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Park Y, Coccia MA, Prather AA, Epel ES. Maternal caregiving stress and metabolic health: Sexual activity as a potential buffer. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 167:107068. [PMID: 38820717 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Chronic stress lead to dysregulation of metabolic hormones, creating risk for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Based on previous work suggesting the potential for sexual activity to relieve psychological stress and reduce stress-related neuroendocrine activity, the present research explored sexual activity as a protective factor. We focused on chronic stress in the form of caregiving stress, comparing premenopausal mothers of a child with an autism spectrum disorder vs. a neurotypical child, in relation to metabolic hormones - insulin (and insulin resistance as assessed by HOMA), leptin, and ghrelin. Then, we explored the moderating role of sexual activity. Our results showed that high-stress mothers showed higher levels of insulin, insulin resistance, and lower levels of ghrelin compared to low-stress mothers. However, sexual activity modulated these associations such that among mothers who were sexually active (as coded from their daily diaries), no significant differences in these outcomes were observed between groups. This buffering effect of sexual activity was distinguishable from the buffering effect of physical activity and independent of global relationship satisfaction. Together, our findings provide novel evidence supporting the potential protective effects of sexual activity from chronic stress-related metabolic disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoobin Park
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, 675 18th Street, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA.
| | - Michael A Coccia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, 675 18th Street, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Aric A Prather
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, 675 18th Street, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Elissa S Epel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, 675 18th Street, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
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2
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Kim EJ, Kim JJ. Neurocognitive effects of stress: a metaparadigm perspective. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2750-2763. [PMID: 36759545 PMCID: PMC9909677 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01986-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Stressful experiences, both physical and psychological, that are overwhelming (i.e., inescapable and unpredictable), can measurably affect subsequent neuronal properties and cognitive functioning of the hippocampus. At the cellular level, stress has been shown to alter hippocampal synaptic plasticity, spike and local field potential activity, dendritic morphology, neurogenesis, and neurodegeneration. At the behavioral level, stress has been found to impair learning and memory for declarative (or explicit) tasks that are based on cognition, such as verbal recall memory in humans and spatial memory in rodents, while facilitating those that are based on emotion, such as differential fear conditioning in humans and contextual fear conditioning in rodents. These vertically related alterations in the hippocampus, procedurally observed after subjects have undergone stress, are generally believed to be mediated by recurrently elevated circulating hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis effector hormones, glucocorticoids, directly acting on hippocampal neurons densely populated with corticosteroid receptors. The main purposes of this review are to (i) provide a synopsis of the neurocognitive effects of stress in a historical context that led to the contemporary HPA axis dogma of basic and translational stress research, (ii) critically reappraise the necessity and sufficiency of the glucocorticoid hypothesis of stress, and (iii) suggest an alternative metaparadigm approach to monitor and manipulate the progression of stress effects at the neural coding level. Real-time analyses can reveal neural activity markers of stress in the hippocampus that can be used to extrapolate neurocognitive effects across a range of stress paradigms (i.e., resolve scaling and dichotomous memory effects issues) and understand individual differences, thereby providing a novel neurophysiological scaffold for advancing future stress research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeansok J Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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3
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Hadipour M, Refahi S, Jangravi Z, Meftahi GH. Tarooneh extract relieves anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive deficits by inhibiting synaptic loss in the hippocampus and frontal cortex in rats subjected to chronic restraint stress. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:156. [PMID: 37152003 PMCID: PMC10154453 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03577-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In traditional medicine, Tarooneh (a hardcover of the date palm; Phoenix dactylifera) has known as a sedative and relaxant medicine. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of Tarooneh in the anxiety-like behavior, cognitive deficit, and neuronal damages in the CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG) regions of the hippocampus and frontal cortex neurons employing a rat model of chronic restraint stress. The animal received Tarooneh extract for 14 consecutive days in water, and chronic restraint stress was performed daily during this period. The results of the Barnes maze test showed that treatment with Tarooneh significantly improves spatial memory parameters such as latency time to find the target hole, number of errors, and distance traveling compared to the stress group. The EPM results showed that Tarooneh significantly increased the time spent in open arms and the percentage of entries into open arms and significantly decreased the frequency of head dipping behavior compared to animals in the stress group. Golgi-Cox staining indicates that loss of neural spine density in DG, CA1, CA3, and frontal cortex due to chronic restraint stress, was prevented with daily administration of Tarooneh. The results of cresyl-violet staining indicate that Tarooneh significantly increased the number of CV-positive neurons in the frontal cortex and CA1 region of the hippocampus compared to the stress group. Our results suggest that Tarooneh potentially prevented and improved effects in anxiety-like behavior, memory impairment, and synaptic plasticity loss in frontal and hippocampal neurons induced by chronic restraint stress. In conclusion, our results suggest that Tarooneh prevented and improved anxiety-like behavior, cognitive deficit, and neuronal damages in the CA1, CA3, and DG regions of the hippocampus and frontal cortex neurons induced by chronic restraint stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soheila Refahi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Zohreh Jangravi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ménard S, Gelez H, Coria-Avila GA, Pfaus JG. Sexual experience increases oxytocin, but not vasopressin, receptor densities in the medial preoptic area, ventromedial hypothalamus, and central amygdala of male rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 146:105900. [PMID: 36041295 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) are considered to be principal neurochemical substrates of bonding in monogamous species. We have reported previously that conditioning of a sexual partner preference in male rats resulted in conditioned activation of OT and VP neurons in hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptc nuclei. Here we asked whether such conditioning would also alter OT or VP receptor densities. Sexually naïve male rats were assigned to one of three groups (n = 15/group). The Paired group received 9 copulatory training trials with sexually receptive females scented with a neutral almond odor. The Unpaired group received 9 copulatory training trials with unscented sexually receptive females. The Naïve group were not given sexual experience. Paired and Unpaired males were given a final test in an open field with two receptive females, one scented and the other unscented, to assess the development of conditioned ejaculatory preference (CEP), which was expressed significantly in the Paired group. Brains from rats in the three groups were then assessed for OT receptor (OTR) or VP1a receptor (VPR) densities within cortical, limbic and hypothalamic structures using autoradiography with selective 125I-labeled receptor ligands. Sexual experience alone increased OTR significantly in the medial preoptic area (mPOA), ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), and central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) in both Paired- and Unpaired-trained males compared to sexually Naïve males. No differences were found for experience on VPR densities in any region. These data add to a growing body of evidence that sexual experience alters brain function and processing of sex-related cues, and suggest that enhanced activation of OTRs in the mPOA, VMH, and CeA by conditioned OT release in those regions may underlie CEP in the male rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shann Ménard
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology,Concordia University, Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Hélène Gelez
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology,Concordia University, Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; Pelvipharm Laboratories, University of Versailles, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Genaro A Coria-Avila
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology,Concordia University, Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, VER 91193, Mexico
| | - James G Pfaus
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology,Concordia University, Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; Department of Psychology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, 18200, Prague, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Sexual Neuroscience, Center for Sexual Health and Intervention, Czech National Institute of Mental Health, 25067 Klecany, Czech Republic.
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5
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García-Gómez L, Castillo-Fernández I, Perez-Villalba A. In the pursuit of new social neurons. Neurogenesis and social behavior in mice: A systematic review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1011657. [PMID: 36407114 PMCID: PMC9672322 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1011657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Social behaviors have become more relevant to our understanding of the human nervous system because relationships with our peers may require and modulate adult neurogenesis. Here, we review the pieces of evidence we have to date for the divergence of social behaviors in mice by modulation of adult neurogenesis or if social behaviors and the social environment can drive a change in neurogenic processes. Social recognition and memory are deeply affected by antimitotic drugs and irradiation, while NSC transgenic mice may run with lower levels of social discrimination. Interestingly, social living conditions can create a big impact on neurogenesis. Social isolation and social defeat reduce the number of new neurons, while social dominance and enrichment of the social environment increase their number. These new “social neurons” trigger functional modifications with amazing transgenerational effects. All of these suggest that we are facing two bidirectional intertwined variables, and the great challenge now is to understand the cellular and genetic mechanisms that allow this relationship to be used therapeutically.
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Poor body condition is associated with lower hippocampal plasticity and higher gut methanogen abundance in adult laying hens from two housing systems. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15505. [PMID: 36109559 PMCID: PMC9477867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18504-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
It is still unclear which commercial housing system provides the best quality of life for laying hens. In addition, there are large individual differences in stress levels within a system. Hippocampal neurogenesis or plasticity may provide an integrated biomarker of the stressors experienced by an individual. We selected 12 adult hens each with good and poor body condition (based on body size, degree of feather cover and redness of the comb) from a multi-tier free range system containing H&N strain hens, and from an enriched cage system containing Hy-Line hens (n = 48 total). Immature neurons expressing doublecortin (DCX) were quantified in the hippocampus, contents of the caecal microbiome were sequenced, and expression of inflammatory cytokines was measured in the spleen. DCX+ cell densities did not differ between the housing systems. In both systems, poor condition hens had lower DCX+ cell densities, exhibited elevated splenic expression of interleukin-6 (IL6) mRNA, and had a higher relative caecal abundance of methanogenic archea Methanomethylophilaceae. The findings suggest poor body condition is an indicator that individual hens have experienced a comparatively greater degree of cumulative chronic stress, and that a survey of the proportion of hens with poor body conditions might be one way to evaluate the impact of housing systems on hen welfare.
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Jorgensen C, Wang Z. Hormonal Regulation of Mammalian Adult Neurogenesis: A Multifaceted Mechanism. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081151. [PMID: 32781670 PMCID: PMC7465680 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis—resulting in adult-generated functioning, integrated neurons—is still one of the most captivating research areas of neuroplasticity. The addition of new neurons in adulthood follows a seemingly consistent multi-step process. These neurogenic stages include proliferation, differentiation, migration, maturation/survival, and integration of new neurons into the existing neuronal network. Most studies assessing the impact of exogenous (e.g., restraint stress) or endogenous (e.g., neurotrophins) factors on adult neurogenesis have focused on proliferation, survival, and neuronal differentiation. This review will discuss the multifaceted impact of hormones on these various stages of adult neurogenesis. Specifically, we will review the evidence for hormonal facilitation (via gonadal hormones), inhibition (via glucocorticoids), and neuroprotection (via recruitment of other neurochemicals such as neurotrophin and neuromodulators) on newly adult-generated neurons in the mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Jorgensen
- Behavioral Science Department, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT 84058, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Zuoxin Wang
- Psychology Department and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
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8
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Abstract
In the adult mammalian hippocampus, new neurons arise from stem and progenitor cell division, in a process known as adult neurogenesis. Adult-generated neurons are sensitive to experience and may participate in hippocampal functions, including learning and memory, anxiety and stress regulation, and social behavior. Increasing evidence emphasizes the importance of new neuron connectivity within hippocampal circuitry for understanding the impact of adult neurogenesis on brain function. In this Review, we discuss how the functional consequences of new neurons arise from the collective interactions of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons, glial cells, and the extracellular matrix, which together form the "tetrapartite synapse."
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise C Cope
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gould
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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9
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Energy Restriction Enhances Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis-Associated Memory after Four Weeks in an Adult Human Population with Central Obesity; a Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030638. [PMID: 32121111 PMCID: PMC7146388 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, the generation of new neurons throughout life, occurs in the subventricular zone of the dentate gyrus in the human hippocampal formation. It has been shown in rodents that adult hippocampal neurogenesis is needed for pattern separation, the ability to differentially encode small changes derived from similar inputs, and recognition memory, as well as the ability to recognize previously encountered stimuli. Improved hippocampus-dependent cognition and cellular readouts of adult hippocampal neurogenesis have been reported in daily energy restricted and intermittent fasting adult mice. Evidence that nutrition can significantly affect brain structure and function is increasing substantially. This randomized intervention study investigated the effects of intermittent and continuous energy restriction on human hippocampal neurogenesis-related cognition, which has not been reported previously. Pattern separation and recognition memory were measured in 43 individuals with central obesity aged 35-75 years, before and after a four-week dietary intervention using the mnemonic similarity task. Both groups significantly improved pattern separation (P = 0.0005), but only the intermittent energy restriction group had a significant deterioration in recognition memory. There were no significant differences in cognitive improvement between the two diets. This is the first human study to investigate the association between energy restriction with neurogenesis-associated cognitive function. Energy restriction may enhance hippocampus-dependent memory and could benefit those in an ageing population with declining cognition. This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02679989) on 11 February 2016.
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10
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Ventura-Aquino E, Paredes RG. Sexual behavior in rodents: Where do we go from here? Horm Behav 2020; 118:104678. [PMID: 31927024 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hormones and Behavior was first published 50 years ago including some articles related to the hormonal regulation of sexual behavior in different species. Since then, this research field has produced outstanding discoveries that have contributed to our understanding of the control of sexual behavior. The refinement of classical techniques and the development of new experimental tools has opened the door to a new era of research that will allow us to understand different aspects of sexual behavior. It would also expand the possible extrapolation from animal models to understand human sexuality and its dysfunctions. In this review, we summarize some of the most recent findings about sexual behavior in both sexes including the refinement of classical methods of study with new approaches and questions as well as the development of new methods trying to explain mechanisms of action on motivational and consummatory elements of mating behavior. We also reviewed other aspects that modulate sexual behavior such as attractivity, olfactory signals and learning which model mate selection. Additionally, we described studies demonstrating that sexual behavior induces permanent brain modifications in neuronal circuits. Finally, we briefly describe recent contributions on animal models of human sexuality dysfunctions which, although with their own limitations, are under continuous refining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ventura-Aquino
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Juriquilla UNAM. Querétaro, Qro, Mexico
| | - Raúl G Paredes
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico; Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Juriquilla UNAM. Querétaro, Qro, Mexico.
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11
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Herrera-Morales WV, Herrera-Solís A, Núñez-Jaramillo L. Sexual Behavior and Synaptic Plasticity. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2019; 48:2617-2631. [PMID: 31270644 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-019-01483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although sex drive is present in many animal species, sexual behavior is not static and, like many other behaviors, can be modified by experience. This modification relies on synaptic plasticity, a sophisticated mechanism through which neurons change how they process a given stimulus, and the neurophysiological basis of learning. This review addresses the main plastic effects of steroid sex hormones in the central nervous system (CNS) and the effects of sexual experience on the CNS, including effects on neurogenesis, intracellular signaling, gene expression, and changes in dendritic spines, as well as behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Verónica Herrera-Morales
- División de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Quintana Roo, Av. Erick Paolo Martínez S/N esquina Av 4 de marzo. Colonia Magisterial, 77039, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Andrea Herrera-Solís
- Laboratorio Efectos Terapéuticos de los Canabinoides, Subdirección de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luis Núñez-Jaramillo
- División de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Quintana Roo, Av. Erick Paolo Martínez S/N esquina Av 4 de marzo. Colonia Magisterial, 77039, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico.
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12
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Leal-Galicia P, Romo-Parra H, Rodríguez-Serrano LM, Buenrostro-Jáuregui M. Regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis exerted by sexual, cognitive and physical activity: An update. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 101:101667. [PMID: 31421204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.101667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In 1962, Joseph Altman described that the brain generates neurons after the postnatal period, and this continues throughout your life (Altman, 1962). This was a breakthrough in the neuroscience field because before this the accepted paradigm was that the brain only generated neurons during the embryonal development. This discovery has been controversial ever since, especially since one of the areas of the brain with neurogenic properties is the hippocampus, which is the area involved in memory storage and neurodegenerative processes. The adult hippocampal neurogenesis modulates in response to different environmental factors. In this article, we review how exercise and cognitive and sexual activity can regulate the generation of new neurons in the hippocampal in an adult brain and the impact of these new neurons in the brain circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Leal-Galicia
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, México.
| | - H Romo-Parra
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Anáhuac, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L M Rodríguez-Serrano
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, México
| | - M Buenrostro-Jáuregui
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, México.
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Insights into the potential antidepressant mechanisms of cilostazol in chronically restraint rats: impact on the Nrf2 pathway. Behav Pharmacol 2019; 29:28-40. [PMID: 28763303 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ample evidence has pointed to a close link between oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and depression. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of cellular redox homeostasis and affects mitochondrial function. Nrf2 holds promise for depression prevention and treatment. This study aimed to investigate the potential prophylactic antidepressant effect of cilostazol and the contribution of the Nrf2 pathway toward the putative neuroprotection. The behavioral and neurochemical effects of concomitant treatment of oral cilostazol at doses of 7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg/day in Wistar rats exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS) for 4 weeks were assayed. Cilostazol prevented CRS-induced depressive-like behavior shown in sucrose-preference, forced-swimming, and open-field tests, and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity (adrenal gland weight and serum corticosterone). Cilostazol prevented CRS-induced increase in hippocampal lipid peroxidation and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, and a decrease in antioxidant activities (glutathione level, superoxide dismutase, and catalase). Western blot and PCR showed that cilostazol favorably modulated the Nrf2 protein and heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase-1 gene expression in the hippocampus of CRS rats. Cilostazol also prevented the decrease in the hippocampal activities of mitochondrial respiratory enzyme complexes I-IV. These behavioral and biochemical findings indicated the potential prophylactic antidepressant effect and mechanism of cilostazol by preventing oxidative stress by activation of redox defense mechanisms mediated through the Nrf2 pathway and restoring mitochondrial dysfunction.
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14
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Validation of hippocampal biomarkers of cumulative affective experience. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 101:113-121. [PMID: 30951763 PMCID: PMC6525303 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent knowledge on hippocampal structural plasticity is reviewed. This knowledge is harnessed to develop biomarkers of cumulative experience. Hippocampal plasticity is shown to have construct, content and criterion validity in mammals. The biomarkers require further validation to be used in birds and fish. We discuss some practical considerations to implement the biomarkers.
Progress in improving the welfare of captive animals has been hindered by a lack of objective indicators to assess the quality of lifetime experience, often called cumulative affective experience. Recent developments in stress biology and psychiatry have shed new light on the role of the mammalian hippocampus in affective processes. Here we review these findings and argue that structural hippocampal biomarkers demonstrate criterion, construct and content validity as indicators of cumulative affective experience in mammals. We also briefly review emerging findings in birds and fish, which have promising implications for applying the hippocampal approach to these taxa, but require further validation. We hope that this review will motivate welfare researchers and neuroscientists to explore the potential of hippocampal biomarkers of cumulative affective experience.
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15
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Abstract
Adult neurogenesis continues to captivate the curiosity of the scientific community; and researchers seem to have a particular interest in identifying the functional implications of such plasticity. While the majority of research focuses on the association between adult neurogenesis and learning and memory (including spatial learning associated with hippocampal neurogenesis and olfactory discrimination associated with neurogenesis in the olfactory system), the following review will explore the link to motivated behaviors. In particular, goal-directed behaviors such as sociosexual, parental, aggressive, as well as depression- and anxiety-like behaviors and their reciprocal association to adult neurogenesis will be evaluated. The review will detail research in humans and other mammalian species. Furthermore, the potential mechanisms underlying these neurogenic alterations will be highlighted. Lastly, the review will conclude with a discussion on the functional significance of these newly generated cells in mediating goal-directed behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Jorgensen
- Behavioral Science Department, Utah Valley University, Orem, Utah, USA
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16
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Velazco-Mendoza M, Camacho FJ, Paredes RG, Portillo W. The First Mating Experience Induces New Neurons in the Olfactory Bulb in Male Mice. Neuroscience 2018; 396:166-174. [PMID: 30471356 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In rodents, neurogenesis in the olfactory bulbs (OBs) is enhanced by exposure to olfactory enriched environments including sexually relevant odors. In the present study we evaluated whether sexual stimulation in male mice increases the number of newly generated cells that reach the OB and whether these cells differentiate into neurons. To this end, we used sexually naive male C57BL mice randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) control, in which animals were left alone in their home cages; (2) exposure, in which animals were exposed to a receptive female precluding any physical contact; and (3) mating, in which males copulated with females. Males were given three injections of the DNA synthesis marker 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) 2 h before, at the end and 2 h after the test. Fifteen days after BrdU administration, brains were removed and processed to identify new cells and evaluate if they had differentiated into neurons in the granular (GR), mitral (MI) and glomerular (GL) cell layers of the main and accessory OB (MOB and AOB, respectively). We found an increase in the percentage of new cells that differentiate into neurons in the GL cell layer of the MOB of males from the mating group compared with those from the exposure and control groups. No differences were found in the number of new cells or percentage of new neurons in the rest of the analyzed regions. In male mice, the first sexual experience increases the percentage of new cells that differentiate into neurons in the GL cell layer of the MOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Velazco-Mendoza
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - F J Camacho
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - R G Paredes
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - W Portillo
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México.
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17
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Bedos M, Portillo W, Paredes RG. Neurogenesis and sexual behavior. Front Neuroendocrinol 2018; 51:68-79. [PMID: 29438737 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Different conditions induce proliferation, migration and integration of new neurons in the adult brain. This process of neurogenesis is a clear example of long lasting plastic changes in the brain of different species. Sexual behavior is a motivated behavior that is crucial for the survival of the species, but an individual can spend all his life without displaying sexual behavior. In the present review, we briefly describe some of the effects of pheromones on neurogenesis. We review in detail studies describing the effects of sexual behavior in both males and females on proliferation, migration and integration of new cells and neurons. It will become evident that most of the studies have been done in rodents, assessing the effects of this behavior on neurogenesis within the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and in the subventricular zone - rostral migratory stream - olfactory bulb system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bedos
- CONACYT - Instituto de Neurobiología - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd Juriquilla 3001, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230 Querétaro, QRO, México
| | - W Portillo
- Instituto de Neurobiología - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd Juriquilla 3001, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230 Querétaro, QRO, México
| | - R G Paredes
- Instituto de Neurobiología - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd Juriquilla 3001, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230 Querétaro, QRO, México.
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18
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Allen MS. Sexual Activity and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2018; 47:1711-1719. [PMID: 29767822 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-018-1193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This prospective study tested whether sexual activity and emotional closeness during partnered sexual activity relate to cognitive decline (episodic memory performance) in older adulthood. In total, 6016 adults aged 50 and over (2672 men, 3344 women; M age = 66.0 ± 8.8 years) completed an episodic memory task and self-report questions related to health, sexual activity, and emotional closeness. Two years later, participants again completed the episodic memory task. After controlling for demographic and health-related lifestyle factors, more frequent sexual activity and greater emotional closeness during partnered sexual activity were associated with better memory performance. The association between sexual activity and memory performance was stronger among older participants in the sample. Memory performance worsened over 2 years, but change in memory performance was unrelated to sexual activity or emotional closeness during partnered sexual activity. These findings build on experimental research that has found sexual activity enhances episodic memory in non-human animals. Further research using longer timeframes and alternative measures of cognitive decline is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Allen
- University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
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19
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Baptista P, Andrade JP. Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis: Regulation and Possible Functional and Clinical Correlates. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:44. [PMID: 29922131 PMCID: PMC5996050 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of new neurons in the adult central nervous system (CNS) has been recognized as one of the major findings in neuroanatomical research. The hippocampal formation (HF), one of the main targets of these investigations, holds a neurogenic niche widely recognized among several mammalian species and whose existence in the human brain has sparked controversy and extensive debate. Many cellular features from this region emphasize that hippocampal neurogenesis suffers changes with normal aging and, among regulatory factors, physical exercise and chronic stress provoke opposite effects on cell proliferation, maturation and survival. Considering the numerous functions attributable to the HF, increasing or decreasing the integration of new neurons in the delicate neuronal network might be significant for modulation of cognition and emotion. The role that immature and mature adult-born neurons play in this circuitry is still mostly unknown but it could prove fundamental to understand hippocampal-dependent cognitive processes, the pathophysiology of depression, and the therapeutic effects of antidepressant medication in modulating behavior and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Baptista
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José P Andrade
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Center of Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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20
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Sexual dimorphic expression of TrkB, TrkB-T1, and BDNF in the medial preoptic area of the Syrian hamster. Brain Res 2017; 1669:122-125. [PMID: 28606780 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophins regulate many aspects of neuronal function and activity. Specifically, the binding of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to Tyrosine receptor kinase-B (TrkB) or its truncated version, TrkB-T1, can cause growth and differentiation or dominant inhibition of receptor signaling, respectively. There is evidence that these neurotropic effects on nervous tissue, in both the central and peripheral nervous system, behave differently between the sexes. This study used western blots to examine the expression of these neurotrophins in the medial preoptic area (MPOA), a sexually dimorphic region of the hamster brain that controls male sex behavior. We report that TrkB-FL and BDNF show greater expression in male MPOA tissue, when compared to female. On the contrary, TrkB-T1 is expressed in greater abundance in the female MPOA. Our results indicate a clear sexual dimorphism of neurotrophins in the MPOA of the Syrian hamster. Furthermore, the greater expression of TrkB-FL and BDNF in the male MPOA suggests that these neurotrophins could be promoting synaptic growth to facilitate male-typical copulation. In contrast, the greater TrkB-T1 expression in the female MPOA suggests a possible inhibition of synaptic growth, and may contribute to the lack of male-typical copulation. Altogether, our data suggests that neurotrophins may play a larger role sexual differentiation than previously thought.
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21
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Maunder L, Schoemaker D, Pruessner JC. Frequency of Penile-Vaginal Intercourse is Associated with Verbal Recognition Performance in Adult Women. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2017; 46:441-453. [PMID: 27844312 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-016-0890-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have identified a number of factors that contribute to improved cognitive function, and to memory function specifically, in cognitively normal individuals. One such factor, frequency of penile-vaginal intercourse (PVI), has been reported in a number of animal studies to be advantageous to memory for previously presented objects by increasing neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. However, studies investigating the potential benefits of frequent PVI on memory function in young women are to the best of our knowledge absent from the literature. The current study thus investigated whether the self-reported frequency of sexual intercourse was related to memory function in healthy female college students. To determine whether variation in PVI would be associated with memory performance, we asked 78 heterosexual women aged 18-29 years to complete a computerized memory paradigm consisting of abstract words and neutral faces. Results showed that frequency of PVI was positively associated with memory scores for abstract words, but not faces. Because memory for words depends to a large extent on the hippocampus, whereas memory for faces may rely to a greater extent on surrounding extra-hippocampal structures, our results appear to be specific for memory believed to rely on hippocampal function. This may suggest that neurogenesis in the hippocampus is higher in those women with a higher frequency of PVI, in line with previous animal research. Taken together, these results suggest that PVI may indeed have beneficial effects on memory function in healthy young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larah Maunder
- Department of Neuroscience, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, 6825 LaSalle Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada.
| | - Dorothée Schoemaker
- Department of Psychology, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jens C Pruessner
- Departments of Psychology, Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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22
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Social behavior, hormones and adult neurogenesis. Front Neuroendocrinol 2016; 41:71-86. [PMID: 26996817 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A variety of experiences have been shown to affect the production of neurons in the adult hippocampus. These effects may be mediated by experience-driven hormonal changes, which, in turn, interact with factors such as sex, age and life history to alter brain plasticity. Although the effects of physical experience and stress have been extensively characterized, various types of social experience across the lifespan trigger profound neuroendocrine changes in parallel with changes in adult neurogenesis. This review article focuses on the influence of specific social experiences on adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and the potential role of hormones in these effects.
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23
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Holmes MM. Social regulation of adult neurogenesis: A comparative approach. Front Neuroendocrinol 2016; 41:59-70. [PMID: 26877107 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The social environment sculpts the mammalian brain throughout life. Adult neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons in the mature brain, can be up- or down-regulated by various social manipulations. These include social isolation, social conflict, social status, socio-sexual interactions, and parent/offspring interactions. However, socially-mediated changes in neuron production are often species-, sex-, and/or region-specific. In order to reconcile the variability of social effects on neurogenesis, we need to consider species-specific social adaptations and other contextual variables (e.g. age, social status, reproductive status, etc.) that shift the valence of social stimuli. Using a comparative approach to understand how adult-generated neurons in turn influence social behaviors will shed light on how adult neurogenesis contributes to survival and reproduction in diverse species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Holmes
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Canada.
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24
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Fitzsimons CP, Herbert J, Schouten M, Meijer OC, Lucassen PJ, Lightman S. Circadian and ultradian glucocorticoid rhythmicity: Implications for the effects of glucocorticoids on neural stem cells and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Front Neuroendocrinol 2016; 41:44-58. [PMID: 27234350 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Psychosocial stress, and within the neuroendocrine reaction to stress specifically the glucocorticoid hormones, are well-characterized inhibitors of neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation in the adult hippocampus, resulting in a marked reduction in the production of new neurons in this brain area relevant for learning and memory. However, the mechanisms by which stress, and particularly glucocorticoids, inhibit neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation remain unclear and under debate. Here we review the literature on the topic and discuss the evidence for direct and indirect effects of glucocorticoids on neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation and adult neurogenesis. Further, we discuss the hypothesis that glucocorticoid rhythmicity and oscillations originating from the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, may be crucial for the regulation of neural stem/progenitor cells in the hippocampus, as well as the implications of this hypothesis for pathophysiological conditions in which glucocorticoid oscillations are affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P Fitzsimons
- Neuroscience Program, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Joe Herbert
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marijn Schouten
- Neuroscience Program, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Onno C Meijer
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Endocrinology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Neuroscience Program, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Stafford Lightman
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
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25
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Sántha P, Veszelka S, Hoyk Z, Mészáros M, Walter FR, Tóth AE, Kiss L, Kincses A, Oláh Z, Seprényi G, Rákhely G, Dér A, Pákáski M, Kálmán J, Kittel Á, Deli MA. Restraint Stress-Induced Morphological Changes at the Blood-Brain Barrier in Adult Rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 8:88. [PMID: 26834555 PMCID: PMC4712270 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is well-known to contribute to the development of both neurological and psychiatric diseases. While the role of the blood-brain barrier is increasingly recognized in the development of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier has been linked to stress-related psychiatric diseases only recently. In the present study the effects of restraint stress with different duration (1, 3, and 21 days) were investigated on the morphology of the blood-brain barrier in male adult Wistar rats. Frontal cortex and hippocampus sections were immunostained for markers of brain endothelial cells (claudin-5, occluding, and glucose transporter-1) and astroglia (GFAP). Staining pattern and intensity were visualized by confocal microscopy and evaluated by several types of image analysis. The ultrastructure of brain capillaries was investigated by electron microscopy. Morphological changes and intensity alterations in brain endothelial tight junction proteins claudin-5 and occludin were induced by stress. Following restraint stress significant increases in the fluorescence intensity of glucose transporter-1 were detected in brain endothelial cells in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Significant reductions in GFAP fluorescence intensity were observed in the frontal cortex in all stress groups. As observed by electron microscopy, 1-day acute stress induced morphological changes indicating damage in capillary endothelial cells in both brain regions. After 21 days of stress thicker and irregular capillary basal membranes in the hippocampus and edema in astrocytes in both regions were seen. These findings indicate that stress exerts time-dependent changes in the staining pattern of tight junction proteins occludin, claudin-5, and glucose transporter-1 at the level of brain capillaries and in the ultrastructure of brain endothelial cells and astroglial endfeet, which may contribute to neurodegenerative processes, cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Sántha
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Veszelka
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Hoyk
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária Mészáros
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina R Walter
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrea E Tóth
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lóránd Kiss
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Kincses
- Biomolecular Electronics Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zita Oláh
- Department of Psychiatry, Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - György Seprényi
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Rákhely
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Dér
- Biomolecular Electronics Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged, Hungary
| | - Magdolna Pákáski
- Department of Psychiatry, Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Kálmán
- Department of Psychiatry, Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kittel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária A Deli
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged, Hungary
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26
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Spritzer MD, Curtis MG, DeLoach JP, Maher J, Shulman LM. Sexual interactions with unfamiliar females reduce hippocampal neurogenesis among adult male rats. Neuroscience 2016; 318:143-56. [PMID: 26794592 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments have shown that sexual interactions prior to cell proliferation cause an increase in neurogenesis in adult male rats. Because adult neurogenesis is critical for some forms of memory, we hypothesized that sexually induced changes in neurogenesis may be involved in mate recognition. Sexually naive adult male rats were either exposed repeatedly to the same sexual partner (familiar group) or to a series of novel sexual partners (unfamiliar group), while control males never engaged in sexual interactions. Ovariectomized female rats were induced into estrus every four days. Males were given two injections of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) (200mg/kg) to label proliferating cells, and the first sexual interactions occurred three days later. Males in the familiar and unfamiliar groups engaged in four, 30-min sexual interactions at four-day intervals, and brain tissue was collected the day after the last sexual interaction. Immunohistochemistry followed by microscopy was used to quantify BrdU-labeled cells. Sexual interactions with unfamiliar females caused a significant reduction in neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus compared to males that interacted with familiar females and compared to the control group. The familiar group showed no difference in neurogenesis compared to the control group. Males in the familiar group engaged in significantly more sexual behavior (ejaculations and intromissions) than did males in the unfamiliar group, suggesting that level of sexual activity may influence neurogenesis levels. In a second experiment, we tested whether this effect was unique to sexual interactions by replicating the entire procedure using anestrus females. We found that interactions with unfamiliar anestrus females reduced neurogenesis relative to the other groups, but this effect was not statistically significant. In combination, these results indicate that interactions with unfamiliar females reduce adult neurogenesis and the effect is stronger for sexual interactions than for social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Spritzer
- Department of Biology, Middlebury College, McCardell Bicentennial Hall, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Middlebury College, McCardell Bicentennial Hall, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA.
| | - M G Curtis
- Program in Neuroscience, Middlebury College, McCardell Bicentennial Hall, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA.
| | - J P DeLoach
- Department of Biology, Middlebury College, McCardell Bicentennial Hall, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA.
| | - J Maher
- Program in Neuroscience, Middlebury College, McCardell Bicentennial Hall, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA.
| | - L M Shulman
- Program in Neuroscience, Middlebury College, McCardell Bicentennial Hall, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA.
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27
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Zhou J, Liu Z, Yu J, Han X, Fan S, Shao W, Chen J, Qiao R, Xie P. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Molecular Adaptations in the Hippocampal Synaptic Active Zone of Chronic Mild Stress-Unsusceptible Rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 19:pyv100. [PMID: 26364272 PMCID: PMC4772275 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While stressful events are recognized as an important cause of major depressive disorder, some individuals exposed to life stressors maintain normal psychological functioning. The molecular mechanism(s) underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. Abnormal transmission and plasticity of hippocampal synapses have been implied to play a key role in the pathoetiology of major depressive disorder. METHODS A chronic mild stress protocol was applied to separate susceptible and unsusceptible rat subpopulations. Proteomic analysis using an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was performed to identify differential proteins in enriched hippocampal synaptic junction preparations. RESULTS A total of 4318 proteins were quantified, and 89 membrane proteins were present in differential amounts. Of these, SynaptomeDB identified 81 (91%) having a synapse-specific localization. The unbiased profiles identified several candidate proteins within the synaptic junction that may be associated with stress vulnerability or insusceptibility. Subsequent functional categorization revealed that protein systems particularly involved in membrane trafficking at the synaptic active zone exhibited a positive strain as potential molecular adaptations in the unsusceptible rats. Moreover, through STRING and immunoblotting analysis, membrane-associated GTP-bound Rab3a and Munc18-1 appear to coregulate syntaxin-1/SNAP25/VAMP2 assembly at the hippocampal presynaptic active zone of unsusceptible rats, facilitating SNARE-mediated membrane fusion and neurotransmitter release, and may be part of a stress-protection mechanism in actively maintaining an emotional homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS The present results support the concept that there is a range of potential protein adaptations in the hippocampal synaptic active zone of unsusceptible rats, revealing new investigative targets that may contribute to a better understanding of stress insusceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Drs Zhou, Liu, Yu, Han, Fan, Shao, Chen, Qiao, and Xie); Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China (Drs Zhou, Liu, Yu, Han, Fan, Shao, Chen, Qiao, and Xie); Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Drs Liu, Han, Fan, Shao, and Xie)
| | - Zhao Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Drs Zhou, Liu, Yu, Han, Fan, Shao, Chen, Qiao, and Xie); Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China (Drs Zhou, Liu, Yu, Han, Fan, Shao, Chen, Qiao, and Xie); Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Drs Liu, Han, Fan, Shao, and Xie)
| | - Jia Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Drs Zhou, Liu, Yu, Han, Fan, Shao, Chen, Qiao, and Xie); Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China (Drs Zhou, Liu, Yu, Han, Fan, Shao, Chen, Qiao, and Xie); Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Drs Liu, Han, Fan, Shao, and Xie)
| | - Xin Han
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Drs Zhou, Liu, Yu, Han, Fan, Shao, Chen, Qiao, and Xie); Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China (Drs Zhou, Liu, Yu, Han, Fan, Shao, Chen, Qiao, and Xie); Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Drs Liu, Han, Fan, Shao, and Xie)
| | - Songhua Fan
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Drs Zhou, Liu, Yu, Han, Fan, Shao, Chen, Qiao, and Xie); Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China (Drs Zhou, Liu, Yu, Han, Fan, Shao, Chen, Qiao, and Xie); Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Drs Liu, Han, Fan, Shao, and Xie)
| | - Weihua Shao
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Drs Zhou, Liu, Yu, Han, Fan, Shao, Chen, Qiao, and Xie); Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China (Drs Zhou, Liu, Yu, Han, Fan, Shao, Chen, Qiao, and Xie); Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Drs Liu, Han, Fan, Shao, and Xie)
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Drs Zhou, Liu, Yu, Han, Fan, Shao, Chen, Qiao, and Xie); Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China (Drs Zhou, Liu, Yu, Han, Fan, Shao, Chen, Qiao, and Xie); Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Drs Liu, Han, Fan, Shao, and Xie)
| | - Rui Qiao
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Drs Zhou, Liu, Yu, Han, Fan, Shao, Chen, Qiao, and Xie); Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China (Drs Zhou, Liu, Yu, Han, Fan, Shao, Chen, Qiao, and Xie); Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Drs Liu, Han, Fan, Shao, and Xie)
| | - Peng Xie
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Drs Zhou, Liu, Yu, Han, Fan, Shao, Chen, Qiao, and Xie); Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China (Drs Zhou, Liu, Yu, Han, Fan, Shao, Chen, Qiao, and Xie); Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Drs Liu, Han, Fan, Shao, and Xie).
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28
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Lucassen PJ, Oomen CA, Naninck EFG, Fitzsimons CP, van Dam AM, Czeh B, Korosi A. Regulation of Adult Neurogenesis and Plasticity by (Early) Stress, Glucocorticoids, and Inflammation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2015; 7:a021303. [PMID: 26330520 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a021303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to stress is one of the best-known negative regulators of adult neurogenesis (AN). We discuss changes in neurogenesis in relation to exposure to stress, glucocorticoid hormones, and inflammation, with a particular focus on early development and on lasting effects of stress. Although the effects of acute and mild stress on AN are generally brief and can be quickly overcome, chronic exposure or more severe forms of stress can induce longer lasting reductions in neurogenesis that can, however, in part, be overcome by subsequent exposure to exercise, drugs targeting the stress system, and some antidepressants. Exposure to stress, particularly during the sensitive period of early life, may (re)program brain plasticity, in particular, in the hippocampus. This may increase the risk to develop cognitive or anxiety symptoms, common to brain diseases like dementia and depression in which plasticity changes occur, and a normalization of neurogenesis may be required for a successful treatment response and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Lucassen
- Centre for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte A Oomen
- Centre for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva F G Naninck
- Centre for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos P Fitzsimons
- Centre for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie van Dam
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Boldizsár Czeh
- MTA-PTE, Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary Structural Neurobiology Research Group, Szentagothai Janos Research Center, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Aniko Korosi
- Centre for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Adult neurogenesis: a substrate for experience-dependent change. Trends Cogn Sci 2015; 19:151-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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30
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Barros LA, Tufik S, Andersen ML. The role of progesterone in memory: an overview of three decades. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 49:193-204. [PMID: 25434881 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Memory comprises acquisition, consolidation and retrieval of information. Many substances can influence these different phases. It is well demonstrated that sex hormones, mainly estrogen, impact cognitive function. More recently, progesterone has also been documented as playing an important role in cognition, since it influences brain regions involved in memory. Currently, many women are under hormone treatment, which contain progesterone to decrease the risk of development of endometrial cancer. This affords the opportunity to study the real effects of this hormonal replacement on cognition. There are many contradictory results regarding the role of progesterone in memory. Therefore, the aim of this review was to synthesize these studies using the new perspective of the influence of hormone replacement on cognition in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Barros
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Napoleão de Barros, 925, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - S Tufik
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Napoleão de Barros, 925, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M L Andersen
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Napoleão de Barros, 925, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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31
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Ruan CS, Wang SF, Shen YJ, Guo Y, Yang CR, Zhou FH, Tan LT, Zhou L, Liu JJ, Wang WY, Xiao ZC, Zhou XF. Deletion of TRIM32 protects mice from anxiety- and depression-like behaviors under mild stress. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 40:2680-90. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Sheng Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine; Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
- Division of Health Sciences; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences; University of South Australia; Adelaide SA 5000 Australia
| | - Shu-Fen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine; Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
| | - Yan-Jun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine; Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
- School of Medical Science; Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
| | - Yi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine; Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
- School of Medical Science; Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
| | - Chun-Rui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine; Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
- School of Medical Science; Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
| | - Fiona H. Zhou
- Division of Health Sciences; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences; University of South Australia; Adelaide SA 5000 Australia
| | - Li-Tao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine; Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine; Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
| | - Jian-Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine; Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
| | - Wen-Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine; Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine; Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology; Monash University; Clayton Vic. Australia
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine; Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
- Division of Health Sciences; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences; University of South Australia; Adelaide SA 5000 Australia
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