1
|
Eberwein AE, Kulkarni SS, Rushton E, Broadie K. Glycosphingolipids are linked to elevated neurotransmission and neurodegeneration in a Drosophila model of Niemann Pick type C. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050206. [PMID: 37815467 PMCID: PMC10581387 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipid storage disease Niemann Pick type C (NPC) causes neurodegeneration owing primarily to loss of NPC1. Here, we employed a Drosophila model to test links between glycosphingolipids, neurotransmission and neurodegeneration. We found that Npc1a nulls had elevated neurotransmission at the glutamatergic neuromuscular junction (NMJ), which was phenocopied in brainiac (brn) mutants, impairing mannosyl glucosylceramide (MacCer) glycosylation. Npc1a; brn double mutants had the same elevated synaptic transmission, suggesting that Npc1a and brn function within the same pathway. Glucosylceramide (GlcCer) synthase inhibition with miglustat prevented elevated neurotransmission in Npc1a and brn mutants, further suggesting epistasis. Synaptic MacCer did not accumulate in the NPC model, but GlcCer levels were increased, suggesting that GlcCer is responsible for the elevated synaptic transmission. Null Npc1a mutants had heightened neurodegeneration, but no significant motor neuron or glial cell death, indicating that dying cells are interneurons and that elevated neurotransmission precedes neurodegeneration. Glycosphingolipid synthesis mutants also had greatly heightened neurodegeneration, with similar neurodegeneration in Npc1a; brn double mutants, again suggesting that Npc1a and brn function in the same pathway. These findings indicate causal links between glycosphingolipid-dependent neurotransmission and neurodegeneration in this NPC disease model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Eberwein
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Swarat S. Kulkarni
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Emma Rushton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Kendal Broadie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cougnoux A, Yerger JC, Fellmeth M, Serra-Vinardell J, Navid F, Wassif CA, Cawley NX, Porter FD. Reduction of glutamate neurotoxicity: A novel therapeutic approach for Niemann-Pick disease, type C1. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 134:330-336. [PMID: 34802899 PMCID: PMC8767495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 is a progressive, lethal, neurodegenerative disorder due to endolysosomal storage of unesterified cholesterol. Cerebellar ataxia, as a result of progressive loss of cerebellar Purkinje neurons, is a major symptom of Nieman-Pick disease, type C1. Comparing single cell RNAseq data from control (Npc1+/+) and mutant (Npc1-/-) mice, we observed significantly decreased expression of Slc1a3 in Npc1-/- astrocytes. Slc1a3 encodes a glutamate transporter (GLAST, EAAT1) which functions to decrease glutamate concentrations in the post synaptic space after neuronal firing. Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter and elevated extracellular levels of glutamate can be neurotoxic. Impaired EAAT1 function underlies type-6 episodic ataxia, a rare disorder with progressive cerebellar dysfunction, thus suggesting that impaired glutamate uptake in Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 could contribute to disease progression. We now show that decreased expression of Slc1a3 in Npc1-/- mice has functional consequences that include decreased surface protein expression and decreased glutamate uptake by Npc1-/- astrocytes. To test whether glutamate neurotoxicity plays a role in Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 progression, we treated NPC1 deficient mice with ceftriaxone and riluzole. Ceftriaxone is a β-lactam antibiotic that is known to upregulate the expression of Slc1a2, an alternative glial glutamate transporter. Although ceftriaxone increased Slc1a2 expression, we did not observe a treatment effect in NPC1 mutant mice. Riluzole is a glutamate receptor antagonist that inhibits postsynaptic glutamate receptor signaling and reduces the release of glutamate. We found that treatment with riluzole increased median survival in Npc1-/- by 12%. Given that riluzole is an approved drug for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, repurposing of this drug may provide a novel therapeutic approach to decrease disease progression in Niemann-Pick disease type, C1 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antony Cougnoux
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julia C Yerger
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mason Fellmeth
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jenny Serra-Vinardell
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fatemeh Navid
- Pediatric Translational Research Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher A Wassif
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Niamh X Cawley
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Forbes D Porter
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Feng X, Yang F, Rabenstein M, Wang Z, Frech MJ, Wree A, Bräuer AU, Witt M, Gläser A, Hermann A, Rolfs A, Luo J. Stimulation of mGluR1/5 Improves Defective Internalization of AMPA Receptors in NPC1 Mutant Mouse. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:1465-1480. [PMID: 31599924 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) disease is characterized by neurodegeneration caused by cholesterol accumulation in the late endosome/lysosome. In this study, a defective basal and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-stimulated internalization of GluR2-containing AMPA receptors in NPC1-/- cortical neurons was detected. Our results show that the amount of cholesterol and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1/5) in lipid rafts of NPC1-/- cortical tissue and neurons are decreased and their downstream signals of p-ERK are defective, which are restored by a rebalance of cholesterol homeostasis through β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) treatment. Application of 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG)-a mGluR1/5 agonist-and β-CD markedly increases the internalization of AMPA receptors and decreases over-influx of calcium in NPC1-/- neurons, respectively. Furthermore, the defective phosphorylated GluR2 and protein kinase C signals are ameliorated by the treatment with DHPG and β-CD, respectively, suggesting an involvement of them in internalization dysfunction. Taken together, our data imply that abnormal internalization of AMPA receptors is a critical mechanism for neuronal dysfunction and the correction of dysfunctional mGluR1/5 is a potential therapeutic strategy for NPC1 disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Feng
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel", Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock 18147, Germany
| | - Fan Yang
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel", Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock 18147, Germany
| | - Michael Rabenstein
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel", Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock 18147, Germany
| | - Zhen Wang
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Moritz J Frech
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel", Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock 18147, Germany.,Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock 18147, Germany
| | - Andreas Wree
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock 18147, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock 18055, Germany
| | - Anja U Bräuer
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock 18055, Germany.,Research Group Anatomy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg 26129, Germany.,Research Center for Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Martin Witt
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock 18055, Germany
| | - Anne Gläser
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock 18055, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel", Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock 18147, Germany.,Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock 18147, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock 18147, Germany
| | | | - Jiankai Luo
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel", Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock 18147, Germany.,Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock 18147, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cariati I, Masuelli L, Bei R, Tancredi V, Frank C, D’Arcangelo G. Neurodegeneration in Niemann-Pick Type C Disease: An Updated Review on Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Approaches to Counteract Brain and Cognitive Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126600. [PMID: 34202978 PMCID: PMC8234817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann–Pick type C (NPC) disease is an autosomal recessive storage disorder, characterized by abnormal sequestration of unesterified cholesterol in the late endo-lysosomal system of cells. Progressive neurological deterioration and the onset of symptoms, such as ataxia, seizures, cognitive decline, and severe dementia, are pathognomonic features of the disease. In addition, different pathological similarities, including degeneration of hippocampal and cortical neurons, hyperphosphorylated tau, and neurofibrillary tangle formation, have been identified between NPC disease and other neurodegenerative pathologies. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are not yet well understood, and even a real cure to counteract neurodegeneration has not been identified. Therefore, the combination of current pharmacological therapies, represented by miglustat and cyclodextrin, and non-pharmacological approaches, such as physical exercise and appropriate diet, could represent a strategy to improve the quality of life of NPC patients. Based on this evidence, in our review we focused on the neurodegenerative aspects of NPC disease, summarizing the current knowledge on the molecular and biochemical mechanisms responsible for cognitive impairment, and suggesting physical exercise and nutritional treatments as additional non-pharmacologic approaches to reduce the progression and neurodegenerative course of NPC disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Cariati
- Medical-Surgical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Virginia Tancredi
- Department of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Frank
- UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant’Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giovanna D’Arcangelo
- Department of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in Epilepsy: A Review Focusing on AMPA and NMDA Receptors. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030464. [PMID: 32197322 PMCID: PMC7175173 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that glutamate-mediated neuronal hyperexcitation plays a causative role in eliciting seizures. Among glutamate receptors, the roles of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors in physiological and pathological conditions represent major clinical research targets. It is well known that agonists of NMDA or AMPA receptors can elicit seizures in animal or human subjects, while antagonists have been shown to inhibit seizures in animal models, suggesting a potential role for NMDA and AMPA receptor antagonists in anti-seizure drug development. Several such drugs have been evaluated in clinical studies; however, the majority, mainly NMDA-receptor antagonists, failed to demonstrate adequate efficacy and safety for therapeutic use, and only an AMPA-receptor antagonist, perampanel, has been approved for the treatment of some forms of epilepsy. These results suggest that a misunderstanding of the role of each glutamate receptor in the ictogenic process may underlie the failure of these drugs to demonstrate clinical efficacy and safety. Accumulating knowledge of both NMDA and AMPA receptors, including pathological gene mutations, roles in autoimmune epilepsy, and evidence from drug-discovery research and pharmacological studies, may provide valuable information enabling the roles of both receptors in ictogenesis to be reconsidered. This review aimed to integrate information from several studies in order to further elucidate the specific roles of NMDA and AMPA receptors in epilepsy.
Collapse
|
6
|
Alteration of GABAergic Input Precedes Neurodegeneration of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells of NPC1-Deficient Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246288. [PMID: 31847086 PMCID: PMC6940741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1 (NPC1) is a rare hereditary neurodegenerative disease belonging to the family of lysosomal storage disorders. NPC1-patients suffer from, amongst other symptoms, ataxia, based on the dysfunction and loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells. Alterations in synaptic transmission are believed to contribute to a pathological mechanism leading to the progressive loss of Purkinje cells observed in NPC1-deficient mice. With regard to inhibitory synaptic transmission, alterations of GABAergic synapses are described but functional data are missing. For this reason, we have examined here the inhibitory GABAergic synaptic transmission of Purkinje cells of NPC1-deficient mice (NPC1−/−). Patch clamp recordings of inhibitory post-synaptic currents (IPSCs) of Purkinje cells revealed an increased frequency of GABAergic IPSCs in NPC1−/− mice. In addition, Purkinje cells of NPC1−/− mice were less amenable for modulation of synaptic transmission via the activation of excitatory NMDA-receptors (NMDA-Rs). Western blot testing disclosed a reduced protein level of phosphorylated alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPA-Rs) subunit GluA2 in the cerebella of NPC1−/− mice, indicating a disturbance in the internalization of GluA2-containing AMPA-Rs. Since this is triggered by the activation of NMDA-Rs, we conclude that a disturbance in the synaptic turnover of AMPA-Rs underlies the defective inhibitory GABAergic synaptic transmission. While these alterations precede obvious signs of neurodegeneration of Purkinje cells, we propose a contribution of synaptic malfunction to the initiation of the loss of Purkinje cells in NPC1. Thus, a prevention of the disturbance of synaptic transmission in early stages of the disease might display a target with which to avert progressive neurodegeneration in NPC1.
Collapse
|
7
|
Belfiore M, Cariati I, Matteucci A, Gaddini L, Macchia G, Fioravanti R, Frank C, Tancredi V, D'Arcangelo G, Diociaiuti M. Calcitonin native prefibrillar oligomers but not monomers induce membrane damage that triggers NMDA-mediated Ca 2+-influx, LTP impairment and neurotoxicity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5144. [PMID: 30914688 PMCID: PMC6435710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid protein misfolding results in a self-assembling aggregation process, characterized by the formation of typical aggregates. The attention is focused on pre-fibrillar oligomers (PFOs), formed in the early stages and supposed to be neurotoxic. PFOs structure may change due to their instability and different experimental protocols. Consequently, it is difficult to ascertain which aggregation species are actually neurotoxic. We used salmon Calcitonin (sCT) as an amyloid model whose slow aggregation rate allowed to prepare stable samples without photochemical cross-linking. Intracellular Ca2+ rise plays a fundamental role in amyloid protein-induced neurodegerations. Two paradigms have been explored: (i) the "membrane permeabilization" due to the formation of amyloid pores or other types of membrane damage; (ii) "receptor-mediated" modulation of Ca2+ channels. In the present paper, we tested the effects of native sCT PFOs- with respect to Monomer-enriched solutions in neurons characterized by an increasing degree of differentiation, in terms of -Ca2+-influx, cellular viability, -Long-Term Potentiation impairment, Post-Synaptic Densities and synaptophysin expression. Results indicated that PFOs-, but not Monomer-enriched solutions, induced abnormal -Ca2+-influx, which could only in part be ascribed to NMDAR activation. Thus, we propose an innovative neurotoxicity mechanism for amyloid proteins where "membrane permeabilization" and "receptor-mediated" paradigms coexist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Belfiore
- National Center for Rare Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ida Cariati
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Matteucci
- National Center for Drug Research and Evalutation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Gaddini
- National Center for Drug Research and Evalutation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Raoul Fioravanti
- National Center for Rare Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,Chemistry Department, University "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Frank
- National Center for Rare Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Tancredi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Diociaiuti
- National Center for Rare Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Psychiatric and Cognitive Symptoms Associated with Niemann-Pick Type C Disease: Neurobiology and Management. CNS Drugs 2019; 33:125-142. [PMID: 30632019 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-018-0599-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a lysosomal storage disorder that presents with a spectrum of clinical manifestations from infancy and childhood or in early or mid-adulthood. Progressive neurological symptoms including ataxia, dystonia and vertical gaze palsy are a hallmark of the disease, and psychiatric symptoms such as psychosis and mood disorders are common. These latter symptoms often present early in the course of NPC and thus these patients are often diagnosed with a major psychotic or affective disorder before neurological and cognitive signs present and the diagnosis is revised. The commonalities and characteristics of psychotic symptoms in both NPC and schizophrenia may share neuronal pathways and mechanisms and provide potential targets for research in both disorders. The neurobiology of NPC and its relationship to the pattern of neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms is described in this review. A number of neurobiological models are proposed as mechanisms by which NPC causes psychiatric and cognitive symptoms, informed from models proposed in schizophrenia and other metabolic disorders. There are a number of symptomatic and illness-modifying treatments for NPC currently available. The current evidence is discussed; focussing on two medications which have shown promise, miglustat and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin.
Collapse
|
9
|
Parkinson GT, Hanley JG. Mechanisms of AMPA Receptor Endosomal Sorting. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:440. [PMID: 30568574 PMCID: PMC6289981 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of synaptic AMPA receptors (AMPARs) is critical for excitatory synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity and the consequent formation of neural circuits during brain development and their modification during learning and memory processes. The number of synaptic AMPARs is regulated through endocytosis, exocytosis and endosomal sorting that results in recycling back to the plasma membrane or degradation in the lysosome. Hence, endo-lysosomal sorting is vitally important in maintaining AMPAR expression at the synapse, and the dynamic regulation of these trafficking events is a key component of synaptic plasticity. A reduction in synaptic strength such as in long-term depression (LTD) involves AMPAR sorting to lysosomes to reduce synaptic AMPAR number, whereas long-term potentiation (LTP) involves an increase in AMPAR recycling to increase the number of AMPARs at synapses. Here, we review our current understanding of the endosomal trafficking routes taken by AMPARs, and the mechanisms involved in AMPAR endosomal sorting, focussing on the numerous AMPAR associated proteins that have been implicated in this complex process. We also discuss how these events are dysregulated in brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle T Parkinson
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity and School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan G Hanley
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity and School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
McKenna MC, Schuck PF, Ferreira GC. Fundamentals of CNS energy metabolism and alterations in lysosomal storage diseases. J Neurochem 2018; 148:590-599. [PMID: 30144055 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The brain has a very high requirement for energy. Adult brain relies on glucose as an energy substrate, whereas developing brain can utilize alternative substrates as well as glucose for energy and for the biosynthesis of lipids and proteins required for brain development. Metabolism provides the energy required to support all cellular functions and brain development and building blocks for macromolecules. Lysosomes are organelles involved in breakdown of biological compounds including proteins and complex lipids in the body and brain. Recent studies suggest that lysosomal dysfunction can damage neurons and/or alter neurotransmitter homeostasis. Several studies also implicate mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of brain damage in lysosomal storage diseases. This manuscript provides a brief review of energy metabolism and the key pathways involved in metabolism in brain. Roles of lysosomes related to metabolism and neurotransmission are discussed, and evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction in several lysosomal storage diseases is presented. This article is part of the Special Issue "Lysosomal Storage Disorders".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary C McKenna
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Patricia F Schuck
- School of Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gustavo C Ferreira
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Feng X, Bader BM, Yang F, Segura M, Schultz L, Schröder OHU, Rolfs A, Luo J. Improvement of impaired electrical activity in NPC1 mutant cortical neurons upon DHPG stimulation detected by micro-electrode array. Brain Res 2018; 1694:87-93. [PMID: 29753706 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick Type C1 (NPC1) disease is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease characterized by an excessive accumulation of unesterified cholesterol in late endosomes/lysosomes. Patients with NPC1 disease show a series of symptoms in neuropathology, including a gradually increased loss of motor control and seizures. However, mechanism of the neurological manifestations in NPC1 disease is not fully understood yet. In this study, we utilized the micro-electrode array (MEA) to analyze the spontaneous extracellular electrical activity in cultivated cortical neurons of the NPC1 mutant (NPC1-/-) mouse. Our results show a decrease of the spontaneous electrical activity in NPC1-/- neuronal network when compared to wild type neurons, as indicated by the decreased spike rate, burst rate, event rate, and the increased burst period and event period. Application of 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG), a specific agonist of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors, improved the electrical activity of the NPC1-/- neuronal network, suggesting that DHPG can be used as a potential therapeutic strategy for recovery of the electrical activity in NPC1 disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Feng
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Benjamin M Bader
- NeuroProof GmbH, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Fan Yang
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Monica Segura
- NeuroProof GmbH, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Luise Schultz
- NeuroProof GmbH, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Olaf H-U Schröder
- NeuroProof GmbH, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Arndt Rolfs
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jiankai Luo
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany; Centre for Transdisciplinary Neuroscience Rostock, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hassan SS, Trenado C, Elben S, Schnitzler A, Groiss SJ. Alteration of cortical excitability and its modulation by Miglustat in Niemann-Pick disease type C. J Clin Neurosci 2017; 47:214-217. [PMID: 29074317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NP-C) is a rare, neurodegenerative, lysosomal storage disease. Cortical excitability using different transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocols together with clinical and neuropsychological testing was longitudinally assessed in a patient with NP-C. Cerebellar inhibition, a measure for the integrity of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical network, was impaired. Short-latency afferent inhibition, a measure for cholinergic transmission, and cognitive functions were also impaired and improved under Miglustat treatment. Short interval intracortical facilitation, a marker for glutamatergic neurotransmission, was absent initially but increased after treatment with Miglustat. Our results provide new insights into pathophysiological mechanisms of NP-C and the response to Miglustat treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shady Safwat Hassan
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Carlos Trenado
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Saskia Elben
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alfons Schnitzler
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Jun Groiss
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lo Castro A, Murdocca M, Pucci S, Zaratti A, Greggi C, Sangiuolo F, Tancredi V, Frank C, D'Arcangelo G. Early Hippocampal i-LTP and LOX-1 Overexpression Induced by Anoxia: A Potential Role in Neurodegeneration in NPC Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071442. [PMID: 28678158 PMCID: PMC5535933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPCD) is an autosomal recessive storage disorder, characterized by abnormal sequestration of unesterified cholesterol within the late endo-lysosomal compartment of cells. In the central nervous system, hypoxic insults could result in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and Lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) induction, leading to a pathological hippocampal response, namely, ischemic long-term potentiation (i-LTP). These events may correlate with the progressive neural loss observed in NPCD. To test these hypotheses, hippocampal slices from Wild Type (WT) and NPC1−/− mice were prepared, and field potential in the CA1 region was analyzed during transient oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD). Moreover, LOX-1 expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR, immunocytochemical, and Western blot analyses before and after an anoxic episode. Our results demonstrate the development of a precocious i-LTP in NPC1−/− mice during OGD application. We also observed a higher expression of LOX-1 transcript and protein in NPC1−/− mice with respect to WT mice; after anoxic damage to LOX-1 expression, a further increase in both NPC1−/− and WT mice was observed, although the protein expression seems to be delayed, suggesting a different kinetic of induction. These data clearly suggest an elevated susceptibility to neurodegeneration in NPC1−/− mice due to oxidative stress. The observed up-regulation of LOX-1 in the hippocampus of NPC1−/− mice may also open a new scenario in which new biomarkers can be identified.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression
- Glucose/metabolism
- Hippocampus/blood supply
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- Hippocampus/physiopathology
- Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/genetics
- Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/metabolism
- Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/physiopathology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Long-Term Potentiation
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C/etiology
- Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C/metabolism
- Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C/pathology
- Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C/physiopathology
- Oxidative Stress
- Oxygen/metabolism
- Scavenger Receptors, Class E/genetics
- Scavenger Receptors, Class E/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Lo Castro
- Department of Medical System, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy.
| | - Michela Murdocca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy.
| | - Sabina Pucci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy.
| | - Anna Zaratti
- CNMR, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Roma, Rome 00161, Italy.
| | - Chiara Greggi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy.
| | - Federica Sangiuolo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy.
| | - Virginia Tancredi
- Department of Medical System, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy.
| | - Claudio Frank
- CNMR, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Roma, Rome 00161, Italy.
| | - Giovanna D'Arcangelo
- Department of Medical System, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rabenstein M, Peter F, Joost S, Trilck M, Rolfs A, Frech MJ. Decreased calcium flux in Niemann-Pick type C1 patient-specific iPSC-derived neurons due to higher amount of calcium-impermeable AMPA receptors. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 83:27-36. [PMID: 28666962 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) is a rare progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, resulting mainly in the accumulation of cholesterol and the ganglioside GM2. Recently, we described accumulations of these lipids in neuronal differentiated cells derived from NPC1 patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). As these lipids are essential for proper cell membrane composition, we were interested in the expression and function of voltage-gated ion channels and excitatory AMPA receptors (AMPARs) in neurons derived from three patient-specific iPSC lines. By means of patch clamp recordings and microfluorimetric measurements of calcium (Ca2+), we examined the expression of voltage-gated ion channels and AMPARs. Cells of the three used cell lines carrying the c.1836A>C/c.1628delC, the c.1180T>C or the c.3182T>C mutation demonstrated a significantly reduced AMPA-induced Ca2+-influx, suggesting an altered expression profile of these receptors. RT-qPCR revealed a significant upregulation of mRNA for the AMPA receptor subunits GluA1 and GluA2 and western blot analysis showed increased protein level of GluA2. Thus, we conclude that the observed reduced Ca2+-influx is based on an increase of GluA2 containing Ca2+-impermeable AMPARs. An attenuated function of GluRs in neurons potentially contributes to the progressive neurodegeneration observed in NPC1 and might represent an objective in regard of the development of new therapeutic approaches in NPC1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rabenstein
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration (AKos), University Medicine Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, D-18147 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Franziska Peter
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration (AKos), University Medicine Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, D-18147 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Sarah Joost
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration (AKos), University Medicine Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, D-18147 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Michaela Trilck
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration (AKos), University Medicine Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, D-18147 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Arndt Rolfs
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration (AKos), University Medicine Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, D-18147 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Moritz J Frech
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration (AKos), University Medicine Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, D-18147 Rostock, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
The Response to Oxidative DNA Damage in Neurons: Mechanisms and Disease. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:3619274. [PMID: 26942017 PMCID: PMC4752990 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3619274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence indicating that the mechanisms that control genome stability are of key importance in the development and function of the nervous system. The major threat for neurons is oxidative DNA damage, which is repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Functional mutations of enzymes that are involved in the processing of single-strand breaks (SSB) that are generated during BER have been causally associated with syndromes that present important neurological alterations and cognitive decline. In this review, the plasticity of BER during neurogenesis and the importance of an efficient BER for correct brain function will be specifically addressed paying particular attention to the brain region and neuron-selectivity in SSB repair-associated neurological syndromes and age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
16
|
Miglustat Reverts the Impairment of Synaptic Plasticity in a Mouse Model of NPC Disease. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:3830424. [PMID: 26885401 PMCID: PMC4738957 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3830424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C disease is an autosomal recessive storage disorder, characterized by abnormal sequestration of unesterified cholesterol within the late endolysosomal compartment of cells and accumulation of gangliosides and other sphingolipids. Progressive neurological deterioration and insurgence of symptoms like ataxia, seizure, and cognitive decline until severe dementia are pathognomonic features of the disease. Here, we studied synaptic plasticity phenomena and evaluated ERKs activation in the hippocampus of BALB/c NPC1-/- mice, a well described animal model of the disease. Our results demonstrated an impairment of both induction and maintenance of long term synaptic potentiation in NPC1-/- mouse slices, associated with the lack of ERKs phosphorylation. We then investigated the effects of Miglustat, a recent approved drug for the treatment of NPCD. We found that in vivo Miglustat administration in NPC1-/- mice was able to rescue synaptic plasticity deficits, to restore ERKs activation and to counteract hyperexcitability. Overall, these data indicate that Miglustat may be effective for treating the neurological deficits associated with NPCD, such as seizures and dementia.
Collapse
|
17
|
Palladino G, Loizzo S, Fortuna A, Canterini S, Palombi F, Erickson RP, Mangia F, Fiorenza MT. Visual evoked potentials of Niemann-Pick type C1 mice reveal an impairment of the visual pathway that is rescued by 2-hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015; 10:133. [PMID: 26458950 PMCID: PMC4603821 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-015-0348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The lysosomal storage disorder, Niemann Pick type C1 (NPC1), presents a variable phenotype including neurovisceral and neurological symptoms. 2-Hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin (HPßCD)-based therapies are presently the most promising route of intervention. While severe cerebellar dysfunction remains the main disabling feature of NPC1, sensory functions including auditory and olfactory ones are also affected. Morphological and functional anomalies of Npc1−/− mouse retina have also been observed, although the functional integrity of the visual pathway from retina to visual cortex is still unsettled. We have addressed this issue by characterizing the visual evoked potential (VEP) response of Npc1−/− mice and determining if/how HPßCD administration influences the VEPs of both Npc1−/− and Npc1+/+ mice. Methods VEP elicited by a brief visual stimulus were recorded from the scalp overlying the visual cortex of adult (PN, postnatal days 60, 75, 85 and 100) Npc1+/+ and Npc1−/− mice that had received repeated injections of either HPßCD or plain vehicle. The first injection was given at PN4 and was followed by a second one at PN7 and thereafter by weekly injections up to PN49. Cholesterol accumulation and myelin loss were finally assessed by filipin staining and myelin basic protein immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results and discussion We have found that the transmission of visual signals from retina to visual cortex is negatively influenced by the loss of Npc1 function. In fact, the VEP response of Npc1−/− mice displayed a highly significant increase in the latency compared to that of Npc1+/+ mice. HPßCD administration fully rescued this defect and counteracted the cholesterol accumulation in retinal ganglion cells and dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus neurons, as well as the myelin loss in optic nerve fibers and axons projecting to the visual cortex observed in of Npc1−/− mice. By contrast, HPßCD administration had no effect on the VEP response of Npc1+/+ mice, further strengthening the treatment efficacy. Conclusions This study pinpoints the analysis of VEP response as a potentially accurate and non-invasive approach to assess neural activity and visual information processing in NPC1 patients, as well as for monitoring the progression of the disease and assessing the efficacy of potential therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13023-015-0348-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giampiero Palladino
- Department of Psychology, Section of Neuroscience and "Daniel Bovet" Neurobiology Research Center, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Loizzo
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, via Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Fortuna
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, via Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Canterini
- Department of Psychology, Section of Neuroscience and "Daniel Bovet" Neurobiology Research Center, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Fioretta Palombi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert P Erickson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5073, USA
| | - Franco Mangia
- Department of Psychology, Section of Neuroscience and "Daniel Bovet" Neurobiology Research Center, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fiorenza
- Department of Psychology, Section of Neuroscience and "Daniel Bovet" Neurobiology Research Center, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Buard I, Pfrieger FW. Relevance of neuronal and glial NPC1 for synaptic input to cerebellar Purkinje cells. Mol Cell Neurosci 2014; 61:65-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
19
|
The Italian National Centre for Rare Diseases: where research and public health translate into action. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2014; 12 Suppl 3:s591-605. [PMID: 24922300 DOI: 10.2450/2014.0040-14s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
20
|
Increased neuronal activity fragments the Golgi complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:1482-7. [PMID: 23297202 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1220978110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi complex is essential for many aspects of cellular function, including trafficking and sorting of membrane and secretory proteins and posttranslational modification by glycosylation. We observed reversible fragmentation of the Golgi complex in cultured hippocampal neurons cultured in hyperexcitable conditions. In addition, Golgi fragmentation was found in cultured neurons with hyperactivity due to prolonged blockade of GABA(A)-mediated inhibition or withdrawal of NMDA receptor antagonism. The interplay between neuronal hyperactivity and Golgi structure established in this study thus reveals a previously uncharacterized impact of neuronal activity on organelle structure. This finding may have important roles in protein processing and trafficking in the Golgi as well as effects on neuronal signaling.
Collapse
|
21
|
Sebastião AM, Colino-Oliveira M, Assaife-Lopes N, Dias RB, Ribeiro JA. Lipid rafts, synaptic transmission and plasticity: impact in age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Neuropharmacology 2012; 64:97-107. [PMID: 22820274 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The synapse is a crowded area. In the last years, the concept that proteins can be organized in different membrane domains according to their structure has emerged. Cholesterol-rich membrane domains, or lipid rafts, form an organized portion of the membrane that is thought to concentrate signaling molecules. Accumulating evidence has shown that both the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic sites are highly enriched in lipid rafts, which are likely to organize and maintain synaptic proteins in their precise localization. Here we review recent studies highlighting the importance of lipid rafts for synaptic function and plasticity, as well as their relevance for age or disease-related cognitive impairment. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Cognitive Enhancers'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Sebastião
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kovács AD, Saje A, Wong A, Ramji S, Cooper JD, Pearce DA. Age-dependent therapeutic effect of memantine in a mouse model of juvenile Batten disease. Neuropharmacology 2012; 63:769-75. [PMID: 22683643 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently there is no treatment for juvenile Batten disease, a fatal childhood neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the CLN3 gene. The Cln3-knockout (Cln3(Δex1-6)) mouse model recapitulates several features of the human disorder. Cln3(Δex1-6) mice, similarly to juvenile Batten disease patients, have a motor coordination deficit detectable as early as postnatal day 14. Previous studies demonstrated that acute attenuation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA)-type glutamate receptor activity by the non-competitive AMPA antagonist, EGIS-8332, in both 1- and 6-7-month-old Cln3(Δex1-6) mice results in improvement in motor coordination. Here we show that acute inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors by memantine (1 and 5 mg/kg i.p.) had no effect on the impaired motor coordination of one-month-old Cln3(Δex1-6) mice. At a later stage of the disease, in 6-7-month-old Cln3(Δex1-6) mice, memantine induced a delayed but extended (8 days) improvement of motor skills similarly to that observed previously with EGIS-8332 treatment. An age-dependent therapeutic effect of memantine implies that the pathomechanism in juvenile Batten disease changes during disease progression. In contrast to acute treatment, repeated administration of memantine or EGIS-8332 (1 mg/kg, once a week for 4 weeks) to 6-month-old Cln3(Δex1-6) mice had no beneficial effect on motor coordination. Moreover, repeated treatments did not impact microglial activation or the survival of vulnerable neuron populations. Memantine did not affect astrocytosis in the cortex. EGIS-8332, however, decreased astrocytic activation in the somatosensory barrelfield cortex. Acute inhibition of NMDA receptors can induce a prolonged therapeutic effect, identifying NMDA receptors as a new therapeutic target for juvenile Batten disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attila D Kovács
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research/USD, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|