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Fan X, Song J, Zhang S, Lu L, Lin F, Chen Y, Li S, Jin X, Wang F. Luteolin-7-O-β-d-Glucuronide Attenuated Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Involvement of the Blood-Brain Barrier. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1366. [PMID: 38927572 PMCID: PMC11201472 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a common cerebrovascular disease with high mortality, high morbidity, and high disability. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Luteolin-7-O-β-d-glucuronide (LGU) is a major active flavonoid compound extracted from Ixeris sonchifolia (Bge.) Hance, a Chinese medicinal herb mainly used for the treatment of coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, cerebral infarction, etc. In the present study, the protective effect of LGU on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury was investigated in an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) neuronal model and a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) rat model. In in vitro experiments, LGU was found to improve the OGD/R-induced decrease in neuronal viability effectively by the MTT assay. In in vivo experiments, neurological deficit scores, infarction volume rates, and brain water content rates were improved after a single intravenous administration of LGU. These findings suggest that LGU has significant protective effects on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in vitro and in vivo. To further explore the potential mechanism of LGU on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, we performed a series of tests. The results showed that a single administration of LGU decreased the content of EB and S100B and ameliorated the abnormal expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin and metalloproteinase MMP-9 in the ischemic cerebral cortex of the tMCAO 24-h injury model. In addition, LGU also improved the tight junction structure between endothelial cells and the degree of basement membrane degradation and reduced the content of TNF-α and IL-1β in the brain tissue. Thereby, LGU attenuated cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by improving the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. The present study provides new insights into the therapeutic potential of LGU in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Fan
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (X.F.); (L.L.); (F.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Jintao Song
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (J.S.); (S.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Shuting Zhang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (J.S.); (S.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Lihui Lu
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (X.F.); (L.L.); (F.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Fang Lin
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (X.F.); (L.L.); (F.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (J.S.); (S.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Shichang Li
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (X.F.); (L.L.); (F.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Xinxin Jin
- Experimental Teaching Center of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China;
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (J.S.); (S.Z.); (Y.C.)
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Huang T, Yin J, Ren S, Zhang X. Protective effects of KLF4 on blood-brain barrier and oxidative stress after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats through the Nrf2/Trx1 pathway. Cytokine 2023; 169:156288. [PMID: 37441941 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the role of KLF4 in CI/R injury and whether Nrf2/Trx1 axis acted as a downstream pathway of KLF4 to exert the protective role in blood-brain barrier destruction after CI/R. METHODS The tMCAO rat model in vivo was constructed and received the intracerebroventricular injection of 5 μg/kg and 10 μg/kg rhKLF4 before operation. TTC, brain water content, neurological function, ELISA, behavioral tests, HE, TUNEL, and qRT-PCR were performed to detect the protective role of KLF4 on CIR. Double-fluorescence staining and western blot were performed to determine the localization and spatiotemporal expression in brain tissues. Furthermore, we also analyzed the effect of KLF4 on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and related mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Nrf2 inhibitor tretinoin was applied, which was intraperitoneally injected into CIR rat. Evans blue staining was conducted. In vitro OGD/R models of bEnd.3 cells were also established, and received KLF4 overexpressed transfection and 12.5 µM tretinoin incubation. The permeability of bEnd.3 cells was evaluated by TEER and FITC-dextran leakage. BBB-related factors and oxidative stress were also analyzed, respectively. The tubular ability of KLF4 on OGD/R bEnd3 cells was also evaluated. RESULTS In vivo study confirmed that KLF4 was expressed in astrocyte, and its content increased with time. KLF4 protected against brain injury caused by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, reduced cerebral infarction area and oxidative stress levels, and promoted the recovery of behavioral ability in rats. Simultaneously, mechanism experiments confirmed that the repair effect of KLF4 on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was closely related to the Nrf2/Trx1 pathway. KLF4 exerted the neuroprotective effect through upregulating Nrf2/Trx1 pathway. Consistent with in vivo animal study, in vitro study also confirmed the effect of KLF4 on the permeability of bEnd.3 cells after OGD/R injury through Nrf2/Trx1 pathway. CONCLUSION Collectively, KLF4 played neuroprotective role in CIR induced MCAO and OGD/R, and the beneficial effects of KLF4 was partly linked to Nrf2/Trx1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Neurology Department, Laizhou City People's Hospital, Laizhou, Shandong 261400, China
| | - Junping Yin
- Neurology Department, Laizhou City People's Hospital, Laizhou, Shandong 261400, China
| | - Song'e Ren
- Neurology Department, Laizhou City People's Hospital, Laizhou, Shandong 261400, China
| | - Xuling Zhang
- Neurology Department, Laizhou City People's Hospital, Laizhou, Shandong 261400, China.
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GPR75: An exciting new target in metabolic syndrome and related disorders. Biochimie 2022; 195:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Yadav RK, Mehan S, Sahu R, Kumar S, Khan A, Makeen HA, Al Bratty M. Protective effects of apigenin on methylmercury-induced behavioral/neurochemical abnormalities and neurotoxicity in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221084276. [PMID: 35373622 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221084276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a neurotoxin that induces neurotoxicity and cell death in neurons. MeHg increases oligodendrocyte death, glial cell activation, and motor neuron demyelination in the motor cortex and spinal cord. As a result, MeHg plays an important role in developing neurocomplications similar to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Recent research has implicated c-JNK and p38MAPK overactivation in the pathogenesis of ALS. Apigenin (APG) is a flavonoid having anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and c-JNK/p38MAPK inhibitory activities. The purpose of this study is to determine whether APG possesses neuroprotective effects in MeHg-induced neurotoxicity in adult rats associated with ALS-like neuropathological alterations. In the current study, the neurotoxin MeHg causes an ALS-like phenotype in Wistar rats after 21 days of oral administration at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Prolonged administration of APG (40 and 80 mg/kg) improved neurobehavioral parameters such as learning memory, cognition, motor coordination, and grip strength. This is mainly associated with the downregulation of c-JNK and p38MAPK signaling as well as the restoration of myelin basic protein within the brain. Furthermore, APG inhibited neuronal apoptotic markers (Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3), restored neurotransmitter imbalance, decreased inflammatory markers (TNF- and IL-1), and alleviated oxidative damage. As a result, the current study shows that APG has neuroprotective potential as a c-JNK and p38MAPK signaling inhibitor against MeHg-induced neurotoxicity in adult rats. Based on these promising findings, we suggested that APG could be a potential new therapeutic approach over other conventional therapeutic approaches for MeHg-induced neurotoxicity in neurobehavioral, molecular, and neurochemical abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwar Kumar Yadav
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, 75126ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, 75126ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Rakesh Sahu
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, 75126ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, 75126ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, 123285Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz Antar Makeen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, 123285Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al Bratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, 123285Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Han R, Wan J, Han X, Ren H, Falck JR, Munnuri S, Yang ZJ, Koehler RC. 20-HETE Participates in Intracerebral Hemorrhage-Induced Acute Injury by Promoting Cell Ferroptosis. Front Neurol 2021; 12:763419. [PMID: 34867747 PMCID: PMC8633108 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.763419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a highly fatal type of stroke that leads to various types of neuronal death. Recently, ferroptosis, a form of cell death resulting from iron-dependent lipid peroxide accumulation, was observed in a mouse ICH model. N-hydroxy-N'-(4-n-butyl-2-methylphenyl)-formamidine (HET0016), which inhibits synthesis of the arachidonic acid metabolite 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), has shown a protective effect after ICH. However, the underlying mechanisms of the neuroprotective effect need further investigation. We explored whether 20-HETE participates in ICH-induced ferroptosis ex vivo by using hemoglobin-treated organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs) and in vivo by using a collagenase-induced ICH mouse model. Ex vivo, we found that the 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor HET0016 and antagonist 20-6,15-HEDGE reduced hemoglobin-induced cell death, iron deposition, and lipid reactive oxygen species levels in OHSCs. Furthermore, 20-HETE inhibition in OHSCs increased the expression of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) 4, an antioxidant enzyme that serves as a main regulator of ferroptosis. In contrast, exposure of OHSCs to the 20-HETE stable mimetic 20-5,14-HEDGE induced cell death that was significantly inhibited by the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1. In vivo, HET0016 treatment ameliorated focal deficits, reduced lesion volume, and decreased iron accumulation around the lesion at day 3 and 7 after ICH. In addition, lipid peroxidation was decreased and expression of GPX4 was increased in the HET0016-treated ICH group. The mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway also was inhibited by HET0016 in vivo. These results indicate that 20-HETE contributes to ICH-induced acute brain injury in part by activating ferroptosis pathways, thereby providing an upstream target for inhibiting ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jieru Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xiaoning Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Honglei Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Sailu Munnuri
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Zeng-Jin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Raymond C Koehler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Yamada H, Tanikawa M, Sakata T, Aihara N, Mase M. Usefulness of T2 Relaxation Time for Quantitative Prediction of Meningioma Consistency. World Neurosurg 2021; 157:e484-e491. [PMID: 34695610 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.10.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meningioma consistency is one of the most critical factors affecting the difficulty of surgery. Although many studies have attempted to predict meningioma consistency via magnetic resonance imaging findings, no definitive method has been established, because most have been based on qualitative evaluations. Therefore, the present study examined the potential of the T2 relaxation time (T2 value), a tissue-specific quantitative parameter, for assessment of meningioma consistency. METHODS Eighteen surgically treated meningiomas in 16 patients were included in the present study. Preoperatively, the T2 values of all meningiomas were calculated pixel by pixel, and a T2 value distribution map was generated. A total of 27 tumor specimens (multiple specimens were procured if heterogeneous) were taken from these meningiomas, with each localization identified intraoperatively using image guidance. The consistency of the specimens was measured with a durometer, originally a device for measuring the hardness of material such as elastic rubber, and their water content was subsequently measured using wet and dry measurements. RESULTS A significant correlation was found between the T2 values of the matched locations identified by image guidance intraoperatively and the consistency measured using the durometer (r = -0.722; P < 0.01) and the water content (r = 0.621; P = 0.01). In addition, the water content correlated significantly with the durometer consistency (r = -0.677; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The T2 values could be a reliable quantitative predictor of meningioma consistency, and the T2 value distribution map, which elucidated the internal structure of the tumor in detail, could provide helpful information for surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Motoki Tanikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Sakata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Noritaka Aihara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsuhito Mase
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Exercise-Linked Irisin Prevents Mortality and Enhances Cognition in a Mice Model of Cerebral Ischemia by Regulating Klotho Expression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1697070. [PMID: 34306305 PMCID: PMC8282383 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1697070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Irisin, which can be released in the hippocampus after physical exercise, is demonstrated to have beneficial effects on neurovascular diseases. This study investigated the impact of exercise linked-irisin on mortality and cognition in a mice model of cerebral ischemia and further explored its underlying mechanism. The cerebrospinal concentrations of irisin and klotho from ischemic stroke patients were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The cognitive function of mice was evaluated by a series of behavioural experiments. The expressions of klotho, MnSOD, and FOXO3a in the hippocampus of mice were detected by Western blot. Superoxide production in the brain tissue of mice was evaluated with the dihydroethidium (DHE) dying. The results demonstrated that stroke patients showed a positive correlation between their CSF irisin concentration and klotho concentration. In addition, when mice subjected to cerebral ischemia, their cognitive function was impaired, the protein expressions of klotho, MnSOD, and FOXO3a downregulated, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased compared with the sham group. After pretreatment with exogenous irisin, improved cognitive impairment, upregulated protein expressions of klotho, MnSOD, and FOXO3a, and reduced ROS generation were observed in mice with MCAO. However, the neuroprotective effects of irisin compromised with the evidence of severe cognitive impairment, decreased protein expressions of MnSOD and FOXO3a, and increased ROS production in klotho knockout mice. Thus, our results indicated that exercise-linked irisin could prevent mortality and improve cognitive impairment after cerebral ischemia by regulating klotho expression.
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Pils V, Terlecki-Zaniewicz L, Schosserer M, Grillari J, Lämmermann I. The role of lipid-based signalling in wound healing and senescence. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 198:111527. [PMID: 34174292 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-based signalling modulates several cellular processes and intercellular communication during wound healing and tissue regeneration. Bioactive lipids include but are not limited to the diverse group of eicosanoids, phospholipids, and extracellular vesicles and mediate the attraction of immune cells, initiation of inflammatory responses, and their resolution. In aged individuals, wound healing and tissue regeneration are greatly impaired, resulting in a delayed healing process and non-healing wounds. Senescent cells accumulate with age in vivo, preferably at sites implicated in age-associated pathologies and their elimination was shown to alleviate many age-associated diseases and disorders. In contrast to these findings, the transient presence of senescent cells in the process of wound healing exerts beneficial effects and limits fibrosis. Hence, clearance of senescent cells during wound healing was repeatedly shown to delay wound closure in vivo. Recent findings established a dysregulated synthesis of eicosanoids, phospholipids and extracellular vesicles as part of the senescent phenotype. This intriguing connection between cellular senescence, lipid-based signalling, and the process of wound healing and tissue regeneration prompts us to compile the current knowledge in this review and propose future directions for investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Pils
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucia Terlecki-Zaniewicz
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Schosserer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Imaging of Aging and Senescence - SKINMAGINE, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Linz and Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria
| | - Ingo Lämmermann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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Liu H, Qin H, Zhou Y, Yuan Y, Liu Y, Chen Y, Yang Y, Ni H, Xi T, Zheng L. HET0016 attenuates the stemness of breast cancer cells through targeting CYP4Z1. Mol Carcinog 2021; 60:413-426. [PMID: 33866606 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ours and other previous studies have shown that CYP4Z1 is specifically and highly expressed in breast cancer, and acts as a promoter for the stemness of breast cancer cells. Here, we explored whether targeting CYP4Z1 could attenuate the stemness of breast cancer cells using HET0016, which has been confirmed to be an inhibitor of CYP4Z1 by us and others. Using the transcriptome-sequencing analysis, we found that HET0016 suppressed the expression of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers and stem cell functions. Additionally, HET0016 indeed reduced the stemness of breast cancer cells, as evident by the decrease of stemness marker expression, CD44+ /CD24- subpopulation with stemness, mammary-spheroid formation, and tumor-initiating ability. Moreover, HET0016 suppressed the metastatic capability through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Furthermore, we confirmed that HET0016 suppressed CYP4Z1 activity, and HET0016-induced inhibition on the stemness and metastasis of breast cancer cells was rescued by CYP4Z1 overexpression. Thus, our results demonstrate that HET0016 can attenuate the stemness of breast cancer cells through targeting CYP4Z1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichen Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiwei Ni
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lufeng Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Punicalin Alleviates OGD/R-Triggered Cell Injury via TGF- β-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle in Neuroblastoma Cells SH-SY5Y. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6671282. [PMID: 33628309 PMCID: PMC7895578 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6671282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The research aimed to identify the active component from Punica granatum L. to alleviate ischemia/reperfusion injury and clarify the underlying mechanism of the active component alleviating ischemia/reperfusion injury. Materials and Methods The SH-SY5Y cell model of oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) was established to simulate the ischemia/reperfusion injury. According to the strategy of bioassay-guided isolation, the active component of punicalin from Punica granatum L. was identified. Flow cytometry and Western blotting were employed to evaluate the effects of OGD/R and/or punicalin on cell cycle arrest. Immunofluorescence assay was applied to assess the nucleus translocation. The relative content of ROS and GSH and the enzyme activities of CAT and SOD were examined using ELISA. Results The data of bioassay-guided isolation showed that punicalin from Punica granatum L. could alleviate OGD/R-induced cell injury in SH-SY5Y cells. Flow cytometry analysis and Western blotting for probing the expression of CDK1, p-CDK1, cyclin B1, and p21 revealed that punicalin could relieve OGD/R-induced cell cycle G0/G1 arrest. Additionally, immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting for probing the expression of TGF-β and p-Smad2/p-Smad3 showed that punicalin could relieve the OGD/R-induced TGF-β/Smad pathway. Furthermore, the TGF-β/Smad pathway inhibitor of LY2157299 was employed to confirm that the TGF-β/Smad pathway is crucial to the effect of punicalin. At last, it was indicated that punicalin could relieve OGD/R-induced oxidative stress. Conclusion Punicalin, an active component from Punica granatum L., was identified as a protective agent to alleviate the OGD/R-induced cell injury, which could exert the protective effect via TGF-β/Smad pathway-regulated oxidative stress and cell cycle arrest in SH-SY5Y cells.
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Cheng G, Zhao W, Xin Y, Huang G, Liu Y, Li Z, Zhan M, Li Y, Lu L, van Leyen K, Liu Y. Effects of ML351 and tissue plasminogen activator combination therapy in a rat model of focal embolic stroke. J Neurochem 2021; 157:586-598. [PMID: 33481248 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Thrombolytic stroke therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is limited by risks of hemorrhagic transformation (HT). We have reported that a new 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) inhibitor ML351 reduced tPA related HT in mice subjected to experimental stroke under anticoagulation. In this study, we asked whether ML351 can ameliorate tPA induced HT in an embolic stroke model. Rats were subjected to embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion with 2 or 3 hr ischemia and tPA infusion, with or without ML351. Regional cerebral blood flow was monitored 2 hr after ischemia and continuously monitored for 1 hr after treatment for determining reperfusion. Hemoglobin was determined in brain homogenates and infarct volume was quantified at 24 hr after stroke.12/15-LOX, cluster of differentiation 68(CD68), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and tight junction proteins expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. ML351 significantly reduced tPA related hemorrhage after stroke without affecting its thrombolytic efficacy. ML351 also reduced blood-brain barrier disruption and improved preservation of junction proteins. ML351 and tPA combination improved neurological deficit of rats even though ML351 did not further reduce the infarct volume compared to tPA alone treated animals. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were suppressed by ML351 both in vivo and in vitro experiments. We further showed that ML351 suppressed the expression of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) in brains and microglia cultures, whereas exogenous 12-HETE attenuated this effect in vitro. In conclusion, ML351 and tPA combination therapy is beneficial in ameliorating HT after ischemic stroke. This protective effect is probably because of 12/15-LOX inhibition and suppression of JNK-mediated microglia/macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangsen Cheng
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai People's Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai People's Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yongjie Xin
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai People's Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Guomin Huang
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai People's Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yongkang Liu
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai People's Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhongliang Li
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai People's Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Meixiao Zhan
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai People's Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yong Li
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai People's Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai People's Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Klaus van Leyen
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai People's Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
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12
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Lee YC, Kao ST, Cheng CY. Acorus tatarinowii Schott extract reduces cerebral edema caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats: involvement in regulation of astrocytic NKCC1/AQP4 and JNK/iNOS-mediated signaling. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:374. [PMID: 33298024 PMCID: PMC7726880 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the Acorus tatarinowii Schott [Shi Chang Pu (SCP)] extract administered at the start of 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), followed by 3 d of reperfusion, and to determine mechanisms involved in anti-edema effects in the penumbra of the cerebral cortex. Method Rats were intraperitoneally administered the SCP extract at a dose of 0.25 g/kg (SCP-0.25 g), 0.5 g/kg (SCP-0.5 g), or 1 g/kg (SCP-1 g) at the start of MCAo. Result SCP-0.5 g and SCP-1 g treatments effectively reduced the cerebral infarct size, ameliorated cerebral edema, reduced blood–brain barrier permeability, and restored neurological function. SCP-0.5 g and SCP-1 g treatments markedly downregulated the levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein, Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter type 1 (NKCC1), aquaporin 4 (AQP4), phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK)/JNK, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), 3-nitrotyrosine, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) and upregulated ZO-3 expression in the penumbra of the cerebral cortex 3 d after reperfusion. Conclusions SCP-0.5 g and SCP-1 g treatments exert neuroprotective effects against cerebral infarction and cerebral edema partially by mitigating astrocytic swelling and blood–brain barrier disruption. Moreover, the anti-cerebral edema effects of SCP extract treatments are possibly associated with the downregulation of astrocytic NKCC1/AQP4 and JNK/iNOS-mediated ICAM-1/MMP-9 signaling in the penumbra of the cerebral cortex 3 d after reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital 40447, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Te Kao
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yi Cheng
- School of Post-baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. .,Department of Chinese Medicine, Hui-Sheng Hospital 42056, Taichung, Taiwan.
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13
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Icariside II attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction in rats via regulating the balance of MMP9/TIMP1. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:1547-1556. [PMID: 32488170 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) results in harmful consequences during ischemic stroke, especially the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which leads to severe hemorrhagic transformation through aggravation of edema and brain hemorrhage. Our previous study demonstrated that icariside II (ICS II), which is derived from Herba Epimedii, attenuates cerebral I/R injury by inhibiting the GSK-3β-mediated activation of autophagy both in vitro and in vivo. However, the effect of ICS II on the BBB remains unclear. Thus, in this study, we investigated the regulation of BBB integrity by ICS II after cerebral I/R injury and further explored the underlying mechanism in rats. Cerebral I/R injury was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and the treatment groups were administered ICS II at a dose of 16 mg/kg by gavage twice a day for 3 days. The results showed that ICS II effectively prevented BBB disruption, as evidenced by Evans Blue staining. Moreover, ICS II not only significantly reduced the expression of MMP2/9 but also increased TIMP1 and tight junction protein (occludin, claudin 5, and ZO 1) expression. Intriguingly, ICS II may directly bind to both MMP2 and MMP9, as evidenced by molecular docking. In addition, ICS II also inhibited cerebral I/R-induced apoptosis and ameliorated the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cleaved-caspase 3 level. Collectively, our findings reveal that ICS II significantly ameliorates I/R-induced BBB disruption and neuronal apoptosis in MCAO rats by regulating the MMP9/TIMP1 balance and inhibiting the caspase 3-dependent apoptosis pathway.
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14
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Xu M, Wu R, Liang Y, Fu K, Zhou Y, Li X, Wu L, Wang Z. Protective effect and mechanism of Qishiwei Zhenzhu pills on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via blood-brain barrier and metabonomics. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110723. [PMID: 33152910 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease caused by the sudden rupture of cerebral blood vessels or vascular obstruction from brain tissue damage or dysfunction, thereby preventing blood flow into the brain. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CI/RI), a common syndrome of ischemic stroke, is a complex pathological process whose physiological mechanism is still unclear. Qishiwei Zhenzhu pills (QSW), a famous Tibetan medicine preparation, has the effect of tranquilizing by heavy settling, dredging channels and activating collaterals, harmonizing Qi and blood, restoring consciousness, and inducing resuscitation. Here, we investigated the protective effect of QSW on CI/RI in rats and its potential mechanism. First, the volatile and liposoluble components in QSW were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). After 24 h of CI/RI, the neuroprotective effect was determined by evaluating the neurological function, cerebral infarction, histopathology, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. Immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and western blot (WB) were used to detect the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), claudin-5, and occludin. Finally, GCMS metabonomics was used to identify different metabolites and analyze metabolic pathways. The results showed that 88 volatile components and 63 liposoluble components were detected in QSW. Following the experimental stroke operation, it was observed that rats administered QSW pretreatment had improved neurological function, reduced infarct volume (P < 0.01), increased Nissl bodies (P < 0.05), improved histopathology, and reduced BBB disruption. Immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, and WB results showed that MMP-9 level in the brain tissue of the QSW pretreatment group had a decreasing trend and the expression of claudin-5 and occludin had a tendency to increase. Eleven metabolites related to lipid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and energy metabolism, were identified via GC-MS metabonomics. Our study shows that QSW preconditioning has a neuroprotective effect on CI/RI; however, its mechanism requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ruixia Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yuan Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ke Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, PR China
| | - You Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Lei Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhang Wang
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, PR China.
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15
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Plotnikov MB, Chernysheva GA, Smolyakova VI, Aliev OI, Trofimova ES, Sherstoboev EY, Osipenko AN, Khlebnikov AI, Anfinogenova YJ, Schepetkin IA, Atochin DN. Neuroprotective Effects of a Novel Inhibitor of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase in the Rat Model of Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081860. [PMID: 32784475 PMCID: PMC7464312 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel specific inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one oxime sodium salt (IQ-1S), has a high affinity to JNK3 compared to JNK1/JNK2. The aim of this work was to study the mechanisms of neuroprotective activity of IQ-1S in the models of reversible focal cerebral ischemia (FCI) in Wistar rats. The animals were administered with an intraperitoneal injection of IQ-1S (5 and 25 mg/kg) or citicoline (500 mg/kg). Administration of IQ-1S exerted a pronounced dose-dependent neuroprotective effect, not inferior to the effects of citicoline. Administration of IQ-1S at doses of 5 and 25 mg/kg reduced the infarct size by 20% and 50%, respectively, 48 h after FCI, whereas administration of citicoline reduced the infarct size by 34%. The administration of IQ-1S was associated with a faster amelioration of neurological status. Control rats showed a 2.0-fold increase in phospho-c-Jun levels in the hippocampus compared to the corresponding values in sham-operated rats 4 h after FCI. Administration of IQ-1S at a dose of 25 mg/kg reduced JNK-dependent phosphorylation of c-Jun by 20%. Our findings suggest that IQ-1S inhibits JNK enzymatic activity in the hippocampus and protects against stroke injury when administered in the therapeutic and prophylactic regimen in the rat model of FCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B. Plotnikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, 3 Lenin ave, 634028 Tomsk, Russia; (G.A.C.); (V.I.S.); (O.I.A.); (E.S.T.); (E.Y.S.)
- National Research Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin ave., 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-913-822-1783
| | - Galina A. Chernysheva
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, 3 Lenin ave, 634028 Tomsk, Russia; (G.A.C.); (V.I.S.); (O.I.A.); (E.S.T.); (E.Y.S.)
| | - Vera I. Smolyakova
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, 3 Lenin ave, 634028 Tomsk, Russia; (G.A.C.); (V.I.S.); (O.I.A.); (E.S.T.); (E.Y.S.)
| | - Oleg I. Aliev
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, 3 Lenin ave, 634028 Tomsk, Russia; (G.A.C.); (V.I.S.); (O.I.A.); (E.S.T.); (E.Y.S.)
| | - Eugene S. Trofimova
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, 3 Lenin ave, 634028 Tomsk, Russia; (G.A.C.); (V.I.S.); (O.I.A.); (E.S.T.); (E.Y.S.)
| | - Eugene Y. Sherstoboev
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, 3 Lenin ave, 634028 Tomsk, Russia; (G.A.C.); (V.I.S.); (O.I.A.); (E.S.T.); (E.Y.S.)
| | - Anton N. Osipenko
- Department of Pharmacology, Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovskiy tract, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Andrei I. Khlebnikov
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.I.K.); (I.A.S.); (D.N.A.)
| | - Yana J. Anfinogenova
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk NRMC, 111a Kievskaya St., 634012 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Igor A. Schepetkin
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.I.K.); (I.A.S.); (D.N.A.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Dmitriy N. Atochin
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.I.K.); (I.A.S.); (D.N.A.)
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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16
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Kloska A, Malinowska M, Gabig-Cimińska M, Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka J. Lipids and Lipid Mediators Associated with the Risk and Pathology of Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103618. [PMID: 32443889 PMCID: PMC7279232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a severe neurological disorder in humans that results from an interruption of the blood supply to the brain. Worldwide, stoke affects over 100 million people each year and is the second largest contributor to disability. Dyslipidemia is a modifiable risk factor for stroke that is associated with an increased risk of the disease. Traditional and non-traditional lipid measures are proposed as biomarkers for the better detection of subclinical disease. In the central nervous system, lipids and lipid mediators are essential to sustain the normal brain tissue structure and function. Pathways leading to post-stroke brain deterioration include the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids. A variety of lipid mediators are generated from fatty acids and these molecules may have either neuroprotective or neurodegenerative effects on the post-stroke brain tissue; therefore, they largely contribute to the outcome and recovery from stroke. In this review, we provide an overview of serum lipids associated with the risk of ischemic stroke. We also discuss the role of lipid mediators, with particular emphasis on eicosanoids, in the pathology of ischemic stroke. Finally, we summarize the latest research on potential targets in lipid metabolic pathways for ischemic stroke treatment and on the development of new stroke risk biomarkers for use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kloska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Marcelina Malinowska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Magdalena Gabig-Cimińska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (M.M.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.G.-C.); (J.J.-B.); Tel.: +48-585-236-046 (M.G.-C.); +48-585-236-043 (J.J.-B.)
| | - Joanna Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.-C.); (J.J.-B.); Tel.: +48-585-236-046 (M.G.-C.); +48-585-236-043 (J.J.-B.)
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17
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Wang F, Li R, Tu P, Chen J, Zeng K, Jiang Y. Total Glycosides of Cistanche deserticola Promote Neurological Function Recovery by Inducing Neurovascular Regeneration via Nrf-2/Keap-1 Pathway in MCAO/R Rats. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:236. [PMID: 32256351 PMCID: PMC7089931 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The traditional Chinese medicine Cistanche deserticola has been reported to be valid for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, its active components for the protection of ischemic stroke are not clear. We aimed to explore the active components of C. deserticola against ischemic stroke as well as its potential mechanisms. Methods We investigated the brain protective effects of extracts from C. deserticola, total glycosides (TGs), polysaccharides (PSs), and oligosaccharides (OSs) in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion (MCAO/R). 2, 3, 5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to assess the cerebral infarction volume, and Evans blue assay was adopted to assess the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Then, the expressions CD31, α-SMA, PDGFRβ, SYN, PSD95, MAP-2, ZO-1, claudin-5, occludin, Keap-1, and Nrf-2 were analyzed using western blotting or immunofluorescence, and the activities MDA, SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px were analyzed using kits. Results TGs treatment remarkably decreased neurological deficit scores and infarction volumes, promoted angiogenesis and neural remodeling, and effectively maintained blood-brain-barrier integrity compared with the model group. Furthermore, TGs significantly decreased MDA levels and increased antioxidant activities (SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px) in brains. Meanwhile, TGs remarkably downregulated Keap-1 expression and facilitated Nrf-2 nuclear translocation. On the contrary, no protective effects were observed for PSs and OSs groups. Conclusion TGs are the main active components of C. deserticola against MCAO/R-induced cerebral injury, and protection is mainly via the Nrf-2/Keap-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi, China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kewu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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18
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Guo P, Jin Z, Wu H, Li X, Ke J, Zhang Z, Zhao Q. Effects of irisin on the dysfunction of blood-brain barrier in rats after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01425. [PMID: 31566928 PMCID: PMC6790318 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether irisin could protect against blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction following focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats. METHODS AND MATERIALS Seventy-two adult male Sprague Dawley rats weighing 280-320 g were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation group (S), focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion group (FC), and irisin group (IR). Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by improved thread occlusion of right middle cerebral artery (MCAO) for 2 hr followed by reperfusion for 24 hr in rats. After 24 hr of reperfusion, the neurological evaluation was performed by the method of Longa's score. The histopathological changes were observed by HE staining. The brain water content was determined by detecting the wet weight and dry weight. The BBB permeability was assessed by fluorescence spectrophotometer and fluorescence microscopy for Evans blue (EB) extravasation. The activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in different groups were detected by immunohistochemical staining, Western blot, and gel gelatin zymography. RESULTS After MCAO, the neurological deficit scores, the infarct volume, the brain water content, and the EB content were higher in the FC group than those in the S group (p < .05). While after irisin treatment, these indicators mentioned above were lower than those in the IR group (p < .05). Moreover, the protein expression of MMP-9 in the cortex increased significantly after MCAO, while irisin treatment could decrease the protein expression of MMP-9 in the cortex (p < .05). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that irisin can attenuate brain damage both morphologically and functionally and protect BBB from disruption after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, which is highly associated with the inhibition of the expression and activity of MMP-9 in the brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huisheng Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianjuan Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zongze Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Center & Key Laboratory of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
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19
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Shu S, Zhang Z, Spicer D, Kulikowicz E, Hu K, Babapoor-Farrokhran S, Kannan S, Koehler RC, Robertson CL. Administration of a 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid Synthesis Inhibitor Improves Outcome in a Rat Model of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury. Dev Neurosci 2019; 41:166-176. [PMID: 31553983 DOI: 10.1159/000500895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The arachidonic acid pathway metabolite 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) contributes to ischemia/reperfusion brain injury. Inhibition of 20-HETE formation can protect the developing brain from global ischemia. Here, we examined whether treatment with the 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor N-hydroxy-N-4-butyl-2-methylphenylformamidine (HET0016) can protect the immature brain from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Male rats at postnatal day 9-10 underwent controlled cortical impact followed by intraperitoneal injection with vehicle or HET0016 (1 mg/kg, 5 min and 3 h post-injury). HET0016 decreased the lesion volume by over 50% at 3 days of recovery, and this effect persisted at 30 days as the brain matured. HET0016 decreased peri-lesion gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin-1β [IL-1β]) at 1 day and increased reparative cytokine (IL-4, IL-10) expression at 3 days. It also partially preserved microglial ramified processes, consistent with less activation. HET0016 decreased contralateral hindlimb foot faults and improved outcome on the novel object recognition memory task 30 days after TBI. In cultured BV2 microglia, HET0016 attenuated the lipopolysaccharide-evoked increase in release of TNF-α. Our data show that HET0016 improves acute and long-term histologic and functional outcomes, in association with an attenuated neuroinflammatory response after contusion of an immature rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Shu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dawn Spicer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ewa Kulikowicz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Retina Division, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Savalan Babapoor-Farrokhran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Retina Division, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sujatha Kannan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Raymond C Koehler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Courtney L Robertson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, .,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,
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20
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Han X, Zhao X, Lan X, Li Q, Gao Y, Liu X, Wan J, Yang Z, Chen X, Zang W, Guo AM, Falck JR, Koehler RC, Wang J. 20-HETE synthesis inhibition promotes cerebral protection after intracerebral hemorrhage without inhibiting angiogenesis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:1531-1543. [PMID: 29485354 PMCID: PMC6681539 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18762645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
20-HETE, an arachidonic acid metabolite synthesized by cytochrome P450 4A, plays an important role in acute brain damage from ischemic stroke or subarachnoid hemorrhage. We tested the hypothesis that 20-HETE inhibition has a protective effect after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and then investigated its effect on angiogenesis. We exposed hippocampal slice cultures to hemoglobin and induced ICH in mouse brains by intrastriatal collagenase injection to investigate the protective effect of 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor N-hydroxy-N'-(4-n-butyl-2-methylphenyl)-formamidine (HET0016). Hemoglobin-induced neuronal death was assessed by propidium iodide after 18 h in vitro. Lesion volume, neurologic deficits, cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS), neuroinflammation, and angiogenesis were evaluated at different time points after ICH. In cultured mouse hippocampal slices, HET0016 attenuated hemoglobin-induced neuronal death and decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and ROS. In vivo, HET0016 reduced brain lesion volume and neurologic deficits, and decreased neuronal death, ROS production, gelatinolytic activity, and the inflammatory response at three days after ICH. However, HET0016 did not inhibit angiogenesis, as levels of CD31, VEGF, and VEGFR2 were unchanged on day 28. We conclude that 20-HETE is involved in ICH-induced brain damage. Inhibition of 20-HETE synthesis may provide a viable means to mitigate ICH injury without inhibition of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Han
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaochun Zhao
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xi Lan
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qian Li
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yufeng Gao
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xi Liu
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jieru Wan
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zengjin Yang
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xuemei Chen
- 2 Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Weidong Zang
- 2 Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Austin M Guo
- 3 Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - John R Falck
- 4 Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Raymond C Koehler
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,2 Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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21
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Lan XB, Wang Q, Yang JM, Ma L, Zhang WJ, Zheng P, Sun T, Niu JG, Liu N, Yu JQ. Neuroprotective effect of Vanillin on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109196. [PMID: 31310955 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a leading cause of death and perpetual neurological dysfunction in neonates. Vanillin (Van), a natural phenolic compound with neuroprotective properties, exerts neuroprotection on a gerbil model of global ischemia by inhibiting oxidative damage. This study aimed to explore the potential neuroprotective roles of Van in neonatal rats suffering from hypoxic-ischemic (HI). An HI model of 7-day-old SD rats was induced by left carotid artery ligation followed by exposure to 8% oxygen (balanced with nitrogen) for 2.5 h at 37 °C. At 48 h after intraperitoneal injection with Van (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) or saline, neurobehavioral function, cerebral infract volume, brain water content, and histomorphological changes were performed to evaluate brain injury. Transmission electron microscopy and immunoglobulin G (IgG) staining were conducted to evaluate the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The levels of oxidative stress and tight junction proteins, as well as the activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), were also determined in the ipsilateral hemisphere. Results showed that Van post-treatment significantly ameliorated early neurobehavioral deficits, decreased infarct volume and brain edema, as well as attenuated histopathologic injury and IgG extravasation. Furthermore, Van markedly increased the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and decreased malondialdehyde content. Meanwhile, the activation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 induced by HI was partially blocked by Van. Finally, Van obviously increased the expression of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-5 compared with the HI group. Collectively, Van can provide neuroprotective effects against neonatal HIBD possibly by attenuating oxidative damage and preserving BBB integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Lan
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Mei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Ma
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Sun
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guo Niu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Qiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China; Ningxia Hui Medicine Modern Engineering Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Plotnikov MB, Chernysheva GA, Aliev OI, Smol'iakova VI, Fomina TI, Osipenko AN, Rydchenko VS, Anfinogenova YJ, Khlebnikov AI, Schepetkin IA, Atochin DN. Protective Effects of a New C-Jun N-terminal Kinase Inhibitor in the Model of Global Cerebral Ischemia in Rats. Molecules 2019; 24:E1722. [PMID: 31058815 PMCID: PMC6539151 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is activated by various brain insults and is implicated in neuronal injury triggered by reperfusion-induced oxidative stress. Some JNK inhibitors demonstrated neuroprotective potential in various models, including cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The objective of the present work was to study the neuroprotective activity of a new specific JNK inhibitor, IQ-1S (11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one oxime sodium salt), in the model of global cerebral ischemia (GCI) in rats compared with citicoline (cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine), a drug approved for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke and to search for pleiotropic mechanisms of neuroprotective effects of IQ-1S. The experiments were performed in a rat model of ischemic stroke with three-vessel occlusion (model of 3VO) affecting the brachiocephalic artery, the left subclavian artery, and the left common carotid artery. After 7-min episode of GCI in rats, 25% of animals died, whereas survived animals had severe neurological deficit at days 1, 3, and 5 after GCI. At day 5 after GCI, we observing massive loss of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area, increase in lipid peroxidation products in the brain tissue, and decrease in local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) in the parietal cortex. Moreover, blood hyperviscosity syndrome and endothelial dysfunction were found after GCI. Administration of IQ-1S (intragastrically at a dose 50 mg/kg daily for 5 days) was associated with neuroprotective effect comparable with the effect of citicoline (intraperitoneal at a dose of 500 mg/kg, daily for 5 days).The neuroprotective effect was accompanied by a decrease in the number of animals with severe neurological deficit, an increase in the number of animals with moderate degree of neurological deficit compared with control GCI group, and an increase in the number of unaltered neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area along with a significant decrease in the number of neurons with irreversible morphological damage. In rats with IQ-1S administration, the LCBF was significantly higher (by 60%) compared with that in the GCI control. Treatment with IQ-1S also decreases blood viscosity and endothelial dysfunction. A concentration-dependent decrease (IC50 = 0.8 ± 0.3 μM) of tone in isolated carotid arterial rings constricted with phenylephrine was observed after IQ-1S application in vitro. We also found that IQ-1S decreased the intensity of the lipid peroxidation in the brain tissue in rats with GCI. 2.2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging for IQ-1S in acetonitrile and acetone exceeded the corresponding values for ionol, a known antioxidant. Overall, these results suggest that the neuroprotective properties of IQ-1S may be mediated by improvement of cerebral microcirculation due to the enhanced vasorelaxation, beneficial effects on blood viscosity, attenuation of the endothelial dysfunction, and antioxidant/antiradical IQ-1S activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Plotnikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk 634028, Russia.
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Galina A Chernysheva
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk 634028, Russia.
| | - Oleg I Aliev
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk 634028, Russia.
| | - Vera I Smol'iakova
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk 634028, Russia.
| | - Tatiana I Fomina
- Department of Medicine Toxicology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk 634028, Russia.
| | - Anton N Osipenko
- Department of Pharmacology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Victoria S Rydchenko
- Department of Biophysics, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Yana J Anfinogenova
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk 634012, Russia.
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Andrei I Khlebnikov
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
- Research Institute of Biological Medicine, Altai State University, Barnaul 656049, Russia.
| | - Igor A Schepetkin
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
| | - Dmitriy N Atochin
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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23
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Liu Y, Li Y, Zhan M, Liu Y, Li Z, Li J, Cheng G, Teng G, Lu L. Astrocytic cytochrome P450 4A/20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid contributes to angiogenesis in the experimental ischemic stroke. Brain Res 2019; 1708:160-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Wang X, Sun ZJ, Wu JL, Quan WQ, Xiao WD, Chew H, Jiang CM, Li D. Naloxone attenuates ischemic brain injury in rats through suppressing the NIK/IKKα/NF-κB and neuronal apoptotic pathways. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:170-179. [PMID: 29904091 PMCID: PMC6329773 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although naloxone has been documented to exert neuroprotection in animal model of cerebral ischemia, the mechanism is not well understood. In this present study we investigated whether naloxone affected the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in ischemic brain injury of rats. SD rats were subjected to a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery, and received naloxone (0.5, 1, 2 mg/kg, i.v.) immediately after ischemia. Neurological deficits were evaluated 24 h after ischemia using the McGraw Stroke Index, and then the rats were killed, and the brains were collected for further analyses. We show that naloxone treatment dose-dependently decreased the infarction volume and morphological injury, improved motor behavioral function, and markedly curtailed brain edema. Furthermore, naloxone administration significantly inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and decreased the levels of nuclear NF-κB p65 in the ischemic penumbra. Naloxone administration also dose-dependently increased the NF-κB inhibitory protein (IκBα) levels and attenuated phosphorylated NIK and IKKα levels in the ischemic penumbra. In addition, naloxone administration dose-dependently increased Bcl-2 levels, decreased Bax levels, stabilized the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and inhibited cytochrome c release and caspase 3 and caspase 9 activation. These results indicate that the neuroprotective effects of naloxone against ischemic brain injury involve the inhibition of NF-κB activation via the suppression of the NIK/IKKα/IκBα pathway and the obstruction of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Putuo People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200060, China
| | - Zu-Jun Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Jun-Lu Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Quan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Wei-Dong Xiao
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Helen Chew
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Cui-Min Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Putuo People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200060, China.
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China.
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25
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Guo T, Wang Y, Guo Y, Wu S, Chen W, Liu N, Wang Y, Geng D. 1, 25-D 3 Protects From Cerebral Ischemia by Maintaining BBB Permeability via PPAR-γ Activation. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:480. [PMID: 30618630 PMCID: PMC6304345 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a physical and biochemical barrier that maintains cerebral homeostasis. BBB dysfunction in an ischemic stroke, results in brain injury and subsequent neurological impairment. The aim of this study was to determine the possible protective effects of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1, 25(OH)2D3, 1, 25-D3, vit D] on BBB dysfunction, at the early stages of an acute ischemic brain injury. We analyzed the effects of 1, 25-D3 on BBB integrity in terms of histopathological changes, the neurological deficit, infarct size and the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat model. BBB permeability and the expression of permeability-related proteins in the brain were also evaluated by Evans blue (EB) staining and Western blotting respectively. To determine the possible mechanism underlying the role of 1, 25-D3 in BBB maintenance, after MCAO/R, the rats were treated with the specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) inhibitor GW9662. Supplementation with 1, 25-D3 markedly improved the neurological scores of the rats, decreased the infarct volume, prevented neuronal deformation and upregulated the expression of the tight junction (TJ) and BDNF proteins in their brains. Furthermore, it activated PPARγ but downregulated neuro-inflammatory cytokines such as nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), after MCAO/R. Taken together, 1, 25-D3 protects against cerebral ischemia by maintaining BBB permeability, upregulating the level of BDNF and inhibiting PPARγ-mediated neuro-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yanqiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yuanfang Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ganyu District People’s Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | - Shuguang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Deqin Geng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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26
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Li X, Wang X, Xie J, Liang B, Wu J. Suppression of Angiotensin-(1-7) on the Disruption of Blood-Brain Barrier in Rat of Brain Glioma. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 25:429-435. [PMID: 30229380 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0471-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most primary brain tumor, specially characterized with the damage of blood-brain barrier (BBB). The Ang-(1-7) was proven to have an inhibitory effect on glioblastoma growth. However, its role on blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, Ang-(1-7) significantly relieved the damage of blood-brain barrier in rats with intracranial U87 gliomas as evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Furthermore, its treatment attenuated BBB permeability, tumor growth and edema formation. Similarly, Ang-(1-7) also decreased U87 glioma cells barrier permeability in vitro. Further analysis showed that Ang-(1-7) could effectively restore tight junction protein (claudin-5 and ZO-1) expression levels both in rats and U87 glioma cells by affecting the activation of JNK pathway. SP600125, an inhibitor of JNK, significantly enhanced the expression of Claudin-5 and ZO-1, and decreased the disruption of BBB and enhanced the efficiency of Ang-(1-7) in glioma rats. Taken together, this study demonstrated a protective role of Ang-(1-7) in glioma-induced blood-brain barrier damage by regulating tight junction protein expression. Accordingly, Ang-(1-7) may become a promising therapeutic agent against glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.3 Kangfuqian Street, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xinjun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.3 Kangfuqian Street, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.3 Kangfuqian Street, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.3 Kangfuqian Street, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jianheng Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.3 Kangfuqian Street, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
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27
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Lu L, Wang M, Wei X, Li W. 20-HETE Inhibition by HET0016 Decreases the Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability and Brain Edema After Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:207. [PMID: 30061822 PMCID: PMC6054934 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have implicated 20-HETE as a vasoconstrictive mediator in trauma, the purpose of this study was to determine whether administration of HET0016, the 20-HETE inhibitor, could protect neurons from trauma and the effect of HET0016 on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and brain edema in experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). Rat models with TBI were established. Brain edema was measured according to the wet and dry weight method at 3, 24, and 72 h after injury. The BBB permeability was quantified by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). Superoxide production, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidative capability (T-AOC) in traumatic brain tissues were also measured. Western blot analysis was used to analyze the expression of the occludin, ZO-1, Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) pathways. At 24 and 72 h after administration of HET0016 following TBI, the BBB permeability and brain edema decreased. The decrease in superoxide production and the increase in the activity of SOD and T-AOC were measured in this study. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of MMP-9 and JNK pathways was suppressed, but the expression of ZO-1 and occludin was increased. These results suggest that the administration of HET0016 could protect the BBB function and decrease brain edema after experimental traumatic injury by suppressing the expression of MMP-9 and activating the expression of tight junction proteins via suppressing the JNK pathway and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Lu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingliang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoer Wei
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
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28
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Soler A, Hunter I, Joseph G, Hutcheson R, Hutcheson B, Yang J, Zhang FF, Joshi SR, Bradford C, Gotlinger KH, Maniyar R, Falck JR, Proctor S, Schwartzman ML, Gupte SA, Rocic P. Elevated 20-HETE in metabolic syndrome regulates arterial stiffness and systolic hypertension via MMP12 activation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 117:88-99. [PMID: 29428638 PMCID: PMC5877315 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Arterial stiffness plays a causal role in development of systolic hypertension. 20-hydroxyeicosatetraeonic acid (20-HETE), a cytochrome P450 (CYP450)-derived arachidonic acid metabolite, is known to be elevated in resistance arteries in hypertensive animal models and loosely associated with obesity in humans. However, the role of 20-HETE in the regulation of large artery remodeling in metabolic syndrome has not been investigated. We hypothesized that elevated 20-HETE in metabolic syndrome increases matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12) activation leading to increased degradation of elastin, increased large artery stiffness and increased systolic blood pressure. 20-HETE production was increased ~7 fold in large, conduit arteries of metabolic syndrome (JCR:LA-cp, JCR) vs. normal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. This correlated with increased elastin degradation (~7 fold) and decreased arterial compliance (~75% JCR vs. SD). 20-HETE antagonists blocked elastin degradation in JCR rats concomitant with blocking MMP12 activation. 20-HETE antagonists normalized, and MMP12 inhibition (pharmacological and MMP12-shRNA-Lnv) significantly improved (~50% vs. untreated JCR) large artery compliance in JCR rats. 20-HETE antagonists also decreased systolic (182 ± 3 mmHg JCR, 145 ± 3 mmHg JCR + 20-HETE antagonists) but not diastolic blood pressure in JCR rats. Whereas diastolic pressure was fully angiotensin II (Ang II)-dependent, systolic pressure was only partially Ang II-dependent, and large artery stiffness was Ang II-independent. Thus, 20-HETE-dependent regulation of systolic blood pressure may be a unique feature of metabolic syndrome related to high 20-HETE production in large, conduit arteries, which results in increased large artery stiffness and systolic blood pressure. These findings may have implications for management of systolic hypertension in patients with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Soler
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States
| | - Ian Hunter
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States
| | - Gregory Joseph
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States
| | - Rebecca Hutcheson
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States
| | - Brenda Hutcheson
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States
| | - Jenny Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States
| | - Frank Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States
| | - Sachindra Raj Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States
| | - Chastity Bradford
- Department of Biology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, United States
| | - Katherine H Gotlinger
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States
| | - Rachana Maniyar
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States
| | - John R Falck
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Spencer Proctor
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | | | - Sachin A Gupte
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States
| | - Petra Rocic
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States.
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29
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Lu L, Wang M, Yuan F, Wei X, Li W. Roles of elevated 20‑HETE in the breakdown of blood brain barrier and the severity of brain edema in experimental traumatic brain injury. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7339-7345. [PMID: 29568904 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Breakdown of the blood brain barrier (BBB) is a secondary injury following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and can lead to the development of brain edema. However, the factors that contribute to the disruption of the BBB and increase the severity of brain edema in TBI remain to be elucidated. 20‑hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20‑HETE) is a metabolite of arachidonic acid. The inhibition of 20‑HETEsynthesis by HET0016 has been suggested as a strategy to decrease brain edema. The present study aimed to investigate whether the elevated production of 20‑HETE in cerebral tissue may contribute to BBB breakdown and increase the severity of brain edema in rats with TBI. BBB permeability was quantified using dynamic contrast‑enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and brain edema was measured according to brain water content. Superoxide production in injured tissue was also assessed. Liquid chromatography‑mass spectrometry was used to evaluate 20‑HETE production in injured tissue. Western blot analysis was used to assess the expression of occludin, zonula occludens (ZO)‑1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑9, and proteins of the c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. A total of 3, 24 and 72 h following the induction of TBI, 20‑HETE levels, BBB permeability and brain edema were identified to be increased, accompanied by an increase in superoxide production. Conversely, superoxide dismutase levels, in addition to the total antioxidative capability were decreased. In addition, the expression of MMP‑9 and proteins of the JNK pathway was upregulated, whereas the expression of occludin and ZO‑1 was observed to be suppressed. These results suggested that 20‑HETE may aggravate BBB disruption following TBI, via enhancing the expression of MMP‑9 and tight junction proteins. Furthermore, oxidative stress and the JNK signaling pathway may be involved in BBB dysregulation. In conclusion, the results of the present demonstrated that the production of 20‑HETE was increased in cerebral tissue following traumatic injury, thus suggesting that it may contribute to the compromise of BBB integrity and the development of brain edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Lu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Mingliang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoer Wei
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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Elshenawy OH, Shoieb SM, Mohamed A, El-Kadi AOS. Clinical Implications of 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid in the Kidney, Liver, Lung and Brain: An Emerging Therapeutic Target. Pharmaceutics 2017; 9:pharmaceutics9010009. [PMID: 28230738 PMCID: PMC5374375 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics9010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) is an important pathway for the formation of eicosanoids. The ω-hydroxylation of AA generates significant levels of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) in various tissues. In the current review, we discussed the role of 20-HETE in the kidney, liver, lung, and brain during physiological and pathophysiological states. Moreover, we discussed the role of 20-HETE in tumor formation, metabolic syndrome and diabetes. In the kidney, 20-HETE is involved in modulation of preglomerular vascular tone and tubular ion transport. Furthermore, 20-HETE is involved in renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and polycystic kidney diseases. The role of 20-HETE in the liver is not clearly understood although it represents 50%-75% of liver CYP-dependent AA metabolism, and it is associated with liver cirrhotic ascites. In the respiratory system, 20-HETE plays a role in pulmonary cell survival, pulmonary vascular tone and tone of the airways. As for the brain, 20-HETE is involved in cerebral I/R injury. Moreover, 20-HETE has angiogenic and mitogenic properties and thus helps in tumor promotion. Several inhibitors and inducers of the synthesis of 20-HETE as well as 20-HETE analogues and antagonists are recently available and could be promising therapeutic options for the treatment of many disease states in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama H Elshenawy
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, AB, Canada.
| | - Sherif M Shoieb
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, AB, Canada.
| | - Anwar Mohamed
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, AB, Canada.
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Ayman O S El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, AB, Canada.
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The role of 20-HETE in cardiovascular diseases and its risk factors. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2016; 125:108-17. [PMID: 27287720 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is metabolized in mammals by enzymes of the CYP4A and 4F families to 20-hydroxyeicosatetraeonic acid (20-HETE) which plays an important role in the regulation of renal function, vascular tone and arterial pressure. In the vasculature, 20-HETE is a potent vasoconstrictor, the up-regulation of which contributes to inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and an increase in peripheral vascular resistance in models of obesity, diabetes, ischemia/reperfusion, and vascular oxidative stress. Recent studies have established a role for 20-HETE in normal and pathological angiogenic conditions. We discuss in this review the synthesis of 20-HETE and how it and various autacoids, especially the renin-angiotensin system, interact to promote hypertension, vasoconstriction, and vascular dysfunction. In addition, we examine the molecular mechanisms through which 20-HETE induces these actions and the clinical implication of inhibiting 20-HETE production and activity.
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Kumar H, Sharma B. Memantine ameliorates autistic behavior, biochemistry & blood brain barrier impairments in rats. Brain Res Bull 2016; 124:27-39. [PMID: 27034117 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, commonly characterized by altered social behavior, communication, biochemistry and pathological conditions. One percent of the worldwide population suffers from autism and males suffer more than females. NMDA receptors have the important role in neurodevelopment, neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. This study has been designed to investigate the role of memantine, a NMDA receptor modulator, in prenatal valproic acid-induced autism in rats. Animals with prenatal valproic acid have shown the reduction in social interaction (three-chamber social behavior apparatus), spontaneous alternation (Y-Maze), exploratory activity (Hole board test), intestinal motility, serotonin levels (both in prefrontal cortex and ileum) and prefrontal cortex mitochondrial complex activity (complex I, II, IV). Furthermore, prenatal valproic acid-treated animals have shown an increase in locomotion (actophotometer), anxiety (elevated plus maze), brain oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive species, glutathione, catalase), nitrosative stress (nitrite/nitrate), inflammation (both in brain and ileum myeloperoxidase activity), calcium and blood-brain barrier permeability. Treatment with memantine has significantly attenuated prenatal valproic acid-induced reduction in social interaction, spontaneous alteration, exploratory activity intestinal motility, serotonin levels and prefrontal cortex mitochondrial complex activity. Furthermore, memantine has also attenuated the prenatal valproic acid-induced increase in locomotion, anxiety, brain oxidative and nitrosative stress, inflammation, calcium and blood-brain barrier permeability. Thus, it may be concluded that prenatal valproic acid has induced autistic behavior, biochemistry and blood-brain barrier impairment in animals, which were significantly attenuated by memantine. NMDA receptor modulators like memantine should be explored further for the therapeutic benefits in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariom Kumar
- CNS Research Lab., Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bharat Institute of Technology, Partapur Bypass, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Bhupesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India; CNS Pharmacology, Conscience Research, Pocket F-233 B, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110095, India.
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Atochin DN, Schepetkin IA, Khlebnikov AI, Seledtsov VI, Swanson H, Quinn MT, Huang PL. A novel dual NO-donating oxime and c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Neurosci Lett 2016; 618:45-49. [PMID: 26923672 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) has been shown to be an important regulator of neuronal cell death. Previously, we synthesized the sodium salt of 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one (IQ-1S) and demonstrated that it was a high-affinity inhibitor of the JNK family. In the present work, we found that IQ-1S could release nitric oxide (NO) during its enzymatic metabolism by liver microsomes. Moreover, serum nitrite/nitrate concentration in mice increased after intraperitoneal injection of IQ-1S. Because of these dual actions as JNK inhibitor and NO-donor, the therapeutic potential of IQ-1S was evaluated in an animal stroke model. We subjected wild-type C57BL6 mice to focal ischemia (30min) with subsequent reperfusion (48h). Mice were treated with IQ-1S (25mg/kg) suspended in 10% solutol or with vehicle alone 30min before and 24h after middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion (MCAO). Using laser-Doppler flowmetry, we monitored cerebral blood flow (CBF) above the MCA during 30min of MCAO provoked by a filament and during the first 30min of subsequent reperfusion. In mice treated with IQ-1S, ischemic and reperfusion values of CBF were not different from vehicle-treated mice. However, IQ-1S treated mice demonstrated markedly reduced neurological deficit and infarct volumes as compared with vehicle-treated mice after 48h of reperfusion. Our results indicate that the novel JNK inhibitor releases NO during its oxidoreductive bioconversion and improves stroke outcome in a mouse model of cerebral reperfusion. We conclude that IQ-1S is a promising dual functional agent for the treatment of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy N Atochin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 East 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; RASA Center in Tomsk, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Igor A Schepetkin
- RASA Center in Tomsk, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA
| | - Andrei I Khlebnikov
- Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Altai State Technical University, Barnaul 656038, Russia
| | | | - Helen Swanson
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 East 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA
| | - Paul L Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 East 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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Minocycline ameliorates prenatal valproic acid induced autistic behaviour, biochemistry and blood brain barrier impairments in rats. Brain Res 2015; 1630:83-97. [PMID: 26551768 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopment disorder. One percent worldwide population suffers with autism and males suffer more than females. Microglia plays an important role in neurodevelopment, neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. The present study has been designed to investigate the role of minocycline in prenatal valproic acid induced autism in rats. Animals with prenatal valproic acid have reduced social interaction (three chamber social behaviour apparatus), spontaneous alteration (Y-Maze), exploratory activity (Hole board test), intestinal motility, serotonin levels (both in prefrontal cortex and ileum) and prefrontal cortex mitochondrial complex activity (complexes I, II, IV). Furthermore, prenatal valproic acid treated animals have shown an increase in locomotion (actophotometer), anxiety (elevated plus maze), brain oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive species, glutathione, catalase), nitrosative stress (nitrite/nitrate), inflammation (both in brain and ileum myeloperoxidase activity), calcium and blood brain barrier permeability. Treatment with minocycline significantly attenuated prenatal valproic acid induced reduction in social interaction, spontaneous alteration, exploratory activity intestinal motility, serotonin levels and prefrontal cortex mitochondrial complex activity. Furthermore, minocycline has also attenuated prenatal valproic acid induced increase in locomotion, anxiety, brain oxidative and nitrosative stress, inflammation, calcium and blood brain barrier permeability. Thus, it may be concluded that prenatal valproic acid has induced autistic behaviour, biochemistry and blood brain barrier impairment in animals, which were significantly attenuated by minocycline. Minocycline should be explored further for its therapeutic benefits in autism.
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Guo J, Cheng C, Chen CS, Xing X, Xu G, Feng J, Qin X. Overexpression of Fibulin-5 Attenuates Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury After Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:3154-3167. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lin M, Sun W, Gong W, Zhou Z, Ding Y, Hou Q. Methylophiopogonanone A Protects against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Attenuates Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption In Vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124558. [PMID: 25897666 PMCID: PMC4405202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylophiopogonanone A (MO-A), an active homoisoflavonoid of the Chinese herb Ophiopogon japonicus which has been shown to have protective effects on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. However, little is known about its role in cerebral I/R injury. Therefore, in this study, by using a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion rat model, the effect of MO-A on cerebral I/R injury was examined. The results showed that MO-A treatment reduced infarct volume and brain edema, improved neurological deficit scores, reversed animal body weight decreases, and increased animal survival time in the stroke groups. Western blotting showed that MO-A suppressed MMP-9, but restored the expression of claudin-3 and claudin-5. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy were monitored to determine the blood-brain barrier (BBB) alterations in vitro. The results showed that MO-A markedly attenuated BBB damage in vitro. Additionally, MO-A inhibited ROS production in ECs and MMP-9 release in differentiated THP-1 cells in vitro, and suppressed ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in ECs and leukocyte/EC adhesion. In conclusion, our data indicate that MO-A has therapeutic potential against cerebral I/R injury through its ability to attenuate BBB disruption by regulating the expression of MMP-9 and tight junction proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingbao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wan Gong
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhou
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NanChang, China
| | - Yasi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Bexarotene reduces blood-brain barrier permeability in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injured rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122744. [PMID: 25844636 PMCID: PMC4386818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) over-expression disrupts the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the ischemic brain. The retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene suppresses MMP-9 expression in endothelial cells and displays neuroprotective effects. Therefore, we hypothesized that bexarotene may have a beneficial effect on I/R-induced BBB dysfunction. METHODS A total of 180 rats were randomized into three groups (n = 60 each): (i) a sham-operation group, (ii) a cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group, and (iii) an I/R+bexarotene group. Brain water content was measured by the dry wet weight method. BBB permeability was analyzed by Evans Blue staining and the magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent Omniscan. MMP-9 mRNA expression, protein expression, and activity were assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and gelatin zymography, respectively. Apolipoprotein E (apoE), claudin-5, and occludin expression were analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS After 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h post-I/R, several effects were observed with bexarotene administration: (i) brain water content and BBB permeability were significantly reduced; (ii) MMP-9 mRNA and protein expression as well as activity were significantly decreased; (iii) claudin-5 and occludin expression were significantly increased; and (iv) apoE expression was significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS Bexarotene decreases BBB permeability in rats with cerebral I/R injury. This effect may be due in part to bexarotene's upregulation of apoE expression, which has been previously shown to reduce BBB permeability through suppressing MMP-9-mediated degradation of the tight junction proteins claudin-5 and occludin. This work offers insight to aid future development of therapeutic agents for cerebral I/R injury in human patients.
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Hoopes SL, Garcia V, Edin ML, Schwartzman ML, Zeldin DC. Vascular actions of 20-HETE. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 120:9-16. [PMID: 25813407 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a metabolite of arachidonic acid that exhibits a myriad of biological effects in the vascular system. This review discusses the current knowledge related to the effects of 20-HETE on vascular reactivity, activation, and remodeling, as well as its role in vascular inflammation and angiogenesis. The information explaining how 20-HETE and the renin-angiotensin system interact to promote hypertension, vasoconstriction, and vascular dysfunction is summarized in this article. 20-HETE enhances vascular inflammation and injury in models of diabetes, ischemia/reperfusion, and cerebrovascular oxidative stress. Recent studies also established a role for 20-HETE in normal and pathological angiogenesis conditions. This review will also discuss the molecular mechanisms through which 20-HETE induces these vascular actions. Potential additional studies are suggested to address shortcomings in the current knowledge of 20-HETE in the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Hoopes
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Matthew L Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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