by multipoint analysis of both families. Linkage was found, however, with locus DXS1060 suggesting that a third FG locus might be located at Xp22.3. In this region, two potential candidate genes, VCX-A and PRKX, were excluded by sequence analysis of the coding region in patients of the two reported FG families. The search for new candidate genes is in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Dessay
- Service de Génétique, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France.
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46
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Gilbert B, Yardin C, Briault S, Belin V, Lienhardt A, Aubard Y, Battin J, Servaud M, Philippe HJ, Lacombe D. Prenatal diagnosis of female monozygotic twins discordant for Turner syndrome: implications for prenatal genetic counselling. Prenat Diagn 2002; 22:697-702. [PMID: 12210579 DOI: 10.1002/pd.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We describe a set of monozygotic (MZ) female twins, one of whom presented with a typical Turner syndrome (TS) phenotype and the other a normal female phenotype. Prenatal fetal ultrasonographic examination showed a monochorial diamniotic pregnancy with a hygroma colli and growth delay in Twin A and no anomalies in Twin B. Karyotypic analysis performed on fetal blood samples demonstrated a 46,XX/45,X (23/2) mosaicism in Twin A and a normal 46,XX chromosome constitution in Twin B. At birth, Twin A presented with a typical TS and Twin B had a normal female phenotype. Postnatal cytogenetic investigation of blood lymphocytes showed the same 46,XX/45,X mosaicism in both twins: 46,XX/45,X (40/7) in Twin A and 46,XX/45,X (40/5) in Twin B. Further investigations at the age of 10 months showed in Twin A a 46,XX/45,X (98/2) mosaicism in lymphocytes and 100% of 45,X (50 analysed cells) in fibroblasts, and in Twin B a normal 46,XX (100 analysed cells) chromosome constitution in lymphocytes but a mild 46,XX/45,X (78/2) mosaicism in fibroblasts. Monozygosity was confirmed by molecular analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of prenatal diagnosis of MZ female twins discordant for TS. Review of reported sets of MZ female twins (eight cases) or triplets (one case) discordant for TS shows, as in the present case, that the phenotype correlates better with the chromosomal distribution of mosaicism in fibroblasts than in lymphocytes. In the blood of MZ twins chimerism may modify the initial allocation of the mosaicism. These results suggest that, in cases of prenatal diagnosis of MZ female twins discordant for TS, the phenotype of each twin would be better predicted from karyotype analysis of cells from amniotic fluid than from fetal blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gilbert
- Centre Pluridisciplinaire de Diagnostic Prénatal, CHRU Dupuytren, Limoges, France.
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47
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Couvert P, Bienvenu T, Aquaviva C, Poirier K, Moraine C, Gendrot C, Verloes A, Andrès C, Le Fevre AC, Souville I, Steffann J, des Portes V, Ropers HH, Yntema HG, Fryns JP, Briault S, Chelly J, Cherif B. MECP2 is highly mutated in X-linked mental retardation. Hum Mol Genet 2001; 10:941-6. [PMID: 11309367 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/10.9.941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the recent discovery that the methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene located on Xq28 is involved in Rett syndrome (RTT), a wild spectrum of phenotypes, including mental handicap, has been shown to be associated with mutations in MECP2. These findings, with the compelling genetic evidence suggesting the presence in Xq28 of additional genes besides RabGDI1 and FMR2 involved in non-specific X-linked mental retardation (MRX), prompted us to investigate MECP2 in MRX families. Two novel mutations, not found in RTT, were identified. The first mutation, an E137G, was identified in the MRX16 family, and the second, R167W, was identified in a new mental retardation (MR) family shown to be linked to Xq28. In view of these data, we screened MECP2 in a cohort of 185 patients found negative for the expansions across the FRAXA CGG repeat and reported the identification of mutations in four sporadic cases of MR. One of the mutations, A140V, which we found in two patients, has been described previously, whereas the two others, P399L and R453Q, are novel mutations. In addition to the results demonstrating the involvement of MECP2 in MRX, this study shows that the frequency of mutations in MECP2 in the mentally retarded population screened for the fragile X syndrome is comparable to the frequency of the CGG expansions in FMR1. Therefore, implementation of systematic screening of MECP2 in MR patients should result in significant progress in the field of molecular diagnosis and genetic counseling of mental handicap.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Couvert
- INSERM Unité 129-ICGM, CHU Cochin 24 Rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
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Gekas J, Thepot F, Turleau C, Siffroi JP, Dadoune JP, Briault S, Rio M, Bourouillou G, Carré-Pigeon F, Wasels R, Benzacken B. Chromosomal factors of infertility in candidate couples for ICSI: an equal risk of constitutional aberrations in women and men. Hum Reprod 2001; 16:82-90. [PMID: 11139542 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/16.1.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in French candidates for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and to explore the existence of a female chromosomal factor in some cases of couple infertility, a collaborative retrospective clinical and cytogenetic study was performed, launched by the Association des Cytogénéticiens de Langue Franciaise (ACLF). The karyotypes of 3208 patients [2196 men (68.4%), 1012 (31.6%) women] included in ICSI programmes over a 3-year period in France were collected. A total of 183 aberrant karyotypes was diagnosed, corresponding to an abnormality frequency of 6.1% (134/2196) for men and 4.84% (49/1012) for women. The following frequencies of abnormalities were observed respectively for men and women: 1.23% (n = 27) and 0.69% (n = 7) for reciprocal translocations, 0.82% (n = 18) and 0.69% (n = 7) for Robertsonian translocations, 0.13% (n = 3) and 0.69% (n = 7) for inversions, 3.32% (n = 73) and 2.77% (n = 28) for numerical sex chromosome aberrations, and 0.59% (n = 13) and 0% for other structural aberrations. Among the male patients of this latter group, 0.40% (n = 9) had a Y chromosome abnormality. Among the male patients with numerical sex chromosome abnormalities, 2.23% (n = 49) were 47,XXY, 0.32% (n = 7) were 47,XYY, and 0.77% (n = 17) had a mosaicism for numerical sex chromosome anomalies. All the female patients with sex chromosome abnormalities (2.77%, n = 28) had mosaicism for numerical sex chromosome anomalies. Even if these cases-the significance of which was sometimes questioned-were disregarded in the analysis, 2.08% (21/1012) of abnormal karyotypes remained in women. An overall increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations was found, and this confirmed that in some cases of poor reproductive outcome there may be a contribution of maternal chromosome aberrations. Indeed, the existence of a chromosome abnormality in the female partner was associated with the group of infertile men in which there was no apparent cause of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gekas
- Department of Cytogenetics, University Hospital of Amiens, Italy
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Briault S, Villard L, Rogner U, Coy J, Odent S, Lucas J, Passage E, Zhu D, Shrimpton A, Pembrey M, Till M, Guichet A, Dessay S, Fontes M, Poustka A, Moraine C. Mapping of X chromosome inversion breakpoints [inv(X)(q11q28)] associated with FG syndrome: a second FG locus [FGS2]? Am J Med Genet 2000; 95:178-81. [PMID: 11078572 DOI: 10.1002/1096-8628(20001113)95:2<178::aid-ajmg17>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
FG syndrome is an X-linked condition comprising mental retardation, congenital hypotonia, macrocephaly, distinctive facial changes, and constipation or anal malformations. In a linkage analysis, we mapped a major FG syndrome locus [FGS1] to Xq13, between loci DXS135 and DXS1066. The same data, however, clearly demonstrated genetic heterogeneity. Recently, we studied a French family in which an inversion [inv(X)(q12q28)] segregates with clinical symptoms of FG syndrome. This suggests that one of the breakpoints corresponds to a second FG syndrome locus [FGS2]. We report the results of fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis performed in this family using YACs and cosmids encompassing the Xq11q12 and Xq28 regions. Two YACs, one positive for the DXS1 locus at Xq11.2 and one positive for the color vision pigment genes and G6PD loci at Xq28, were found to cross the breakpoints, respectively. We postulate that a gene might be disrupted by one of the breakpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Briault
- Service de Génétique, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France.
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Lossi AM, Colleaux L, Chiaroni P, Fontes M, Villard L, Abidi F, Schwartz C, Briault S, Moraine C. Exclusion of nine candidate genes for their involvement in X-linked FG syndrome (FGS1) in three families. Am J Med Genet 2000; 94:386-8. [PMID: 11050623 DOI: 10.1002/1096-8628(20001023)94:5<386::aid-ajmg8>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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