1
|
YE J, LI X, PAN Z, WU Z, ZHU Y, ZHANG W, LU J, XU S, QIN P, LIU Y, LI Y, LING Y, FANG F. Grid1 regulates the onset of puberty in female rats. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:497-506. [PMID: 38479882 PMCID: PMC11144544 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the effect of Grid1, encoding the glutamate ionotropic receptor delta type subunit 1 (GluD1), on puberty onset in female rats. Grid1 mRNA and protein expression was detected in the hypothalamus of female rats at prepuberty and puberty. The levels of Grid1 mRNA in the hypothalamus, the fluorescence intensity in the arcuate nucleus and paraventricular nucleus of the prepubertal rats was significantly lower than pubertal. Additionally, the expression of Grid1 was suppressed in primary hypothalamus cells and prepubertal rat. Finally, investigated the effect of Grid1 knockdown on puberty onset and reproductive performance. Treatment of hypothalamic neurons with LV-Grid1 decreased the level of Grid1 and Rfrp-3 (encoding RFamide-related peptide 3) mRNA expression, but increased the Gnrh (encoding gonadotropin-releasing hormone) mRNA levels. After an ICV injection, the time for the rat vaginal opening occurred earlier. Moreover, Gnrh mRNA expression was increased, whereas Rfrp-3 mRNA expression was decreased in the hypothalamus. The concentration of progesterone (P4) in the serum was significantly decreased compare with control group. Ovary hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed that the LV-Grid1 group mainly contained primary and secondary follicles. The reproductive performance of the rats was not affected by the Grid1 knockdown. Therefore, Grid1 may affect the onset of puberty in female rats by regulating the levels of Gnrh, and Rfrp-3 in the hypothalamus, as well as the concentrations of P4, but not reproduction performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing YE
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui,
China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoqian LI
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui,
China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui, China
| | - Zhihao PAN
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui,
China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui, China
| | - Zhuoya WU
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui,
China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui, China
| | - Yanyun ZHU
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui,
China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui, China
| | - Wei ZHANG
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui,
China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui, China
| | - Juntai LU
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Anhui, China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui, China
| | - Shuangshuang XU
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui,
China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui, China
| | - Ping QIN
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui,
China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui, China
| | - Ya LIU
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui,
China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Anhui, China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui, China
| | - Yunsheng LI
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui,
China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Anhui, China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui, China
| | - Yinghui LING
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui,
China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Anhui, China
| | - Fugui FANG
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui,
China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Anhui, China
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Romaniuk E, Vera B, Peraza P, Ciappesoni G, Damián JP, Van Lier E. Identification of Candidate Genes and Pathways Linked to the Temperament Trait in Sheep. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:229. [PMID: 38397218 PMCID: PMC10887918 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Temperament can be defined as the emotional variability among animals of the same species in response to the same stimulus, grouping animals by their reactivity as nervous, intermediate, or calm. Our goal was to identify genomic regions with the temperament phenotype measured by the Isolation Box Test (IBT) by single-step genome-wide association studies (ssGWAS). The database consisted of 4317 animals with temperament records, and 1697 genotyped animals with 38,268 effective Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) after quality control. We identified three genomic regions that explained the greatest percentage of the genetic variance, resulting in 25 SNP associated with candidate genes on chromosomes 6, 10, and 21. A total of nine candidate genes are reported for the temperament trait, which is: PYGM, SYVN1, CAPN1, FADS1, SYT7, GRID2, GPRIN3, EEF1A1 and FRY, linked to the energetic activity of the organism, synaptic transmission, meat tenderness, and calcium associated activities. This is the first study to identify these genetic variants associated with temperament in sheep, which could be used as molecular markers in future behavioral research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Romaniuk
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Avda. Garzón 780, Montevideo 12900, Uruguay;
- Estación Experimental Facultad de Agronomía Salto, Ruta 31, km 21, Salto 50000, Uruguay
| | - Brenda Vera
- Sistema Ganadero Extensivo, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, INIA Las Brujas, Ruta 48, km 10, Canelones 90200, Uruguay; (B.V.); (P.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Pablo Peraza
- Sistema Ganadero Extensivo, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, INIA Las Brujas, Ruta 48, km 10, Canelones 90200, Uruguay; (B.V.); (P.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Gabriel Ciappesoni
- Sistema Ganadero Extensivo, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, INIA Las Brujas, Ruta 48, km 10, Canelones 90200, Uruguay; (B.V.); (P.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Juan Pablo Damián
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Ruta 8, km 18, Montevideo 13000, Uruguay;
- Núcleo de Bienestar Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Ruta 8, km 18, Montevideo 13000, Uruguay
| | - Elize Van Lier
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Avda. Garzón 780, Montevideo 12900, Uruguay;
- Estación Experimental Facultad de Agronomía Salto, Ruta 31, km 21, Salto 50000, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang W, Wang Y, Liu Y, Cao G, Di R, Wang J, Chu M. Polymorphism and expression of GLUD1 in relation to reproductive performance in Jining Grey goats. Arch Anim Breed 2023; 66:411-419. [PMID: 38205377 PMCID: PMC10776882 DOI: 10.5194/aab-66-411-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanism of mammalian reproduction (puberty and prolificacy) will play a part in improving animal reproductive performance. GLUD1 (glutamate dehydrogenase 1) is important for mammalian reproduction, as shown in previous studies; however, its roles in puberty and prolificacy have rarely been reported. In this study, we designed seven pairs of primers (P1 to P7) for cloning and sequencing genomic DNA of Jining Grey goats and Liaoning Cashmere goats. Primer 8 (P8) was designed to detect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the GLUD1 in both sexually precocious and high-fecundity breeds (Jining Grey, Nanjiang Brown and Matou goats) and sexually late-maturing and low-fecundity breeds (Liaoning Cashmere, Inner Mongolia Cashmere and Taihang goats) by PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism). The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) technique was used to detect the expression of GLUD1 in a variety of tissues. The results showed that the A197C mutation was only found in the amplification product of P6. For this SNP locus, only two genotypes (AA and AC) were detected in Nanjiang Brown goats, while three genotypes (AA, AC and CC) were detected in the other five breeds. In Jining Grey goats, the frequency of genotypes AA, AC and CC was 0.69, 0.26 and 0.05, respectively. In Jining Grey goats, AA genotype had 0.54 (P < 0.05 ) and 0.3 (P < 0.05 ) more kids than the CC and AC genotype, respectively, and no significant difference (P > 0.05 ) was found in kidding number between the AC and CC genotype. GLUD1 was expressed in five tissues of different developmental stages. The expression level of GLUD1 in the hypothalamus was higher than that in the other four tissues except during puberty of Liaoning Cashmere goats. In puberty in goats, GLUD1 expression was significantly higher in ovaries than that in the juvenile period (P < 0.01 ). RT-qPCR results showed that the expression of GLUD1 in ovaries may relate to the puberty of goats. The present study preliminarily indicated that there might be an association between the 197 locus of GLUD1 and sexual precocity in goats, and allele A of GLUD1 was a potential DNA marker for improving kidding number in Jining Grey goats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongjuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guiling Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ran Di
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mingxing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fang X, Yang S, Chen M, Sun R, Zhao L, Gu B, Zhang J, Huang D, Zheng T, Zhao Y, Peng P, Zhao Y. Association analysis of polymorphisms at GLRB, GRIA2, and GASK1B genes with reproductive traits in Dazu Black Goats. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:4721-4729. [PMID: 36927330 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2187406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive traits are essential economic traits in goats. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the genes of GLRB, GRIA2, and GASK1B, and reproductive traits (kidding traits and placental traits) in goats. We used the resequencing data of 150 Dazu Black Goats to perform correlation analysis with the average litter size. We screened thirteen SNPs loci in introns and then used the Sanger method to genotype the remaining 150 Dazu Black Goats. The results showed that a total of six SNPs were screened. Three SNPs related to litter size and live litter size (g.28985790T > G, g.28986352A > G, and g.28987976A > G); one SNP related to total cotyledon area (g.29203243G > A); two SNPs related to placental efficiency (g.30189055G > A and g.30193974C > T); one SNP associated with cotyledon support efficiency (g.30193974C > T). The qPCR results showed that GLRB, GRIA2, and GASK1B were all highly expressed in the udder, kidney, uterus, and ovary. It indicated that these three candidate genes might affect the reproductive traits, which could be used as candidate markers for reproductive traits in Dazu Black Goats. Moreover, association studies on a large scale are still needed to figure out what effect these SNPs have on reproductive traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingqiang Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing, China
| | - Songjian Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing, China
| | - Meixi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruifan Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing, China
| | - Le Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing, China
| | - Bowen Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing, China
| | - Jipan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing, China
| | - Deli Huang
- Tengda Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | | | - Yuanping Zhao
- Dazu County Agriculture and Rural Committee, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Tengda Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Yongju Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Soares ACS, Alves JPM, Fernandes CCL, Silva MRL, Conde AJH, Teixeira DÍA, Rondina D. Use of monosodium-glutamate as a novel dietary supplement strategy for ovarian stimulation in goats. Anim Reprod 2023; 20:e20230094. [PMID: 38026004 PMCID: PMC10681136 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the reproductive effects of adding monosodium glutamate (MSG) to the diet of goats. Eleven adult goats received synchronized estrus and follicular waves using three prostaglandin analog injections every seven days. Goats allocated to individual pens received 1 g/kg BW of MSG in their diet for 23 days (MOGLU group, n = 6), whereas the control group (n = 5) maintained the base diet. The supplemented animals showed an increase in dry matter intake (P < 0.0001) and a reduction in heart rate (P < 0.05), respiratory rate, and ruminal movement (P < 0.001). Surface and rectal temperatures were higher in the MOGLU group, (P < 0.0001) with a significant increase in the afternoon. There was an increase (P < 0.05) in the frequency of behaviors related to rumination, defecation, and urination in the MOGLU group, and a reduction in behaviors associated with stress (P < 0.05). No differences were observed in the plasma levels of proteins, albumin, urea, cholesterol, or triglycerides. Glucose levels were lower (P < 0.05) in the MOGLU group, which also showed increased glutathione peroxide levels during the induction of ovulation. Supplemented animals recorded a larger number (P < 0.05) of follicles throughout the experimental period and higher intraovarian blood perfusion (P < 0.05) during ovulation induction. We conclude that MSG exerts a positive effect on the reproductive response in goats and therefore represents an effective nutritional supplement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Davide Rondina
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fang X, Gu B, Chen M, Sun R, Zhang J, Zhao L, Zhao Y. Genome-Wide Association Study of the Reproductive Traits of the Dazu Black Goat ( Capra hircus) Using Whole-Genome Resequencing. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1960. [PMID: 37895309 PMCID: PMC10606515 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproductive traits are the basic economic traits of goats and important indicators in goat breeding. In this study, Dazu black goats (DBGs; n = 150), an important Chinese local goat breed with excellent reproductive performance, were used to screen for important variation loci and genes of reproductive traits. Through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), 18 SNPs were found to be associated with kidding traits (average litter size, average litter size in the first three parity, and average litter size in the first six parity), and 10 SNPs were associated with udder traits (udder depth, teat diameter, teat length, and supernumerary teat). After gene annotation of the associated SNPs and in combination with relevant references, the candidate genes, namely ATP1A1, LRRC4C, SPCS2, XRRA1, CELF4, NTM, TMEM45B, ATE1, and FGFR2, were associated with udder traits, while the ENSCHIG00000017110, SLC9A8, GLRB, GRIA2, GASK1B, and ENSCHIG00000026285 genes were associated with litter size. These SNPs and candidate genes can provide useful biological information for improvement of the reproductive traits of goats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingqiang Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.F.); (B.G.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Bowen Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.F.); (B.G.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Meixi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.F.); (B.G.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ruifan Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.F.); (B.G.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jipan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.F.); (B.G.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Le Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.F.); (B.G.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yongju Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.F.); (B.G.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing 400715, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Buo C, Bearss RJ, Novak AG, Anello AE, Dakin JJ, Piet R. Serotonin stimulates female preoptic area kisspeptin neurons via activation of type 2 serotonin receptors in mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1212854. [PMID: 37900129 PMCID: PMC10602649 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1212854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The neuroendocrine control of ovulation is orchestrated by neuronal circuits that ultimately drive the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus to trigger the preovulatory surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. While estrogen feedback signals are determinant in triggering activation of GnRH neurons, through stimulation of afferent kisspeptin neurons in the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle (RP3VKISS1 neurons), many neuropeptidergic and classical neurotransmitter systems have been shown to regulate the LH surge. Among these, several lines of evidence indicate that the monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) has an excitatory, permissive, influence over the generation of the surge, via activation of type 2 5-HT (5-HT2) receptors. The mechanisms through which this occurs, however, are not well understood. We hypothesized that 5-HT exerts its influence on the surge by stimulating RP3VKISS1 neurons in a 5-HT2 receptor-dependent manner. Methods We tested this using kisspeptin neuron-specific calcium imaging and electrophysiology in brain slices obtained from male and female mice. Results We show that exogenous 5-HT reversibly increases the activity of the majority of RP3VKISS1 neurons. This effect is more prominent in females than in males, is likely mediated directly at RP3VKISS1 neurons and requires activation of 5-HT2 receptors. The functional impact of 5-HT on RP3VKISS1 neurons, however, does not significantly vary during the estrous cycle. Conclusion Taken together, these data suggest that 5-HT2 receptor-mediated stimulation of RP3VKISS1 neuron activity might be involved in mediating the influence of 5-HT on the preovulatory LH surge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Buo
- Brain Health Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Robin J. Bearss
- Brain Health Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Alyssa G. Novak
- Brain Health Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Anna E. Anello
- Brain Health Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Jordan J. Dakin
- Brain Health Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Richard Piet
- Brain Health Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Luna-Garcia LA, Meza-Herrera CA, Perez-Marin CC, De Santiago-Miramontes A, Flores-Salas JM, Corona R, Calderon-Leyva G, Veliz-Deras FG, Navarrete-Molina C, Marin-Tinoco RI. Targeted Glutamate Supply Boosts Insulin Concentrations, Ovarian Activity, and Ovulation Rate in Yearling Goats during the Anestrous Season. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1041. [PMID: 37508470 PMCID: PMC10376528 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The neuroendocrine regulation of the seasonal reproductive axis requires the integration of internal and external signals to ensure synchronized physiological and behavioral responses. Seasonal reproductive changes contribute to intermittent production, which poses challenges for optimizing goat product yields. Consequently, a significant objective in seasonal reproduction research is to attain continuous reproduction and enhance profitability in goat farming. Glutamate plays a crucial role as a modulator in several reproductive and metabolic processes. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential impact of exogenous glutamate administration on serum insulin concentration and ovarian function during the out-of-season period in yearling goats. During the anestrous season, animals were randomly located in individual pens to form two experimental groups: (1) glutamate (n = 10, live weight (LW) = 29.1 ± 1.02 kg, body condition score (BCS) = 3.4 ± 0.2 units) and (2) control (n = 10; LW = 29.2 ± 1.07 kg, BCS = 3.5 ± 0.2), with no differences (p < 0.05) regarding LW and BCS. Then, goats were estrus-synchronized, and blood sampling was carried out for insulin quantification. Ovaries were ultrasonographically scanned to assess ovulation rate (OR), number of antral follicles (AFs), and total ovarian activity (TOA = OR + AF). The research outcomes support our working hypothesis. Certainly, our study confirms that those yearling goats treated with exogenous glutamate displayed the largest (p < 0.05) insulin concentrations across time as well as an augmented (p < 0.05) out-of-season ovarian activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Luna-Garcia
- Unidad Regional Universitaria de Zonas Aridas, Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, Bermejillo, Durango 35230, Mexico
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Cesar A Meza-Herrera
- Unidad Regional Universitaria de Zonas Aridas, Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, Bermejillo, Durango 35230, Mexico
| | - Carlos C Perez-Marin
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Angeles De Santiago-Miramontes
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias en Produccioon Agropecuaria, Universidad Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Periferico Raúl López Sanchez y Carretera a Santa Fe, Torreon 27054, Mexico
| | - Jessica M Flores-Salas
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias en Produccioon Agropecuaria, Universidad Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Periferico Raúl López Sanchez y Carretera a Santa Fe, Torreon 27054, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Corona
- Departamento de Neurobiologia Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Neuroanatomia Funcional y Neuroendocrinologia, Instituto de Neurobiologia, UNAM, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Calderon-Leyva
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias en Produccioon Agropecuaria, Universidad Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Periferico Raúl López Sanchez y Carretera a Santa Fe, Torreon 27054, Mexico
| | - Francisco G Veliz-Deras
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias en Produccioon Agropecuaria, Universidad Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Periferico Raúl López Sanchez y Carretera a Santa Fe, Torreon 27054, Mexico
| | - Cayetano Navarrete-Molina
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Technological University of Rodeo, Durango 35760, Mexico
| | - Ruben I Marin-Tinoco
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Technological University of Rodeo, Durango 35760, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Villa PA, Lainez NM, Jonak CR, Berlin SC, Ethell IM, Coss D. Altered GnRH neuron and ovarian innervation characterize reproductive dysfunction linked to the Fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein ( Fmr1) gene mutation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1129534. [PMID: 36909303 PMCID: PMC9992745 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1129534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mutations in the Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMR1) gene cause Fragile X Syndrome, the most common monogenic cause of intellectual disability. Mutations of FMR1 are also associated with reproductive disorders, such as early cessation of reproductive function in females. While progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of mental impairment, the causes of reproductive disorders are not clear. FMR1-associated reproductive disorders were studied exclusively from the endocrine perspective, while the FMR1 role in neurons that control reproduction was not addressed. Results Here, we demonstrate that similar to women with FMR1 mutations, female Fmr1 null mice stop reproducing early. However, young null females display larger litters, more corpora lutea in the ovaries, increased inhibin, progesterone, testosterone, and gonadotropin hormones in the circulation. Ovariectomy reveals both hypothalamic and ovarian contribution to elevated gonadotropins. Altered mRNA and protein levels of several synaptic molecules in the hypothalamus are identified, indicating reasons for hypothalamic dysregulation. Increased vascularization of corpora lutea, higher sympathetic innervation of growing follicles in the ovaries of Fmr1 nulls, and higher numbers of synaptic GABAA receptors in GnRH neurons, which are excitatory for GnRH neurons, contribute to increased FSH and LH, respectively. Unmodified and ovariectomized Fmr1 nulls have increased LH pulse frequency, suggesting that Fmr1 nulls exhibit hyperactive GnRH neurons, regardless of the ovarian feedback. Conclusion These results reveal Fmr1 function in the regulation of GnRH neuron secretion, and point to the role of GnRH neurons, in addition to the ovarian innervation, in the etiology of Fmr1-mediated reproductive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Djurdjica Coss
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Luna-García LA, Meza-Herrera CA, Pérez-Marín CC, Corona R, Luna-Orozco JR, Véliz-Deras FG, Delgado-Gonzalez R, Rodriguez-Venegas R, Rosales-Nieto CA, Bustamante-Andrade JA, Gutierrez-Guzman UN. Goats as Valuable Animal Model to Test the Targeted Glutamate Supplementation upon Antral Follicle Number, Ovulation Rate, and LH-Pulsatility. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071015. [PMID: 36101396 PMCID: PMC9311901 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The potential effect of intravenous administration of glutamate on the ovarian activity and the LH secretion pattern, considering the anestrous yearling goat as an animal model, were assessed. In late April, yearling goats (n = 20) were randomly assigned to either (1) Glutamate supplemented (GLUT; n = 10, Live Weight (LW) = 29.6 ± 1.02 kg, Body Condition (BCS) = 3.4 ± 0.2 units; i.v. supplemented with 7 mg GLUT kg−1 LW) or (2) Non-supplemented (CONT; n = 10; LW = 29.2 ± 1.07 kg, BCS = 3.5 ± 0.2 units; i.v. saline). The oats were estrus-synchronized; blood sampling (6 h × 15 min) was carried out for LH quantification. Response variables included pulsatility (PULSE), time to first pulse (TTFP), amplitude (AMPL), nadir (NAD), and area under the curve (AUC) of LH. Ovaries were ultra-sonographically scanned to assess ovulation rate (OR), number of antral follicles (AF), and total ovarian activity (TOA = OR + AF). LH-PULSE was quantified with the Munro algorithm; significant treatment x time interactions were evaluated across time. The variables LW and BCS did not differ (p > 0.05) between the experimental groups. Nevertheless, OR (1.77 vs. 0.87 ± 0.20 units), TOA (4.11 vs. 1.87 ± 0.47 units) and LH-PULSE (5.0 vs. 2.2 pulses 6 h-1) favored (p < 0.05) to the GLUT group. Our results reveal that targeted glutamate supplementation, the main central nervous system neurotransmitter, arose as an interesting strategy to enhance the hypothalamic−hypophyseal−ovarian response considering the anestrous-yearling goat as an animal model, with thought-provoking while promising translational applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Luna-García
- Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Unidad Regional Universitaria de Zonas Áridas, Bermejillo 35230, Durango, Mexico;
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Campus Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - César A. Meza-Herrera
- Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Unidad Regional Universitaria de Zonas Áridas, Bermejillo 35230, Durango, Mexico;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Carlos C. Pérez-Marín
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Campus Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Rebeca Corona
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Neuroanatomía Funcional y Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Querétaro 76230, Mexico;
| | - Juan R. Luna-Orozco
- Centro de Bachillerato Tecnológico Agropecuario No. 1, Torreón 27000, Coahuila, Mexico;
| | - Francisco G. Véliz-Deras
- Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Unidad Laguna, Torreón 27054, Coahuila, Mexico; (F.G.V.-D.); (R.D.-G.); (R.R.-V.)
| | - Ramón Delgado-Gonzalez
- Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Unidad Laguna, Torreón 27054, Coahuila, Mexico; (F.G.V.-D.); (R.D.-G.); (R.R.-V.)
| | - Rafael Rodriguez-Venegas
- Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Unidad Laguna, Torreón 27054, Coahuila, Mexico; (F.G.V.-D.); (R.D.-G.); (R.R.-V.)
| | - Cesar A. Rosales-Nieto
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78321, Mexico;
| | - Jorge A. Bustamante-Andrade
- Facultad de Agricultura y Zootecnia, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Venecia Durango 35111, Mexico; (J.A.B.-A.); (U.N.G.-G.)
| | - Ulises N. Gutierrez-Guzman
- Facultad de Agricultura y Zootecnia, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Venecia Durango 35111, Mexico; (J.A.B.-A.); (U.N.G.-G.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Integrating genome-wide association study and pathway analysis reveals physiological aspects affecting heifer early calving defined at different ages in Nelore cattle. Genomics 2022; 114:110395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
12
|
Mohamed AR, Naval-Sanchez M, Menzies M, Evans B, King H, Reverter A, Kijas JW. Leveraging transcriptome and epigenome landscapes to infer regulatory networks during the onset of sexual maturation. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:413. [PMID: 35650521 PMCID: PMC9158274 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08514-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite sexual development being ubiquitous to vertebrates, the molecular mechanisms underpinning this fundamental transition remain largely undocumented in many organisms. We designed a time course experiment that successfully sampled the period when Atlantic salmon commence their trajectory towards sexual maturation. Results Through deep RNA sequencing, we discovered key genes and pathways associated with maturation in the pituitary-ovarian axis. Analyzing DNA methylomes revealed a bias towards hypermethylation in ovary that implicated maturation-related genes. Co-analysis of DNA methylome and gene expression changes revealed chromatin remodeling genes and key transcription factors were both significantly hypermethylated and upregulated in the ovary during the onset of maturation. We also observed changes in chromatin state landscapes that were strongly correlated with fundamental remodeling of gene expression in liver. Finally, a multiomic integrated analysis revealed regulatory networks and identified hub genes including TRIM25 gene (encoding the estrogen-responsive finger protein) as a putative key regulator in the pituitary that underwent a 60-fold change in connectivity during the transition to maturation. Conclusion The study successfully documented transcriptome and epigenome changes that involved key genes and pathways acting in the pituitary – ovarian axis. Using a Systems Biology approach, we identified hub genes and their associated networks deemed crucial for onset of maturation. The results provide a comprehensive view of the spatiotemporal changes involved in a complex trait and opens the door to future efforts aiming to manipulate puberty in an economically important aquaculture species. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08514-8.
Collapse
|
13
|
Constantin S, Moenter SM, Piet R. The electrophysiologic properties of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13073. [PMID: 34939256 PMCID: PMC9163209 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
For about two decades, recordings of identified gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons have provided a wealth of information on their properties. We describe areas of consensus and debate the intrinsic electrophysiologic properties of these cells, their response to fast synaptic and neuromodulatory input, Ca2+ imaging correlates of action potential firing, and signaling pathways regulating these aspects. How steroid feedback and development change these properties, functions of GnRH neuron subcompartments and local networks, as revealed by chemo- and optogenetic approaches, are also considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Constantin
- Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892-3703, USA
- Section on Cellular Signaling, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Suzanne M Moenter
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Internal Medicine, Obstetrics & Gynecology, and the Reproductive Sciences Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Richard Piet
- Brain Health Research Institute & Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Duittoz AH, Forni PE, Giacobini P, Golan M, Mollard P, Negrón AL, Radovick S, Wray S. Development of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone system. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13087. [PMID: 35067985 PMCID: PMC9286803 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the current understanding of the development of the neuroendocrine gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) system, including discussion on open questions regarding (1) transcriptional regulation of the Gnrh1 gene; (2) prenatal development of the GnRH1 system in rodents and humans; and (3) paracrine and synaptic communication during migration of the GnRH cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo E. Forni
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity at AlbanyAlbanyNYUSA
- The RNA InstituteUniversity at AlbanyAlbanyNYUSA
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Postnatal BrainLille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR‐S1172, Inserm, CHU LilleUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
| | - Matan Golan
- Institute of Animal SciencesAgricultural Research Organization – Volcani CenterRishon LetziyonIsrael
| | - Patrice Mollard
- Institute of Functional GenomicsCNRS, InsermMontpellier UniversityMontpellierFrance
| | - Ariel L. Negrón
- Clinical and Translational ResearchRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - Sally Radovick
- Clinical and Translational ResearchRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - Susan Wray
- Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology SectionNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Salehi MS, Pandamooz S, Tamadon A, Shirazi MRJ, Borhani-Haghighi A. Reproductive complications after stroke: long-lasting impairment of GnRH neuronal network? Biol Reprod 2022; 107:368-370. [PMID: 35470856 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Some studies have demonstrated that stroke may increase the risk of pregnancy complications and early menopause. In addition, preclinical investigations revealed the middle cerebral artery occlusion could affect hypothalamus. Since hypothalamus is the core of central circuits regulating reproductive processes, impairment of hypothalamic GnRH neuronal network following stroke might be manifested in long-lasting reproductive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saied Salehi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran
| | - Sareh Pandamooz
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Turan I, Demir K, Mengen E, Kotan LD, Gürbüz F, Yüksel B, Topaloglu AK. DLG2 Mutations in the Etiology of Pubertal Delay and Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism. Horm Res Paediatr 2022; 94:364-368. [PMID: 34695822 DOI: 10.1159/000520409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is caused by dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. DLG2 was recently implicated as a gene associated with delayed puberty and which may also contribute to IHH. The confirmation of the candidate puberty genes in independent IHH cohorts has become crucial due to the lack of proper genotype-phenotype segregations in reported pedigrees. Therefore, we aimed to screen DLG2 in patient variants in a large cohort of IHH patients. METHODS The present study included a total of 336 IHH patients from 290 independent families. The coding and flanking regions of DLG2 were screened for potentially important variants in the WES data. Candidate variants were evaluated in the -gnomAD and GME databases according to their allele frequencies, and only those with a frequency <0.0001 were considered rare. Detected variants were classified according to the ACMG/AMP criteria. RESULTS We found 1 homozygous and 2 heterozygous missense variants in 3 independent pedigrees. Identified variants were found extremely rare or not reported in gnomAD. Two variants were categorized as "uncertain significance," and the other one was "likely pathogenic" according to the ACMG criteria. All patients were normosmic, and in 2 of the 3 families, there were no causal variants in other IHH-related genes. CONCLUSION We detected 3 rare sequencing variants in DLG2 in 5 patients with IHH or delayed puberty in a large IHH cohort. Our results support the contention that the DLG2 mutations are associated with IHH in human puberty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Turan
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey,
| | - Korcan Demir
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Eda Mengen
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Leman Damla Kotan
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Fatih Gürbüz
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Bilgin Yüksel
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ali Kemal Topaloglu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yan X, Gong X, Lin T, Lin M, Qin P, Ye J, Li H, Hong Q, Li M, Liu Y, Li Y, Wang X, Zhang Y, Ling Y, Cao H, Zhang X, Fang F. Analysis of protein phosphorylation sites in the hypothalamus tissues of pubescent goats. J Proteomics 2022; 260:104574. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
18
|
Camera M, Russo I, Zamboni V, Ammoni A, Rando S, Morellato A, Cimino I, Angelini C, Giacobini P, Oleari R, Amoruso F, Cariboni A, Franceschini I, Turco E, Defilippi P, Merlo GR. p140Cap Controls Female Fertility in Mice Acting via Glutamatergic Afference on Hypothalamic Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:744693. [PMID: 35237119 PMCID: PMC8884249 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.744693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
p140Cap, encoded by the gene SRCIN1 (SRC kinase signaling inhibitor 1), is an adaptor/scaffold protein highly expressed in the mouse brain, participating in several pre- and post-synaptic mechanisms. p140Cap knock-out (KO) female mice show severe hypofertility, delayed puberty onset, altered estrus cycle, reduced ovulation, and defective production of luteinizing hormone and estradiol during proestrus. We investigated the role of p140Cap in the development and maturation of the hypothalamic gonadotropic system. During embryonic development, migration of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) neurons from the nasal placode to the forebrain in p140Cap KO mice appeared normal, and young p140Cap KO animals showed a normal number of GnRH-immunoreactive (-ir) neurons. In contrast, adult p140Cap KO mice showed a significant loss of GnRH-ir neurons and a decreased density of GnRH-ir projections in the median eminence, accompanied by reduced levels of GnRH and LH mRNAs in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, respectively. We examined the number of kisspeptin (KP) neurons in the rostral periventricular region of the third ventricle, the number of KP-ir fibers in the arcuate nucleus, and the number of KP-ir punctae on GnRH neurons but we found no significant changes. Consistently, the responsiveness to exogenous KP in vivo was unchanged, excluding a cell-autonomous defect on the GnRH neurons at the level of KP receptor or its signal transduction. Since glutamatergic signaling in the hypothalamus is critical for both puberty onset and modulation of GnRH secretion, we examined the density of glutamatergic synapses in p140Cap KO mice and observed a significant reduction in the density of VGLUT-ir punctae both in the preoptic area and on GnRH neurons. Our data suggest that the glutamatergic circuitry in the hypothalamus is altered in the absence of p140Cap and is required for female fertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Camera
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Isabella Russo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Zamboni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ammoni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simona Rando
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morellato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Irene Cimino
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Inserm U1172, Lille, France
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Costanza Angelini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Inserm U1172, Lille, France
| | - Roberto Oleari
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Amoruso
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Cariboni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabelle Franceschini
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, French National Centre for Scientific Research, French Institute of the Horse and Riding, French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Emilia Turco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Defilippi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: Paola Defilippi,
| | - Giorgio R. Merlo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Giorgio R. Merlo,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ogawa S, Parhar IS. Heterogeneity in GnRH and kisspeptin neurons and their significance in vertebrate reproductive biology. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 64:100963. [PMID: 34798082 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate reproduction is essentially controlled by the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, which is a central dogma of reproductive biology. Two major hypothalamic neuroendocrine cell groups containing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and kisspeptin are crucial for control of the HPG axis in vertebrates. GnRH and kisspeptin neurons exhibit high levels of heterogeneity including their cellular morphology, biochemistry, neurophysiology and functions. However, the molecular foundation underlying heterogeneities in GnRH and kisspeptin neurons remains unknown. More importantly, the biological and physiological significance of their heterogeneity in reproductive biology is poorly understood. In this review, we first describe the recent advances in the neuroendocrine functions of kisspeptin-GnRH pathways. We then view the recent emerging progress in the heterogeneity of GnRH and kisspeptin neurons using morphological and single-cell transcriptomic analyses. Finally, we discuss our views on the significance of functional heterogeneity of reproductive endocrine cells and their potential relevance to reproductive health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ogawa
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wu PM, Teng CK, Chou YY, Tu YF. Precocious puberty as a consequence of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in children. Pediatr Neonatol 2021; 62:361-368. [PMID: 33846107 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is one of the most common autoimmune encephalitis in children. Most children recovered well after anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. However, the NMDA receptor network functions are critical for the developing brain in children. The long-term consequences in pediatric patients of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis are very infrequently reported. METHODS This case series study retrospectively enrolled 10 children aged below 18 years old with antibody-proved anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in a tertiary medical center from 2010 to 2019. Long-term neurological consequences of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in children were followed. RESULTS One boy and nine girls were enrolled with a median onset age of 3.6 years. The most common initial presentation was verbal reduction and psychiatric symptoms soon after some flu-like prodromal symptoms. Nearly all patients then developed decreased level of consciousness, mutism, seizures and orofacial-lingual dyskinesia. Autonomic instability occurred in 5 patients, particularly in pre-pubertal children. Only one adolescent patient had ovarian teratoma. All patients survived after immunotherapy and were followed for 5.8 ± 3.3 years after discharge. Four had epilepsy within 2 years after encephalitis, four had a cognitive deficit, one had mild psychiatric symptoms of hallucination, and none had residual involuntary movements. Moreover, two pre-pubertal children developed central precocious puberty about 3 years after encephalitis, and one required gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment. CONCLUSION Central precocious puberty could be a consequence of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in the pre-pubertal children. The pediatrician should pay attention to its occurrence at follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ming Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ku Teng
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yin Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Tu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tahir MS, Porto-Neto LR, Gondro C, Shittu OB, Wockner K, Tan AWL, Smith HR, Gouveia GC, Kour J, Fortes MRS. Meta-Analysis of Heifer Traits Identified Reproductive Pathways in Bos indicus Cattle. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:768. [PMID: 34069992 PMCID: PMC8157873 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertility traits measured early in life define the reproductive potential of heifers. Knowledge of genetics and biology can help devise genomic selection methods to improve heifer fertility. In this study, we used ~2400 Brahman cattle to perform GWAS and multi-trait meta-analysis to determine genomic regions associated with heifer fertility. Heifer traits measured were pregnancy at first mating opportunity (PREG1, a binary trait), first conception score (FCS, score 1 to 3) and rebreeding score (REB, score 1 to 3.5). The heritability estimates were 0.17 (0.03) for PREG1, 0.11 (0.05) for FCS and 0.28 (0.05) for REB. The three traits were highly genetically correlated (0.75-0.83) as expected. Meta-analysis was performed using SNP effects estimated for each of the three traits, adjusted for standard error. We identified 1359 significant SNPs (p-value < 9.9 × 10-6 at FDR < 0.0001) in the multi-trait meta-analysis. Genomic regions of 0.5 Mb around each significant SNP from the meta-analysis were annotated to create a list of 2560 positional candidate genes. The most significant SNP was in the vicinity of a genomic region on chromosome 8, encompassing the genes SLC44A1, FSD1L, FKTN, TAL2 and TMEM38B. The genomic region in humans that contains homologs of these genes is associated with age at puberty in girls. Top significant SNPs pointed to additional fertility-related genes, again within a 0.5 Mb region, including ESR2, ITPR1, GNG2, RGS9BP, ANKRD27, TDRD12, GRM1, MTHFD1, PTGDR and NTNG1. Functional pathway enrichment analysis resulted in many positional candidate genes relating to known fertility pathways, including GnRH signaling, estrogen signaling, progesterone mediated oocyte maturation, cAMP signaling, calcium signaling, glutamatergic signaling, focal adhesion, PI3K-AKT signaling and ovarian steroidogenesis pathway. The comparison of results from this study with previous transcriptomics and proteomics studies on puberty of the same cattle breed (Brahman) but in a different population identified 392 genes in common from which some genes-BRAF, GABRA2, GABR1B, GAD1, FSHR, CNGA3, PDE10A, SNAP25, ESR2, GRIA2, ORAI1, EGFR, CHRNA5, VDAC2, ACVR2B, ORAI3, CYP11A1, GRIN2A, ATP2B3, CAMK2A, PLA2G, CAMK2D and MAPK3-are also part of the above-mentioned pathways. The biological functions of the positional candidate genes and their annotation to known pathways allowed integrating the results into a bigger picture of molecular mechanisms related to puberty in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis. A reasonable number of genes, common between previous puberty studies and this study on early reproductive traits, corroborates the proposed molecular mechanisms. This study identified the polymorphism associated with early reproductive traits, and candidate genes that provided a visualization of the proposed mechanisms, coordinating the hypothalamic, pituitary, and ovarian functions for reproductive performance in Brahman cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S. Tahir
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland Australia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.T.); (O.B.S.); (K.W.); (A.W.L.T.); (H.R.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Laercio R. Porto-Neto
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Cedric Gondro
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Olasege B. Shittu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland Australia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.T.); (O.B.S.); (K.W.); (A.W.L.T.); (H.R.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Kimberley Wockner
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland Australia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.T.); (O.B.S.); (K.W.); (A.W.L.T.); (H.R.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Andre W. L. Tan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland Australia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.T.); (O.B.S.); (K.W.); (A.W.L.T.); (H.R.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Hugo R. Smith
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland Australia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.T.); (O.B.S.); (K.W.); (A.W.L.T.); (H.R.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Gabriela C. Gouveia
- Animal Science Department, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Jagish Kour
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland Australia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.T.); (O.B.S.); (K.W.); (A.W.L.T.); (H.R.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Marina R. S. Fortes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland Australia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.T.); (O.B.S.); (K.W.); (A.W.L.T.); (H.R.S.); (J.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Evans MC, Hill JW, Anderson GM. Role of insulin in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12930. [PMID: 33523515 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Infertility associated with insulin resistance is characterised by abnormal hormone secretion by the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and gonads. These endocrine tissues can maintain insulin sensitivity even when tissues such as the muscle and liver become insulin-resistant, resulting in excessive insulin stimulation as hyperinsulinaemia develops. Experiments conducted to determine the role of neuronal insulin signalling in fertility were unable to recapitulate early findings of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in mice lacking insulin receptors throughout the brain. Rather, it was eventually shown that astrocytes critically mediate the effects of insulin on puberty timing and adult reproductive function. However, specific roles for neurones and gonadotrophs have been revealed under conditions of hyperinsulinaemia and by ablation of insulin and leptin receptors. The collective picture is one of multiple insulin-responsive inputs to gonadotrophin releasing hormone neurones, with astrocytes being the most important player.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maggie C Evans
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer W Hill
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Greg M Anderson
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lopez-Rodriguez D, Franssen D, Bakker J, Lomniczi A, Parent AS. Cellular and molecular features of EDC exposure: consequences for the GnRH network. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:83-96. [PMID: 33288917 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-00436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The onset of puberty and the female ovulatory cycle are important developmental milestones of the reproductive system. These processes are controlled by a tightly organized network of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, as well as genetic, epigenetic and hormonal factors, which ultimately drive the pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. They also strongly depend on organizational processes that take place during fetal and early postnatal life. Therefore, exposure to environmental pollutants such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during critical periods of development can result in altered brain development, delayed or advanced puberty and long-term reproductive consequences, such as impaired fertility. The gonads and peripheral organs are targets of EDCs, and research from the past few years suggests that the organization of the neuroendocrine control of reproduction is also sensitive to environmental cues and disruption. Among other mechanisms, EDCs interfere with the action of steroidal and non-steroidal receptors, and alter enzymatic, metabolic and epigenetic pathways during development. In this Review, we discuss the cellular and molecular consequences of perinatal exposure (mostly in rodents) to representative EDCs with a focus on the neuroendocrine control of reproduction, pubertal timing and the female ovulatory cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Delphine Franssen
- Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Julie Bakker
- Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alejandro Lomniczi
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), OHSU, OR, USA
| | - Anne-Simone Parent
- Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vastagh C, Csillag V, Solymosi N, Farkas I, Liposits Z. Gonadal Cycle-Dependent Expression of Genes Encoding Peptide-, Growth Factor-, and Orphan G-Protein-Coupled Receptors in Gonadotropin- Releasing Hormone Neurons of Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 13:594119. [PMID: 33551743 PMCID: PMC7863983 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.594119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rising serum estradiol triggers the surge release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at late proestrus leading to ovulation. We hypothesized that proestrus evokes alterations in peptidergic signaling onto GnRH neurons inducing a differential expression of neuropeptide-, growth factor-, and orphan G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) genes. Thus, we analyzed the transcriptome of GnRH neurons collected from intact, proestrous and metestrous GnRH-green fluorescent protein (GnRH-GFP) transgenic mice using Affymetrix microarray technique. Proestrus resulted in a differential expression of genes coding for peptide/neuropeptide receptors including Adipor1, Prokr1, Ednrb, Rtn4r, Nmbr, Acvr2b, Sctr, Npr3, Nmur1, Mc3r, Cckbr, and Amhr2. In this gene cluster, Adipor1 mRNA expression was upregulated and the others were downregulated. Expression of growth factor receptors and their related proteins was also altered showing upregulation of Fgfr1, Igf1r, Grb2, Grb10, and Ngfrap1 and downregulation of Egfr and Tgfbr2 genes. Gpr107, an orphan GPCR, was upregulated during proestrus, while others were significantly downregulated (Gpr1, Gpr87, Gpr18, Gpr62, Gpr125, Gpr183, Gpr4, and Gpr88). Further affected receptors included vomeronasal receptors (Vmn1r172, Vmn2r-ps54, and Vmn1r148) and platelet-activating factor receptor (Ptafr), all with marked downregulation. Patch-clamp recordings from mouse GnRH-GFP neurons carried out at metestrus confirmed that the differentially expressed IGF-1, secretin, and GPR107 receptors were operational, as their activation by specific ligands evoked an increase in the frequency of miniature postsynaptic currents (mPSCs). These findings show the contribution of certain novel peptides, growth factors, and ligands of orphan GPCRs to regulation of GnRH neurons and their preparation for the surge release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Vastagh
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Veronika Csillag
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Roska Tamás Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert Solymosi
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre Farkas
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Liposits
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Naulé L, Maione L, Kaiser UB. Puberty, A Sensitive Window of Hypothalamic Development and Plasticity. Endocrinology 2021; 162:bqaa209. [PMID: 33175140 PMCID: PMC7733306 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Puberty is a developmental period characterized by a broad range of physiologic changes necessary for the acquisition of adult sexual and reproductive maturity. These changes mirror complex modifications within the central nervous system, including within the hypothalamus. These modifications result in the maturation of a fully active hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, the neuroendocrine cascade ensuring gonadal activation, sex steroid secretion, and gametogenesis. A complex and finely regulated neural network overseeing the HPG axis, particularly the pubertal reactivation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, has been progressively unveiled in the last 3 decades. This network includes kisspeptin, neurokinin B, GABAergic, and glutamatergic neurons as well as glial cells. In addition to substantial modifications in the expression of key targets, several changes in neuronal morphology, neural connections, and synapse organization occur to establish mature and coordinated neurohormonal secretion, leading to puberty initiation. The aim of this review is to outline the current knowledge of the major changes that neurons secreting GnRH and their neuronal and glial partners undergo before and after puberty. Emerging mediators upstream of GnRH, uncovered in recent years, are also addressed herein. In addition, the effects of sex steroids, particularly estradiol, on changes in hypothalamic neurodevelopment and plasticity are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Naulé
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luigi Maione
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Paris Saclay University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department Endocrinology and Reproductive Diseases, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Ursula B Kaiser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li S, Zhang L, Wei N, Tai Z, Yu C, Xu Z. Research Progress on the Effect of Epilepsy and Antiseizure Medications on PCOS Through HPO Axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:787854. [PMID: 34992582 PMCID: PMC8726549 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.787854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disease that manifests as recurrent seizures. The incidence and prevalence of epilepsy in women are slightly lower than those in men. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a reproductive endocrine system disease, is a complication that women with epilepsy are susceptible to, and its total prevalence is 8%-13% in the female population and sometimes as high as 26% in female epilepsy patients. The rate of PCOS increased markedly in female patients who chose valproate (VPA), to 1.95 times higher than that of other drugs. In addition, patients receiving other anti-seizure medications (ASMs), such as lamotrigine (LTG), oxcarbazepine (OXC), and carbamazepine (CBZ), also have reproductive endocrine abnormalities. Some scholars believe that the increase in incidence is related not only to epilepsy itself but also to ASMs. Epileptiform discharges can affect the activity of the pulse generator and then interfere with the reproductive endocrine system by breaking the balance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis. ASMs may also cause PCOS-like disorders of the reproductive endocrine system through the HPO axis. Moreover, other factors such as hormone metabolism and related signalling pathways also play a role in it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zucai Xu
- *Correspondence: Changyin Yu, ; Zucai Xu,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Phumsatitpong C, De Guzman RM, Zuloaga DG, Moenter SM. A CRH Receptor Type 1 Agonist Increases GABA Transmission to GnRH Neurons in a Circulating-Estradiol-Dependent Manner. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5892962. [PMID: 32798220 PMCID: PMC7547842 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
GnRH neurons are central regulators of reproduction and respond to factors affecting fertility, such as stress. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is released during stress response. In brain slices from unstressed controls, CRH has opposite, estradiol-dependent effects on GnRH neuron firing depending on the CRH receptor activated; activating CRHR-1 stimulates whereas activating CRHR-2 suppresses activity. We investigated possible direct and indirect mechanisms. Mice were ovariectomized and either not treated further (OVX) or given a capsule producing high positive feedback (OVX + E) or low negative feedback (OVX + low E) physiologic circulating estradiol levels. We tested possible direct effects on GnRH neurons by altering voltage-gated potassium currents. Two types of voltage-gated potassium currents (transient IA and sustained IK) were measured; neither CRHR-1 nor CRHR-2 agonists altered potassium current density in GnRH neurons from OVX + E mice. Further, neither CRH nor receptor-specific agonists altered action potential generation in response to current injection in GnRH neurons from OVX + E mice. To test the possible indirect actions, GABAergic postsynaptic currents were monitored. A CRHR-1 agonist increased GABAergic transmission frequency to GnRH neurons from OVX + E, but not OVX, mice, whereas a CRHR-2 agonist had no effect. Finally, we tested if CRH alters the firing rate of arcuate kisspeptin neurons, which provide an important excitatory neuromodulatory input to GnRH neurons. CRH did not acutely alter firing activity of these neurons from OVX, OVX + E or OVX + low E mice. These results suggest CRH increases GnRH neuron activity in an estradiol-dependent manner in part by activating GABAergic afferents. Mechanisms underlying inhibitory effects of CRH remain unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Suzanne M Moenter
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, US
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, US
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, US
- Correspondence: Suzanne M. Moenter; 7725 Med Sci II; 1137 E Catherine St; Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5622. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rijal S, Cho DH, Park SA, Jang SH, Ábrahám IM, Han SK. Melatonin Suppresses the Kainate Receptor-Mediated Excitation on Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons in Female and Male Prepubertal Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21175991. [PMID: 32825350 PMCID: PMC7504472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, a pineal gland secretion, is an amphiphilic neurohormone involved in the biological and physiologic regulation of bodily functions. Numerous studies have shown the effects of melatonin on the release of gonadotropins and their actions at one or several levels of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. However, direct melatonin action on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and its mechanism of action remain unclear. Here, plasma melatonin levels were measured and the effect of melatonin on GnRH neurons was assessed using brain slice patch clamp techniques. The plasma melatonin levels in prepubertal mice were higher than those in the adults. Melatonin itself did not change the firing activity of GnRH neurons. Interestingly, the kainate receptor-mediated responses but not the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)- and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA)-induced responses were suppressed by melatonin in both the voltage clamp and current clamp modes. The inhibitory effects of the kainate-induced response by melatonin tended to increase with higher melatonin concentrations and persisted in the presence of tetrodotoxin, a voltage-sensitive Na+ channel blocker, or luzindole, a non-selective melatonin receptor antagonist. However, the response was completely abolished by pretreatment with pertussis toxin. These results suggest that melatonin can regulate GnRH neuronal activities in prepubertal mice by partially suppressing the excitatory signaling mediated by kainate receptors through pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein-coupled receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Rijal
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry & Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.R.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Dong Hyu Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute and Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
| | - Seon-Ah Park
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Biomedical Research Institute, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54907, Korea;
| | - Seon Hui Jang
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry & Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.R.); (S.H.J.)
| | - István M. Ábrahám
- PTE-NAP Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Seong Kyu Han
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry & Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.R.); (S.H.J.)
- PTE-NAP Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-270-4030; Fax: +82-63-270-4004
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jee YH, Won S, Lui JC, Jennings M, Whalen P, Yue S, Temnycky AG, Barnes KM, Cheetham T, Boden MG, Radovick S, Quinton R, Leschek EW, Aguilera G, Yanovski JA, Seminara SB, Crowley WF, Delaney A, Roche KW, Baron J. DLG2 variants in patients with pubertal disorders. Genet Med 2020; 22:1329-1337. [PMID: 32341572 PMCID: PMC7510947 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-0803-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Impaired function of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons can cause a phenotypic spectrum ranging from delayed puberty to isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). We sought to identify a new genetic etiology for these conditions. METHODS Exome sequencing was performed in an extended family with autosomal dominant, markedly delayed puberty. The effects of the variant were studied in a GnRH neuronal cell line. Variants in the same gene were sought in a large cohort of individuals with IHH. RESULTS We identified a rare missense variant (F900V) in DLG2 (which encodes PSD-93) that cosegregated with the delayed puberty. The variant decreased GnRH expression in vitro. PSD-93 is an anchoring protein of NMDA receptors, a type of glutamate receptor that has been implicated in the control of puberty in laboratory animals. The F900V variant impaired the interaction between PSD-93 and a known binding partner, Fyn, which phosphorylates NMDA receptors. Variants in DLG2 that also decreased GnRH expression were identified in three unrelated families with IHH. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that variants in DLG2/PSD-93 cause autosomal dominant delayed puberty and may also contribute to IHH. The findings also suggest that the pathogenesis involves impaired NMDA receptor signaling and consequently decreased GnRH secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youn Hee Jee
- Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sehoon Won
- Receptor Biology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julian C Lui
- Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melissa Jennings
- Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip Whalen
- Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shanna Yue
- Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adrian G Temnycky
- Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin M Barnes
- Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tim Cheetham
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew G Boden
- Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sally Radovick
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Richard Quinton
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ellen W Leschek
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Greti Aguilera
- Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie B Seminara
- Harvard Reproductive Sciences Center and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William F Crowley
- Harvard Reproductive Sciences Center and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angela Delaney
- Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine W Roche
- Receptor Biology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey Baron
- Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ilie IR. Neurotransmitter, neuropeptide and gut peptide profile in PCOS-pathways contributing to the pathophysiology, food intake and psychiatric manifestations of PCOS. Adv Clin Chem 2019; 96:85-135. [PMID: 32362321 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a major health problem with a heterogeneous hormone-imbalance and clinical presentation across the lifespan of women. Increased androgen production and abnormal gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release and gonadotropin secretion, resulting in chronic anovulation are well-known features of the PCOS. The brain is both at the top of the neuroendocrine axis regulating ovarian function and a sensitive target of peripheral gonadal hormones and peptides. Current literature illustrates that neurotransmitters regulate various functions of the body, including reproduction, mood and body weight. Neurotransmitter alteration could be one of the reasons for disturbed GnRH release, consequently directing the ovarian dysfunction in PCOS, since there is plenty evidence for altered catecholamine metabolism and brain serotonin or opioid activity described in PCOS. Further, the dysregulated neurotransmitter and neuropeptide profile in PCOS could also be the reason for low self-esteem, anxiety, mood swings and depression or obesity, features closely associated with PCOS women. Can these altered central brain circuits, or the disrupted gut-brain axis be the tie that would both explain and link the pathogenesis of this disorder, the occurrence of depression, anxiety and other mood disorders as well as of obesity, insulin resistance and abnormal appetite in PCOS? This review intends to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of what is known about the relatively understudied, but very complex role that neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and gut peptides play in PCOS. The answer to the above question may help the development of drugs to specifically target these central and peripheral circuits, thereby providing a valuable treatment for PCOS patients that present to the clinic with GnRH/LH hypersecretion, obesity or psychiatric manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioana R Ilie
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu-Hatieganu', Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Valle S, Das C, Meddle SL, Deviche P. The effect of food restriction on the regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in male house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 282:113196. [PMID: 31163182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal activation of the vertebrate hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and gonadal development is initiated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone-I (GnRH) release from the hypothalamus. In photoperiodic species, the consistent annual change in photoperiod is the primary environmental signal affecting GnRH cell activity, including changes in the synthesis and secretion of this neuropeptide. Non-photoperiodic environmental cues such as energy availability also influence HPG axis activity, but the mechanisms mediating this influence, in particular on the GnRH system, are unclear. Understanding how the neuroendocrine system integrates environmental information is critical in determining the plasticity and adaptability of physiological responses to changing environments. The primary objective of this study was to investigate GnRH-mediated changes in HPG axis activity and gonadal development in response to energy availability in a wild bird. We hypothesized that negative energy balance inhibits HPG axis activity by affecting GnRH secretion. Moderate food restriction for several weeks in male house finches, Haemorhous mexicanus, decreased body condition and inhibited photoinduced testicular growth compared to birds fed ad libitum. Food restriction did not affect plasma luteinizing hormone (LH; a correlate of GnRH release) or plasma testosterone, but it enhanced the plasma LH response to an injection of the glutamatergic agonist, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). Thus, food restriction may decrease photoinduced HPG axis activation by acting centrally, in particular by attenuating the release of accumulated GnRH stores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Valle
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA.
| | - Chandrima Das
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA
| | - Simone L Meddle
- The Roslin Institute, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | - Pierre Deviche
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Calderón-Leyva G, Meza-Herrera CA, Rodriguez-Martinez R, Angel-García O, Rivas-Muñoz R, Delgado-Bermejo JV, Véliz-Deras FG. Effect of glutamate and/or testosterone administration on appetitive and consummatory sexual behaviors in pubertal rams and their influence on the reproductive performance of nulliparous anovulatory ewes. J Vet Behav 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
33
|
Aggarwal S, Tang C, Sing K, Kim HW, Millar RP, Tello JA. Medial Amygdala Kiss1 Neurons Mediate Female Pheromone Stimulation of Luteinizing Hormone in Male Mice. Neuroendocrinology 2019; 108:172-189. [PMID: 30537700 PMCID: PMC6518874 DOI: 10.1159/000496106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The medial amygdala (MeA) responds to olfactory stimuli and alters reproductive physiology. However, the neuronal circuit that relays signals from the MeA to the reproductive axis remains poorly defined. This study aimed to test whether MeA kisspeptin (MeAKiss) neurons in male mice are sensitive to sexually relevant olfactory stimuli and transmit signals to alter reproductive physiology. We also investigated whether MeAKiss neurons have the capacity to elaborate glutamate and GABA neurotransmitters and potentially contribute to reproductive axis regulation. METHODS Using female urine as a pheromone stimulus, MeAKiss neuronal activity was analysed and serum luteinizing hormone (LH) was measured in male mice. Next, using a chemogenetic approach, MeAKiss neurons were bi-directionally modulated to measure the effect on serum LH and evaluate the activation of the preoptic area. Lastly, using in situ hybridization, we identified the proportion of MeAKiss neurons that express markers for GABAergic (Vgat) and glutamatergic (Vglut2) neurotransmission. RESULTS Male mice exposed to female urine showed a two-fold increase in the number of c-Fos-positive MeAKiss neurons concomitant with raised LH. Chemogenetic activation of MeAKiss neurons significantly increased LH in the absence of urine exposure, whereas inhibition of MeAKiss neurons did not alter LH. In situ hybridization revealed that MeAKiss neurons are a mixed neuronal population in which 71% express Vgat mRNA, 29% express Vglut2 mRNA, and 6% express both. CONCLUSIONS Our results uncover, for the first time, that MeAKiss neurons process sexually relevant olfactory signals to influence reproductive hormone levels in male mice, likely through a complex interplay of neuropeptide and neurotransmitter signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanya Aggarwal
- School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Celion Tang
- School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Kristen Sing
- School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Hyun Wook Kim
- School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Robert P Millar
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Physiology and Department of Immunology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Javier A Tello
- School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom,
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Moore AM, Abbott G, Mair J, Prescott M, Campbell RE. Mapping GABA and glutamate inputs to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neurones in male and female mice. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30:e12657. [PMID: 30415474 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurone function is dependent upon gonadal steroid hormone feedback, which is communicated in large part through an afferent neuronal network. The classical neurotransmitters GABA and glutamate are important regulators of GnRH neurone activity and are implicated in mediating feedback signals. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether GABAergic or glutamatergic input to GnRH neurones differs between males and females and/or exhibits morphological plasticity in response to steroid hormone feedback in females. Tissue collected from GnRH-green fluorescent protein (GFP) male and female mice in dioestrus underwent immunofluorescence labelling of GFP and either the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) or the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2). No differences in the densities or absolute numbers of VGAT-immunoreactive (-IR) or VGLUT2-IR puncta apposed to GnRH neurones were identified between males and females. The most significant input from either neurotransmitter was to the proximal dendritic region and 80% of VGAT-IR puncta apposed to GnRH neurones co-localised with synaptophysin. Putative inputs were also assessed in ovariectomised (OVX) female mice treated with negative (OVX+E) or positive (OVX+E+E) feedback levels of oestrogen, and OVX+E+E mice were killed during the expected GnRH/luteinising hormone surge. No differences in VGLUT2-IR contacts to GnRH neurones were identified between animals under the negative-feedback influence of oestrogen (OVX+E) or the positive influence of oestrogen (OVX+E+E), regardless of cFos activation status. By contrast, a significant elevation in putative GABAergic inputs to GnRH neurones at the time of the preovulatory surge was found in the cFos-negative subset of GnRH neurones, both at the level of the soma and at the proximal dendrite. Taken together, these data suggest that, although GABAergic and glutamatergic innervation of GnRH neurones is not sexually differentiated, cyclic fluctuations in steroid hormone feedback over the female oestrous cycle result in plastic changes in GABAergic inputs to a subpopulation of GnRH neurones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleisha M Moore
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Georgina Abbott
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Mair
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Melanie Prescott
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca E Campbell
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Constantin S, Wray S. Nociceptin/Orphanin-FQ Inhibits Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons via G-Protein-Gated Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channels. eNeuro 2018; 5:ENEURO.0161-18.2018. [PMID: 30627649 PMCID: PMC6325553 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0161-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a key feature of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) trigger GnRH neuronal activity, but how GnRH neurons return to baseline electrical activity is unknown. Nociceptin/orphanin-FQ (OFQ) is an inhibitory neuromodulator. ARC proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, known to receive inputs from ARC kisspeptin neurons, contact GnRH neurons and coexpress OFQ in the rat. In the present study, the effect of OFQ(1-13) on GnRH neurons was determined in the mouse. We identified transcripts for the OFQ receptor [opioid receptor like 1 (ORL1)] in GnRH neurons, and, using two-model systems (explants and slices), we found that OFQ exerted a potent inhibition on GnRH neurons, with or without excitatory inputs. We confirmed that the inhibition was mediated by ORL1 via Gi/o-protein coupling. The inhibition, occurring independently of levels of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate, was sensitive to inwardly rectifying potassium channels. The only specific blocker of Gi/o-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels, tertiapin-Q (TPNQ), was ineffective in the inhibition of OFQ. Two GIRK activators, one sharing the binding site of TPNQ and one active only on GIRK1-containing GIRK channels, failed to trigger an inhibition. In contrast, protein kinase C phosphorylation activation, known to inhibit GIRK2-mediated currents, prevented the OFQ inhibition. These results indicate a specific combination of GIRK subunits, GIRK2/3 in GnRH neurons. In vivo, double-labeled OFQ/POMC fibers were found in the vicinity of GnRH neurons, and OFQ fibers apposed GnRH neurons. Together, this study brings to light a potent neuromodulator of GnRH neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Constantin
- Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3703
| | - Susan Wray
- Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3703
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cao Z, Fan R, Meng B, Xing Z, Liu M, Gao M, Luan X. Comparative proteomic analysis of hypothalamus tissue from Huoyan geese between pre-laying period and laying period using an iTRAQ-based approach. Anim Sci J 2018; 89:946-955. [PMID: 29708631 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamus plays a central role in controlling poultry endocrine and reproductive activities. So far there is limited information focused on the proteome profiles of the hypothalamus from geese during different stages of the egg-laying cycle. In order to identify proteins regulating the egg-laying process of Huoyan geese, we investigated the proteome profiles of the hypothalamus from Huoyan geese during the laying period and pre-laying period by applying an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomic technology. A total number of 3,337 were identified and quantified, of which 18 were significantly up-regulated and 16 were significantly down-regulated. These differentially expressed proteins were subjected to bioinformatics analyses based on the Gene Ontology annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway. Some of these were revealed to be involved in hormone and neurotransmitter secretion, exocytosis, calcium ion transport and synaptic transmission. Subsequently, excitatory amino acid transporter 2, complexin-1 and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 3 were confirmed at the messenger RNA level using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Then, the abundance change of these proteins was verified further using Western blotting analysis. These data may aid in elucidating the molecular mechanism of higher laying performance in Huoyan geese.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruiming Fan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Meng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhe Xing
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinhong Luan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chaudhari N, Dawalbhakta M, Nampoothiri L. GnRH dysregulation in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a manifestation of an altered neurotransmitter profile. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:37. [PMID: 29642911 PMCID: PMC5896071 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GnRH is the master molecule of reproduction that is influenced by several intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Any alteration in these regulatory loops may result in reproductive-endocrine dysfunction such as the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Although low dopaminergic tone has been associated with PCOS, the role of neurotransmitters in PCOS remains unknown. The present study was therefore aimed at understanding the status of GnRH regulatory neurotransmitters to decipher the neuroendocrine pathology in PCOS. METHODS PCOS was induced in rats by oral administration of letrozole (aromatase inhibitor). Following PCOS validation, animals were assessed for gonadotropin levels and their mRNA expression. Neurotrasnmitter status was evaluated by estimating their levels, their metabolism and their receptor expression in hypothalamus, pituitary, hippocampus and frontal cortex of PCOS rat model. RESULTS We demonstrate that GnRH and LH inhibitory neurotransmitters - serotonin, dopamine, GABA and acetylcholine - are reduced while glutamate, a major stimulator of GnRH and LH release, is increased in the PCOS condition. Concomitant changes were observed for neurotransmitter metabolising enzymes and their receptors as well. CONCLUSION Our results reveal that increased GnRH and LH pulsatility in PCOS condition likely result from the cumulative effect of altered GnRH stimulatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in hypothalamic-pituitary centre. This, we hypothesise, is responsible for the depression and anxiety-like mood disorders commonly seen in PCOS women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirja Chaudhari
- 0000 0001 2154 7601grid.411494.dReproductive-Neuro-Endocrinology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat India
| | - Mitali Dawalbhakta
- 0000 0001 2154 7601grid.411494.dReproductive-Neuro-Endocrinology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat India
| | - Laxmipriya Nampoothiri
- 0000 0001 2154 7601grid.411494.dReproductive-Neuro-Endocrinology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat India
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Burger LL, Vanacker C, Phumsatitpong C, Wagenmaker ER, Wang L, Olson DP, Moenter SM. Identification of Genes Enriched in GnRH Neurons by Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification and RNAseq in Mice. Endocrinology 2018; 159. [PMID: 29522155 PMCID: PMC6287592 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are a nexus of fertility regulation. We used translating ribosome affinity purification coupled with RNA sequencing to examine messenger RNAs of GnRH neurons in adult intact and gonadectomized (GDX) male and female mice. GnRH neuron ribosomes were tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and GFP-labeled polysomes isolated by immunoprecipitation, producing one RNA fraction enhanced for GnRH neuron transcripts and one RNA fraction depleted. Complementary DNA libraries were created from each fraction and 50-base, paired-end sequencing done and differential expression (enhanced fraction/depleted fraction) determined with a threshold of >1.5- or <0.66-fold (false discovery rate P ≤ 0.05). A core of ∼840 genes was differentially expressed in GnRH neurons in all treatments, including enrichment for Gnrh1 (∼40-fold), and genes critical for GnRH neuron and/or gonadotrope development. In contrast, non-neuronal transcripts were not enriched or were de-enriched. Several epithelial markers were also enriched, consistent with the olfactory epithelial origins of GnRH neurons. Interestingly, many synaptic transmission pathways were de-enriched, in accordance with relatively low innervation of GnRH neurons. The most striking difference between intact and GDX mice of both sexes was a marked downregulation of genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation and upregulation of glucose transporters in GnRH neurons from GDX mice. This may suggest that GnRH neurons switch to an alternate fuel to increase adenosine triphosphate production in the absence of negative feedback when GnRH release is elevated. Knowledge of the GnRH neuron translatome and its regulation can guide functional studies and can be extended to disease states, such as polycystic ovary syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Burger
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Michigan
| | - Charlotte Vanacker
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Elizabeth R Wagenmaker
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Michigan
| | - Luhong Wang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Michigan
| | - David P Olson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Suzanne M Moenter
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Michigan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Michigan
- Correspondence: Laura L. Burger, PhD, University of Michigan, 7725 Med Sci II, 1137 E. Catherine
Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5622. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang L, Burger LL, Greenwald-Yarnell ML, Myers MG, Moenter SM. Glutamatergic Transmission to Hypothalamic Kisspeptin Neurons Is Differentially Regulated by Estradiol through Estrogen Receptor α in Adult Female Mice. J Neurosci 2018; 38:1061-1072. [PMID: 29114074 PMCID: PMC5792470 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2428-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Estradiol feedback regulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and subsequent luteinizing hormone (LH) release. Estradiol acts via estrogen receptor α (ERα)-expressing afferents of GnRH neurons, including kisspeptin neurons in the anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) and arcuate nuclei, providing homeostatic feedback on episodic GnRH/LH release as well as positive feedback to control ovulation. Ionotropic glutamate receptors are important for estradiol feedback, but it is not known where they fit in the circuitry. Estradiol-negative feedback decreased glutamatergic transmission to AVPV and increased it to arcuate kisspeptin neurons; positive feedback had the opposite effect. Deletion of ERα in kisspeptin cells decreased glutamate transmission to AVPV neurons and markedly increased it to arcuate kisspeptin neurons, which also exhibited increased spontaneous firing rate. KERKO mice had increased LH pulse frequency, indicating loss of negative feedback. These observations indicate that ERα in kisspeptin cells is required for appropriate differential regulation of these neurons and neuroendocrine output by estradiol.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The brain regulates fertility through gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. Ovarian estradiol regulates the pattern of GnRH (negative feedback) and initiates a surge of release that triggers ovulation (positive feedback). GnRH neurons do not express the estrogen receptor needed for feedback (estrogen receptor α [ERα]); kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate and anteroventral periventricular nuclei are postulated to mediate negative and positive feedback, respectively. Here we extend the network through which feedback is mediated by demonstrating that glutamatergic transmission to these kisspeptin populations is differentially regulated during the reproductive cycle and by estradiol. Electrophysiological and in vivo hormone profile experiments on kisspeptin-specific ERα knock-out mice demonstrate that ERα in kisspeptin cells is required for appropriate differential regulation of these neurons and for neuroendocrine output.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luhong Wang
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology
| | | | | | - Martin G Myers
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology
- Internal Medicine
- Michigan Diabetes Research & Training Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Suzanne M Moenter
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology,
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Internal Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Dynamics of GnRH Neuron Ionotropic GABA and Glutamate Synaptic Receptors Are Unchanged during Estrogen Positive and Negative Feedback in Female Mice. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-FTR-0259-17. [PMID: 29109970 PMCID: PMC5672547 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0259-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inputs from GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons are suspected to play an important role in regulating the activity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. The GnRH neurons exhibit marked plasticity to control the ovarian cycle with circulating estradiol concentrations having profound "feedback" effects on their activity. This includes "negative feedback" responsible for suppressing GnRH neuron activity and "positive feedback" that occurs at mid-cycle to activate the GnRH neurons to generate the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge. In the present study, we employed brain slice electrophysiology to question whether synaptic ionotropic GABA and glutamate receptor signaling at the GnRH neuron changed at times of negative and positive feedback. We used a well characterized estradiol (E)-treated ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model to replicate negative and positive feedback. Miniature and spontaneous postsynaptic currents (mPSCs and sPSCs) attributable to GABAA and glutamatergic receptor signaling were recorded from GnRH neurons obtained from intact diestrous, OVX, OVX + E (negative feedback), and OVX + E+E (positive feedback) female mice. Approximately 90% of GnRH neurons exhibited spontaneous GABAA-mPSCs in all groups but no significant differences in the frequency or kinetics of mPSCs were found at the times of negative or positive feedback. Approximately 50% of GnRH neurons exhibited spontaneous glutamate mPSCs but again no differences were detected. The same was true for spontaneous PSCs in all cases. These observations indicate that the kinetics of ionotropic GABA and glutamate receptor synaptic transmission to GnRH neurons remain stable across the different estrogen feedback states.
Collapse
|
41
|
Vastagh C, Liposits Z. Impact of Proestrus on Gene Expression in the Medial Preoptic Area of Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:183. [PMID: 28725181 PMCID: PMC5495965 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The antero-ventral periventricular zone (AVPV) and medial preoptic area (MPOA) have been recognized as gonadal hormone receptive regions of the rodent brain that-via wiring to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons-contribute to orchestration of the preovulatory GnRH surge. We hypothesized that neural genes regulating the induction of GnRH surge show altered expression in proestrus. Therefore, we compared the expression of 48 genes obtained from intact proestrous and metestrous mice, respectively, by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) method. Differential expression of 24 genes reached significance (p < 0.05). Genes upregulated in proestrus encoded neuropeptides (kisspeptin (KP), galanin (GAL), neurotensin (NT), cholecystokinin (CCK)), hormone receptors (growth hormone secretagogue receptor, μ-opioid receptor), gonadal steroid receptors (estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), progesterone receptor (PR), androgen receptor (AR)), solute carrier family proteins (vesicular glutamate transporter 2, vesicular monoamine transporter 2), proteins of transmitter synthesis (tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)) and transmitter receptor subunit (AMPA4), and other proteins (uncoupling protein 2, nuclear receptor related 1 protein). Proestrus evoked a marked downregulation of genes coding for adenosine A2a receptor, vesicular gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter, 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, tachykinin precursor 1, NT receptor 3, arginine vasopressin receptor 1A, cannabinoid receptor 1, ephrin receptor A3 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member L1. Immunocytochemistry was used to visualize the proteins encoded by Kiss1, Gal, Cck and Th genes in neuronal subsets of the AVPV/MPOA of the proestrous mice. The results indicate that gene expression of the AVPV/MPOA is significantly modified at late proestrus including genes that code for neuropeptides, gonadal steroid hormone receptors and synaptic vesicle transporters. These events support cellular and neuronal network requirements of the positive estradiol feedback action and contribute to preparation of the GnRH neuron system for the pre-ovulatory surge release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Vastagh
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Liposits
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest, Hungary.,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic UniversityBudapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Rabconnectin-3α is required for the morphological maturation of GnRH neurons and kisspeptin responsiveness. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42463. [PMID: 28209974 PMCID: PMC5314327 DOI: 10.1038/srep42463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A few hundred hypothalamic neurons form a complex network that controls reproduction in mammals by secreting gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Timely postnatal changes in GnRH secretion are essential for pubertal onset. During the juvenile period, GnRH neurons undergo morphological remodeling, concomitantly achieving an increased responsiveness to kisspeptin, the main secretagogue of GnRH. However, the link between GnRH neuron activity and their morphology remains unknown. Here, we show that brain expression levels of Dmxl2, which encodes the vesicular protein rabconnectin-3α, determine the capacity of GnRH neurons to be activated by kisspeptin and estradiol. We also demonstrate that Dmxl2 expression levels control the pruning of GnRH dendrites, highlighting an unexpected role for a vesicular protein in the maturation of GnRH neuronal network. This effect is mediated by rabconnectin-3α in neurons or glial cells afferent to GnRH neurons. The widespread expression of Dmxl2 in several brain areas raises the intriguing hypothesis that rabconnectin-3α could be involved in the maturation of other neuronal populations.
Collapse
|
43
|
Evans MC, Anderson GM. Neuroendocrine integration of nutritional signals on reproduction. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 58:R107-R128. [PMID: 28057770 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive function in mammals is energetically costly and therefore tightly regulated by nutritional status. To enable this integration of metabolic and reproductive function, information regarding peripheral nutritional status must be relayed centrally to the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH) neurons that drive reproductive function. The metabolically relevant hormones leptin, insulin and ghrelin have been identified as key mediators of this 'metabolic control of fertility'. However, the neural circuitry through which they act to exert their control over GNRH drive remains incompletely understood. With the advent of Cre-LoxP technology, it has become possible to perform targeted gene-deletion and gene-rescue experiments and thus test the functional requirement and sufficiency, respectively, of discrete hormone-neuron signaling pathways in the metabolic control of reproductive function. This review discusses the findings from these investigations, and attempts to put them in context with what is known from clinical situations and wild-type animal models. What emerges from this discussion is clear evidence that the integration of nutritional signals on reproduction is complex and highly redundant, and therefore, surprisingly difficult to perturb. Consequently, the deletion of individual hormone-neuron signaling pathways often fails to cause reproductive phenotypes, despite strong evidence that the targeted pathway plays a role under normal physiological conditions. Although transgenic studies rarely reveal a critical role for discrete signaling pathways, they nevertheless prove to be a good strategy for identifying whether a targeted pathway is absolutely required, critically involved, sufficient or dispensable in the metabolic control of fertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maggie C Evans
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of AnatomyUniversity of Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Greg M Anderson
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of AnatomyUniversity of Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Vastagh C, Rodolosse A, Solymosi N, Liposits Z. Altered Expression of Genes Encoding Neurotransmitter Receptors in GnRH Neurons of Proestrous Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:230. [PMID: 27774052 PMCID: PMC5054603 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons play a key role in the central regulation of reproduction. In proestrous female mice, estradiol triggers the pre-ovulatory GnRH surge, however, its impact on the expression of neurotransmitter receptor genes in GnRH neurons has not been explored yet. We hypothesized that proestrus is accompanied by substantial changes in the expression profile of genes coding for neurotransmitter receptors in GnRH neurons. We compared the transcriptome of GnRH neurons obtained from intact, proestrous, and metestrous female GnRH-GFP transgenic mice, respectively. About 1500 individual GnRH neurons were sampled from both groups and their transcriptome was analyzed using microarray hybridization and real-time PCR. In this study, changes in mRNA expression of genes involved in neurotransmitter signaling were investigated. Differential gene expression was most apparent in GABA-ergic (Gabbr1, Gabra3, Gabrb3, Gabrb2, Gabrg2), glutamatergic (Gria1, Gria2, Grin1, Grin3a, Grm1, Slc17a6), cholinergic (Chrnb2, Chrm4) and dopaminergic (Drd3, Drd4), adrenergic (Adra1b, Adra2a, Adra2c), adenosinergic (Adora2a, Adora2b), glycinergic (Glra), purinergic (P2rx7), and serotonergic (Htr1b) receptors. In concert with these events, expression of genes in the signaling pathways downstream to the receptors, i.e., G-proteins (Gnai1, Gnai2, Gnas), adenylate-cyclases (Adcy3, Adcy5), protein kinase A (Prkaca, Prkacb) protein kinase C (Prkca) and certain transporters (Slc1a4, Slc17a6, Slc6a17) were also changed. The marked differences found in the expression of genes involved in neurotransmitter signaling of GnRH neurons at pro- and metestrous stages of the ovarian cycle indicate the differential contribution of these neurotransmitter systems to the induction of the pre-ovulatory GnRH surge, the known prerequisite of the subsequent hormonal cascade inducing ovulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Vastagh
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest, Hungary
| | - Annie Rodolosse
- Functional Genomics Core, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)Barcelona, Spain
| | - Norbert Solymosi
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Herd-Health and Veterinary Ethology, University of Veterinary MedicineBudapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Liposits
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest, Hungary
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic UniversityBudapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal network generates pulse and surge modes of gonadotropin secretion critical for puberty and fertility. The arcuate nucleus kisspeptin neurons that innervate the projections of GnRH neurons in and around their neurosecretory zone are key components of the pulse generator in all mammals. By contrast, kisspeptin neurons located in the preoptic area project to GnRH neuron cell bodies and proximal dendrites and are involved in surge generation in female rodents (and possibly other species). The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis develops embryonically but, apart from short periods of activation immediately after birth, remains suppressed through a combination of gonadal and non-gonadal mechanisms. At puberty onset, the pulse generator reactivates, probably owing to progressive stimulatory influences on GnRH neurons from glial and neurotransmitter signalling, and the re-emergence of stimulatory arcuate kisspeptin input. In females, the development of pulsatile gonadotropin secretion enables final maturation of the surge generator that ultimately triggers the first ovulation. Representation of the GnRH neuronal network as a series of interlocking functional modules could help conceptualization of its functioning in different species. Insights into pulse and surge generation are expected to aid development of therapeutic strategies ameliorating pubertal disorders and infertility in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allan E Herbison
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Expression of ESR1 in Glutamatergic and GABAergic Neurons Is Essential for Normal Puberty Onset, Estrogen Feedback, and Fertility in Female Mice. J Neurosci 2016; 35:14533-43. [PMID: 26511244 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1776-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating estradiol exerts a profound influence on the activity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal network controlling fertility. Using genetic strategies enabling neuron-specific deletion of estrogen receptor α (Esr1), we examine here whether estradiol-modulated GABA and glutamate transmission are critical for the functioning of the GnRH neuron network in the female mouse. Using Vgat- and Vglut2-ires-Cre knock-in mice and ESR1 immunohistochemistry, we demonstrate that subpopulations of GABA and glutamate neurons throughout the limbic forebrain express ESR1, with ESR1-GABAergic neurons being more widespread and numerous than ESR1-glutamatergic neurons. We crossed Vgat- and Vglut2-ires-Cre mice with an Esr1(lox/lox) line to generate animals with GABA-neuron-specific or glutamate-neuron-specific deletion of Esr1. Vgat-ires-Cre;Esr1(lox/lox) mice were infertile, with abnormal estrous cycles, and exhibited a complete failure of the estrogen positive feedback mechanism responsible for the preovulatory GnRH surge. However, puberty onset and estrogen negative feedback were normal. Vglut2-ires-Cre;Esr1(lox/lox) mice were also infertile but displayed a wider range of deficits, including advanced puberty onset, abnormal negative feedback, and abolished positive feedback. Whereas <25% of preoptic kisspeptin neurons expressed Cre in Vgat- and Vglut2-ires-Cre lines, ∼70% of arcuate kisspeptin neurons were targeted in Vglut2-ires-Cre;Esr1(lox/lox) mice, possibly contributing to their advanced puberty phenotype. These observations show that, unexpectedly, ESR1-GABA neurons are only essential for the positive feedback mechanism. In contrast, we reveal the key importance of ESR1 in glutamatergic neurons for multiple estrogen feedback loops within the GnRH neuronal network required for fertility in the female mouse.
Collapse
|
47
|
Watts AG. 60 YEARS OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY: The structure of the neuroendocrine hypothalamus: the neuroanatomical legacy of Geoffrey Harris. J Endocrinol 2015; 226:T25-39. [PMID: 25994006 PMCID: PMC4574488 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In November 1955, Geoffrey Harris published a paper based on the Christian A Herter Lecture he had given earlier that year at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD, USA. The paper reviewed the contemporary research that was starting to explain how the hypothalamus controlled the pituitary gland. In the process of doing so, Harris introduced a set of properties that helped define the neuroendocrine hypothalamus. They included: i) three criteria that putative releasing factors for adenohypophysial hormones would have to fulfill; ii) an analogy between the representation of body parts in the sensory and motor cortices and the spatial localization of neuroendocrine function in the hypothalamus; and iii) the idea that neuroendocrine neurons are motor neurons and the pituitary stalk functions as a Sherringtonian final common pathway through which the impact of sensory and emotional events on neuroendocrine neurons must pass in order to control pituitary hormone release. Were these properties a sign that the major neuroscientific discoveries that were being made in the early 1950s were beginning to influence neuroendocrinology? This Thematic Review discusses two main points: the context and significance of Harris's Herter Lecture for how our understanding of neuroendocrine anatomy (particularly as it relates to the control of the adenohypophysis) has developed since 1955; and, within this framework, how novel and powerful techniques are currently taking our understanding of the structure of the neuroendocrine hypothalamus to new levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan G Watts
- Department of Biological SciencesUSC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Hedco Neuroscience Building, MC 2520, Los Angeles, California 90089-2520, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hu MH, Li XF, McCausland B, Li SY, Gresham R, Kinsey-Jones JS, Gardiner JV, Sam AH, Bloom SR, Poston L, Lightman SL, Murphy KG, O'Byrne KT. Relative Importance of the Arcuate and Anteroventral Periventricular Kisspeptin Neurons in Control of Puberty and Reproductive Function in Female Rats. Endocrinology 2015; 156:2619-31. [PMID: 25875299 PMCID: PMC4475719 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptin plays a critical role in pubertal timing and reproductive function. In rodents, kisspeptin perikarya within the hypothalamic arcuate (ARC) and anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) nuclei are thought to be involved in LH pulse and surge generation, respectively. Using bilateral microinjections of recombinant adeno-associated virus encoding kisspeptin antisense into the ARC or AVPV of female rats at postnatal day 10, we investigated the relative importance of these two kisspeptin populations in the control of pubertal timing, estrous cyclicity, and LH surge and pulse generation. A 37% knockdown of kisspeptin in the AVPV resulted in a significant delay in vaginal opening and first vaginal estrous, abnormal estrous cyclicity, and reduction in the occurrence of spontaneous LH surges, although these retained normal amplitude. This AVPV knockdown had no effect on LH pulse frequency, measured after ovariectomy. A 32% reduction of kisspeptin in the ARC had no effect on the onset of puberty but resulted in abnormal estrous cyclicity and decreased LH pulse frequency. Additionally, the knockdown of kisspeptin in the ARC decreased the amplitude but not the incidence of LH surges. These results might suggest that the role of AVPV kisspeptin in the control of pubertal timing is particularly sensitive to perturbation. In accordance with our previous studies, ARC kisspeptin signaling was critical for normal pulsatile LH secretion in female rats. Despite the widely reported role of AVPV kisspeptin neurons in LH surge generation, this study suggests that both AVPV and ARC populations are essential for normal LH surges and estrous cyclicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Hu
- Division of Women's Health (M.H.H., X.F.L., B.M., S.Y.L., R.G., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Section of Investigative Medicine (J.S.K.-J., J.V.G., A.H.S., S.R.B., K.G.M.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY, United Kingdom
| | - X F Li
- Division of Women's Health (M.H.H., X.F.L., B.M., S.Y.L., R.G., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Section of Investigative Medicine (J.S.K.-J., J.V.G., A.H.S., S.R.B., K.G.M.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY, United Kingdom
| | - B McCausland
- Division of Women's Health (M.H.H., X.F.L., B.M., S.Y.L., R.G., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Section of Investigative Medicine (J.S.K.-J., J.V.G., A.H.S., S.R.B., K.G.M.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY, United Kingdom
| | - S Y Li
- Division of Women's Health (M.H.H., X.F.L., B.M., S.Y.L., R.G., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Section of Investigative Medicine (J.S.K.-J., J.V.G., A.H.S., S.R.B., K.G.M.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY, United Kingdom
| | - R Gresham
- Division of Women's Health (M.H.H., X.F.L., B.M., S.Y.L., R.G., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Section of Investigative Medicine (J.S.K.-J., J.V.G., A.H.S., S.R.B., K.G.M.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY, United Kingdom
| | - J S Kinsey-Jones
- Division of Women's Health (M.H.H., X.F.L., B.M., S.Y.L., R.G., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Section of Investigative Medicine (J.S.K.-J., J.V.G., A.H.S., S.R.B., K.G.M.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY, United Kingdom
| | - J V Gardiner
- Division of Women's Health (M.H.H., X.F.L., B.M., S.Y.L., R.G., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Section of Investigative Medicine (J.S.K.-J., J.V.G., A.H.S., S.R.B., K.G.M.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY, United Kingdom
| | - A H Sam
- Division of Women's Health (M.H.H., X.F.L., B.M., S.Y.L., R.G., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Section of Investigative Medicine (J.S.K.-J., J.V.G., A.H.S., S.R.B., K.G.M.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY, United Kingdom
| | - S R Bloom
- Division of Women's Health (M.H.H., X.F.L., B.M., S.Y.L., R.G., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Section of Investigative Medicine (J.S.K.-J., J.V.G., A.H.S., S.R.B., K.G.M.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY, United Kingdom
| | - L Poston
- Division of Women's Health (M.H.H., X.F.L., B.M., S.Y.L., R.G., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Section of Investigative Medicine (J.S.K.-J., J.V.G., A.H.S., S.R.B., K.G.M.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY, United Kingdom
| | - S L Lightman
- Division of Women's Health (M.H.H., X.F.L., B.M., S.Y.L., R.G., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Section of Investigative Medicine (J.S.K.-J., J.V.G., A.H.S., S.R.B., K.G.M.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY, United Kingdom
| | - K G Murphy
- Division of Women's Health (M.H.H., X.F.L., B.M., S.Y.L., R.G., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Section of Investigative Medicine (J.S.K.-J., J.V.G., A.H.S., S.R.B., K.G.M.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY, United Kingdom
| | - K T O'Byrne
- Division of Women's Health (M.H.H., X.F.L., B.M., S.Y.L., R.G., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Section of Investigative Medicine (J.S.K.-J., J.V.G., A.H.S., S.R.B., K.G.M.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhu J, Xu XH, Knight GE, He C, Burnstock G, Xiang Z. A subpopulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the adult mouse forebrain is γ-Aminobutyric acidergic. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:1611-21. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology; Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology; Ministry of Education; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-hui Xu
- School of Life Science; Shanghai University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Gillian E. Knight
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre; University College Medical School; London United Kingdom
| | - Cheng He
- Department of Neurobiology; Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology; Ministry of Education; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre; University College Medical School; London United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| | - Zhenghua Xiang
- Department of Neurobiology; Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology; Ministry of Education; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Iremonger KJ, Herbison AE. Multitasking in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neuron Dendrites. Neuroendocrinology 2015; 102:1-7. [PMID: 25300776 DOI: 10.1159/000368364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons integrate synaptic information in their dendrites in order to precisely control GnRH secretion and hence fertility. Recent discoveries concerning the structure and function of GnRH neuron dendrites have shed new light on the control of GnRH neuron excitability and GnRH secretion. This work suggests that GnRH neurons have a unique projection to the median eminence that possesses both dendritic and axonal properties. We propose that this 'dendron' projection allows GnRH neurons to multitask and integrate information in ways that would not be possible in a classically envisioned axon projection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl J Iremonger
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | |
Collapse
|